Search

The elevenp apersa ssociatedw ith this submissionre flect a researchp rogrammeth at has as its centralc onceptualf rameworka synthesiso f the traditionally competing perspectiveosf the 'externalla bour market'andt he 'internall abourm arketýT he Holt and David 'stock! and 'flow' model of the former is integrated with Doeringer and Piore'sm odelo f labour allocationa nd utilisation within the organisationto createa 'syntheticp aradigmt!h at offers, it is argued,a moreh olistic insighti nto the operation of labour markets.O ne especialc onsequenceo f the use of this paradigm is the opening up of the 'black box! that is the f= in much of the traditional labour economics literature. Not only are policies of company recruitment and selection transformedto becomee ssential,in tegral elementsw ithin the researchp rogramme, the externall abourm arketc onsequenceosf thesep oliciesa re seent o havei mportant implications for the identification and analysis of 'problems' of the external labour market. For purposes of the introductory, synthesising chapter, the eleven papers are subdivided into three themes. After an essential, preliminary quasi-ideological discussion of the role of perspectives in the literature pertaining to labour markets, the subsequent, predominantly empirical papers focus upon two aspects of the interrelationships between internal and external labour markets viz. engagements i. e. flows, principally from the external labour market, into organisations; and separations ie. flows from organisations, principally but not exclusively to, the external labour market. The synthesising chapter demonstrates - and the accompanying papers evidence - both the viability and the efficacy of the 'synthetic paradigm! and illustrates the additional insights into the problems and policies of employment and Iabour markets which accrue from its application.

It is well established that memory impairment is almost always the first aspect of cognition to become impaired in dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT). It has become apparent, however, that memory itself comprises various subcomponents. The nature of the memory deficit in DAT, in terms of the order in which these components of memory become impaired, and the underlying cause of these impairments, have become a focus of cognitive neuropsychological research. The ability to study patients with breakdown in multiple components of memory also offers the opportunity to expand our knowledge of the inter-relationship of these cognitive domains. To study these questions, I administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, comprising tests of working memory, anterograde episodic memory, autobiographical memory, remote memory and semantic memory, to 33 DAT patients designated minimal (MMSE 24-30; n=17) and mild (MMSE 17-23; n=16) and 30 age- matched controls. Firstly, a cognitive analysis was applied to the results from the famous face and famous names tests, as discussed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, I investigated this question and found no instances of ability to name a famous face without being able to identify the famous person. This argues strongly against the concept of naming without semantics. In Chapter 5, I establish that while autobiographical memory is impaired even in minimal DAT, executive dysfunction only becomes apparent in mild DAT. In Chapter 6, I confirmed that the major impairment in anterograde memory in DAT is due to poor encoding, rather than storage or retrieval deficits. In Chapter 7, I present data which show heterogeneity in the pattern of rCBF in DAT. The aforementioned chapters relate to the cross-sectional neuropsychological and SPECT studies of DAT. Longitudinal studies are, however, recognised to be more sound methodologically than cross-sectional studies, particularly for staging DAT. I therefore extended the study by administering the same battery of tests to 24 of the original 33 DAT patients one year later, as described in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9, I found that the deterioration in face and name identification over one year was due primarily to loss of identifying information, while face naming impairment was due primarily to a variable retrieval impairment. I found that while memory for public figures deteriorated over one year, there was no such deterioration in autobiographical memory. This further supports the assertion that remote memory may be fractionated into autobiographical memory, and memory for public figures.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate various religious elements in Nathainel Hawthorne's life in relation to his career as a literary artist. The moral seriousness of this author at once strikes us as being something closely akin to religious sentiment, but he refused to endorse any specific dogma or to subscribe to any one organized faith. We know from his work that he had a religion, but his silence leaves ample room for conjecture if we wish to "label" him, or decide which of those religions that he contemplated was most congenial to his nature.