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2. Grounding Women's Land Rights: Towards equity and climate justice
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Shadrack, Naomi and Chakma, Trimita
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Gender ,Rights ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Droits - Abstract
This policy paper provides a critical examination of international commitments on women's land rights, evaluating progress and persistent challenges. It scrutinizes commitments made through the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Generation Equality Forum (GEF) Action Coalitions, revealing a substantial disconnect between ambitions and implementation., Ce document d’orientation révèle l’urgence d’un changement transformateur pour garantir des droits fonciers équitables aux femmes et aux communautés marginalisées. En formulant des recommandations pour un large éventail de parties prenantes et en analysant les facteurs macroéconomiques à travers un prisme féministe, nous souhaitons stimuler le dialogue et contribuer à un avenir plus équitable et durable pour tou·tes.
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- 2023
3. Surviving Deterrence: How US asylum deterrence policies normalize gender-based violence
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Duvisac, Sara and Sullivan, Irena
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Gender ,Humanitarian - Abstract
Migrants and asylum seekers often flee unspeakable acts of gender-based violence (GBV) at home such as human trafficking, sexual assault, sexual slavery, kidnapping, harassment, and other trauma. In trying to seek safety in the US, many endure further atrocities and exploitation at the US-Mexico border., Drawing on interviews and surveys of social and legal service providers working at the US southern border, this report documents how migrants and asylum seekers experience gender-based harm in two different but related ways as a consequence of seeking safe haven in the US. This report focuses on the experiences of women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) individuals.
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- 2023
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4. Climate Finance Shadow Report 2023: Assessing the delivery of the $100 billion commitment
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Zagema, Bertram, Kowalzig, Jan, Walsh, Lyndsay, Hattle, Andrew, Roy, Christopher, and Dejgaard, Hans Peter
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Aid ,Climate change ,Economics ,Gender ,Inequality ,Aide ,Changement climatique ,Économie ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Inégalités - Abstract
In 2009, high-income countries committed in the Copenhagen Accords to mobilize US$100 billion a year by 2020 in climate finance for low- and middle-income countries. Oxfam reported on the progress of this commitment in 2016, 2018 and 2020. This year’s report finds that high-income countries have not only failed to deliver on their commitment, but also – as in previous years – generous accounting practices have allowed them to overstate the level of support they have actually provided. Moreover, much of the finance has been provided as loans, which means that it risks increasing the debt burden of the countries it is supposed to help., This paper calls on high-income countries to accelerate the mobilization and provision of climate finance, and to make up the shortfall from previous years, in a way that is equitable and just. High-income countries must provide finance that is transparent, with genuine accountability mechanisms, and that allows for far more local ownership and responsiveness to the needs of communities it is intended to reach. People on the frontlines of the climate crisis must have the funding they were promised for adaptation and mitigation, and to address the loss and damage they are already experiencing as a result of climate impacts., En 2009, les pays à revenu élevé se sont engagés par le biais de l’Accord de Copenhague à mobiliser 100 milliards de dollars par an avant 2020 dans le cadre du financement climat pour les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. Oxfam a rendu compte de la progression dans la réalisation de cet engagement en 2016, 2018 et 2020. Cette dernière édition du rapport révèle que les pays à revenu élevé ont non seulement manqué à leur engagement, mais ils ont, au cours des années précédentes, recouru à des pratiques comptables généreuses leur ayant permis de surestimer le niveau de soutien qu’ils apportent en réalité. De plus, une grande partie des financements ont été fournis sous forme de prêts, au risque d’augmenter le poids de la dette des pays qu’ils sont censés aider., Ce rapport appelle les pays à revenu élevé à accélérer la mobilisation et la fourniture des financements climat ainsi qu’à compenser les lacunes des années précédentes, de manière équitable et juste. Les pays à revenu élevé doivent fournir des financements transparents, s’articulant autour de véritables mécanismes de redevabilité, pour une plus grande appropriation locale et une bien meilleure réactivité aux besoins des communautés visées. Les populations se trouvant en première ligne de la crise climatique doivent impérativement recevoir le financement promis afin de faire face à l’adaptation et à l’atténuation et compenser les pertes et dommages découlant déjà des impacts climatiques.
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- 2023
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5. The Assault of Austerity: How prevailing economic policy choices are a form of gender-based violence
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Abed, Dana and Kelleher, Fatimah
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Economics ,Gender ,Inequality ,Économie ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Inégalités - Abstract
This briefing paper argues that austerity measures are a form of gender-based violence against women, girls and non-binary people, and lays out clear examples of how fiscal consolidation affects them. Its core argument is that ending austerity must be a priority. The policies that deliver austerity’s deadly consequences can no longer be marketed as the ‘logical’ and ‘inevitable’ economic options that they have been for decades, and certainly not by any government that claims a commitment to gender equality or ending gender-based violence. Austerity takes away from those who need it most, while ignoring common-sense ways to improve both revenue and prosperity. The paper goes on to share feminist economic alternatives offer pathways that can protect the Majority World from completely avoidable suffering., Ce document d’information explique que les mesures d’austérité sont une forme de violence basée sur le genre à l’encontre des femmes, des filles et des personnes non binaires, et présente des exemples clairs de la manière dont la consolidation fiscale les affecte. Son principal propos : mettre un terme à l’austérité doit être une priorité. Les politiques d’austérité aux conséquences mortelles ne peuvent plus être présentées comme les options économiques « logiques » et « inévitables » qu’elles ont été pendant des décennies, et certainement pas par un État qui prétend s’engager en faveur de l’égalité de genre ou de la fin des violences basées sur le genre. L’austérité dépouille celles et ceux dont les besoins sont les plus criants, tout en tournant le dos aux moyens de bon sens qui permettraient d’améliorer les revenus et la prospérité. Les alternatives économiques féministes offrent des voies susceptibles de protéger le monde majoritaire10 d’une souffrance totalement évitable.
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- 2022
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6. Decolonize! What does it mean?
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Duvisac, Sara
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Aid ,Approach and methodology ,Gender ,Inequality ,Rights ,Aide ,Approche et méthodologie ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Inégalités ,Droits - Abstract
This document introduces the key concepts of decolonial theory that inform many current calls to decolonize. It provides examples from Latin America, Africa, and North America of how activists have envisioned or realized decolonial futures. These movements led by Indigenous Peoples, people of color, women, and queer people articulate and define the possibilities of decolonial futures., Since decolonial theory suggests multiple futures and not one single solution, this document does not address what decolonizing particular systems, such as international development, should look like. Rather, the document aims to introduce the reader to the tools of analysis that decolonial theory offers, give examples of decolonial theory in practice, and discuss some potential shortfalls of the decolonial framework., Ce document présente les principaux concepts de la théorie décoloniale sur lesquels s’appuient de nombreux discours actuels qui prônent la décolonisation. Grâce à des exemples tirés d’Amérique latine, d’Afrique et d’Amérique du Nord, il aborde la manière dont les militants ont envisagé ou réalisé des projets de futurs décoloniaux. Ces mouvements à l’initiative de peuples autochtones, de personnes racisées, de femmes et de personnes LGBT expriment et définissent les possibilités d’un avenir décolonial. Puisque la théorie décoloniale suggère des multiples alternatives au futur et non pas une solution unique, ce document ne propose pas de représentation de la décolonisation de systèmes particuliers, tel que le développement international. Ce document vise plutôt à présenter au lecteur les outils d’analyse que propose la théorie décoloniale. Il fournit des exemples de mise en pratique de la théorie décoloniale et analyse les potentielles lacunes du cadre décolonial.
- Published
- 2022
7. The Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index 2022
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Walker, Jo, Martin, Matthew, Seery, Emma, Abdo, Nabil, Kamande, Anthony, and Lawson, Max
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Aid ,Economics ,Education ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender ,Health ,Inequality ,Private sector ,Rights ,Aide ,Économie ,Éducation ,Alimentation et moyens de subsistance ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Santé ,Inégalités ,Secteur privé ,Droits - Abstract
The 2022 Commitment to Reducing Inequality (CRI) Index is the first detailed analysis published looking at governments’ policies and actions to fight inequality during the first two years of the pandemic. This fourth edition of the CRI Index reviews the spending, tax and labour policies and actions of 161 governments during 2020–2022., COVID-19 has increased inequality worldwide, as the poorest people were hit hardest by both the disease and its profound economic impacts. Yet the CRI 2022 Index shows clearly that most of the world’s governments failed to mitigate this dangerous rise in inequality. Despite the biggest global health emergency in a century, half of low-and lower-middle-income countries saw the share of health spending fall during the pandemic, half of the countries tracked by the CRI Index cut the share of social protection spending, 70% cut the share of education spending, while two-thirds of countries failed to increase their minimum wage in line with gross domestic product (GDP). Ninety-five percent of countries failed to increase taxation of the richest people and corporations. At the same time, a small group of governments from across the world bucked this trend, taking clear actions to combat inequality, putting the rest of the world to shame., See also the CRI Index website: www.inequalityindex.orgThe Index has been audited by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. Read more here., L’indice de l’engagement à la réduction des inégalités (ERI) 2022 est la première analyse détaillée publiée portant sur les politiques et les actions des gouvernements pour lutter contre les inégalités au cours des deux premières années de la pandémie. Cette analyse passe en revue les politiques et actions de 161 gouvernements en matière de dépenses, de fiscalité et de travail sur la période 2020-2022., La COVID-19 a creusé les inégalités dans le monde entier, les plus pauvres étant les plus durement touché·es par la maladie et ses profondes répercussions économiques. Pourtant, l’indice ERI 2022 montre clairement que la plupart des gouvernements du monde n’ont pas réussi à atténuer cette dangereuse augmentation des inégalités. Alors qu’il s’agit de la pire urgence sanitaire que le monde ait connue depuis un siècle, la moitié des pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure ont vu la part des dépenses de santé diminuer pendant la pandémie. La moitié des pays suivis par l’indice ERI ont réduit la part des dépenses de protection sociale, 70 % ont revu à la baisse la part des dépenses d’éducation, tandis que deux tiers des pays n’ont pas augmenté leur salaire minimum en fonction du produit intérieur brut (PIB). 95 % des pays n’ont pas augmenté l’imposition des personnes et des sociétés les plus riches. Dans le même temps, quelques gouvernements dans différentes parties du monde se sont démarqués de cette tendance en prenant des mesures claires pour lutter contre les inégalités, couvrant de honte le reste du monde.
- Published
- 2022
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8. Women, Voice and Power: How transformative feminist leadership is challenging inequalities and the root causes of extreme vulnerability
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Brown, Emily
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Gender ,Inequality ,Rights - Abstract
The evidence can no longer be ignored: when women and feminist activists are able to use their collective power to challenge inequalities, they are having a transformational impact. From women’s rights organizations and movements breaking down harmful social norms, to political leaders advancing highly progressive policies, there is a growing body of evidence from feminist organizing across the world that when decisions are made more equally and inclusively, and are rooted in locally-owned, intersectional feminist movements and political agendas, they have immediate and long-term human development benefits for all. ‘It made us feel capable, knowledgeable, revolutionary...’ Young feminist activist, RootsLab
- Published
- 2021
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9. Because She Matters: Ensuring women’s meaningful participation in peacebuilding in Afghanistan
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Kamminga, Jorrit, Boswinkel, Lotje, and Göth, Tamara
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Conflict and disasters ,Gender - Abstract
While intra-Afghan talks have started, sustainable peace is still a distant reality in Afghanistan. Ongoing peace efforts ignore women’s meaningful participation: women are included in only one in every five meetings. Evidence shows that when women have a meaningful role in peace negotiations, peace is more sustainable. Afghan and international actors must stress the importance of including women in all stages of formal and informal talks at national and local levels., This research paper uses the seven modalities of the Broadening Participation framework to identify practical ways to include Afghan women meaningfully and pave the way for inclusive peacebuilding.
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- 2020
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10. Negotiating Consent: Lessons in defending the right to decide
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Sellwood, Scott A.
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Gender ,Natural resources ,Private sector - Abstract
Indigenous peoples have long asserted and defended their rights and customary land tenures against the unlawful enclosure of their territories. Yet, despite normative recognition of the right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC)—and public commitments by major multinational companies, international financial institutions, and global banks to apply the standard of consent—power imbalances continue to undermine the quality of agreements being reached., Negotiating Consent distills lessons from Oxfam’s work defending community consent in Peru. Drawing on research published by Oxfam partners in Peru—Cooperacción, Organización Nacional de Mujeres Indígenas (ONAMIAP) and Pueblos Indígenas Amazónicas Unidas en Defensa de Sus Territorios (PUINAMUDT), which have published research examining the politics and practices of the implementation of this law—it seeks to contribute to collective thinking around ways to improve the implementation of FPIC processes, processes that are manifestly political., With land inequality worsening, land grabbing continuing unabated, and basic environmental and social protections being rolled back, upholding the standard of consent is more important than ever. It is time companies, investors, and others look beyond paper commitments and take the steps necessary to ensure quality agreements are reached with Indigenous peoples and are maintained across the life of projects.
- Published
- 2021
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11. Transformative Leadership for Women's Rights: Oxfam's global framework
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Wakefield, Shawna, Friedman, Michelle, and Kundu, Sudarsana
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Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Inequality ,Rights - Abstract
The Transformative Leadership for Women’s Rights working group of Oxfam International is proud to present a new Global Program Framework. The Framework was developed to help us deliver our strategic ambition on Transformative Leadership for Women’s Rights (TLWR). This Framework has been developed both to support colleagues wanting to integrate TLWR principles and approaches into programs and campaigns, as well as those developing stand-alone Gender Justice programs in support of TLWR. It is not intended to be the ‘rulebook’ for how Oxfam designs programs but rather what we hope will be a valuable guide and practical prompt for colleagues and partners seeking to start out or mature their program approach in this important area.
- Published
- 2021
12. Dangerous Delay 2: The cost of inaction
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Farr, Emily, Finnegan, Leah, Grace, Joanne, and Truscott, Mathew
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Aid ,Climate change ,Conflict and disasters ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender ,Health ,Humanitarian ,Aide ,Changement climatique ,Conflits et catastrophes ,Alimentation et moyens de subsistance ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Santé ,Travail humanitaire - Abstract
In 2011, Somalia experienced a devastating famine that killed over a quarter of a million people. Afterwards, leaders in the region made a commitment to end drought emergencies by 2022. The international community sought to ensure that there would be no repeat of the failures that led to famine. Next time, the world would heed the warnings and act early to avoid the crisis. But despite various warnings and alarms over the past two years, the commitment to anticipatory action has proven half-hearted. We are once again responding too late and with too little to avert the crisis., In this follow-up to their 2012 briefing A Dangerous Delay, Oxfam and Save the Children, supported by the Jameel Observatory, examine what has changed and what has not in the humanitarian system since 2011. They explain how it must evolve in order to enable and fully fund anticipatory action. With the climate crisis set to deepen, the current system must change quickly in order to meet the challenges we face in the years ahead., En 2011, la Somalie a connu une famine particulièrement dévastatrice, qui a coûté la vie à plus de 250 000 personnes. À son terme, les dirigeant·es de la région se sont engagé·es à mettre un terme aux situations d’urgence liées à la sécheresse avant 2022. La communauté internationale voulait s’assurer que les erreurs qui ont conduit à la famine ne se répéteraient pas. La prochaine fois, le monde tiendrait compte des mises en garde et agirait avant l’heure pour éviter ce genre de crise. Pourtant, même si la sonnette d’alarme a été tirée à plusieurs reprises ces deux dernières années, les initiatives visant à tenir cette promesse restent timorées. Une fois de plus, nous réagissons trop tard et avec trop peu de moyens pour éviter la crise., Dans cette suite apportée au document d’information Un retard dangereux publié en 2012, Oxfam et Save the Children se sont associées à l’Observatoire Jameel pour passer en revue ce qui a changé ou non dans le système humanitaire depuis 2011. Elles expliquent les évolutions nécessaires pour financer entièrement l’action anticipée et la favoriser. La crise climatique étant amenée à s’aggraver, le système doit évoluer rapidement si nous voulons faire face aux défis qui se profilent au cours des prochaines années.
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- 2022
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13. Inequality Kills: The unparalleled action needed to combat unprecedented inequality in the wake of COVID-19
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Ahmed, Nabil, Marriott, Anna, Dabi, Nafkote, Lowthers, Megan, Lawson, Max, and Mugehera, Leah
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Economics ,Education ,Gender ,Health ,Inequality ,Économie ,Éducation ,Gouvernance et citoyenneté ,Santé ,Inégalités - Abstract
The wealth of the world's 10 richest men has doubled since the pandemic began. The incomes of 99% of humanity are worse off because of COVID-19. Widening economic, gender, and racial inequalities—as well as the inequality that exists between countries—are tearing our world apart. This is not by chance, but choice: “economic violence” is perpetrated when structural policy choices are made for the richest and most powerful people. This causes direct harm to us all, and to the poorest people, women and girls, and racialized groups most. Inequality contributes to the death of at least one person every four seconds. But we can radically redesign our economies to be centered on equality. We can claw back extreme wealth through progressive taxation; invest in powerful, proven inequality-busting public measures; and boldly shift power in the economy and society. If we are courageous, and listen to the movements demanding change, we can create an economy in which nobody lives in poverty, nor with unimaginable billionaire wealth—in which inequality no longer kills., Depuis le début de la pandémie, la fortune des dix hommes les plus riches au monde a doublé. 99 % de l’humanité a des revenus moins importants que prévu à cause de la COVID-19. L’augmentation des inégalités économiques, de race et de genre, ainsi que les inégalités entre pays, fragmentent notre monde. Ceci n’est pas le fruit du hasard, mais de décisions politiques délibérées : une « violence économique » s’opère lorsque les choix de politiques structurelles sont faits pour les personnes les plus riches et les plus puissantes. Ces choix nous affectent toutes et tous, en particulier les personnes les plus pauvres, les femmes et les filles et les groupes racisés. Les inégalités contribuent à la mort d’au moins une personne toutes les quatre secondes. Mais nous pouvons repenser nos économies de façon radicale afin de faire de l’égalité notre priorité. Nous pouvons nous attaquer à la concentration extrême des richesses grâce à une fiscalité progressive ; investir dans des mesures publiques luttant contre les inégalités et repenser la distribution du pouvoir dans l’économie et la société. Si nous agissons avec courage et que nous écoutons les mouvements appelant au changement, nous pourrons construire une économie dans laquelle personne ne vit dans la pauvreté alors même qu’une autre personne peut amasser des milliards, une économie dans laquelle les inégalités ne tuent plus.
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- 2022
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14. Shelter from the Storm: The global need for universal social protection in times of COVID-19
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Marcos Barba, Liliana, van Regenmortel, Hilde, and Ehmke, Ellen
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Aid ,Economics ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender ,Health ,Inequality ,Resilience ,Rights - Abstract
As 2020 draws to a close, the economic devastation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shows no sign of abating. Without urgent action, global poverty and inequality will deepen dramatically. Hundreds of millions of people have already lost their jobs, gone further into debt or skipped meals for months. Research by Oxfam and Development Pathways shows that over 2 billion people have had no support from their governments in their time of need. Our analysis shows that none of the social protection support to those who are unemployed, elderly people, children and families provided in low- and middle-income countries has been adequate to meet basic needs. 41% of that government support was only a one-off payment and almost all government support has now stopped., Decades of social policy focused on tiny levels of means-tested support have left most countries completely unprepared for the COVID-19 economic crisis. Yet, countries such as South Africa and Bolivia have shown that a universal approach to social protection is affordable, and that it has a profound impact on reducing inequality and protecting those who need it most., In addition to the full paper and executive summary, an Excel file with the data analysed by Oxfam and Development Pathways is available to download on this page, along with an annex on the crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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- 2020
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15. The Ignored Pandemic: The Dual Crises of Gender-Based Violence and COVID-19
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Harvey, Rowan
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Gender ,Inequality ,Rights ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Inégalités ,Droits - Abstract
Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a global pandemic existing in all social groups across the globe, yet it has largely been ignored in the COVID-19 response and recovery plans., It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified GBV, including domestic violence and intimate partner violence amongst other forms of violations, but the investments in GBV prevention and response are dramatically inadequate, with just 0.0002% of the overall COVID-19 response funding opportunities going into it. Barriers to achieving gender justice, such as harmful social norms, continue to exist, but progress made since the start of the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign show that there are solutions, and feminist activism has been a driving force for progress on eliminating gender-based violence., Les violences basées sur le genre (VBG) constituent une autre pandémie qui touche tous les groupes sociaux, dans le monde entier. Elles ont pourtant été en grande partie omises des plans de réponse à la COVID-19 et des plans de reprise., Il est évident que la pandémie de COVID-19 a intensifié les VBG, dont les violences domestiques et les violences au sein du couple, mais les investissements dédiés à la prévention des VBG et à la réponse à ces violences se sont révélés profondément inadaptés, ne représentant que 0,0002 % des fonds consacrés à la réponse au coronavirus. Les obstacles à la justice de genre, et notamment les normes sociales toxiques, persistent, mais les progrès réalisés depuis le lancement de la campagne de 16 jours d’action contre les violences basées sur le genre prouvent que des solutions existent, et que l’activisme féministe peut conduire à l’élimination des violences basées sur le genre
- Published
- 2021
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16. Care Policy Scorecard: A tool for assessing country progress towards an enabling policy environment on care
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Butt, Anam Parvez, Parkes, Amber, Castro Bernandini, Maria Del Rosario, Paz Arauco, Veronica, Sharmishtha, Nanda, and Seghaier, Roula
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Gender ,Inequality - Abstract
Care work needs to be recognized, shared and invested in now more than ever given that progress on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 - Achieve Gender Equality – is behind target and COVID-19 has created additional challenges with increases in care work, poverty and precariousness that could reverse gains made in gender equality and poverty reduction. Tools that can enable countries to monitor and track progress and hold governments to account on these commitments are critically needed as countries rebuild their economies and address the fallouts from the pandemic. The Care Policy Scorecard provides a practical tool to assess and track the extent to which government policies related to care are adopted, budgeted for and implemented, and the extent to which they have a transformative effect on care. It can be used at the national or sub-national level. The Scorecard is intended to be used by civil society, government and academia alike. Whether you are a policy maker, work for an NGO or are a researcher, the Scorecard allows you to carry out an assessment of the care public policy environment in your country to understand where there is positive progress, and where there are gaps and room for improvement.
- Published
- 2021
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17. Tienen los impuestos alguna influencia en las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres?
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Itriago, Déborah and Rodríguez, Corina
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Gender ,Inequality - Abstract
Desde la perspectiva de la Economía Feminista la política fiscal, así como cualquier otra política, produce efectos e impactos diferentes en las vidas de las mujeres y los hombres dado que se diseña y actúa sobre contextos aún muy marcados por estereotipos de género: ideas preconcebidas sobre el rol del hombre (el proveedor de ingresos del hogar) y la mujer (la que cuida del hogar y sus miembros) en la sociedad. Esto último es lo que se ha denominado formalmente "división sexual del trabajo"., Ante la falta de análisis de los sistemas tributarios desde la perspectiva de género, este documento se constituye en un aporte limitado, pero relevante, a dos países de Centroamérica (Guatemala y Honduras) y a República Dominicana. El documento busca mostrar las implicaciones de género del diseño de la política tributaria enfocándose en aspectos que puedan perjudicar la autonomía económica de las mujeres. A partir de esto se proponen recomendaciones para transformar la política tributaria en un instrumento que ayude al combate de algunas desigualdades que afectan a las mujeres., From the perspective of feminist economics, fiscal policies – like any other type of policy – affect the lives of women and men differently, given that they are designed and implemented in contexts that are still heavily shaped by gender stereotypes. These stereotypes are preconceived ideas on the roles of men (as providers of household income) and women (as caretakers of the household and its members) in society. This is what is formally known as 'the sexual division of labour'., Against the backdrop of a lack of analysis of tax systems from the perspective of gender, this report is a limited, but relevant, contribution covering two Central American countries (Guatemala and Honduras), as well as the Dominican Republic. The report seeks to demonstrate the gendered implications of how tax systems are designed, focusing on identifying aspects of taxation that can damage women's economic autonomy. It also offers recommendations for transforming tax policy as an instrument to help combat some of the inequalities affecting women.
- Published
- 2019
18. Adjusting the Lens: Latin American and Caribbean fiscal policies from a gender perspective
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Coello, Raquel, Itriago, Déborah, and Salamanca, Diana
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Economics ,Gender - Abstract
By examining Latin American and Caribbean fiscal policies from a gender perspective, this discussion paper suggests that further study is necessary of the biases, both explicit and implicit, of fiscal systems that serve to reinforce traditional roles of women in society., Many modern fiscal policies are based on the idea that there is a male breadwinner in every home, and that he is the one interacting economically with the market and the state. These fiscal policies may therefore be reinforcing a gendered division of labour between women and men, fostering inequalities and operating as obstacles to the development and realization of women’s potential., Currently only available in Spanish.
- Published
- 2014
19. Derecho a Vivir Sin Bloqueo: Impactos de las sanciones de Estados Unidos en la población cubana y la vida de las mujeres
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Domínguez Mederos, Ernesto Fidel and Gorry, Conner
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Economics ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender ,Health ,Rights ,Trade - Abstract
Derecho a vivir sin bloqueo… revela impactos en la población cubana de casi seis décadas de sanciones puestas en vigor por sucesivos Gobiernos estadounidenses. Se centra sobre todo en la dimensión humana del diferendo, por lo que recoge testimonios sobre el significado del bloqueo en la cotidianidad de quienes viven en Cuba, fundamentalmente de mujeres, pero se incluyen también datos históricos e información sobre las políticas aplicadas. Con una crisis sanitaria global, es más urgente un cambio de esa política estadounidense hacia Cuba, por lo que Oxfam llama a normalizar las relaciones entre ambos países., Right to Live without a Blockade reveals the impact of nearly six decades of sanctions imposed by successive US governments on the Cuban population. It focuses on the human dimensions, presenting testimonies that illustrate the consequences of the blockade on the daily lives of those in Cuba, women in particular. The report also includes historical data and information on the measures applied. In the context of a global pandemic, it is more urgent than ever to change this US policy toward Cuba. Oxfam calls for the normalization of US-Cuba relations.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. Shining a Spotlight: A critical assessment of food and beverage companies' delivery of sustainability commitments
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Fawcett, Emma and Zweben, Suzanne
- Subjects
Climate change ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender ,Inequality ,Private sector ,Rights - Abstract
From 2013 to 2016, Oxfam's Behind the Brands campaign called on the world’s 10 biggest food and beverage companies to adopt stronger social and environmental sourcing policies and spurred significant commitments on women’s empowerment, land rights and climate change. Now, as the coronavirus pandemic worsens inequality and food insecurity around the world, we assess whether the companies have taken meaningful steps to implement the commitments they made in response to the campaign., In this report we find that while companies have taken action at the global level, progress stalls in translating those approaches to countries and through supply chains. There are positive examples and innovations happening in key sourcing countries. But key blockages must be addressed – including by providing the right incentives, disclosing suppliers and supporting suppliers to take up the agenda – to create change at scale.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Inequality Virus: Bringing together a world torn apart by coronavirus through a fair, just and sustainable economy
- Author
-
Berkhout, Esmé, Galasso, Nick, Lawson, Max, Rivero Morales, Pablo Andrés, Taneja, Anjela, and Vázquez Pimentel, Diego Alejo
- Subjects
Conflict and disasters ,Economics ,Education ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Health ,Humanitarian ,Inequality ,Private sector ,Rights ,Trade ,Conflits et catastrophes ,Économie ,Éducation ,Alimentation et moyens de subsistance ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Gouvernance et citoyenneté ,Santé ,Travail humanitaire ,Inégalités ,Secteur privé ,Droits ,Commerce - Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has the potential to lead to an increase in inequality in almost every country at once, the first time this has happened since records began. The virus has exposed, fed off and increased existing inequalities of wealth, gender and race. Over two million people have died, and hundreds of millions of people are being forced into poverty while many of the richest – individuals and corporations – are thriving. Billionaire fortunes returned to their pre-pandemic highs in just nine months, while recovery for the world’s poorest people could take over a decade. The crisis has exposed our collective frailty and the inability of our deeply unequal economy to work for all. Yet it has also shown us the vital importance of government action to protect our health and livelihoods. Transformative policies that seemed unthinkable before the crisis have suddenly been shown to be possible. There can be no return to where we were before. Instead, citizens and governments must act on the urgency to create a more equal and sustainable world., La pandémie de coronavirus pourrait aggraver les inégalités dans la quasitotalité des pays de la planète simultanément, une première depuis que ce type de données est consigné. Le virus a mis au jour et amplifié les inégalités de richesse, les inégalités de genre et les inégalités raciales existantes, tout en s’en nourrissant. Plus de deux millions de personnes ont perdu la vie, et des centaines de millions de personnes basculent dans la pauvreté alors que bon nombre des entreprises et des particuliers les plus riches prospèrent. Les milliardaires ont retrouvé le niveau de richesse qui était le leur avant la pandémie en seulement neuf mois, alors qu’il faudra plus de dix ans aux personnes les plus pauvres pour se relever des impacts économiques du coronavirus. La crise a mis au jour notre fragilité collective, ainsi que l’incapacité de notre économie profondément inégale à œuvrer dans l’intérêt de toutes et tous. Elle nous a également démontré l’importance cruciale de l’intervention des gouvernements dans la protection de notre santé et de nos moyens de subsistance. Des politiques transformatrices qui semblaient inenvisageables avant la crise se sont soudain révélées possibles. Le retour au monde d’avant n’est pas une option. Au lieu de cela, les citoyen-ne-s et les gouvernements doivent se mobiliser autour de l’urgence de créer un monde plus égalitaire et plus durable
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Breaking the Mould: Changing belief systems and gender norms to eliminate violence against women
- Author
-
Ruiz, Damaris and Garrido, Anabel
- Subjects
Gender - Abstract
In Latin America and the Caribbean, 1831 women died at the hands of men in 2016, and three out of ten women have suffered male violence during their lives. In recent years, countries in the region have made significant progress in tackling the problem by adopting national laws to protect women. This legislative progress is a significant step forward, but gaps in implementation allow a culture of impunity for men who commit violence against women and girls. Without adequate financing and effective means to prevent, report and punish violence against women, the problem will not go away., This report provides insights into the prevalence of belief systems and gender norms among young women and men in the region. It looks in depth at the most entrenched beliefs and behaviours among the younger population and provides ample evidence that we must challenge and change the prevailing belief systems and gender norms if we are to make real progress in guaranteeing the right of all women and girls to a life free from violence.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Power, Profits and the Pandemic: From corporate extraction for the few to an economy that works for all
- Author
-
Gneiting, Uwe, Lusiani, Nicholas, and Tamir, Irit
- Subjects
Economics ,Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Health ,Inequality ,Private sector ,Rights ,Trade - Abstract
The worsening inequality crisis triggered by COVID-19 is fuelled by an economic model that has allowed some of the world’s largest corporations to funnel billions of dollars in profits to shareholders giving yet another windfall to the world’s top billionaires, a small group of mostly white men. At the same time, it has left low wage workers and women to pay the price of the pandemic without social or financial protection. Since the onset of the pandemic, large corporations have put profits before workers’ safety, pushed costs down the supply chain and used their political influence to shape policy responses. COVID-19 should be the catalyst for radically reining in corporate power, restructuring business models with purpose and rewarding all those that work with profits, creating an economy for all.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Gender Perspectives On The Global Economic Crisis
- Author
-
King, Richard and Sweetman, Caroline
- Subjects
Gender - Abstract
The economic crisis continues to affect many women and men living in poverty. But how these effects are felt depends, to a large extent, on their relationships with the people and institutions with whom they interact. These relationships are profoundly different for women and men. Unemployment hits poor families hard, regardless of whether it is a man or woman who is laid off. But the chances of a family recovering from this setback is shaped by the different levels of bargaining power that women and men have in the labour market, and their different responsibilities at home. The gender inequalities and power imbalances that predate the current crisis have resulted in its additional afflictions falling disproportionately on those who are already structurally disempowered and marginalised. Although often labelled 'coping strategies', the means women find to respond to crises are frequently unsustainable, and are more appropriately conceived of as 'desperation measures'. Pre-existing inequalities, which include under-representation of women at all levels of economic decision making and their over-representation in informal, vulnerable, and casual employment, are often more significant than gender inequalities arising specifically from the crisis.This paper summarises the issues raised during a workshop of development and gender practitioners and academics, convened in September 2009, by the international journal Gender & Development, published by Oxfam.
- Published
- 2010
25. Time to Care: Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis
- Author
-
Coffey, Clare, Espinoza Revollo, Patricia, Harvey, Rowan, Lawson, Max, Parvez Butt, Anam, Piaget, Kim, Sarosi, Diana, Thekkudan, Julie, and Seery, Emma
- Subjects
Economics ,Gender ,Inequality ,Économie ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Inégalités - Abstract
Economic inequality is out of control. In 2019, the world’s billionaires, only 2,153 people, had more wealth than 4.6 billion people., This great divide is based on a flawed and sexist economic system that values the wealth of the privileged few, mostly men, more than the billions of hours of the most essential work – the unpaid and underpaid care work done primarily by women and girls around the world. Tending to others, cooking, cleaning and fetching water and firewood are essential daily tasks for the wellbeing of societies, communities and the functioning of the economy. The heavy and unequal responsibility of care work perpetuates gender and economic inequalities., This has to change. Governments around the world must act now to build a human economy that is feminist and values what truly matters to society, rather than fuelling an endless pursuit of profit and wealth. Investing in national care systems to address the disproportionate responsibility for care work done by women and girls and introducing progressive taxation, including taxing wealth and legislating in favour of carers, are possible and crucial first steps., Time to Care online report summary, Learn more about the WE-Care programme, Les inégalités économiques échappent à tout contrôle. En 2019, les milliardaires du monde entier, c’est à dire seulement 2 153 personnes, se partageaient plus de richesses que 4,6 milliards de personnes. Ce clivage profond s’appuie sur un système économique sexiste et injuste qui valorise davantage la richesse d’une minorité privilégiée, constituée d’hommes principalement, plutôt que les milliards d’heures de travail de soin – non rémunéré ou peu rémunéré - des femmes et des filles dans le monde. Prendre soin des autres, cuisiner, nettoyer, aller chercher de l’eau et du bois de chauffage sont des tâches essentielles au bien-être des sociétés et des communautés ainsi qu’au bon fonctionnement d’une économie. La responsabilité lourde et inégale du travail de soin perpétue les inégalités économiques et de genre., Il est temps que cela change. Les gouvernements du monde entier doivent agir maintenant afin de construire une économie centrée sur l’humain qui défend des valeurs féministes et valorise ce qui est réellement important pour la société, plutôt que d’alimenter une course sans fin au profit et à la richesse. Des solutions existent et il y a urgence à les mettre en place : investir dans des systèmes de soin afin de répartir plus équitablement le travail de soin effectué aujourd’hui par les femmes et les filles et mettre en place une fiscalité plus juste et progress.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Women Defenders of Agricultural, Territorial, and Environmental Rights in Colombia: Risking their lives for peace
- Author
-
San Pedro, Paula
- Subjects
Gender ,Natural resources ,Rights - Abstract
In Colombia, the women who defend their land, their culture, and the environment are being threatened, harassed, and sometimes even murdered. Since the Peace Agreement was signed, their territories have become highly desirable property. While defenders try to preserve these territories, armed groups are prepared to kill for them. These women are true peace builders, but the State provides them with barely any protection. If urgent measures are not taken, their lives are in grave danger.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Power of Education to Fight Inequality: How increasing educational equality and quality is crucial to fighting economic and gender inequality
- Author
-
Walker, Jo, Pearce, Caroline, Boe, Kira, and Lawson, Max
- Subjects
Education ,Gender ,Inequality ,Private sector - Abstract
A good-quality public education is liberating for individuals. It can also be an equalizer within society. This report shows the unparalleled power of public education to tackle growing inequality and bring us closer together. To achieve this, education must be both of good quality and equitable; it should be free, universal, adequately funded, with well-supported teachers, and accountable public oversight. Fairer taxation of the wealthiest can help pay for it.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Women in Conflict Zones
- Author
-
San Pedro, Paula
- Subjects
Conflict and disasters ,Gender - Abstract
No-one can escape the devastating grip of war. For women, it can mark a point of no return. But it can also be a door to new opportunities. Through examples from Iraq, the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Yemen, this report analyses the impact war and occupation have had on the lives of women., Oxfam Intermón (Spain) shows in this report how Spain can play a key role in helping to prevent conflict and championing the protection and participation of women. It calls on the Spanish government to deliver on its commitment to gender equality.
- Published
- 2019
29. Public Good or Private Wealth? Universal health, education and other public services reduce the gap between rich and poor, and between women and men
- Author
-
Chan, Man-Kwun, Parvez Butt, Anam, Marriott, Anna, Ehmke, Ellen, Jacobs, Didier, Seghers, Julie, Atienza, Jaime, Gowland, Rebecca, Lawson, Max, and Rhodes, Francesca
- Subjects
Economics ,Education ,Gender ,Health ,Inequality ,Private sector ,Économie ,Éducation ,Justice de genre et droits des femmes ,Santé ,Inégalités ,Secteur privé - Abstract
Our economy is broken, with hundreds of millions of people living in extreme poverty while huge rewards go to those at the very top., The number of billionaires has doubled since the financial crisis and their fortunes grow by $2.5bn a day, yet the super-rich and corporations are paying lower rates of tax than they have in decades. The human costs – children without teachers, clinics without medicines – are huge. Piecemeal private services punish poor people and privilege elites. Women suffer the most, and are left to fill the gaps in public services with many hours of unpaid care., We need to transform our economies to deliver universal health, education and other public services. To make this possible, the richest people and corporations should pay their fair share of tax. This will drive a dramatic reduction in the gap between rich and poor and between women and men., Check out the interactive online version of the report., Notre économie est défaillante : des centaines de millions de personnes vivent dans l’extrême pauvreté alors que d’immenses richesses sont concentrées dans les mains d’une minorité., Le nombre de milliardaires a doublé depuis la crise financière et leur fortune augmente chaque jour de 2,5 milliards de dollars. Or, les élites fortunées et les grandes entreprises bénéficient des taux d’imposition les plus bas de ces dernières décennies. Les coûts humains (des enfants sans enseignant-e-s, des cliniques sans médicaments) sont considérables et ce sont les plus pauvres qui en payent le prix. Les femmes en souffrent particulièrement, contraintes de combler des services publics insuffisants par de nombreuses heures de travail de soin non rémunéré., Nous devons transformer nos économies pour garantir l’universalité de l’accès à la santé, à l’éducation et à d’autres services publics. Pour cela, les entreprises et les plus riches doivent payer leur juste part d'impôts. Cela permettra de réduire considérablement l’écart entre les riches et les pauvres et entre les femmes et les hommes.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Small Farmers, Big Change: Lessons from Oxfam's agricultural programmes: An overview
- Author
-
Baden, Sally and Harvey, Claire
- Subjects
Food and livelihoods ,Gender - Abstract
Oxfam's Global Agricultural Scale Up Initiative (GASUI) was launched in 2005 with the aims of reducing poverty for millions of smallholder farmers, particularly women; driving economic growth by linking farmers into new and wider market opportunities; and advocating for increased donor, government, and private sector investment to support smallholder farming. For Oxfam, 'scale-up' refers to increasing both the reach and quality of Oxfam's agricultural programming and thereby demonstrating to governments, donors, and development actors how agriculture can contribute to economic development and poverty reduction. The initiative's main strategy is to empower smallholder farmers to organize and engage effectively and equitably in agricultural markets and value chains. This overview is the first of nine Programme Insights papers in the 'Small Farmers, Big Change' series contained in this volume. The papers draw on learning from GASUI and on wider learning from Oxfam GB's agricultural markets-based programming, as well as from programmes implemented by Oxfam India.
- Published
- 2011
31. Advocacy and National Elections: Women's political participation in Honduras
- Author
-
Matheu, Maite
- Subjects
Gender ,Governance and citizenship - Abstract
This paper discusses Oxfam's advocacy work in Honduras on women's political rights, and women's leadership and empowerment in the political sphere. Beginning with an overview of the constraints that women face if they wish to participate in politics, the paper then goes on to discuss Oxfam's advocacy and campaigning activities during and after the 2005 election period. These include lobbying and advocacy on political reform, campaigning to encourage people to consider voting for female candidates, and promoting women's leadership and political empowerment.
- Published
- 2011
32. Girls' Education in Africa
- Author
-
Gibson, Sam
- Subjects
Education ,Gender - Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has some huge problems to resolve if it is to achieve gender equality in education, and fulfil the Millennium Development Goals related to education and gender. Conversely, the region also has some of the most innovative and enterprising examples of initiatives that promote gender equality in education. This paper focuses on sub-Saharan Africa and considers some of the most significant obstacles that African girls face in achieving the education that is their right. The paper then reviews the most significant initiatives - those that are 'gender-neutral' and those that have a specific focus on gender equality - that have enabled African countries to overcome these obstacles.
- Published
- 2011
33. Gender Equality and Adult Basic Education
- Subjects
Education ,Gender ,Health - Abstract
This paper highlights the fact that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) do not directly address the issue of adult basic education and literacy, in spite of these being essential for achieving the Millennium targets. It explores the potential of adult basic education with gender equality to be transformatory for individuals, and for groups working to address key issues, such as gender-based violence, and HIV/AIDS. The role of governments and other key agencies in relation to gender equality and adult basic education is also explored. The paper concludes with a discussion of how to develop longer-term approaches to gender equality, adult basic education, and literacy.
- Published
- 2011
34. Beyond Access for Girls and Boys: How to achieve good-quality, gender-equitable education
- Subjects
Education ,Gender - Abstract
This is the first of nine papers in a series on Education and Gender Equality, which have been developed from the work of the Beyond Access: Gender, Education, and Development, project.1 The focus of the series is on how to ensure not only equal access to a basic education for boys and girls, but that gender equality is a key part of the practice of that education. With greater numbers of girls enrolling in schooling, much needs to be done to ensure good quality education for all children. How can NGOs, policy-makers, and researchers work together to ensure that all girls and boys have access to an education that is equitable and of good quality, and to ensure that they develop the knowledge and skills they need to achieve what they want for their lives? This introductory paper frames the issues and challenges to be faced in achieving gender equality and quality Education For All (EFA). These issues and challenges are taken up in more detail in subsequent papers.
- Published
- 2011
35. Beyond the Mainstream: Education for nomadic and pastoralist girls and boys
- Subjects
Education ,Gender - Abstract
This paper illustrates the challenges involved in providing good-quality gender-equitable education for children who are beyond the reach of mainstream, formal education. It focuses on children of nomadic and pastoralist households, identifying specific issues in providing schooling for them, and drawing on lessons from approaches and initiatives by various agencies (government and non-government). The paper explores specific forms of discrimination that nomadic and pastoralist girls experience in relation to education, and highlights the need for deeper gender analysis in order to inform policy making.
- Published
- 2011
36. A Life with Dignity: Honduran women raising voices to improve labour standards
- Author
-
Arita, Juan-Carlos
- Subjects
Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Rights - Abstract
This paper shows how CODEMUH (Colectiva de Mujeres Hondureñas), a grassroots women’s collective in Honduras, mobilised a popular movement around labour rights in the country’s textile factories, or maquilas. Focusing on occupational health, CODEMUH ran a campaign which included research, training, and advocacy workshops for the women themselves, building alliances locally, nationally, and internationally, and involving key journalists and the media. The paper explains the challenges and the strategies used to overcome them. It also outlines the lessons learned when women have greater capacity to advocate for changes in policy and practice at corporate and national levels.
- Published
- 2011
37. The Right to be Heard: An overview
- Author
-
Rowlands, Jo
- Subjects
Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Rights - Abstract
This paper is part of set of 12 in a series drawing on Oxfam GB’s global programme of work on the theme of ‘the right to be heard’. The focus of this series of papers is on how the right to be heard can strengthen the participation of people in poverty in formulating public policy, and enable them to hold decision-makers accountable. The other Oxfam themes are the right to a sustainable livelihood, the right to basic services, the right to life and security, and the right to equity. Together, these themes provide an integrated rights-based approach to Oxfam GB’s core purpose of overcoming poverty and suffering. The right to be heard is about the right to be an active participant in political processes; it is about being able to speak up and be listened to by those in power. Put a different way, it is about enabling people to actively draw on their civil and political rights to achieve their social, economic, and cultural rights. It is about finding ways to ensure that governance structures are responsive to the needs and wishes of poor people. These papers touch on some elements of how this can be achieved.
- Published
- 2011
38. Women's Leadership and Participation: Overview
- Author
-
Hoare, Joanna and Gell, Fiona
- Subjects
Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Rights - Abstract
The right to participate in decision-making at the local, national, and international level is one which women are often denied, whether as active citizens or as leaders. In particular, women living in poverty often have very little opportunity to influence decisions and policies that will have a direct influence on their lives and livelihoods, and on the welfare of themselves and their communities. This paper is part of a set of ten papers which bring together lessons and experience on women's leadership and participation from Oxfam GB and its partners.
- Published
- 2011
39. Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan
- Author
-
Kamminga, Jorrit, Durán, Cristina, and Giner Bou, Miguel Ángel
- Subjects
Gender ,Inequality ,Rights - Abstract
As part of Oxfam’s Strategic Partnership project ‘Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network’, the graphic story Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan was developed by Jorrit Kamminga, Cristina Durán and Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. The project is funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. The graphic story is part of a long-standing Oxfam campaign that supports the inclusion and meaningful participation of women in the Afghan police. The story portrays the struggles of a young woman from a rural village who wants to become a police officer., While a fictional character, Zahra’s story represents the aspirations and dreams of many young Afghan women who are increasingly standing up for their rights and equal opportunities, but who are still facing structural societal and institutional barriers. For young women like Zahra, there are still few role models and male champions to support their cause. Yet, as Oxfam’s project has shown, their number is growing, which contributes to small shifts in behaviour and perceptions, gradually normalizing women’s presence in the police force., If a critical mass of women within the police force can be reached and their participation increasingly becomes meaningful, this can reduce the societal and institutional resistance over time. Oxfam hopes the fictional character of Zahra can contribute to that in terms of awareness raising and the promotion of women’s participation in the police force., The story is also available on the #IMatter website.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Somali Solutions: Creating conditions for a gender-just peace
- Author
-
Rayale, Siham, Pomfret, Ed, and Wright, Deborah
- Subjects
Conflict and disasters ,Gender - Abstract
This report looks at Somali women's experiences with conflict, peace, violence, insecurity and state rebuilding. It uses an approach geared towards gender-just peace-building to understand the ways in which Somali women have fulfilled their role as agents of change, while navigating the challenges posed by women's exclusion from many forms of public life (government, civil society, universities, open markets etc). Interviews and focus groups have been used to illustrate diverse perspectives and to demonstrate that Somali women have always been principal agents of change and social transformation., The report's recommendations are an acknowledgement of the role Somali women have played throughout the course of Somali history, and continue to play today, in shaping the pathway towards greater participation for women across Somali regions, and the challenges they face in so doing.
- Published
- 2015
41. Market Access for Indigenous Women Producers in Guatemala
- Author
-
Viñuales, David
- Subjects
Food and livelihoods ,Gender - Abstract
With support, Mayan women are improving their agricultural production and their marketing skills to improve income and self-confidence.
- Published
- 2008
42. Women and the 1%: How extreme economic inequality and gender inequality must be tackled together
- Author
-
Rhodes, Francesca
- Subjects
Gender ,Inequality - Abstract
Recent decades have seen a dramatic rise in extreme economic inequality. Those at the top of the income scale have received a disproportionate share of the gains of global growth., This risks further entrenching gender inequality and funnelling the gains from women's labour to those already at the top. Too often women are in low paid, insecure work, carrying out the majority of unpaid care work without access to public services, made worse by the same processes driving extreme economic inequality., This paper sets out why efforts to tackle economic and gender inequality must go hand in hand. Drawing on research from around the world and the experiences of women in developing countries, it presents recommendations for governments and corporations to address the obstacles to full economic equality women still face.
- Published
- 2016
43. Trading Away Our Rights: Women working in global supply chains
- Author
-
Raworth, Kate
- Subjects
Gender ,Private sector ,Rights - Abstract
Though globalisation fuels valuable national export growth of many countries, women at the end of the supply chains of some of the world's most powerful companies do not receive a fair share of its benefits. Usually working as temporary workers working long hours without access to benefits, leaves, bonuses and sick pays, they struggle to provide for their families. The harsh reality faced by women workers in developing countries highlights one of the glaring failures of the current model of globalisation. Based on clear analysis of research results from various researchers within Oxfam International and partner organisations, this paper sets out clearly the need for fair trade and inclusive worker rights for women in particular across the global supply chain.
- Published
- 2004
44. Reward Work, Not Wealth: To end the inequality crisis, we must build an economy for ordinary working people, not the rich and powerful.
- Author
-
Alejo Vázquez Pimentel, Diego, Macías Aymar, Iñigo, and Lawson, Max
- Subjects
Economics ,Gender ,Inequality ,Private sector - Abstract
Last year saw the biggest increase in billionaires in history, one more every two days. This huge increase could have ended global extreme poverty seven times over. 82% of all wealth created in the last year went to the top 1%, and nothing went to the bottom 50%., Dangerous, poorly paid work for the many is supporting extreme wealth for the few. Women are in the worst work, and almost all the super-rich are men. Governments must create a more equal society by prioritizing ordinary workers and small-scale food producers instead of the rich and powerful.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Even it Up: Time to end extreme inequality
- Author
-
Seery, Emma and Caistor Arendar, Ana
- Subjects
Approach and methodology ,Gender ,Governance and citizenship ,Inequality - Abstract
Economic inequality has reached extreme levels. From Ghana to Germany, Italy to Indonesia, the gap between rich and poor is widening. In 2013, seven out of 10 people lived in countries where economic inequality was worse than 30 years ago, and in 2014 Oxfam calculated that just 85 people owned as much wealth as the poorest half of humanity., Extreme inequality corrupts politics and hinders economic growth., It exacerbates gender inequality, and causes a range of health and social problems. It stifles social mobility, keeping some families poor for generations, while others enjoy year after year of privilege. It fuels crime and even violent conflict. These corrosive consequences affect us all, but the impact is worst for the poorest people., In Even it Up: Time to end extreme inequality Oxfam presents new evidence that the gap between rich and poor is growing ever wider and is undermining poverty eradication., If India stopped inequality from rising, 90 million more men and women could be lifted out of extreme poverty by 2019., This report delves into the causes of the inequality crisis and looks at the concrete solutions that can overcome it. Drawing on case studies from around the world the report demonstrates the impact that rising inequality is having on rich and poor countries alike and explores the different ways that people and governments are responding to it., The world has woken up to the gap between the rich and rest. From Spain to South Africa, and Peru to Pakistan, people are already demanding a world that is fairer. This report supports a new campaign to join this growing movement to end extreme inequality and Even it Up.
- Published
- 2014
46. Resilience in Times of Food Insecurity: Reflecting on the experiences of women’s organizations
- Author
-
Ravon, Lauren
- Subjects
Conflict and disasters ,Food and livelihoods ,Gender - Abstract
This research report considers the perspectives of women’s organizations and their strategies in dealing with vulnerability to shocks and crises, and building resilience in a context of food insecurity. The report identifies what 21 women’s organizations across 10 countries consider to be the key threats to resilience, and draws lessons from their ways of working., Five chapters review the methodology of the research, explore definitions of resilience, consider threats to food security, and survey the learning from specific ways of working - all from the perspective of grassroots women’s organizations themselves. The report then offers focused conclusions and recommendations for action on how to build resilience from a gender and women’s rights perspective. The report includes a comprehensive description of the 21 women’s organizations in 10 countries which contributed to the project.
- Published
- 2014
47. Secure Insecurity: The continuing abuse of civilians in eastern DRC as the state extends its control
- Author
-
Deleu, Marijke
- Subjects
Conflict and disasters ,Approach and methodology ,Gender ,Governance and citizenship - Abstract
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) used to make international headlines for the conflict that has flared up repeatedly over the past 20 years. When the M23 rebel group was defeated in November 2013, there seemed to be a shift away from these repeated cycles of violence. The country appeared to be turning a corner into a post-conflict phase. However, new research presented in this briefing paper shows that citizens continue to experience widespread exploitation. In many areas they are still vulnerable to brutal violence from armed groups and in some cases from government, including the police, army and local officials. The challenge – how to consolidate the authority of the state, in a way that serves its people and ensures a lasting peace – remains a huge but vital priority.
- Published
- 2015
48. The G20 and Gender Equality: How the G20 can advance women's rights in employment, social protection and fiscal policies
- Author
-
Wakefield, Shawna
- Subjects
Gender ,Inequality - Abstract
Across G20 countries and beyond, women are paid less than men, do most of the unpaid labour, are over-represented in part-time work, and are discriminated against in the household, in markets and in institutions. In 2012 in the Los Cabos Declaration, G20 leaders committed to tackling the barriers to women’s full economic and social participation and to expanding opportunities for women in their countries., Oxfam and the Heinrich Böll Foundation support this commitment, and this paper calls on the G20 to assess its agenda and act on its commitments to women’s rights and gender equality. During the Australian presidency, the G20 has the chance to make good its promises for truly inclusive growth – working to make women more resilient to economic crises through gender-sensitive economic growth and gender-equal employment policies.
- Published
- 2014
49. Shifting Sands: Changing gender roles among refugees in Lebanon
- Author
-
Harvey, Claire, Garwood, Rosa, and El-Masri, Roula
- Subjects
Humanitarian ,Aid ,Conflict and disasters ,Approach and methodology ,Gender ,Health - Abstract
The conflict in Syria has created a humanitarian crisis, with almost two million people having fled to neighbouring countries in the hope of escaping the violence. Thousands of Syrian refugees continue to enter Lebanon each week, putting increasing pressure on the ability of host communities and aid agencies to provide them with support. The situation has created intense levels of stress for refugees, as in many cases they are forced to take on new responsibilities at odds with their traditional gendered social roles., In order to understand these changing roles, Oxfam and the ABAAD-Resource Centre for Gender Equality conducted a gender situation and vulnerability assessment among Syrian refugees and Palestinian refugees from Syria now living in Lebanon. The findings are presented in this report, which aims to contribute to an improved understanding of the gendered impact of the Syrian conflict and subsequent displacement on refugees now in Lebanon. The report concludes with detailed recommendations for development and humanitarian practitioners and donor agencies, to help them design and implement gender-sensitive programming that addresses these shifting gender roles and helps to minimize stress and tensions among refugee populations (at individual, household and community levels) and between refugee and host communities.
- Published
- 2013
50. An Economy that Works for Women: Achieving women’s economic empowerment in an increasingly unequal world
- Author
-
Rhodes, Francesca, Parvez, Anam, and Harvey, Rowan
- Subjects
Gender ,Inequality ,Rights - Abstract
Women’s economic empowerment could reduce poverty for everyone. In order to achieve it, we need to first fix the current broken economic model which is undermining gender equality and causing extreme economic inequality. The neoliberal model has made it harder for women to have better quality and better paid jobs, address inequality in unpaid care work, and women’s influence and decision making power is constrained. To achieve women’s economic empowerment, we need a human economy that works for women and men alike, and for everyone, not just the richest 1%.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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