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Chemical crosslinking is an established method for improving the wet performance of paper. In the chemical crosslinking process, covalent bonds are formed between cellulosic surfaces. The formed intra- and inter-fiber bonds increase the paper’s wet strength and reduce its water absorptivity. The majority of published studies concern crosslinking treatments with glyoxal, citric acid (CA), or with 1,2,3,4-butanetetra-carboxylic acid (BTCA). The most severe disadvantage of the crosslinking treatments with glyoxal, CA, and BTCA is that the formed crosslinks make the fibers and the paper more brittle. This downside effect has largely impeded the utilization of crosslinking in paper and paperboard making. In the present study, handsheets made from Nordic bleached softwood kraft pulp (NBSK) were crosslinked with methylated 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (mDMDHEU), which is commonly used in cotton fabric finishing. Similar to using glyoxal and citric acid, crosslinking with mDMDHEU notably increased the handsheet wet strength and decreased the water absorption. Compared to the use of glyoxal or CA, the crosslinking with mDMDHEU did not make the handsheets that brittle. These results suggest that mDMDHEU could be a more viable crosslinking agent for improving the wet performance of paper products

Cellulose-based materials represent a renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly alternative to plastic from fossil resources. Nanopaper is a strong and lightweight material formed from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Paper and nanopaper have been considered as excellent alternatives to plastics for use in agriculture and for packaging applications. However, common for both paper and nanopaper is their hydrophilic character, and consequently, poor water-resistance properties. ORMOCER®s are a class of inorganic–organic polymers with excellent barrier and protective properties used for a range of coating applications. Here we present ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper. The coated papers and nanopapers are characterized, both in terms of their morphology, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that the pressure used during the pressing and drying of paper and nanopaper influence their tear and tensile—properties, and that the morphology of the coated nanopaper differs significantly from that of the coated paper. While the ORMOCER® was impregnated within the porous network of the paper, a well-defined two-layered morphology was obtained with the coated nanopaper. Further, the biodegradability of the nanopaper with and without coating was assessed. The degradation study demonstrated that both the pressure used during the pressing and drying of the nanopaper, and the composition of the ORMOCER®, influenced the rate of degradation. Taken together, ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper are promising for the preparation of materials that are both water-resistant, renewable, and biodegradable.

In an article to study the effect of sizing agent and filler on the structural features of paper from the cellulose mass of the inner layer of the bark of mulberry tree branches, mechanical strength, absorbency and sorption properties were studied. Tensile strength was determined on a tensile testing machine by the force causing the destruction of the sample. Surface absorbency at one side wetting was determined by the method of Cobb(30), by determining the mass of water absorbed by the surface of the paper when wetting one side of the test sample. Sorption properties were studied on a high-vacuum setup with mercury gates and McBain quartz balances according to water vapor sorption data. It was found that the internal 2% sizing of the paper pulp with cherry tree resin glue contributes to the strengthening of the paper structure, which is confirmed by the values of mechanical strength and surface absorbency when unilaterally wetted with water, relative to the values obtained when sizing with pine oleoresin rosin glue. When using glue from cherry resin, it is advisable to add 2 g of kaolin to 100 g of pulp from the inner layer of the bark of mulberry tree branches, since the increase negatively affects mechanical strength and hydrophobicity., В статье для исследования влияния проклеивающего вещества и наполнителя на структурные особенности бумаги из целлюлозной массы внутреннего слоя коры веток тутового дерева изучены механическая прочность, впитывающая способность и сорбционные свойства. Прочность на разрыв при растяжении определяли на разрывной машине по усилию, вызывающему разрушение образца. Поверхностную впитываемость при одностороннем смачивании определяли по методу Кобб(30), путем определения массы воды, поглощенной поверхностью бумаги при смачивании одной стороны испытуемого образца. Сорбционные свойства исследовали на высоковакуумной установке с ртутными затворами и кварцевыми весами Мак-Бена по данным сорбции паров воды. Выявлено, что внутренняя 2%-ная проклейка бумажной массы клеем из живицы черешневого дерева способствует упрочнению структуры бумаги, что подтверждается значениями механической прочности и поверхностной впитываемостью при одностороннем смачивании водой, относительно значений, полученных при проклейке канифольным клеем из сосновой живицы. При использовании клея из живицы черешневого дерева целесообразно к 100 г целлюлозной массы из внутреннего слоя коры веток тутового дерева добавлять каолин в количестве 2 г, так как увеличение отрицательно влияет на механическую прочность и гидрофобность.

AimsTo assess the level of transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) knowledge and skills of young cardiologists.Methods and resultsA European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) online study using the first fully virtual simulation-based software was conducted in two periods (9–12 December 2021 and 10–13 April 2022). All young cardiologists eligible to participate (ConclusionOnline evaluation of young cardiologists around the world showed a relatively low level of TOE skills and knowledge. Prior participation to a TOE simulation-based training session, a higher number of TOE exams performed per week, and the EACVI certification for TOE were independently associated with a higher global score.

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are emerging as powerful analytical platforms in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental protection because of their low cost and favorable substrate properties for biosensing. However, the existing top-down fabrication methods of paper-based chips suffer from low resolution (200 μm). Additionally, papers have limitations in their physical properties (e.g., thickness, transmittance, and mechanical flexibility). Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up approach for the rapid fabrication of heterogeneously controlled paper-based chip arrays. We simply print a wax-patterned microchip with wettability contrasts, enabling automatic and selective assembly of cellulose microfibers to construct predefined paper-based microchip arrays with controllable thickness. This paper-based microchip printing technology is feasible for various substrate materials ranging from inorganic glass to organic polymers, providing a versatile platform for the full range of applications including transparent devices and flexible health monitoring. Our bottom-up printing technology using cellulose microfibers as the starting material provides a lateral resolution down to 42 ± 3 μm and achieves the narrowest channel barrier down to 33 ± 2 μm. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a flexible paper-based glucose monitor is built for human health care, requiring only 0.3 μL of sample for testing.

Background: Cognitive aids (CAs) are clinical tools guiding clinical decision-making during critical events in the operating room. They may counteract the adverse effects of stress on the non-technical skills of the attending clinician(s). Although most clinicians acknowledge the importance of CAs, their uptake in clinical practice seems to be lagging behind. This situation has led us to investigate which features of CAs may enhance their uptake. Therefore, in this systematic review we explored the optimums regarding the 1) timing to consult the CA, 2) person consulting the CA, 3) location of the CA in the operating room, 4) CA design (paper vs. electronic), 5) CA lay-out, 6) reader of the CA and 7) if the use of CAs in the form of decision support tools lead to improved outcome. Methods: Seven PICO-questions guided our literature search in 4 biomedical databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar). We selected English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies and expert opinions discussing the use of cognitive aids during life-threatening events in the operating theatre. Articles discussing non-urgent or non-operating room settings were excluded. The quality of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: We found 7 RCTs, 14 observational studies and 6 expert opinions. All trials were conducted in a simulation environment. The person who should trigger the use of a cognitive aid and the optimal timing of its initiation, could not be defined by the current literature. The ideal location of the cognitive aids remains also unclear. A favorable lay-out of an aid should be well-structured, standardized and easily readable. In addition, several potentially beneficial design features are described. RCT’s could not demonstrate a possible superiority of either electronic or paper-based aids. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, electronic decision support tools are potentially associated with an enhanced performance of the clinician. Likewise, the presence of a reader was associated with an improved performance of key steps in the management of a critical event. However, it remains unclear who should fulfill this role. Conclusion: Several features of the design or utilization of CAs may play a role in enhancing the uptake of CAs in clinical practice during the management of a critical event in the operating room. However, robust evidence supporting the use of a certain feature over another is lacking.

In the research of the review of this creative and innovation area that can benefit community and nation. The review that had been picked in this research was the paper. The aim of this review is to explain about the advantages or the benefits of paper and also the used of the paper, also the improvement of the nation by the helps of the paper production and innovation. The methods that we going to describe in this review was the involvement of the paper production in many fields, such as for individuals, schools, medical centre and so on. There are a lot of information and new knowledges that we going to present and cite in this review. The conclusion of this article review was to be making sure that everyone knows the important and the properties of the paper in our country.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of genetic networks to study the relationships between manuscripts and publications in genetic editing. We present a data model and its formalisation in an OWL2 ontology, as well as the corresponding data visualisations in the form of sky maps. Our case study is the literary œuvre of the Swiss writer and photographer Gustave Roud (1897-1976). We conclude with some remarks about the project workflow and the integration of data and visual modelling. &nbsp

In this paper, we study data reuse in scholarly editing, providing insights into the current panorama and imagining future developments. We will focus on the reuse of data, leaving aside the reuse of code and models, which would require a separate enquiry; and would concentrate on machine-actionable reuse, as opposed to human consumption.

Digital Humanities research often provides opportunities for collaboration – but it just as often requires collaboration. The demands placed on DH projects in terms of technical skills and know-how are such that collaboration and a reliance on adequate research infrastructures become a necessity.

The tutorial demonstrates a workflow that we developed for the text-based digital classification of an early modern advertisement newspaper which allows for subsequent and dynamic classification of the single ads according to the researcher’s interest. It also shows how this approach could be applied to similar publications, using our R-package.

The contribution utilizes the information density of the arrival lists published in the 18th century newspaper "Wien[n]erisches Diarium" with the help of digital, (semi‑)automatic methods: high-quality full texts are created with Transkribus and the entities named herein (e.g. points of entry/lodging) are extracted, geocoded and visualized on historical city maps.

The tutorial demonstrates a workflow that we developed for the text-based digital classification of an early modern advertisement newspaper which allows for subsequent and dynamic classification of the single ads according to the researcher’s interest. It also shows how this approach could be applied to similar publications, using our R-package. This is the presentation that accompanied the workshop. You can find the abstract of the workshop here. The project data and package are available at https://github.com/Avisblatt.

This presentation explores how n-grams can be used to automatically classify and learn about music. An overall discussion is provided of various ways in which n-grams can be adapted for use with digital scores, and of how musically meaningful features can be extracted from them. The jSymbolic 3.0 alpha prototype feature extractor is then used in three sets of music classification experiments investigating how n-gram features perform relative to and combined with other types of features extracted from symbolic music files., Funded by the FRQSC and SSHRC.

Kültür varlıklarının korunması ve varlığını sürdürmesi için gerçekleştirilen konservasyon çalışmaları doğru bir metodolojiye dayanmalıdır. Farklı malzeme ve tekniklerle oluşturulan eserler içerisinde el yazması eserler, sanatsal ve tarihi öneminin yanı sıra önemli bir bilgi taşıyıcılık misyonu üstlenmektedir. Yazının icadından sonra taş, metal, kil, tekstil gibi farklı yazı zeminleri kullanılmıştır. En önemli yazı zemini olan kâğıdın icadı yazılı kültürün gelişmesini ve yüzyıllar boyunca aktarılmasını hızlandırmıştır. Geleneksel kâğıt yapımında kullanılan hammadelerin doğadan kolayca elde edilebilmesi, taşınmasının kolay olması, bir araya getirilebilir olması kâğıt kullanımını yaygınlaştıran etkenlerden sadece birkaçıdır. El yazması eserler organik kökenli malzemelerin bir araya getirilmesi ile oluşmaktadır. Bu nedenle diğer malzeme gruplarına oranla bozulma süreci daha hızlıdır. Genel olarak geriye dönüşümü pek mümkün olmayan bozulmalar fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik değişimlere neden olarak eserin orijinal bütünlüğünü bozmaktadır. Bu bozulmaların boyutu ve ilerlemesi farklı ortam şartlarına göre değişebilmektedir. Eserin üretim teknolojisinin yanı sıra içinde bulunduğu çevresel koşulların (sıcaklık, nem, ışık gibi) da bozulmaların değerlendirilmesinde ele alınması gerekmektedir. Her ne kadar tahribatı geriye döndürmek mümkün olmasa da ilerlemesini durdurmak ve yeniden bozulmasına neden olacak koşulları ortadan kaldırmak mümkündür. Bu nedenle konservasyon metodunu belirlemeden önce detaylı bir belgeleme ve analiz çalışmasının yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda tez çalışmasında yazının tarihsel gelişimi hakkında geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Kil tabletler, papirüs, parşömen ve kâğıdın tarihçesi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan eserin belgelemesi detaylı olarak yapılmıştır. Xrf spektroskopisi, Raman spektroskopisi, Lif analizi, pH ölçüm değerleri, Kolorimetre, dijital mikroskop ile inceleme analizleri konservasyon çalışmalarına başlamadan önce incelenmiş olup sonuç ve değerlendirmeler tez çalışmasında sunulmuştur. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda yapılacak müdahaleler tespit edilerek aşamalı olarak aktarılmıştır., Conservation studies carried out for the protection and survival of cultural assets should be based on a correct methodology. Among the works created with different materials and techniques, manuscripts, besides their artistic and historical importance, undertake an important information carrier mission. After the invention of writing, different writing grounds such as stone, metal, clay, textile, etc. were used. The invention of paper, which is the most important writing ground, accelerated the development of written culture and its transmission for centuries. The fact that the raw materials used in traditional papermaking can be easily obtained from nature, are easy to transport, and can be combined are just a few of the factors that make the use of paper widespread. Manuscripts are composed of materials of organic origin. For this reason, the deterioration process is faster compared to other material groups. In general, irreversible deteriorations cause physical, chemical and biological changes, thus disrupting the original integrity of the work. The extent and progression of these deteriorations can vary according to different environmental conditions. In addition to the production technology of the work, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light) should also be considered in the evaluation of deterioration. Although it is not possible to reverse the destruction, it is possible to stop its progress and eliminate the conditions that will cause it to deteriorate again. For this reason, a detailed documentation and analysis should be done before determining the conservation method. In this context, a wide literature review about the historical development of writing was made in the thesis study. The history of clay tablets, papyrus, parchment and paper was investigated. The work used in the study was documented in detail. Xrf spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fiber analysis, pH measurement values, colorimeter, digital microscope analysis analyzes were examined before starting the conservation studies, and the results and evaluations were presented in the thesis study. As a result of these evaluations, the interventions to be made were determined and transferred gradually.

As the primary resource for preschool children, picture books,and their gender narratives, can unconsciously shape and changechildren’s perceptions of sex roles and gender identity (Bleakley etal., 1988; Connor & Serbin, 1978; Latima, 2020). However, existingstudies show concerning trends in the representation of genderinequality in modern picture books, such as the overwhelmingnumber of male main characters and traditional gender stereotypesof vocations, personalities and habits (Casey et al., 2021; Hamiltonet al., 2006; Lee & Chin, 2019; Terras, 2018). It is thereforeimportant for children’s picture books to have diverse gender descriptionsand improved equal gender representations.Since the second Feminist Movement in the 1960s, gender equalityin UK children’s picture books have been continuously examinedyet slowly improved (Adams et al., 2011; Allen et al., 1993;Capuzza, 2020; Hamilton et al., 2006). Similar studies have beenfar less common in China, as the Chinese picture book market onlydeveloped from the start of the 21 st Century (Xiao, 2021). Onestudy has shown the existence of the traditional gender biases inChinese picture books (Liu & Chen, 2018). Based on the researchgap between these two countries, this study will (1) investigategender representations and narratives in picture books, (2) comparethe similarities and differences between bestselling Britishand Chinese picture books texts from 2010 to 2020. We do so byapplying text mining techniques to analyse gender narratives withinpicture book texts themselves. This follows on from our 2022study where we analysed publisher’s descriptions of texts, ratherthan full text mining of the book’s content (Li et al., 2022).

We present a Web application that facilitates the deep visual search of image collections using contemporary machine learning. We discuss image retrieval as a combined computer vision/human-computer interaction problem, and propose that the standardization of feature extraction is one of the main problems that digital art history faces today.

This presentation offers a side-by-side comparison of the publication processes for traditional monographs versus complex interactive digital projects. Prepared by Stanford University Press whose 6-year Mellon-funded digital publishing initiative is coming to a close in December 2023, the presentation reflects on the highly collaborative processes digital publications require.

We investigate the needs of analyzing historical attitudes to Hitler and Mussolini using digitized historical sources and a computer-assisted approach. We believe that the principles of 'minimal computing' are worth a comparison with established, resource-heavy approaches. In terms of social equity and global access, efficient methods offer opportunities for improvement.

The concept of "deep mapping," has been increasingly reflected in recent years in the theory and practice of digital humanities. In this short paper we want to present the Polish experience in this matter, including the "Atlas of Holocaust Literature - Warsaw Ghetto," project prepared by our team in 2019.

The Digital Humanities for Marginal Areas (DH4MA) workshop aims to investigate the state of the art of tangible and intangible heritage digitalization in marginal and rural areas and their accessibility.

In this poster we would like to present the new architecture and features of EVT 3 (Edition Visualization Technology), an open source Angular-based tool for the visualization of TEI-XML Digital Scholarly Editions. We will use and showcase two digital philology projects as test bed for the new functionalities.

Mandala 2.0 is the UVA Library's re-envisioning of the longstanding Mandala collection, with the goal of preserving Mandala's Tibetan-Himalayan cultural heritage assets and data framework sustainably and discoverably. This poster will showcase the prototyping and usability testing phase as we develop a user interface and Linked Open Data.

How can NLP technologies be applied and measured on pre-modern documents? Based on a large handwritten dataset from the tower of Bern, we tested available language models and taggers, showcasing that specific forms of representation and identification need to be found. Relying on cooperation to further improve information retrieval.

Last Year, I have presented our first experiments, which tested, if it is possible to use RCNNs for semi-automated annotation in our project. As those experiments were very promising, we now want to present our prototype of semi-automated annotation using RCNNs, which is currently under developement.

This contribution argues to describe the discussions within the digital humanities (DH) discipline as a subjectivation discourse following the contention of Michel Foucault. This allows us to reframe the negotiation processes within the DH as a means to formally establish its disciplinary in/dependence, and as such provides and creates agency for the subjects of the discourse(s).

In order to get a clearer picture of the people who want to do Digital Humanities, their backgrounds, their expectations, and their contribution to the field, the huge amount of data gathered between 2009 and 2022 by the European Summer University in Digital Humanities "Culture & Technology" are being analysed. First results of this analysis will be presented at DH2023 hoping to provide more insight into this community and stimulate others to dig into their data as well so that by comparing and joining findings a clearer picture of what Digital Humanities mean to the people summer / winter schools and institutes bring to the field can be obtained.

To detect conflicts in literary texts, this short paper adapts word embedding based sentiment analysis for assigning conflict values to texts. This heuristic approach is able to output relevant verb phrases of a corpus of German novels from the Romantic period and indicate first trends in the corpus.

Digital access to social sciences and humanities (SSH) research resources is necessary to enable broad use. For this purpose, a discovery platform for SSH resources was created. This paper describes its development, based on user, economic, and computer science research methods, and illustrates how such a platform supports social exchange.

Graph Literary Exploration Machine (GoLEM) is a new web-based application for literary scholars. The tool allows for named entity relationship analysis, terminology mining, and topic modeling. A strong emphasis is put on the visualisation of results as graphs, time series, maps or scatter plots.

We propose and conceptualize an approach for literary network analysis that does not rely on co-appearance, but rather what can be called semantic context: characters are connected if they share a semantic neighborhood, or similar meaning-based contexts, even if they are distant in the text sequence.

The tutorial provides a practical introduction to Transkribus, a comprehensive platform for the digitisation, AI-powered text recognition, transcription and searching of historical documents. The participants will learn how to run the layout analysis (also for tables and complex layouts) and train and apply Handwritten Text Recognition AI-models to automatically generate machine-readable transcriptions of images of text. In the end, they will have a general understanding of the potential of Handwritten Text Recognition to open new research questions and how Transkribus can be used to collaborate, involve volunteers and teach in DH and History classes.

The Digital Linguistic Atlas of Scotland is a digitization and reanalysis of the lexical section of the Linguistic Atlas of Scotland. The tool offers dynamic and costumizeable maps and aims to showcase the opportunities of the digitization of analogue linguistic research data.

We are presenting the results of mutual collaboration within two different, but related, projects in the field of cultural heritage digitization. Shared outcomes of our mutual collaboration include the valorization of cultural heritage items and experimental work on enriching a visualization application with a functionality to annotate graphs.

The imagined urban landscapes, structures, and environments of writer H.P. Lovecraft's Providence, RI play a central role in the development of his tales of horror, abomination, and wonder. This project repurposes the tools of digital art history and urbanism to create imaginative reconstructions of these locales across space and time.

This paper will discuss how interdisciplinarity, collaboration and participation have been re-imagined in large-scale digital cultural heritage projects, taking the Congruence Engine project as a case study, by highlighting how the interplay between the collaborative nature of DH, and systematic action research can bring together the human and computational.

This poster presents, in comics form, the perspectives of those involved in the Collaborative Doctoral Partnership 'Understanding UK digital comics information and publishing practices: From creation to consumption'. The poster aims to share insights into the challenges and opportunities of inter-institutional research and its collaborative methods.

Responding to a call to embrace "digital humanities accents" (Risam 2018) as a radical act towards postcolonial epistemologies, this short paper discusses how a team of software engineers and a humanist is developing a discursive framework to assess fairness in AI for multilingual speech recognition technologies developed for Singlish speakers.

The main aim of the presentation is to present a methodology for the digital elaboration of the maps of voivodeships and the parish sketches by Karol Perthées to create a map of pre-partition Poland in the last years of its existence.

In this study, we are looking for early mentions of basic principles of sustainability in literary texts using machine learning. With a trained CRF-classifier we automatically annotated a corpus of about 70 novels from German romanticism and singled out passages with a high frequency of annotations, which we analysed in terms of a concept of sustainability. We thus test whether the application of machine learning used to operationalise high-frequency phenomena can also help uncover less frequent and highly interpretive aspects of narrative texts.

We present a study of musical arrangements oif concert music for domestic performance through the lens of an English monthly music journal (The Harmonicon). The study is supported by digital annotation tooling built on IIIF, MEI and Linked Data.

This project explores computational uses of pose analysis to investigate questions of directorial style and actorly interpretation in theatrical performances. The process involves developing methods to help performing arts scholars and professionals use pose-data models to capture movement from performances, as well as record, analyze, recreate and remix those movements.

In this presentation we analyze mommy blogs from India as symptomatic of the limitations, potential, and revolutionary possibilities of Digital Maternal Cultures, which demonstrate "the material transformations that the electronic age has brought about" (Raley 2004), as evoked in the CFP for DH2023.

Collective sentiment plays a crucial role in financial markets. In this paper, we present our workflow for creating an index that captures the sentiment at the Berlin Stock Exchange from 1872 to 1930. Based on a historical newspaper, we train three models that provide daily aspect-level sentiment data.

Crowdsourcing in cultural heritage is rich in opportunities for collaborative, interdisciplinary research and practice. This presentation celebrates and calls for input and expansion of a White Paper that sets out current challenges and opportunities, and provides recommendations for the future of crowdsourcing in cultural heritage and the digital humanities.

In our workshop, we invite Digital Humanists to explore the OpenMethods metablog as an innovative publication forum and to strengthen the representation of traditionally underrepresented languages and actors in Digital Humanities - particularly non-Anglophone, under-resourced languages (such as languages with non-Latin scripts) or female tool-makers - on the platform in particular and in the Digital Humanities discourse in general.

This workshop uses the environment created around the HTR-United catalog to demonstrate and discuss how to build a dataset of ground truth for text recognition and document it, and how to use HTR-United and its suite of tools to control its quality and describe it in a standardized way.

This poster covers highlights of the Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online (SUCHO) initiative, launched days after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 as an emergency response effort with over 1,500 volunteers co-working virtually across time zones at a scale not previously seen in DH rapid response projects.

This panel will explore the various aspects of what is involved, not only in conceiving and building a 3D infrastructure, but in creating 3D Scholarly editions and developing the viewers that allow stories to be created around them. It will also explore issues around training the community of the infrastructure.

This paper discusses the use of recent additions to the Semantic Web toolkit, particularly SHACL, to provide true schema validation for graph-based data models such as the one used in the Stemmarest repository for variant text traditions.