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Seth M Pantanelli,1 Ashley Sun,1 Neal Kansara,2 Gerard Smits3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 3Computer and Statistical Consultants Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA, USACorrespondence: Seth M PantanelliDepartment of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, HU19, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA, Tel +1 717-531-5690, Fax +1 717-531-5009, Email spantanelli@pennstatehealth.psu.eduPurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the Barrett (BTC) and Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) Toric Calculators’ performance with regards to prediction of residual post-operative astigmatism after cataract surgery.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of de-identified data that was collected as part of a prospective multicenter clinical trial in which 109 eyes from 109 patients were implanted with a monofocal toric intraocular lens (IOL). Post-operative biometry was used to calculate the predicted post-operative residual astigmatism for each eye using the two different calculators. The vector difference between the actual and predicted residual astigmatism was calculated.Results: The mean absolute astigmatism prediction errors were 0.59 ± 0.38 D and 0.59 ± 0.36 D for the BTC and EVO calculators, respectively (p = 0.98). The centroid of the prediction errors were 0.18 D @ 89° ± 0.68 D and 0.20 D @ 89° ± 0.66 D, respectively (p = 0.21). The proportion of eyes in which the astigmatism prediction error was ≤ 0.5 D was 50% for BTC and 46% for EVO (p = 0.28). The proportion of eyes in which the post-operative astigmatism orientation was correctly predicted as being against-the-rule, with-the-rule, or oblique was 81% for BTC and 77% for EVO (p = 0.15).Conclusion: The Barrett and Emmetropia Verifying Optical Toric Calculators had similar performance with regards to their astigmatism prediction accuracy.Keywords: Barrett, EVO, astigmatism, toric, cataract, residual astigmatism

Matthew S Ward,1 Andrew C Hou,2 David A Murphy,2 Mason A Schmutz,3 Kamran M Riaz2 1Riverwoods Eye Center, Provo, UT, USA; 2Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; 3Excel Eye Center, Saratoga Springs, UT, USACorrespondence: Kamran M RiazDean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma, 608 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 313, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USATel +1 405-271-1095Fax +1 405-271-3680Email Kamran-Riaz@dmei.orgPurpose: To describe surgical technique and report short-term visual outcomes after suture-fixation of a single-piece eyelet-toric (SET) intraocular lens (IOL) for treatment of concurrent aphakia and astigmatism.Design: Retrospective, noncomparative, and non-consecutive case series.Methods: This was a case series of eleven eyes who underwent successful SET. Eligible eyes had loss of capsular support or aphakia with a minimum of symmetric corneal astigmatism 1.75 diopters (D). Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), magnitude of residual refractive cylinder, and complications resulting from the SET procedure.Results: Preoperative UDVA and CDVA in logMAR scale were 1.46 and 0.45, respectively. Mean preoperative keratometric and refractive cylinder were 3.67 D and 2.52D, respectively. Postoperative UDVA and CDVA were 0.51 and 0.27, respectively, three months after surgery (POM3). Residual refractive cylinder at POM3 was 0.93 D.Conclusion: SET technique reduced refractive cylinder and improved UDVA and CDVA. SET may be adapted by surgeons using a readily available IOL and familiar scleral-fixation maneuvers.Keywords: aphakia, toric, suture fixation, secondary lens, astigmatism

Pedro Manuel Baptista,1,2 Sílvia Monteiro,1 Ana Carolina Abreu,1 João Poças,1 Diana José,1 Miguel Lume,1 Maria do Céu Pinto1 1Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, PortugalCorrespondence: Pedro Manuel BaptistaCentro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto 4099-001, PortugalTel +351 917868372Email pedroyybaptista@gmail.comPurpose: To analyze and compare the mid-term objective and subjective performance of two phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) – Visian® ICL™ V4c and Artiflex® and to correlate those results with anatomical parameters.Patients and Methods: Observational retrospective study including thirty patients (15 for each PIOL) randomly selected from those who underwent bilateral implantation of one of the PIOLs (60 eyes were analysed). Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA and CDVA), anterior chamber structural parameters, and corneal endothelial cells density and morphology were evaluated. Quality of vision was assessed both subjectively with a questionnaire, and objectively using a double-pass technology optical quality analysis system.Results: At the end of follow-up the Artiflex® group showed better UDVA (0.95± 0.11 vs 0.99± 0.05, p=0.027) and higher proportion of eyes reaching at least 20/20 (28/30 vs 18/30, p=0.005). Excellent and similar objective scatter index (1.79± 0.9 vs 2.14± 1.6, p=0.306) and modular transfer function cutoff frequency (26.91± 9.2 vs 26.51± 11.9, p=0.784) results were achieved in the HD Analyzer® and the questionnaire showed comparable high Satisfaction (55.7± 3.5 vs 54.3± 5.4, p=0.386) and low Dysphotopsia Scores (3.1± 1.8 vs 2.1± 2.2, p=0.213). The ICL group showed inferior anterior chamber volume (p< 0.001), and angle (p< 0.001) and superior pupillary diameter (p=0.007). Minimum follow-up was 24 months.Conclusion: Both the Visian® ICLV4c™ and the Artiflex® showed excellent optical performance through the HD AnalyzerTM technology, translated in high patient satisfaction. Overall, both PIOLs showed similar safety, predictability, stability and effectiveness of for the reduction of high sphero-cylindrical refractive errors, despite better UDVA results with the Artiflex®.Keywords: astigmatism, Artiflex®, dysphotopsia, glare, halos, HD AnalyzerTM, high myopia, phakic intraocular lens, spheric, toric, Visian® ICLV4c&trade

Majid Moshirfar,1– 3 Andrew C Thomson,4 William B West Jr,5 MacGregor N Hall,4 Shannon E McCabe,1 Robert J Thomson,4 Yasmyne C Ronquillo,1 Phillip C Hoopes1 1Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA; 2John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 3Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT, USA; 4McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; 5University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USACorrespondence: Majid MoshirfarHoopes Vision Research Center, 11820 S. State Street Suite #200, Draper, UT 84020, USATel +1 801-568-0200Fax +1 801-563-0200Email cornea2020@me.comPurpose: To assess a single site’s initial experience with SMILE for the treatment of myopic astigmatism and compare outcomes and vector analysis results with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) results and published literature.Patients and Methods: Forty-eight eyes (29 patients) with mean preoperative sphere of − 5.11 ± 1.31 diopters (D) and cylinder of − 1.12 ± 0.60 D underwent SMILE. Visual acuity, refractive, and vector analysis outcomes as well as subjective measures were reported at three and twelve months postoperatively and compared with FDA results and the published literature between 2014 and 2020 involving treatment of patients with mean cylinders of >− 0.50 to ≤− 3.00 D.Results: At three and twelve months, 43 and 32 eyes were evaluated, respectively. At twelve months, mean cylinder power was reduced to − 0.38 ± 0.38 D with 78.1% achieving ≤± 0.50 D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) ≥ 20/20 was achieved in 77.4% of eyes by twelve months with 100% achieving ≥ 20/30 UDVA. No loss of corrected distance visual acuity was observed in eyes seen at twelve months. Correction index (CI) at twelve months was 0.90 indicating overall undercorrection of 10%. Twelve-month CI was 0.96, 0.90, and 0.83 in eyes with preoperative cylinders of

Seth M Pantanelli,1 Neal Kansara,1 Gerard Smits2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; 2Computer and Statistical Consultants Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA, USACorrespondence: Seth M PantanelliDepartment of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive; HU19, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USATel +1 717-531-5690Fax +1 717-531-5009Email spantanelli@pennstatehealth.psu.eduPurpose: To compare predictability of postoperative refractive astigmatism (RA) using the Emmetropic Verifying Optical (EVO) Toric Formula v2.0 to one that accounts only for anterior corneal astigmatism.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of de-identified data from a clinical trial including 9 sites across the United States. Preoperative biometry was used to predict postoperative RA with the implanted toric IOL using legacy enVista and EVO online calculators. The RA prediction error was computed between back-calculated postoperative RA and predicted residual RA. Outcome measures included vector (centroid) and arithmetic mean RA prediction error.Results: Comparison of calculators was based on 109 eyes, 97 (89%) of which were implanted with a toric IOL with an effective astigmatism power of 1.4 D or less. Centroid of the RA prediction errors was 0.37 D @ 178 and 0.17 D @ 090 for the legacy and EVO calculators, respectively (p < 0.0001). The proportion of eyes with an absolute RA prediction error ≤ 0.5 was 47.3% and 49.1% (p = 0.78), while the proportion of eyes ≤ 1.0 D was 82.7% and 89.1% (p = 0.03). Differences in the proportions ≤ 0.5 D existed for WTR (p = 0.015) but not ATR (p = 0.75) eyes. The proportion in which orientation of the predicted RA (ATR, WTR, or oblique) matched the actual RA was 62% and 78% for legacy and EVO calculators, respectively (p = 0.0029).Conclusion: The EVO Toric Formula v2.0 out-performed the legacy calculator with regards to predictions in eyes with low astigmatism.Keywords: cataract, toric, intraocular lens power, astigmatism, calculators, EVO

Seth M Pantanelli,1 Neal Kansara,1 Gerard Smits2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; 2Computer and Statistical Consultants Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA, USACorrespondence: Seth M PantanelliDepartment of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive; HU19, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USATel +1 717-531-5690Fax +1 717-531-5009Email spantanelli@pennstatehealth.psu.eduPurpose: To compare predictability of postoperative refractive astigmatism (RA) using the Emmetropic Verifying Optical (EVO) Toric Formula v2.0 to one that accounts only for anterior corneal astigmatism.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of de-identified data from a clinical trial including 9 sites across the United States. Preoperative biometry was used to predict postoperative RA with the implanted toric IOL using legacy enVista and EVO online calculators. The RA prediction error was computed between back-calculated postoperative RA and predicted residual RA. Outcome measures included vector (centroid) and arithmetic mean RA prediction error.Results: Comparison of calculators was based on 109 eyes, 97 (89%) of which were implanted with a toric IOL with an effective astigmatism power of 1.4 D or less. Centroid of the RA prediction errors was 0.37 D @ 178 and 0.17 D @ 090 for the legacy and EVO calculators, respectively (p < 0.0001). The proportion of eyes with an absolute RA prediction error ≤ 0.5 was 47.3% and 49.1% (p = 0.78), while the proportion of eyes ≤ 1.0 D was 82.7% and 89.1% (p = 0.03). Differences in the proportions ≤ 0.5 D existed for WTR (p = 0.015) but not ATR (p = 0.75) eyes. The proportion in which orientation of the predicted RA (ATR, WTR, or oblique) matched the actual RA was 62% and 78% for legacy and EVO calculators, respectively (p = 0.0029).Conclusion: The EVO Toric Formula v2.0 out-performed the legacy calculator with regards to predictions in eyes with low astigmatism.Keywords: cataract, toric, intraocular lens power, astigmatism, calculators, EVO

Seth M Pantanelli,1 Ashley Sun,1 Neal Kansara,2 Gerard Smits3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 3Computer and Statistical Consultants Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA, USACorrespondence: Seth M Pantanelli,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, HU19, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA, Tel +1 717-531-5690, Fax +1 717-531-5009, Email spantanelli@pennstatehealth.psu.eduPurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the Barrett (BTC) and Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) Toric Calculators’ performance with regards to prediction of residual post-operative astigmatism after cataract surgery.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of de-identified data that was collected as part of a prospective multicenter clinical trial in which 109 eyes from 109 patients were implanted with a monofocal toric intraocular lens (IOL). Post-operative biometry was used to calculate the predicted post-operative residual astigmatism for each eye using the two different calculators. The vector difference between the actual and predicted residual astigmatism was calculated.Results: The mean absolute astigmatism prediction errors were 0.59 ± 0.38 D and 0.59 ± 0.36 D for the BTC and EVO calculators, respectively (p = 0.98). The centroid of the prediction errors were 0.18 D @ 89° ± 0.68 D and 0.20 D @ 89° ± 0.66 D, respectively (p = 0.21). The proportion of eyes in which the astigmatism prediction error was ≤ 0.5 D was 50% for BTC and 46% for EVO (p = 0.28). The proportion of eyes in which the post-operative astigmatism orientation was correctly predicted as being against-the-rule, with-the-rule, or oblique was 81% for BTC and 77% for EVO (p = 0.15).Conclusion: The Barrett and Emmetropia Verifying Optical Toric Calculators had similar performance with regards to their astigmatism prediction accuracy.Keywords: Barrett, EVO, astigmatism, toric, cataract, residual astigmatism

We define the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization via T-modules for a b-symplectic toric manifold and show that it coincides with the formal geometric quantization of [GMW18b]. In particular, we prove that its dimension is given by a signed count of the integral points in the moment polytope of the toric action on the manifold. We define the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization via T-modules for a b-symplectic toric manifold and show that it coincides with the formal geometric quantization of [GMW18b]. In particular, we prove that its dimension is given by a signed count of the integral points in the moment polytope of the toric action on the manifold. Finançat pel projecte ICREA ACADEMIA 2016-05 i ICREA ACADEMIA 2021

Matthew S Ward,1 Andrew C Hou,2 David A Murphy,2 Mason A Schmutz,3 Kamran M Riaz2 1Riverwoods Eye Center, Provo, UT, USA; 2Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; 3Excel Eye Center, Saratoga Springs, UT, USACorrespondence: Kamran M RiazDean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma, 608 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 313, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USATel +1 405-271-1095Fax +1 405-271-3680Email Kamran-Riaz@dmei.orgPurpose: To describe surgical technique and report short-term visual outcomes after suture-fixation of a single-piece eyelet-toric (SET) intraocular lens (IOL) for treatment of concurrent aphakia and astigmatism.Design: Retrospective, noncomparative, and non-consecutive case series.Methods: This was a case series of eleven eyes who underwent successful SET. Eligible eyes had loss of capsular support or aphakia with a minimum of symmetric corneal astigmatism 1.75 diopters (D). Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), magnitude of residual refractive cylinder, and complications resulting from the SET procedure.Results: Preoperative UDVA and CDVA in logMAR scale were 1.46 and 0.45, respectively. Mean preoperative keratometric and refractive cylinder were 3.67 D and 2.52D, respectively. Postoperative UDVA and CDVA were 0.51 and 0.27, respectively, three months after surgery (POM3). Residual refractive cylinder at POM3 was 0.93 D.Conclusion: SET technique reduced refractive cylinder and improved UDVA and CDVA. SET may be adapted by surgeons using a readily available IOL and familiar scleral-fixation maneuvers.Keywords: aphakia, toric, suture fixation, secondary lens, astigmatism

Hung-Yuan Lin,1–3 Ya-Jung Chuang,4 Pi-Jung Lin,5 Yi-Ju Ho6 1Universal Eye Center, Zhong-Li, Taiwan, Republic of China; 2Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China; 3Ophthalmology Department, Shanghai Ruidong Hospital, Shanghai, China; 4Universal Eye Center, Long-Tan, Taiwan, Republic of China; 5Universal Eye Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 6Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of a new method involving the use of the Verion image-guided system in preventing cyclorotation during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Patients: Our preliminary data included details of 24 consecutive patients. All patients underwent cataract surgery at Universal Eye Center, Zhong-Li, Taiwan, between December 2016 and January 2017. Methods: We developed a technique to use the Verion image-guided system in FLACS and evaluated whether this new technique is compatible with Femto LDV Z8. The Verion image-guided system was used to prevent misalignments. The only additional step in this technique is using a marking tool to place ink on the corneal limbus (at 3 and 9 o’clock positions) guided by the Verion digital marker system. Remaining procedures could be performed using the touchscreen of Femto LDV Z8 to calibrate the horizontal reference axis. Results: This study included 24 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The technique used could effectively neutralize misalignments at an average of 8.08° and 2.66° in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. Conclusion: This technique combines the advantages of iris fingerprinting technology and mobile features of Femto LDV Z8, has fewer transfer steps, improves centration of the eyes, and, most importantly, can prevent misalignments through cyclotorsion or docking procedures. Furthermore, this method can improve the accuracy of arcuate incisions and toric intraocular lens alignment in astigmatism correction. Keywords: cyclotorsion, astigmatism, alignment, fingerprint technology, toric

Jill Saxon, Marjorie J Rah, William T Reindel Vision Care, Bausch & Lomb Incorporated, Rochester, NY, USA Purpose: The purpose of this evaluation was to compare the experience of habitual contact lens wearers with that of nonwearers when fitted with a novel toric nesofilcon A contact lens (Biotrue ONEday for Astigmatism lens; Bausch & Lomb Incorporated, Rochester, NY, USA), for wearer comfort, vision, and satisfaction in a real-world setting.Materials and methods: Participating eye care practitioners (ECPs) prescribed toric nesofilcon A lenses to their astigmatic patients as part of their routine clinical practices. Accordingly, 1,253 patients successfully completed the evaluation; of these, 51% wore contact lenses habitually, 41% wore eyeglasses, and 8% had no prior vision correction. All wore the lenses for at least 4 days, and 74% wore them for an average of 9 hours or more per day. After at least 4 days of wear, each patient completed an online survey to evaluate his or her level of satisfaction regarding comfort and vision. As this postmarket evaluation was observational, data were analyzed to determine whether more patients than not agreed with individual statements regarding lens performance, and whether there was any difference in response between habitual contact lens wearers and nonwearers.Results: As a measure of general satisfaction, 96% of patients indicated that their overall opinion of the toric nesofilcon A lens was good to excellent. Further, more patients than not agreed that the lens performed well with regard to all aspects of vision and comfort queried (P

The current investigation evaluates the efficiency of the trifocal toric Liberty 677MTY intraocular lens (IOL) in correcting preoperative corneal astigmatism in cataract patients demanding spectacle independence. The retrospective evaluation included 28 eyes of 15 patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism of at least 1.0 Dioptre (D). All patients were followed up for one year postoperatively. Residual refractive errors and visual acuities at multiple distances were measured. Binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity defocus curves were plotted. Visual functions and patient satisfaction were assessed. The efficiency of astigmatism correction was determined using the vector analysis method. The mean spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) improved from 2.72 ± 1.62 D to 0.10 ± 0.48 D. The cylindric refraction decreased from 1.18 ± 0.45 D to 0.16 ± 0.31 D. Vector analysis proved efficient astigmatism correction with a centroid of 0.10 ± 0.34 D at 161°. Ninety-two percent of eyes resulted within 0.5 D from the target refraction. Visual acuities were 0.1 logMAR or better from +1.0 to −3.5 D defocus values. Visual tasks could be performed without major difficulties. Our patients were highly satisfied. Refractive and visual outcomes with the investigated presbyopia-correcting toric IOL are predictable and the lens provides excellent trifocal vision.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the mid-term objective and subjective performance of two phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) - Visian® ICL™ V4c and Artiflex® and to correlate those results with anatomical parameters. Patients and methods: Observational retrospective study including thirty patients (15 for each PIOL) randomly selected from those who underwent bilateral implantation of one of the PIOLs (60 eyes were analysed). Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA and CDVA), anterior chamber structural parameters, and corneal endothelial cells density and morphology were evaluated. Quality of vision was assessed both subjectively with a questionnaire, and objectively using a double-pass technology optical quality analysis system. Results: At the end of follow-up the Artiflex® group showed better UDVA (0.95±0.11 vs 0.99±0.05, p=0.027) and higher proportion of eyes reaching at least 20/20 (28/30 vs 18/30, p=0.005). Excellent and similar objective scatter index (1.79±0.9 vs 2.14±1.6, p=0.306) and modular transfer function cutoff frequency (26.91±9.2 vs 26.51±11.9, p=0.784) results were achieved in the HD Analyzer® and the questionnaire showed comparable high Satisfaction (55.7±3.5 vs 54.3±5.4, p=0.386) and low Dysphotopsia Scores (3.1±1.8 vs 2.1±2.2, p=0.213). The ICL group showed inferior anterior chamber volume (p

AIM: To compare clinical results between toric and spherical periphery design orthokeratology (ortho-k) in myopic children with moderate-to-high corneal astigmatism. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 62 eyes of 62 subjects using toric ortho-k lenses. These subjects were assigned to the toric group. Based on the one-to-one match principle (same age, proximate spherical equivalence and corneal astigmatism), 62 eyes of 62 subjects were enrolled and included in the spherical group. At one-year follow-up visit, visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, treatment zone decentration, axial elongation and adverse reaction were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: At the one-year visit, corneal astigmatism was significantly lower in the toric group (1.22±0.76 D) than in the spherical group (2.05±0.85 D) (P=0.012). The mean magnitude of the treatment zone decentration was 0.62±0.42 mm in the toric group and 1.07±0.40 mm in the spherical group (P=0.004). Axial elongation was significantly slower in the toric group (0.04±0.13 mm) than in the spherical group (0.09±0.13 mm) (P=0.001). The one-year axial elongation was significantly correlated with initial age (r=-0.487, P

A 79-year-old man underwent phacoemulsification (phaco) with TORIC intraocular lens (IOL) insertion combined with Kahook dual blade (KDB) goniotomy of the right eye several months after a stand-alone phaco in the fellow eye. He had significant against-the-rule astigmatism in both eyes (2.41D @ 10° right, 2.40D @ 160° left) preoperatively. Postoperatively, nearly all corneal astigmatism disappeared in the right eye (0.60D @ 37°), while it remained the same in the left eye (2.00D @ 167°). Ophthalmologists should be aware that KDB may have an unreported effect of altering corneal astigmatism, which should be considered when inserting TORIC IOL. How to cite this article Hirabayashi MT, McDaniel LM, et al. Reversal of Toric Intraocular Lens-corrected Corneal Astigmatism after Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2019;13(1):42–44.

Kjell Gunnar Gundersen,1 Rick Potvin2 1Ifocus Øyeklinikk AS, Haugesund, Norway; 2Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide clinical outcomes data related to secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for the correction of residual refractive error after cataract surgery.Patients and methods: A chart review was conducted to identify all eyes implanted with the monofocal spherical or toric AddOn® secondary IOL. Data were collated from charts where uncomplicated initial cataract surgery was completed. Measures of interest included the original IOL implanted, the postoperative refractive error (before secondary IOL implantation) and the associated corrected and uncorrected visual acuities (VAs). Postoperative data of interest included the residual refractive error, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA).Results: Refractive and VA data from 1 week to 3 months post-surgery were available for 46 of 70 eyes implanted with a secondary IOL by one surgeon at one practice between 4/15 and 3/17. There was a statistically significant improvement in UCVA of about 2 lines after surgery (p

Kjell Gunnar Gundersen,1 Rick Potvin2 1Ifocus Øyeklinikk AS, Haugesund, Norway; 2Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide clinical outcomes data related to secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for the correction of residual refractive error after cataract surgery.Patients and methods: A chart review was conducted to identify all eyes implanted with the monofocal spherical or toric AddOn® secondary IOL. Data were collated from charts where uncomplicated initial cataract surgery was completed. Measures of interest included the original IOL implanted, the postoperative refractive error (before secondary IOL implantation) and the associated corrected and uncorrected visual acuities (VAs). Postoperative data of interest included the residual refractive error, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA).Results: Refractive and VA data from 1 week to 3 months post-surgery were available for 46 of 70 eyes implanted with a secondary IOL by one surgeon at one practice between 4/15 and 3/17. There was a statistically significant improvement in UCVA of about 2 lines after surgery (p

Islam Mahmoud Hamdi1,2 1Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Ophthalmology Consultant, The Eye Consultants Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Islam Mahmoud HamdiThe Eye Consultants Center, PO Box 15637, Jeddah 21454, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 12 556888135Email islammhamdi@hotmail.comPurpose: To study the patients’ perception of trifocal IOL (Panoptix™) performance.Patients and methods: 60 eyes of 35 were implanted with trifocal IOL. Refractive (sphere – S, cylinder – Cyl and spherical equivalent – SE, all in D) and visual (distance uncorrected – VAsc, distance corrected – VAcc, intermediate – IntVA, near uncorrected – NVAsc and distance corrected near – NVAcc, all in LogMAR) results were recorded. Patients were asked about satisfaction (per eye), spectacle independence, near and intermediate activities, distance activities in quantity and quality, finally about personal facial care (per patient). Comparison was made between non-toric (48) and toric models, genders (18 males) and between bilateral (25 patients) and unilateral implantations. Results were correlated to age and IOL power.Results: With a SE of mean −0.3 ± 0.5 D, cases achieved mean VAsc 0.09 ± 0.1 (∼20/25), VAcc 0.05 ± 0.1 (∼20/22), IntVA 0.05 ± 0.9 (∼20/22), NVAsc 0.05 ± 0.09 (∼Ì´20/22) and NVAcc 0.04 ± 0.8 (Ì´∼20/22). Mean level of satisfaction was 85.7 ± 16.5, spectacle independence 96.0 ± 10.6, near activities 95.4 ± 9.8, intermediate activities 97.7 ± 6.4, quantity of distance activities 90.2 ± 10.1, quality of distance activities 88.0 ± 12.1 and facial care 92.6 ± 11.9. All comparisons (non-toric and toric, male and female and bilateral and unilateral implantation) were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Correlation with age and IOL power was also statistically insignificant (P>0.05).Conclusion: As perceived by patients, trifocal IOL resulted in very high level of satisfaction. This satisfaction is reflected on diverse visual activities. This level is achieved regardless of gender, IOL model or even unilateral implantation. It is also achieved regardless the age of patients or preoperative eye status.Keywords: Panoptix, trifocal, toric, subjective

J Sha,1 C Fedtke,1,2 D Tilia,1,2 N Yeotikar,1 M Jong,1,2 J Diec,1 V Thomas,1 RC Bakaraju1,2 1Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Purpose: To ascertain the impact of altering cylinder (cyl) power and axis on vision in astigmatism. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, participant-masked, crossover clinical trial, 28 astigmatic participants were tested for the following conditions on different days: full sphero-cyl correction and undercorrection by 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 DC while maintaining spherical equivalence. Axis was also misaligned between –30° and +30°, in 10° steps. For each configuration, monocular high- and low-contrast visual acuities (HCVA, LCVA) were measured at 6 m, and participants rated vision clarity (1–10), vision satisfaction (1–10), and vision acceptability (yes/no). Linear mixed models were used to compare visual performance in the overall group and in low, medium, and high cyl subgroups. Results: Undercorrecting cyl power affected all groups equally (P≥0.073). Undercorrection by 0.75 DC was significantly different to full cyl power for all variables (P≤0.007), while 0.25 DC undercorrection did not cause any significant decreases (P>0.05). Undercorrection by 0.50 DC was significantly different to full cyl power for HCVA (P=0.006, however not clinically significant) and vision acceptability (P=0.034). Axis misalignment affected the cyl groups differently (P

This book provides a complete overview of the bag-in-the-lens implantation technique written by the pioneering force herself. The technique first developed for the adults and later for paediatrics has had overwhelmingly positive outcomes in reduction of posterior capsular opacification and stability. Nowadays, it is used as a primary approach in all patients with cataract. The initial version of the bag-in-the-lens implant is a monofocal spherical hydrophilic intraocular lens comprised of a 5mm bi-convex optic with two elliptical plane haptics. Bag-in-the-Lens Cataract Surgery guides through the steps required to achieve successful implantation in a concise and highly illustrated format to portray how to effectively perform this surgery. The toric version was launched in 2009 and the diffractive version is on its way. New and experienced ophthalmic surgeons will find this guide to be an indispensable resource for utilizing this technique to successfully treat adult and paediatric cataract patients in their daily clinical practice

Kjell Gunnar Gundersen,1 Sarah Makari,2 Steffen Ostenstad,1 Rick Potvin2 1Ifocus Eye Clinic, Haugesund, Norway; 2Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA Purpose: To determine the incidence and etiology of required retreatment after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and to evaluate the methods and clinical outcomes of retreatment.Patients and methods: A retrospective chart review of 416 eyes of 209 patients from one site that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation. Biometry, the IOL, and refractive data were recorded after the original implantation, with the same data recorded after retreatment. Comments related to vision were obtained both before and after retreatment for retreated patients.Results: The multifocal retreatment rate was 10.8% (45/416 eyes). The eyes that required retreatment had significantly higher residual refractive astigmatism compared with those who did not require retreatment (1.21±0.51D vs 0.51±0.39D, P

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the refractive results on a large cohort of patients who were implanted spherical or toric multifocal IOL's for cataract surgery or for refractive purpose. Preoperative refractive investigations included auto refractometer topography, pentacam, contact and noncontact biometry and many non-refractive investigations. The target in multifocal IOL usage was emmetropia and it was achieved in most cases. Ametropia occurrence involved correction in different ways.

Background To compare the clinical outcome of Precizon toric intraocular lens (IOL) (Ophtec Inc.) to that of Tecnis toric IOL (Abbott Medical Optics Inc.). Methods This randomized comparative study included 40 eyes (Precizon, 20 eyes; Tecnis, 20 eyes) of 40 patients with visually significant cataract and corneal astigmatism who underwent cataract surgery. Changes in uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA), best corrected distant visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA), refraction, residual astigmatism, rotation of the IOL axis, and higher order aberrations at 3 months postoperatively were evaluated. Vector analysis was performed using the Alpins method. Results Both groups showed significant reduction in refractive astigmatism after the surgery (Precizon: − 1.06 ± 0.94 Diopter (D) to − 0.31 ± 0.29 D, p = 0.042; Tecnis: − 1.83 ± 1.29 D to − 0.41 ± 0.33 D, p = 0.015). There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in postoperative UCDVA, BCDVA, or residual astigmatism between the two groups, although a tendency of better UCIVA was observed in the Precizon group. Vector analysis parameters showed no statistically significant difference beween groups(P > 0.05). Significant difference in rotation of toric IOL axis was found between the two groups (Precizon: 1.50° ± 0.84, Tecnis: 2.56° ± 0.68, p = 0.010). Spherical aberration in the Precizon group was significantly (p = 0.005) lower than that in the Tecnis group. Conclusions The Precizon toric IOL group had better rotational stability at 3-month postoperatively. Both Precizon toric IOL and Tecnis toric IOL could be effectively used by cataract surgeons to correct preexisting corneal astigmatism through cataract surgery. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03085901, retrospectively registered on 21 March 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-018-0955-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Let [math] be a projective normal toric variety and [math] a rank- [math] subtorus of the defining torus [math] of [math] . We show that the normalization of the Chow quotient [math] , in the sense of Kapranov, Sturmfels, and Zelevinsky, coarsely represents the moduli space of stable log maps to [math] with discrete data given by [math] . We also obtain similar results when [math] is a homomorphism that is not necessarily an embedding.

This thesis falls within the context of global and local geometric classification of q-difference equations. In a first part we study the global behaviour of some systems derived from q-Painlevé equations and introduced by Murata. We do so by constructing a Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff correspondence between such systems and their connexion matrices. In a second part we work on local classification by providing a construction of an equivariant vector bundle over the space of all formal classes with two slopes, the fibre over a formal class being the space of its isoformal analytic classes. As the action of the group of automorphisms of the graded module arises naturally when we study this bundle, we take an interest in the study of the space of analytic classes, which is the space of isoformal analytic classes modulo this action. We propose a first approach of such a classification by using toric varieties. In a third part we construct q-Stokes, i.e. meromorphic solutions of systems, in the context of systems with one non-integral slope and one equal to zero, this by using q-Borel and q-Laplace transforms.; Cette thèse s'intéresse à la classification géométrique, locale et globale, des équations aux q-différences. Dans un premier temps nous réalisons une étude globale de certains systèmes dérivés des équations de q-Painlevé et introduits par Murata, en proposant une correspondance de Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff entre de tels systèmes et leurs matrices de connexion. Dans un second temps nous nous intéressons à la classification locale, en construisant un fibré vectoriel équivariant sur l'espace des classes formelles à deux pentes dont la fibre au dessus d'une classe formelle est l'espace de ses classes analytiques isoformelles. Ceci fait, voyant que l'action du groupe des automorphismes du gradué s'impose naturellement dans l'étude de ce fibré, nous nous intéressons à l'espace des classes analytiques, soit des classes analytiques isoformelles modulo cette action, dont nous proposons dans un cas restreint une première approche de classification via l'utilisation de variétés toriques. Dans un troisième temps nous construisons, via des transformations de q-Borel et de q-Laplace, des q-Stokes, soit des solutions méromorphes de systèmes, dans le cadre des systèmes à deux pentes dont une non entière et une nulle.

Classical theorems of Gel'fand et al., and recent results of Beukers, show that non-confluent Cohen-Macaulay A-hypergeometric systems have reducible monodromy representation if and only if the continuous parameter is A-resonant. We remove both the confluence and Cohen-Macaulayness conditions while simplifying the proof., 9 pages, final version

We develop differential and symplectic geometry of differentiable Deligne-Mumford stacks (orbifolds) including Hamiltonian group actions and symplectic reduction. As an application we construct new examples of symplectic toric DM stacks as symplectic quotients of C^NxBG, where G is a finite non-abelian group., Comment: 14 pages v2: minor changes

Purpose To investigate the effect of surgically induced corneal astigmatism (SICA) and total corneal astigmatism (TCA) estimation on the anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA)-based toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculation. Methods Data from preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism, postoperative visual acuities, and refractive outcomes were collected. The incision was superior in with the rule anterior corneal astigmatism (WTRA) eyes and temporal in against the rule anterior corneal astigmatism eyes. The following five methods of calculating the toric IOL were compared: (1) ACA only and estimated SICA; (2) ACA with a fixed posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) and estimated SICA; (3) ACA with a fixed PCA value and actual SICA; (4) and (5) TCA derived from the regression equations of ACA and actual SICA. The residual astigmatism was simulated. The Alpins method was used to analyze the astigmatism. Results Sixty eyes from 46 patients were enrolled. Thirty eyes had WTRA and the other thirty had against the rule anterior corneal astigmatism. The vector and arithmetic means of the difference vector decreased when the information regarding the actual SICA and PCA was added to the calculation (from 0.59 diopters [D] @ 87.5° to 0.15 D @ 48.5°, and from 0.95 ± 0.53 to 0.71 ± 0.63 D, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean difference vector across the whole sample was lowest using model 5. The correction index was significantly closest to 1.0 in the WTRA group. Conclusions Researchers may improve the accuracy of post-implantation predictions by calculating toric IOL using exact SICA and TCA, with consideration of the PCA derived from the regression equation of ACA.

We generalize the work of Jian Song to compute the alpha invariant of any (nef and big) toric line bundle in terms of the associated polytope. We use the analytic version of the computation of the log canonical threshold of monomial ideals to give the log canonical threshold of any non-negatively curved singular hermitian metric on the line bundle, and deduce the alpha invariant from this., Comment: 13 pages. Minor corrections, and references added. Published version

We study first order deformations of the tangent sheaf of resolutions of Calabi-Yau threefolds that are of the form $\CC^3/\ZZ_r$, focusing on the cases where the orbifold has an isolated singularity. We prove a lower bound on the number of deformations of the tangent bundle for any crepant resolution of this orbifold. We show that this lower bound is achieved when the resolution used is the G-Hilbert scheme, and note that this lower bound can be found using a combinatorial count of (0,2)-deformation moduli fields forN=(2,2) conformal field theories on the orbifold. We also find that in general this minimum is not achieved, and expect the discrepancy to be explained by worldsheet instanton corrections coming from rational curves in the orbifold resolution. We show that irreducible toric rational curves will account for some of the discrepancy, but also prove that there must be additionalworldsheet instanton corrections beyond those from smooth isolated rational curves.

AIM:To evaluate the application of diclofenac sodium eye drops in toric intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: From January 2011 to February 2012, 38 eyes of 37 patients, who underwent toric intraocular lens implantation in this hospital, were randomly divided into diclofenac sodium eye drops group(trial group)and control group. Patient's degree of cooperation during surgery and inflammation postoperation after 1 day, 3,7, days, 1 month and 3 months were evaluated. RESULTS: Patient's degree of cooperation during surgery in the trial group(1.53±0.62)was significantly better than in the control group(2.40±0.88, P

Koreguoti kliniškai reikšmingą astigmatizmą būtina, nes visai nekoreguotas ar neteisingoje ašyje iškoreguotas astigmatizmas sukelia ne tik blogą matymą, bet ir astenopiją. Koreguoti kliniškai reikšmingą astigmatizmą būtina, nes visai nekoreguotas ar neteisingoje ašyje iškoreguotas astigmatizmas sukelia ne tik blogą matymą, bet astenopiją. Toriniai kontaktiniai lęšiai (TKL) suteikia galimybę labai tiksliai ištaisyti šią ydą, bet viena būtina sąlyga - jie turi būti stabilioje padėtyje. TKL stabilumas priklauso nuo vokų plyšio, ragenos formos, vokų prispaudimo jėgos, o taip pat nuo refrakcijos ydos dydžio ir astigmatizmo ašies. N Scientific and Technical Progress century eyesight play an increasingly larger burden. To adjust clinically significant astigmatism is necessary, because completely uncorrected or wrong corrected axis of astigmatism cause not only poor vision, but asthenopia. Toric contact lenses (TKL) allows very precise remedy of this defect, but one necessary condition - they must be in a stable position. TKL stability depends on the eye crack opening, corneal shape, eyelid clamping force, as well as the refractive defect size and astigmatism axis.

We build homogeneous quasi-morphisms on the universal cover of the contactomorphism group for certain prequantizations of monotone symplectic toric manifolds. This is done using Givental's nonlinear Maslov index and a contact reduction technique for quasi-morphisms. We show how these quasi-morphisms lead to a hierarchy of rigid subsets of contact manifolds. We also show that the nonlinear Maslov index has a vanishing property, which plays a key role in our proofs. Finally we present applications to orderability of contact manifolds and Sandon-type metrics on contactomorphism groups., Comment: 40 pages, 1 figure; v3: added proof of C^0 continuity, minor corrections. To appear in Geometry & Topology

Kjell Gunnar Gundersen,1 Sarah Makari,2 Steffen Ostenstad,1 Rick Potvin2 1Ifocus Eye Clinic, Haugesund, Norway; 2Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA Purpose: To determine the incidence and etiology of required retreatment after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and to evaluate the methods and clinical outcomes of retreatment.Patients and methods: A retrospective chart review of 416 eyes of 209 patients from one site that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation. Biometry, the IOL, and refractive data were recorded after the original implantation, with the same data recorded after retreatment. Comments related to vision were obtained both before and after retreatment for retreated patients.Results: The multifocal retreatment rate was 10.8% (45/416 eyes). The eyes that required retreatment had significantly higher residual refractive astigmatism compared with those who did not require retreatment (1.21±0.51D vs 0.51±0.39D, P

We introduce open quasitoric manifolds and their functorial properties, including complex bundle maps of their stable tangent bundles, and relate these new spaces to the standard constructions of toric topology: quasitoric manifolds, moment angle manifolds and polyhedral products.We extend the domain of these constructions to countably infinite simplicial complexes, clarifying and generalising constructions of Davis and Januszkiewicz. In particular we describe final spaces in the categories of open quasitoric manifolds and quasitoric spaces, as well as in the categories of characteristic pairs and dicharacteristic pairs. We show how quasitoric manifolds can be constructed smoothly as pullbacks of the final spaces QT(n) for n >= 1, and how stably complex structure also arises this way.We calculate the integral cohomology of quasitoric spaces over Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes, including the final spaces QT(n) as a special case. We describe a procedure for calculating the Chern numbers of a quasitoric manifold M and, relating this to our cohomology calculations, show how it may be interpreted in terms of the simplicial homology of H(n), the simplicial complex underlying QT(n).

Original manuscript July 5, 2011, Let O[superscript 2n] be a symplectic toric orbifold with a fixed T[superscript n]-action and with a toric Kähler metric g. In [10] we explored whether, when O is a manifold, the equivariant spectrum of the Laplace operator Δ[subscript g] on C[superscript ∞](O) determines O up to symplectomorphism. In the setting of toric orbifolds we significantly improve upon our previous results and show that a generic toric orbifold is determined by its equivariant spectrum, up to two possibilities. This involves developing the asymptotic expansion of the heat trace on an orbifold in the presence of an isometry. We also show that the equivariant spectrum determines whether the toric Kähler metric has constant scalar curvature., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DMS-1005696)

Propósito: Valorar los resultados a medio plazo del implante de lentes intraoculares tóricas Acrysof en 54 pacientes (54 ojos). Método: Los parámetros analizados fueron mejor agudeza visual sin corrección (AVSC) y agudeza visual mejor corregida (AVMC), astigmatismo preoperatorio y residual postoperatorio, y rotación de la lente globalmente y en cada modelo de lente intraocular empleado. Resultados: A los 2 meses del seguimiento, la AVSC media total fue de 0,83 (DS: 0,14) Snellen, estando el 73,9% de ellos con AVSC >0,8 y el 32,6% en 1,0. La AVMC fue de 0,94 (DS: 0,10). El astigmatismo medio preoperatorio fue de -2,25 dioptrías (D) (DS: 0,78), siendo el astigmatismo medio postoperatorio total de -0,32 D (DS: 0,56), con diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos (p0.8, and 32.6% with 1.0. Mean BCVA achieved was 0.94 (SD: 0.10). Mean preoperatory astigmatism was -2.25 diopters (D) (SD: 0.78), and mean postoperative astigmatism was -0.32 D (SD: 0.56), with significant differences between both groups (p

We use methods from combinatorics and algebraic statistics to study analogues of birth-and-death processes that have as their state space a finite subset of the $m$-dimensional lattice and for which the $m$ matrices that record the transition probabilities in each of the lattice directions commute pairwise. One reason such processes are of interest is that the transition matrix is straightforward to diagonalize, and hence it is easy to compute $n$ step transition probabilities. The set of commuting birth-and-death processes decomposes as a union of toric varieties, with the main component being the closure of all processes whose nearest neighbor transition probabilities are positive. We exhibit an explicit monomial parametrization for this main component, and we explore the boundary components using primary decomposition., Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AAP615 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)

Given a singular scheme X over a field k, we consider the problem of resolving the singularities of X by an algebraic stack. When X is a toroidal embedding or is etale locally the quotient of a smooth scheme by a linearly reductive group scheme, we show that such &ldquo stacky resolutions &rdquo exist. Moreover, these resolutions are canonical and easily understandable in terms of the singularities of X.We give three applications of our stacky resolution theorems: various generalizations of the Chevalley-Shephard-Todd Theorem, a Hodge decomposition in characteristic p, and a theory of toric Artin stacks extending the work of Borisov-Chen-Smith. While these applications are seemingly different, they are all related by the common theme of using stacky resolutions to study singular schemes.

In order to discuss topological properties of quaternionic toric 8-manifolds, we introduce the notion of an algebraic morphism in the category of toric spaces. We show that the classification of quaternionic toric 8-manifolds with respect to an algebraic isomorphism is finer than the oriented topological classification. We construct infinite families of quaternionic toric 8-manifolds in the same oriented homeomorphism type but algebraically distinct. To prove that the elements within each family are of the same oriented homeomorphism type, and that we have representatives of all such types of a quaternionic toric 8-manifold, we present and use a method of evaluating the first Pontrjagin class for an arbitrary quaternionic toric 8-manifold.

The theory of stable pairs in the derived category yields an enumerative geometry of curves in 3-folds. We evaluate the equivariant vertex for stable pairs on toric 3-folds in terms of weighted box counting. In the toric Calabi-Yau case, the result simplifies to a new form of pure box counting. The conjectural equivalence with the DT vertex predicts remarkable identities. The equivariant vertex governs primary insertions in the theory of stable pairs for toric varieties. We consider also the descendent vertex and conjecture the complete rationality of the descendent theory for stable pairs., Typos fixed. 40 pages, 8 figures

Let $I_{L, \rho}$ be a lattice ideal. We provide a necessary and sufficient criterion under which a set of binomials in $I_{L, \rho}$ generate the radical of $I_{L, \rho}$ up to radical. We apply our results to the problem of determining the minimal number of generators of $I_{L, \rho}$ or of the $rad(I_{L, \rho})$ up to radical., Comment: 14 pages, to appear in Journal of Algebra

This paper classifies all toric Fano $3$-folds with terminal singularities. This is achieved by solving the equivalent combinatorial problem; that of finding, up to the action of $GL(3,\Z)$, all convex polytopes in $\Z^3$ which contain the origin as the only non-vertex lattice point. We obtain, up to isomorphism, $233$ toric Fano $3$-folds possessing at worst $\Q$-factorial singularities (of which $18$ are known to be smooth) and $401$ toric Fano $3$-folds with terminal singularities that are not $\Q$-factorial.

Let X be a smooth projective toric surface, and H^d(X) the Hilbert scheme parametrising the length d zero-dimensional subschemes of X. We compute the rational Chow ring A^*(H^d(X))\_Q. More precisely, if T is the two-dimensional torus contained in X, we compute the rational equivariant Chow ring A\_T^*(H^d(X))\_Q and the usual Chow ring is an explicit quotient of the equivariant Chow ring. The case of some quasi-projective toric surfaces such as the affine plane are described by our method too., Comment: 27 pages, updated version, minor modifications

Background Cataracts are a common and significant cause of visual impairment globally. We aimed to evaluate uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) as an outcome in treating astigmatic cataract patients to assist clinicians or ophthalmologists in their decision making process regarding available interventions. Methods Medline, Embase and Evidence Based Reviews were systematically reviewed to identify relevant studies reporting changes in UDVA, UIVA and UNVA after cataract surgery in presbyopic patients. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to exclude any non-relevant studies. Relevant outcomes (UDVA, UIVA and UNVA) were identified from the studies retrieved through the systematic review process. Results The systematic review identified 11 studies which reported UCVA. All 11 studies reported UDVA. Four brands of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) were reported in these studies. All studies identified in the literature search reported improvements in UDVA following surgical implant of a toric IOL. The largest improvements in VA were reported using the Human Optics MicroSil toric IOL (0.74 LogMAR, UDVA) and the smallest improvements were also reported using the Human Optics MicroSil toric IOL (0.23 LogMAR, UDVA) in a different study. Conclusions The results of this systematic review showed the aggregate of studies reporting a beneficial increase in UDVA with the use of toric IOLs in cataract patients with astigmatism.