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1968, 69, 70 – diese Jahre stehen nicht nur für globale Umbrüche und für Prozesse gesellschaftlicher Liberalisierung und kulturellen Wandels, sondern markieren in der Geschichte volkskundlicher Kulturwissenschaft eine Periode der Revolte und Reform. Spätestens auf der Detmolder Arbeitstagung, zu der sich die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Volkskunde (dgv) vom 22. bis 27. September 1969 versammelt hatte, eskalierten die Debatten um Herkunft, Selbstverständnis und Zukunft des Fachs. Der vorliegende Band rekonstruiert die Ereignisse von Detmold 1969 aus Quellen und Erinnerungen und nimmt auch die dabei relevanten internationalen Horizonte der Anthropologien in den Blick.

Background: Since its introduction, the outcome of the SLNB is one of the most important prognostic factors in melanoma patients. A negative sentinel node however, does not guarantee a recurrence-free follow-up. This study was performed to determine risk factors of regional or systemic disease recurrence in node negative melanoma patients. Material and methods: Data concerning patients treated between 1996 and 2014 in the University Medical Center Groningen were prospectively collected. The database contained patient and tumor characteristics, follow-up, recurrence and survival data. Cox regression analyses were used to determine variables associated with systemic first site of recurrence in sentinel node negative patients. Results: A total of 668 SLNB's were performed between 1996 and 2014. The SLNB was positive in 27.8% of the patients and negative in 68.6% of the patients. Recurrence rates were 53.2% in the SLNB positive group and 17.9% in the SLNB negative group. Thirty and a half percent of all patients recurred (204/668), 77% of these patients progressed to stage IV during the course of their disease. Multivariate cox regression analysis of factors associated with immediate stage IV recurrence in sentinel node negative patients revealed melanoma located on the head/neck (HR 3.09, p: 0.035) and the presence of ulceration (HR 2.31, p: 0.035) as significant factors. In sentinel node negative patients with a nodular melanoma the ever recurrence rate was 38/128 (29.7%), if ulceration was present the recurrence rate was 43.1%, the first site of recurrence was systemic in 64% of these patients. Analysis of ever stage IV recurrence in all patients revealed SLNB positive results of strong predictive value (HR 3.00, P

This paper will show that civilising offensives of the upper middle class and the labour movement elite in twentieth-century Holland often led to social exclusion of certain segments of ‘the common people’. Instead of culturally ‘uplifting’ them as was the stated intention, in some cases the efforts proved to be disciplining missions aimed at containing the lowest classes. In many instances, these moralist actions had negative social consequences. Rather than (re)integrating those who were regarded as onaangepasten (maladapted people), they were often stigmatised and marginalised as second-rate citizens, who were literally banished to the societal periphery. Obviously, less extreme forms of civilising offensives also existed, but these, too, were usually about disciplining rather than enlightening.

For a few decades, anthropologists have increasingly turned to the study of their own society and culture. This article addresses the problems and the relative advantages and disadvantages of endogenous ethnography. It devotes special attention to the experiences of medical anthropologists who have conducted fieldwork at home. It is concluded that anthropology at home has no special epistemological position compared with anthropological research abroad, though there may be differences at the practical level of fieldwork and publishing.

'Texelaars zijn anders', zeggen de bewoners van het Noord-Hollandse eiland om hun onderscheid met de vastelanders aan te geven. Waarin uit zich die eilandmentaliteit? In het bestaan van TESO (Texels Eigen Stoomboot Onderneming), het Ouwe Sunderklaasfeest op 12 december, het verschil tussen echte Texelse families en de import van het vasteland of in het bestaan van een Texelse Courant? Wat is precies kenmerkend voor de eilandcultuur? Welke typische rituelen hebben zij? En hoe zit het op de andere Nederlandse (voormalige) eilanden?

Fruitful exchanges of ideas existed between early 20th century anthropology (volkenkunde) and folklore studies (volkskunde) in the Netherlands. Folklorists proposed using the fieldwork methods and comparative approach of ethnography. Anthropologists thought folklore studies might be able to shed light on survivals of earlier stages in their own society. During the 1930s, however, anthropologists turned their backs on the evolutionist paradigm, while in the wake of National Socialism and its quest for a common Germanic race and culture folklorists limited their cross-cultural comparisons to Europe. Cultural politics in Germany and other European countries in the 1930s and early 1940s directed the concepts, methods and institutionalization of folklore studies, and consequently led to a distancing from the concepts and practice of cultural anthropology.

A detailed medical history in combination with a thorough physical examination, including rectal examination, form the cornerstone in the diagnostic work-up for children with functional defecation disorders. Additional investigations are often not informative and have only minor diagnostic or therapeutic implications. Medical therapy in children with functional constipation and solitary encopresis is primarily based on clinical experience. In both patient groups, the role of education, the use of diary cards and toilet training is important. In some patients behaviour interventions are important. Oral laxatives are the basis of treatment of children with functional constipation, whereas they are contra-indicated in children with solitary encopresis. In both groups, biofeedback training appears to be of little additional benefit. Long-term follow-up of children with functional defecation disorders shows that complaints continue far beyond puberty in many children

Chronic abdominal pain occurs in 17% of children aged 0-14 years with a peak of 33% at the age of 7 years. According to the Rome II criteria abdominal pain disorders can be classified as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia. This new classification will hopefully lead to a more careful diagnosis of functional abdominal pain syndromes and to better treatment strategies. A thorough history taking and physical examination are the cornerstone of diagnostic workup in children with chronic abdominal pain. An extensive explanation and reassurance are the basis of an adequate treatment and in the majority of cases this is successful

The childhood prevalences of constipation and encopresis are 0.3-8% and 1-3% respectively. Following a recent stricter definition and classification, constipation and solitary encopresis are now recognised to be two separate entities. Constipation is characterised by infrequent defecation, often in combination with involuntary loss of faeces. Solitary encopresis most often occurs once a day after school hours. When there is no defecation, the frequency of encopresis increases, the abdominal pain becomes more severe and the appetite becomes less, until a large quantity of faeces is produced (often once per week). The physiology of the defecation and continence mechanism is complex and has only been unravelled in part. The multiple physiological mechanisms involved have a complementary and compensatory effect on each other. This makes it difficult to determine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these functional disorders

High doses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) seem to be effective in the treatment of solid tumors in the extremities. By applying current intensive care technology, systemic administration of high doses of TNF levels might be feasible for the treatment of cancer in other localizations. To establish the early and late effects of high systemic TNF levels on the lungs, we determined lung function parameters in 12 patients before and after hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) with TNF and melphalan. Because of leakage during perfusion, mean maximum systemic TNF levels of 60.0 ng/ml (range, 0.3-356 ng/ml) were obtained. Significant alterations in the vital capacity (VC), the capillary blood volume (Vc), the diffusing capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane (Dm), and the transfer capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide per unit alveolar volume (K-CO) were observed 1 week after HILP. Eight weeks after HILP, they returned to pretreatment value. Alterations in lung functions were not related to the maximum systemic TNF level. In conclusion, disturbances in pulmonary functions are observed in patients after HILP with TNF and melphalan. These disturbances, which are probably partly caused by high systemic TNF levels, are reversible and would not preclude administration of systemic TNF in high doses.