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Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) intend to encourage change by delivering appropriate support, at the right time, at the right place, and only when needed. JITAIs use mobile technologies (e.g., geolocations, mobile questionnaires) to monitor individual’s behaviors and to determine when and which intervention to provide. By taking advantage of new technologies to anticipate and capture a person’s needs at a particular moment, JITAIs have the potential to intervene in ways that traditional interventions cannot. JITAIs have been studied, mainly in areas such as physical activity, weight loss, and smoking cessation. In the domain of mental health, JITAIs are of potential interest because symptoms are often dynamic, dependent on contextual factors, and highly variable within individuals. Although JITAIs have been regarded as a promising ‘future direction’ for interventions in mental health disorders, it is understudied compared with other areas.

The Normalization Measure Development (NoMAD) is a 20-item questionnaire that assesses the process of normalization of an intervention according to the Normalization Process Theory (May et al., 2009), where normalization is established as a process of embedding and integrating a practice in routine care as a result of the work done by individuals and groups. The 20 items focus on four constructs (dimensions) of the NPT; coherence (4 items), cognitive participation (4 items), collective action (7 items) and reflexive monitoring (5 items). The NoMAD has shown good psychometric properties, with high levels of internal consistency along the four dimensions (20 items) (alpha=0.89) (Finch et al., 2018). This questionnaire has demonstrated to be a useful tool to assess the normalization in the implementation process of Evidence-Based Treatments (EBT) in routine mental health care, contributing to address the know-do gap promoting the implementation of EBT (Bauer & Kirchner, 2020; Morris, Wooding & Grant, 2011). The original questionnaire was developed in English (Finch et al., 2018) and has been also translated and validated into Dutch (Vis et al., 2019). The English version has been back-to-back translated into Spanish. The aim of this study is to psychometrically validate a Spanish version of the NoMAD and confirm the factor structure of the questionnaire.

Anxiety disorders in later life are some of the most significant mental health problems affecting older adults. Prevalence estimates of anxiety disorders in late life vary considerably based on multiple methodological issues. Current diagnostic criteria may not adequately capture the nature and experience of anxiety in older people, particularly those in ethnic and racial minority groups. This article reviews late-life anxiety disorders. Pharmacologic and psychotherapy approaches to treat late-life anxiety are reviewed, including a summary of current innovations in clinical care across settings, treatment models, and treatment delivery.