Search

Göreme National Park and Rocky Areas of Cappadocia which are located in UNESCO World Heritage List, being a touristic region attracting many visitors, cause to increase of pressure stemming from tourism and to affect cultural heritage elements. If local people think that the positive sides of touristic effects are more than the negative sides of touristic effects, the possibility of contribution to tourism would increase. Thereby in this study, the local people’s perspectives about the impact of demand for tourism in Cappadocia upon cultural heritage elements have been investigated. Data have been collected by performing face-to-face questionnaire technique. For determination of local people’s perspectives about “the impact of tourism demand upon cultural heritage”, the average of 18 expressions with Likert Scale have been taken. The local people’s perspectives have been determined to vary based on demographic factors (age, educational status, profession and residence) by ANOVA analysis. Also with frequency; it has been understood that the specific features of Nevşehir have been considered as fairy chimneys-natural landscape, ballooning, the pottery workshop activities and hiking in the valley; the local people’s perception intended to level of serving to visitors’ capacity of touristic region has been understood as “sufficient enough”; local people’s perception intended to level of touristic demand ratio to manufactured touristic product in this region has been understood as “demanded sufficient quantity”. When the local people's perceptions are examined about the effect of touristic demand to the elements of cultural heritage of Nevşehir, it can be said that they have the perception that the touristic demand has a negative effect on some aspects to the cultural heritage and a positive effect on some aspects. Therefore, it is thought that it would be beneficial to increase the activities that they think have a positive effect to the cultural heritage and to rearrange the activities that they think have a negative effect to the cultural heritage.

Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Ana Bilim Dalı, Bu çalışmada esas olarak, ekoturizmin varlığının kitle turizminin varlığından ne derece bağımsız olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Bunun yanısıra, ekoturizmin, turistin genel olarak seyahat deneyiminden beklediği yararların daha etkin bir şekilde gerçekleşmesi gibi bir anlam içerip içermediği araştırılmaktadır. Bu iki konunun birbiriyle ilişkisinin ortaya konulması da çalışmanın amaçları arasındadır. Literatürde bu konuyla ilgili birçok ipucu bulunmaktadır ve bunlardan yararlanılmıştır. Fakat bununla yetinilmeyip, araştırma, bir eko-köydeki anket ve işletme görüşmesi uygulamalarıyla da desteklenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bulgular göstermektedir ki, ekoturizmin kitle turizmine nisbî bir bağımlılığı olmakla birlikte, ekoturizmin “büyük ölçüde bağımsız” bir turizm biçimi sayılmalıdır. Turistin genel olarak seyahat deneyiminden beklediği yararların daha etkin bir şekilde gerçekleşmesine hizmet etme derecesi açısından ise ekoturizm kitle turizminden, daha iyi bir durumda olmakla birlikte bu farklılığın çok fazla olduğu söylenemez., The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which the existence of ecotourism is independent from the presence of mass tourism. In addition, ecotourism is explored as to whether the tourist expects to be more effective than the travel experience in general. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between these two issues. There are many clues on the subject in the literature and these have been utilized. However, this research has been tried to be supported by survey and business negotiation practices in an eco-village. The findings show that although ecotourism has a relative dependence on mass tourism, ecotourism should be considered a ine largely independent, form of tourism. Ecotourism is in a better position than mass tourism in terms of the degree to which the tourist generally serves the more effective way of the benefits expected from the travel experience, but this difference is not too much.

The article contains the results of a case study realized in two distinct areas - the ”Țara Dornelor” and ”Ținutul Neamțului”- in order to explain the characteristic elements which make them look alike or contrarily, differentiate them in terms of ethnographic tourism. There were observed, therefore, the measure and degree in which the tourists' motivation regarding a geographical area is influenced by variables that refer to natural and anthropic potential of the investigated area or contrarily, by variables related rather to socioeconomic features of respondents. The research methodology aimed to the preparing and applying of a questionnaire in the period April 2015 - February 2016 on a representative sample of 300 respondents, especially tourists encountered in those study areas, and the analysis and interpretation of data base were accomplished through parametric and non-parametric tests of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show the manner in which the tourists' motivation and the periodicity of touristic phenomenon is generally, different from one area to another.

Günümüz seyahat davranışları incelendiğinde turistlerin 3S adı verilen deniz-kum-güneş turizmi dışında alternatif turizme olan ilgilerinin her geçen gün arttığı görülmektedir. Özellikle eğitim ve kültür seviyesi yüksek turistler, kendiyaşam tarzlarından farklı olanı aramakta, bunun için modern teknolojik araçları da kullanarak özgün, kültürel ve yerel özeliklere sahip destinasyonlara seyahatleri tercih etmektedirler. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma ile özellikle Ankara ve çevre illere en yakın denize sahip olma özelliği ile bilinen Bartın İl’inin turist profili araştırması,turistik talebini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte yöreye turistik anlamda en fazla katkıyı sağlayan yerli turistlerin demografik özellikleri, seyahat ve tatildavranışı, beklentileri, yöredeki turistik ürünlere olan tatmin düzeyleri, beklentileri ve sadakat gibi değişkenler dikkate alınarak akademik çevrelerin, kamu ve özel sektör karar alıcıların faydalanabilecekleri güncel veriler sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Yazın incelendiğinde turizm talebi ile ilgili birçok tanımın karşımıza çıktığı görülmektedir. Yarcan (1994), turizm talebini turist gönderen bir merkezden turist çeken bir merkeze yönelik akım olarak tanımlarken; Sezgin ve Acar (1991) turizm amaçlı gezi yapma isteği ve gelirine sahip insan miktarı olarak tanımlamıştır. Turizm talebini etkileyen birtakım faktörler bulunmaktadır. Bunlar kısaca ekonomik, sosyal politik ve yasal, psikolojik faktörler olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu faktörler, bir destinasyona olantalebin belirlenmesinde büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca bu faktörler destinasyonun çekiciliği ile imajını doğrudan etkileyen faktörlerdir. Bununla birlikte turistik tüketici tekrar satın alma davranışı ve tavsiye kararında da önemlidir. Bu çalışmada verilere ulaşmada anket tekniği kullanılması, özellikle de turist akışının en yoğun olduğu yaz döneminde verilere ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma öncesi bahar aylarında bir pilot uygulama yapılarak anket sorularının geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği test edilmiştir. Katılımcıların Bartın’ı tercih nedenleri arasında; fiyat, deniz-kum-güneş, doğal güzellikler, eğlence gibi faktörler ön plana çıkmıştır When today's travel behaviours are examined, It has seen that tourists interests to alternative tourism have been increased besides 3S (sea-sand-sun) tourism. Especially tourists with high education and culture level looking for something different fromtheir own way of life and for this, they prefer to travel unique, cultural and local characteristic destinations also using modern technological tools. In this context, this study aims to reveal the relationship between Bartın Province's tourism profile research and its effect on the image of touristic destination and the effect and recommendation on re-purchasing, which is known to be the closest sea to Ankara and surrounding areas. It is aimed to provide updated data that domestic and foreign tourists can benefit from academic circles, public and private sector decision makers considering the demographic characteristics, travel and holiday behaviours, expectations, satisfaction levels with touristic products, expectancy and loyalty of local tourists. Whenthe literature is reviewed, it has seen that there are many definitions of tourism demand. Yarcan (1994) defines tourism demand as a trend towards a centre attracting tourists from a tourist destination; Sezgin and Acar (1991) defines the amount of peoplewho wants to travel for tourism and has income for this. There are a number of factors that affect tourism demand. These can be briefly expressed as economic, social, political and legal psychological factors. These factors have a great importance determination of demand for a destination. For all that, it’s also important for touristic consumer repurchase behaviour and recommendation decision. In this study, the survey technique was used to reach the data, particularly during the summer season when the tourist flow was most intense. In addition, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were tested by conducting a pilot in spring before the study.Among the participants’ reasons of going to the Bartın excursion; cost, sea-sun-sand, natural beauties and amusement factors come to the forefront.

The aim of the research is to investigate the forms of the demands of leisure tourism in a West-Hungarian industrial city, Győr. Today, Győr is still a traditional industrial city, its industry is mainly based on vehicle industry, but the role of tourism is increasing in the life of the city as well. Because of the industrial nature and the strong economy of the city, the ratio of business tourists is high. It can be stated that MICE tourism is dominating in Győr. Developments of the last decade can help the city with new tourism products to increase the leisure tourism. The new types of tourism – besides business tourism – can help the providers to increase the occupancy rates and the demand at the weekends. The research demonstrates the theoretical background of the topic, and it shows the present situation of the tourism in Győr with secondary data. The secondary research contains statistical data from the Hungarian Statistical Office and the city council, and it is based on the providers’ data. The next part of the paper shows the potential types of leisure tourism with the help of primary research. The primary research contains the results of an online questionnaire with a sample of 1000 potential customers. It is completed with 10 in-depth interviews with tourism experts, who explained their opinions about the opportunities of leisure tourism in Győr from the providers’ side. The online questionnaire was filled out in spring 2017 by customers, who have already stayed in Győr or plan to visit the city. At the same time in-depth interviews were made with hotel managers, head of touristic institutions and employees at the council. Based on the research it can be stated that the touristic supply of Győr allows the increase of the leisure tourism ratio in the city. Primarily, the cultural and health tourism show potential development, but the supply side of touristic services can be developed in order to increase the number of guest nights. The tourism marketing needs to be strengthened in the city, and a distinctive marketing activity - from other cities - is needed as well. To conclude, although Győr is an industrial city, it has a transforming industrial part, and tourism is also strongly present in its economy. Besides the leading role of business tourism, different types of leisure tourism have the opportunity to take place in the city., {"references":["Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO) Territorial and tourism statistics, 2016.","L. Cziglényi, Győr. Panoráma Kiadó, Budapest, 1987, p.20.","P. Jakab, E. Happ, Impact Assessment between the City and the Company Reputation, Economics and Sociology 2017, 10: (1) pp. 11-25. DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-1/20","G. J. Ashworth, Marketing the historic city for tourism. In: B. Goodall, G. J. Ashworth, (Eds.) Marketing in the tourism industry. Beckenham, Croom Heln, 1988","G. J. Ashworth, H. Vogd, Selling the City: Marketing Approaches in Public Sector Urban Planning. London, Belhaven Press, 1990,","M. C. Law, Urban Tourism. Attracting Visitors to Large Cities. London, New York, Mansell Publishing, 1996, p.15, pp.34-89.","K. A. Paskaleva-Shapira, New Paradigms in City Tourism Management: Redefining Destination Promotion, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 46, August 2007, 108–114. DOI: 10.1177/0047287507302394","C. Spirou, Urban Tourism and Urban Change. Cities in a Global Economy. New York, Routledge, 2011, pp.79-98.","G. Richards, Creativity and tourism: The state of the art, Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (4), 2011, pp. 1225–1253. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.008\n[10]\tG. Richards and J. Wilson, The impact of cultural events on city image: Rotterdam cultural capital of Europe 2001. Urban Studies, 41 (10), 2004, pp. 1931–1951. DOI: 10.1080/0042098042000256323\n[11]\tG. Richards, Creativity and tourism in the city, Current Issues in Tourism, 17:2, 2014, pp. 119-144, DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2013.783794\n[12]\tJ. F. Valls, J. Sureda, and G. Valls-Tuñon, Attractiveness Analysis of European Tourist Cities Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31:2, 2014. pp. 178-194, DOI: 10.1080/10548408.2014.873310\n[13]\tA. Cibinskienea, and G. Snieskieneb, Evaluation of city tourism competitiveness, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 213, 2015, pp. 105-110, DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.411\n[14]\tO. Tokarchuk, R. Gabriele, and O. Maurer, Development of city tourism and well-being of urban residents: A case of German Magic Cities, Tourism Economics, 2016, Vol. 23 (2) pp. 343–359. DOI: 10.1177/1354816616656272 \n[15]\tJ. Mikulić, K. Miličević, and D. Krešić, The relationship between brand strength and tourism intensity: empirical evidence from the EU capital cities, International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 10 Issue: 1, 2016, pp.14-23, DOI: 10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2015-0054\n[16]\tG. Michalkó, The theory and practice of urban tourism (A városi turizmus elmélete és gyakorlata) Budapest, MTA, Földrajztudományi Kutató Intézet, 1999, pp. 26-27.\n[17]\tA. Albert Tóth, The Impact of the Hotel Industry on the Competitiveness of Tourism Destinations in Hungary. Journal of Competitiveness, 8 (4), 2016, pp. 85-104. DOI: 10.7441/joc.2016.04.06\n[18]\tK. K. Tóthné, Győr today is not \"only\" an industrial city. Polgári Szemle, 11. Edition 4-6. 2015.\n[19]\tJ. Rechnitzer, Territorial capital in urban development – The code Győr (A területi tőke a városfejlődésben. A Győr-kód.) Budapest-Pécs, Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 2016.\n[20]\tBudai and Barta Consulting Ltd.,Tourism development strategy of Győr and its region (Győr és térsége turizmusfejlesztési stratégiája) 2007. p.10.\n[21]\thttp://m.hirek.gyor.hu/cikk/europa_ kulturalis_fovarosa_a_gyoriek_bevonasaval_keszul_a_varos_2023_ra.html. (15.08.2017) \n[22]\tA. Albert Tóth, The Hotel industry of Győr-Moson-Sopron county. (Győr-Moson-Sopron megye szállodaipara) NYME-Apáczai Csere János Kar. XIX. Apáczai napok, International Conference, 2016, pp. 579-589.\n[23]\tE. Happ, Sz. Ékes: Hungary In: TUČKOVÁ Zuzana (szerk.), The Meaning of Tourism and Tourism Services in the V4 Countries. 257 p.\nZilina: Georg, 2014. pp. 64-76.\n[24]\tA. Albert Tóth, The role and significance of cultural festivals and programs in the hotel industry. (A kulturális fesztiválok, programok szerepe és jelentősége a szállodaiparban) NYME-Apáczai Csere János Kar. XII. Apáczai napok, International Conference, 2009, pp. 486-493. \n[25]\tL. Cronbach, Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 1951, pp. 297–334. DOI: 10.1007/BF02310555"]}

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão do Turismo Internacional, 28 de Abril de 2017, Universidade dos Açores. Nas últimas décadas, o turismo enquanto atividade económica, tem sido considerado um fator de desenvolvimento e revitalização das zonas rurais. À semelhança do que acontece em Portugal Continental, o turismo em espaço rural (TER) é um produto turístico em franco crescimento no Arquipélago dos Açores. O aumento da procura turística fomentado pela liberalização do espaço aéreo, e a existência de poucos estudos acerca do TER nos Açores leva-nos a um desconhecimento do mercado, cada vez mais, vasto e diversificado. Atrair turistas é fundamental, mas não é suficiente, na medida em que, para esse fim, é necessário conhecer e perceber quem procura o produto e por que razão o procura. É neste sentido que surge este trabalho decorrente da necessidade de conhecer o perfil, as motivações e a satisfação dos turistas que procuram os estabelecimentos de turismo em espaço rural dos Açores, para que sejamos capazes de satisfazer necessidades e expetativas dos visitantes. ABSTRACT: In recent decades, tourism has been considered as a factor of development and revitalization of rural areas. Similar to what happens in the Portuguese mainland, rural tourism is facing a rapid growth in the Azores Archipelago. The increase in tourism demand fostered by liberalization of air space, and the existence of few studies about this type of tourism in the Azores, lead us with a lack of knowledge of such market which has become broader and diversified. Attracting tourists is important, but may not be enough, since that, for such a purpose, it is necessary to know and understand who demands the touristic products and the reasons behind such a decision. This work intends to shed some light on this issue by examining the profile, motivations and satisfaction of the tourists staying rural tourism accommodation units, in order meet their needs and expectations.

U svijetu postaje razne definicije turizma. Svaki čovjek, turist, posjetitelj na različite načine poistovjećuje turizam s putovanjem ili rekreacijom. Turist je svaka osoba koja putuje izvan mjesta stalnog boravka u turističku destinaciju kako bi sudjelovao u turističkim aktivnostima, ali bez obavljanja gospodarske djelatnosti. Vrlo važni su pokretački čimbenici koji su zaslužni za donošenje odluka o putovanju. Ti čimbenici su turistička potreba i turistička motivacija. Turizam se u svijetu prvo povezivao s migracijama stanovnika, ali ipak prva turistička putovanja bila su vezna uz Olimpijske igre. U Hrvatskoj turizam se je počeo razvijati 1850. godine kada su se otvarali prvi hospiciji za strance. Pojava selektivnih vrsta turizma zabilježena je 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća, a neka bitna obilježja su individualno putovanje i važnost aktivnosti u destinacijama. U današnje vrijeme selektivne vrste turizma su u stalnom razvoju, a neke od njih su zdravstveni turizam, vjerski, ekološki, dark turizam itd. Zbog velike masovnosti turista i onečišćenja turističkih destinacija pojavljuje se održivi razvoj turizma. Održivi razvoj je zasnovan na 4 glavna načela: ekološka održivost, sociokulturna, ekonomska i tehnološka održivost. Ekološki turizam je jedna od vrsta selektivnog turizma koji se odvija u zaštićenim područjima. Turisti koji sudjeluju u ekoturizmu su ekoturisti koji se dijele na meke i tvrde ekoturiste. Razlika je pasivno sudjelovanje mekih ekoturista u turističkim aktivnostima i fizička aktivnost tvrdih ekoturista. Zaštićena područja u Hrvatskoj jesu nacionalni parkovi, parkovi prirode, strogi rezervati itd. Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera je najstariji i najposjećeniji nacionalni park u Hrvatskoj. Sastoji se od 16 međusobno povezanih jezera. Park je zaštićen u 3 zone: zona stroge zaštite, zona aktivne zaštite i zona korištenja. Za svaku zonu točno su određene moguće aktivnosti posjetitelja kao i mjere kojih se treba pridržavati. There are different definitions of tourism in the world. Every man, tourist and visitor in many different ways identifies tourism with traveling or recreation. A tourist is every person which travels outside of the place of his permanent place of living to a tourist destination so that he can participate in tourist activities, but without doing any economic activity. Driving factors which are responsible for making decisions about travel are very important. At first, tourism in the world was connected with population migration, but the first touristic travels were bound to the Olympic Games. In Croatia, tourism started developing in the 1850. when the first hospices for foreigners were being opened. The appearance of selective types of tourism was noted in the 1970s, and some of the important characteristics are individual traveling and importance of activities at destinations. Nowadays, types of selective tourism are in constant development, and some of them are health tourism, religious, ecological, dark tourism and so on. Because of the massive numbers of tourists and the pollution of tourist destinations, sustainable development of tourism was introduced. Sustainable development is based on 4 main principles: ecological sustainability, social and cultural sustainability, economical sustainability and technological sustainability. Eco tourism is one of the types of selective tourism which takes place in protected areas. The tourists who participate in eco tourism are called eco tourists and they are divided in two groups: soft and hard eco tourists. The difference is passive participation of soft eco tourists in touristic activities and physical activity of hard eco tourists. Protected areas in Croatia include national parks, nature parks, strict reserves and so on. National park Plitvice Lakes is the oldest and most visited national park in Croatia. It consists of 16 intertwined lakes. The park is protected in 3 zones: strict protection, active protection and usage zone. Every zone has precisely determined activities in which tourists can participate in and measures with which tourists must comply.

La presente comunicación analiza el comportamiento de la demanda turística ante el crecimiento económico con objeto de poner de manifiesto la sensibilidad de la misma ante variaciones en los niveles de renta. En este sentido, se pretende ver en qué medida los niveles de renta determinan esta sensibilidad de la demanda turística respecto a las variaciones que experimenta esta variable. Para ello, se analizan una serie de países europeos, con diferentes niveles de renta per-cápita. The aim of this study is to analyse the behavior of the economic growth in the touristic demand, trying to highlight its sensitivity in relation to variations on the income levels. By doing this, we try to understand how these income levels cause the demand's sensibility regarding the variations that each variable experiments. For this purpose, we have analised different European countries with different income levels per head.

La presente comunicación analiza el comportamiento de la demanda turística ante el crecimiento económico con objeto de poner de manifiesto la sensibilidad de la misma ante variaciones en los niveles de renta. En este sentido, se pretende ver en qué medida los niveles de renta determinan esta sensibilidad de la demanda turística respecto a las variaciones que experimenta esta variable. Para ello, se analizan una serie de países europeos, con diferentes niveles de renta per-cápita. The aim of this study is to analyse the behavior of the economic growth in the touristic demand, trying to highlight its sensitivity in relation to variations on the income levels. By doing this, we try to understand how these income levels cause the demand's sensibility regarding the variations that each variable experiments. For this purpose, we have analised different European countries with different income levels per head.

La actividad turística se conforma en Andalucía como uno de los sectores económicos principales, siendo el turismo de sol y playa la actividad turística que más turistas e ingresos genera. Debido a esa importancia, el turismo de sol y playa está alcanzando su fase final de madurez en Andalucía, por lo que están surgiendo nuevos tipos de turismo, que bien se conformen como tipologías turísticas en sí generando por sí solas una demanda turística, o que se complementen con el turismo de sol y playa, creando una diversificación de la tipología principal. En este artículo tratamos una de esas nuevas tipologías, el turismo de aventura, profundizando en su concepto, evolución, características y determinando su mercado meta. Tourism is formed in Andalusia, as a fundamental economic activity, being sun and beach tourism activities, the ones that more tourists and income report. Due to this importance, in Andalusia the sun and beach tourism is reaching its final stage of maturity. New kinds of tourism are emerging, either they become tourist typologies themselves alone creating a demand for tourism, or complement to the sun and beach tourism, creating a diversification in the main typology. In this article, we focus on one of these new types, the adventure tourism, deepening its concept, evolution, characteristics and identifying your target market.

Tourism as a business activity in Croatia is a very potential economic activity. In order to improve that potential, tourism should be improved by a variety of other economic activities, such as urbanism and architecture, construction business, agriculture, IT and industrial business etc., but also the textile and apparel industry. Namely, determining the importance and impact of corporate dress code as a marginalized and ignored segment on micro-level in supply and demand touristic business entity is not in favor for textile industry. However, textile is part of tourism supply and demand, and the experts inside tourism recognize importance of many various textiles and apparel. In order to prove the importance and impact of corporative dress code, a survey was conducted. The results of the survey are encouraging. They show that there are potentials for using corporative dress code in touristic supply and the set-up hypothesis is confirmed.

A partir de una explotación específica de los datos aportados por la encuesta que en mayor medida recoge las actividades y movimientos turísticos de los españoles, Familitur (dirigida por el Instituto de Estudios Turísticos), se analiza el comportamiento de aquellos españoles que registran una mayor frecuencia de viajes a lo largo del año. La perspectiva de tal aproximación es inicialmente descriptiva: conocer hasta qué punto configuran un perfil social diferenciado o realizan otro tipo de viajes. Es decir, hasta qué punto se diferencian de los otros españoles, más allá de la diferencia que les singulariza como más viajeros. Pero también se intenta, con los límites derivados de las características de los datos obtenidos, avanzar explicaciones sobre tal diferenciación From a specific exploitation of the data contributed by the survey that in greater measure collects the activities and tourist movements of the Spaniards, Familitur (directed by the Instituto de Estudios Turísticos), the behavior of those Spaniards that register a greater frequency of trips along the year is analyzed. The perspective of such approximation is initially descriptive: to know up to what point they configure a social profile differentiated or they carry out another type of trips. That is to say, up to what point they are differentiated of the other Spaniards, beyond the difference that individualizes them as more travelers. But also it tries, with the limits of the characteristics of the data obtained, to advance explanations on such differentiation