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The present study focuses on the climate conditions of Gilgit Baltistan. It includes the distribution ofdifferent weather elements like precipitation, temperature, number of rainy days, humidity, wind speed, air pressure,evapotranspiration, sunshine, factors affecting climate, and climate classification. Due to glaciation, the area is badlyeroded and consists of deep valleys and moraines. There is a marked variability between the climates of the eastern andwestern observatories of the area. Mostly, terrace agriculture is practiced in the area with deciduous and alpine forests.Based on temperature, the area has been divided into three distinct climate regions, namely, mild, cool, and cold.Whereas, based on precipitation, it classified into arid, semi-arid and undifferentiated highlands. Chilas is the hottestarea of the province, while Astor and Skardu are the coldest. The study area receives heavy precipitation from localthunderstorms, particularly during April and May. There are four rainy seasons, namely winter, pre-monsoon,monsoon, and post monsoon precipitation. The highest precipitation in the area is observed at Astore, while the lowestat Gupis. The relative humidity is below 55% throughout the year and causes chill with low temperature and crackingin human skins. Based on the variability of weather elements, the province has been divided into three macro, threemeso and six micro climate regions.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Introduction: Understanding how the weather affects physical activity (PA) may help in the design, analysis, and interpretation of future studies, especially when investigating PA across diverse meteorological settings and with long follow-up periods. The present longitudinal study first aims to examine the influence of daily weather elements on intraindividual PA patterns among primary school children across four seasons, reflecting day-to-day variation within each season. Second, we investigate whether the influence of weather elements differs by day of the week (weekdays vs weekends), gender, age, and bodymass index. Method: PA data were collected by ActiGraph accelerometers for 1 wk in each of four school terms that reflect each season in southeast Australia. PA data from 307 children (age range 8.7-12.8 yr) were matched to daily meteorological variables obtained from the Australian Government" s Bureau of Meteorology (maximum temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, day length, and rainfall). Daily PA patterns and their association with weather elements were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. Results: Temperature was the strongest predictor of moderate and vigorous PA, followed by solar radiation and humidity. The relation with temperature was curvilinear, showing optimum PA levels at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 22 degrees C. Associations between weather elements on PA did not differ by gender, child" s age, or body mass index. Conclusions: This novel study focused on the influence of weather elements on intraindividual PA patterns in children. As weather influences cannot be controlled, knowledge of its effect on individual PApatternsmay help in the design of future studies, interpretation of their results, and translation into PA promotion.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar a radiação solar global, a temperatura do ar e seus efeitos no crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de cana-de-açúcar em aclimatização sob dois tipos de cobertura em ambiente protegido. A pesquisa foi conduzida na área experimental do Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Igarassu, PE. O ambiente protegido foi coberto com plástico leitoso associado a dois tipos de malhas de sombreamento: malha termorrefletora e malha preta; as variáveis estudadas foram: meteorológicas (radiação solar, temperatura do ar) e biométricas (comprimento do colmo, diâmetro do colmo, comprimento da folha, número de folhas, altura da planta e área foliar). Utilizaram-se 12 bandejas sendo escolhidos, aleatoriamente, quatro tubetes por bandeja por tratamento para o acompanhamento biométrico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado utilizando-se o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) para comparação entre as médias das variáveis biométricas. O ambiente com malha termorrefletora proporcionou os melhores resultados de desenvolvimento das mudas em decorrência da maior disponibilidade de radiação solar global nesse ambiente de produção. This study aimed to analyse the global solar radiation, temperature and their effects on the growth and development of seedlings of sugarcane under acclimatization in two types of coverages in a protected environment. The study was conducted in the experimental area at the Center for Strategic Technologies in the Northeast - Igarassu, PE. The greenhouse was covered with white polyethylene and divided into two: one associated with the thermal reflector mesh and another associated with black mesh. The studied variables were: weather (solar radiation, air temperature) and biometric (stem length, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf number, plant height and leaf area). For biometric monitoring, 12 randomly selected trays with four tubes per tray per treatment were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, using the Tukey test (p < 0.05) for comparison between means. The environment under thermal reflector mesh provided the best results for seedling development because of greater availability of solar radiation in the production environment.

This study presents the influence of major weather factors during the blackcurrant blossoming period on the yields of the ‘Ojebyn’, ‘Titania’ and ‘Roodknop’ cultivars, cultivated in Warmia (Olsztyn). The study was conducted for five years (2003-2007). Among the factors analysed were the currant yield, the duration of the blossoming period, average daily air temperature, the number of days with frost at the height of 2 m and at the ground level, total rainfall during the blossoming period and the number of days with rainfall during the blossoming period. The statistical analysis of particular weather factors has shown that the number of days with frost contributed significantly to the yield of the fruit. A linear correlation analysis has shown that the yield of the three examined cultivars of blackcurrant depended on variable weather conditions during the blossoming period. The yield of the ‘Ojebyn’ cultivar was significantly correlated with the duration of the blossoming period, the number of days with frost and the number of days with rainfall. A significant correlation in the ‘Titania’ cultivar was found with the number of days with frost and with the total amount of rainfall during the blossoming period. The fruit yield from the ‘Roodknop’ cultivar in the five-year period under study depended only on one variable: the duration of the blossoming period. The highest yield was obtained from the ‘Titania’ cultivar.

Etninė kultūra byloja apie labai glaudų ir neatsiejamą ryšį tarp žmogaus ir gamtos. Pastaroji žmogaus gyvenime užėmė ypatingą ir labai svarbų vaidmenį. Gamtos stichijų pagarbiai bijota, jos būdavo tarytum kelrodis, kuriuo metu galima būdavo ir reikėdavo nudirbti tam tikrus darbus. Straipsnyje yra apžvelgiamos oro stichijos tikėjimuose ir mitologijoje. Pagrindinis dėmesys yra skiriamas Perkūnui. Šiam dievaičiui pagerbti žmonės buvo paskyrę net devynias dienas per metus. Pirmasis griaustinis žymėdavo ilgos žiemos pabaigą ir pavasario - bundančios gamtos - pradžią. Su pirmuoju griaustiniu yra susiję daug įvairių prietarų, kaip antai, kad karves bėdos aplenktų, joms prie ragų prikabindavo mazgelį su šventintomis žolelėmis, nors trumpam į diendaržį būdavo išgenami gyvuliai. Pirmasis perkūno trenksmas iššaukdavo ir maginių veiksmų, susijusių su sveikatos saugojimu ir gerinimu, atlikimą. Seniesiems mūsų krašto gyventojams itin svarbi buvo dievaičio Perkūno ir Vėlino, "užrakinančio" žemę, kova. Ji sukdavo gamtos ratą. Su tuo susijusios religinės apeigos ilgainiui virto tradiciniais papročiais, kuriuose vis tik dar labai įsišaknijusi mitologinė potekstė. Perkūnas, viesulas, vaivorykštė buvo ne tik gamtos reiškiniai, su kuriais buvo siejama daugybė prietarų ir papročių bei oro pranašavimų, tačiau jų pasireiškimas atsispindėjo ir senovės žmonių mitinėje mąstysenoje - sakmėse, pasakose ir mįslėse. Ethnic culture evidences a very close and integral relation between man and nature, which plays a very special and important role in a man’s life. The elements of nature were feared and worshipped, they were a waymark for performing certain labours. The article provides an overview of nature elements in different beliefs and mythology. The main attention is dedicated to the Thunderer. People dedicated nine days in a year for worshiping of the said god. The first thunder market the end of the long cold Winter and the beginning of the Spring, i. e. the waking nature. A lot of different superstitions are related with the first thunder, such as tying a small bag with sacred weeds to cows’ horns in order for them to stay healthy and taking the livestock into the barnyard for a short period of time. The first thunder also encouraged the performance of magic actions, relating to keeping good health. The old residents of our land were very concerned with the fight between the Thunderer and Vėlinis, the god who “locked the land”, which turned the wheel of nature. Eventually the corresponding religious rituals became traditions, which still contain deep mythological undercurrents. The Thunderer, the Twister and the Rainbow were not only natural phenomena, with which a lot of superstitions, traditions and weather forecasts were related, their manifestations were also reflected in the mythological thinking of the ancient people, i. e. in their tales, sagas and riddles.