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The long-term stored tailings of the ore concentration of pyrite-polymetallic ore deposits are an ideal natural laboratory in which it is possible to study the gold transformation from primary ores to supergene with superimposed anthropogenic characteristics. The typomorphic characteristics of native gold are studied on the example of technogenic-mineral formations (TMF) of the Novo-Ursk, Belokluch and Zmeinogorsk deposits (Western Siberia). The grain size distribution of gold and its concentration, morphology, internal structure and chemical composition shows the features of gold conversion in the processes of dissolution, migration and secondary deposition at geochemical barriers. As a result of a typomorphic analysis, external and internal signs were identified that prove that gold underwent supergene transformations directly in the body of the technogenic tailings. The growths and accumulations of nano- and micro-size gold, the formation of particles of aggregate structure, lamination, fine particles and veinlets, openwork edges, as well as the absence of physical damage on the surface of the golds, confirm the active mobility of gold at the scales of tailings and emphasize the complex nature of multi-stage processes of gold mobilization. The gold formation of different chemical composition in TMF is explained by specific physical and chemical conditions for the section of the mound of stored waste, different sources of primary gold and geochemical barriers. Au(S2O3)n(1-2n) and Au(HS)2– are the main complexes responsible for the mobility of gold. Gold of low and medium fineness is formed from thiosulfate complexes, whereas high-fineness gold is formed from hydrosulfide complexes.

Typomorphic features of placer gold of the Anabar region were studied as predictive-exploration criteria. The target of the study was to determine the typomorphic features of placer gold related to the intermediate sources (paleo-placers) and the supposed nearby primary ore occurrences. Two varieties of placer gold were identified. The first variety is well-rounded high-fineness lamellar gold with a highly modified internal structure. This native gold is associated with intermediate sources, Neogene–Quaternary watershed pebble beds. The second type includes slightly rounded gold with a wide variation in fineness (494‰–999‰). Its indicator is a block heterophase internal structure. The set of typomorphic features of this variety of placer gold indicates the vicinity of the primary source, what was the prerequisite for constructing prospecting traverses in order to find ore occurrences. As a result of these studies, hydrothermal-metasomatic formations with gold-sulfide mineralization were identified. The main primary substrate for them is fractured near-fault carbonate rocks of the Cambrian and Vendian–Cambrian age. Along with this, hydrothermalites developed on slightly cemented fine-pebble quartz conglomerates of the Middle Permian age were found in the core of exploration wells. Two types of metasomatic rocks are identified: quartz-potassium feldspar and jasperoid. The main ore minerals were galena and pyrite, different ratios by sites were revealed. Gold was identified in the form of small particles in the carbonate and siliceous substrate of hydrothermal-metasomatic formations. The lithological factor was one of the leading favorable factors for the ore formation due to the presence of near-fault highly permeable fractured carbonate and slightly cemented terrigenous rocks. The structural control of the studied ore occurrences is determined by their localization in the Mayat–Logoy and Dogoy–Kuoy faults of the Molodo–Popigay system of discontinuous faults. We assume a two-stage formation of the gold ore occurrences: during the first stage, the ore components in the form of primary hydrothermal-sedimentary ores in the near-gault zones were formed. The second stage was related to the processes of the Mesozoic tectonic-magmatic activation, when the intrusion of basite dikes initiated the mobilization of ore components the gold-sulfide occurrences were formed in the near-fault zone as a result of silicic-potassic metasomatosis of the carbonate and terrigenous rocks.

Based on the generalization of the actual material of production reports, publications in scientific journals and own research, information on the typomorphic features of native gold from the weathering crust of different mineral composition of gold-bearing rocks within the deposits and ore occurrences of the Sura greenstone structure are given. The change of typomorphic features of gold in the vertical section of the weathering crust is investigated., На підставі узагальнення фактичного матеріалу виробничих звітів, публікацій у наукових виданнях та власних досліджень наведено відомості щодо типоморфних особливостей самородного золота з кори вивітрювання різного мінерального складу золотоносних порід фундаменту в межах родовищ і рудопроявів Сурської зеленокам’яної структури. Досліджено зміну типоморфних особливостей золота у вертикальному розрізі кори вивітрювання.&nbsp

The information on lithofacial composition, stratigraphic position of gold-bearing sedimentary and pyroclastic formations of Volyn-Podіlsky plate and typomorphic features of native gold contained in them is presented. It is established that the gold content of sedimentary formation units is represented in a wide age range - from the reef to modern alluvial deposits of surface watercourses. It was found that regional specifics of gold bearing in sedimentary and pyroclastic formations of the Volyn-Podilsky plate is the presence of copper-, mercury-containing gold, electrum, two- (Au, Cu) and three-component (Au, Cu, Ag) solid solutions, golden copper, spherical grains, as well as gold (lamellar, spherical, lumpy) porous-segregation, myrmecite-like structure. Peculiarities of gold morphology and chemical composition and geological position of the region allow to predict within the territory of Volyn-Podilsky plate different age (from reef to Quaternary) and different genetic (placer, dia-, catagenetic, hydrothermal) ore occurrences of gold in different genetic sedimentary (continental and continental). ) and pyroclastic formations., Подано відомості щодо літофаціального складу, стратиграфічного положення золотовмісних осадових і пірокластичних утворень Волино-Подільської плити та типоморфних особливостей самородного золота, яке міститься в них. Визначено, що золотоносність осадових формаційних одиниць представлена в широкому віковому діапазоні – від рифею до сучасних алювіальних відкладів поверхневих водотоків. З’ясовано, що регіональною специфікою золотоносності осадових і пірокластичних утворень Волино-Подільської плити є наявність мідь-, ртутьумісного золота, електруму, дво- (Au, Cu) і трикомпонентних (Au, Cu, Ag) твердих розчинів, золотистої міді, зерен кулеподібної форми, а також золота (пластинчасте, куле-, грудкоподібне) порувато-сегрегаційної, мірмекітоподібної структури. Особливості морфології й хімічного складу золота та геологічна позиція регіону дають змогу прогнозувати в межах території Волино-Подільської плити різновікові (від рифею до четвертинних) та різногенетичні (розсипні, діа-, катагенетичні, гідротермальні) рудопрояви золота в різногенетичних осадових (континентальні, перехідні й морські літофації) та пірокластичних утвореннях.

Приводятся результаты изучения типоморфных признаков жильного кварца Мало-Чипикетской зоны Патомского кварценосного района. Установленные типоморфные признаки использовались для отбраковки неперспективного сырья, выделения потенциально перспективных кварцевых жил, оценки их прогнозных ресурсов и прогноза качества получаемых кварцевых продуктов., The study results of vein quartz typomorphic signs in the Malo-Chipiketsk zone of the Patomsky quartz region are presented. The established typomorphic features were used to reject unpromising raw materials, isolate potentially promising quartz veins, assess their inferred resources, and predict the quality of the obtained quartz products.