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This handbook has been developed in the context of the project BRIGTHER FUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity, whose working team consists of the following entities: - Comune di Torino (Italy) - CORA (Spain) - PAC UK/ Family Action (United Kingdom) - Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities (the Netherlands) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) - Università di Verona (Italy) - University of Groningen (Netherlands) Editor: Beatriz San Román (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Contributors: Barbara Ferrero and Sandra Patt (Comune di Torino) Ana Mª Linares, Águeda Ruibal and Chus Vázquez Paredes (CORA) Rebecca Wilkins and Jo Mitchell (PAC UK, Part of Family Action) Anna de Haan and Marjolein Keij (Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities) Chandra K. Clemente, Beatriz San Román and Aida Urrea (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Federica de Cordova, Giulia Selmi and Chiara Sità (Università di Verona) Mónica López López, Mijntje ten Brumelaar and Elianne Zijlstra (University of Groningen)

This report has been developed in the context of the project BRIGTHER FUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity, whose working team consists of the following entities: - Comune di Torino (Italy) - CORA (Spain) - PAC UK/ Family Action (United Kingdom) - Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities (Netherlands) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) - Università di Verona (Italy) - University of Groningen (Netherlands) Editor: Beatriz San Román (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Contributors: Barbara Ferrero and Sandra Patt (Comune di Torino) Ana Mª Linares, Águeda Ruibal, Elisa de Santiago and Chus Vázquez Paredes (CORA) Rebecca Wilkins and Jo Mitchell (PAC UK, Part of Family Action) Anna de Haan and Marjolein Keij (Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities) Chandra K. Clemente and Beatriz San Román (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Federica de Cordova, Giulia Selmi and Chiara Sità (Università di Verona) Mijntje ten Brummelaar,lk Joyce Fokkens, Mónica López López, Vasiliki Soultani and Elianne Zijlstra (University of Groningen) This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.

Een handboek voor leerkrachten over uithuisgeplaatste kinderen en geadopteerde kinderen. Dit handboek is ontwikkeld in het kader van het project BRIGTHERFUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity, waarvan het werkteam bestaat uit de volgende entiteiten: - Comune di Torino (Italië) - CORA (Spanje) - PAC UK/ Family Action (Verenigd Koninkrijk) - Pharos Expertisecentrum Gezondheidsverschillen (Nederland) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spanje) - Università di Verona (Italië) - Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (Nederland) Redacteur: Beatriz San Román (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Medewerkers: Barbara Ferrero en Sandra Patt (Comune di Torino) Ana Mª Linares, Águeda Ruibal en Chus Vázquez Paredes (CORA) Rebecca Wilkins en Jo Mitchell (PAC UK, onderdeel van Family Action) Anna de Haan en Marjolein Keij (Pharos Expertisecentrum Gezondheidsverschillen) Chandra K. Clemente, Beatriz San Román en Aida Urrea (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Federica de Cordova, Giulia Selmi en Chiara Sità (Università di Verona) Mónica López López, Elianne Zijlstra, Carla van Os en Mijntje ten Brummelaar (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)

Written through a constant exchange between LGBTQIA+ young people, researchers, professionals and foster families, this book offers a valuable tool to improve the practice with LGBTQIA+ youth at a personal, organizational, and policy levels. This book shows the powerful influence of relationships and networks for the LGBTQIA+ young person growing up in child protection and welfare systems. LGBTQIA+ youth need meaningful connections with individuals within their communities in order to be able to heal, learn, and be authentically themselves. Child welfare professionals have a crucial role in creating these connections and cultivating supportive environments, free of additional trauma, where LGBTQIA+ young people can feel valued and loved.

Het participeren van jeugdigen in beslissingen die gaan over hun leven en ontwikkeling wordt gezien als een kernaspect van hulpverlening. Het belang van jeugdparticipatie wordt eveneens onderstreept in (inter)nationale wet- en regelgeving. Om het samenspel van factoren in kaart te brengen dat invloed heeft op de participatie van jeugdigen in voor hen relevante besluitvorming, heeft Gal (2017) een ‘ecologisch model van participatie’ ontwikkeld. In dit model wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen vooraf bepaalde voorwaarden (bijv. type beslissing), de context (bijv. het microsysteem), structurele uitkomsten (bijv. mate van participatie), en individuele uitkomsten (bijv. tevredenheid). Aan de hand van Gal’s model is de participatie van jeugdigen in besluiten binnen de Nederlandse jeugdhulp in kaart gebracht. Daartoe hebben we een narratieve literatuurstudie uitgevoerd waarbij gebruik is gemaakt van wetenschappelijk publicaties die over dit thema in de periode 2010-2017 in Nederland verschenen zijn. Ons overzicht laat zien dat bepaalde aspecten van participatie binnen de jeugdhulp (zoals de macrocontext van ‘regelgeving’) relatief goed onderzocht zijn, terwijl dat bij andere aspecten (zoals de niet ‘zichtbare’ jeugdigen) niet het geval is. Daarnaast komt naar voren dat er een discrepantie kan bestaan tussen hoe participatie van jeugdigen door professionals ingezet resp. in beleid verwoord wordt, en hoe dit door jeugdigen zelf wordt ervaren.

Pen picture accounts of four young people in the Netherlands’ care system help to focus attention on the needs of young people and their families. This also highlights issues facing the Dutch care system and how it is organised and funded. In one of the world’s most densely populated countries, the child protection and welfare system in the Netherlands focuses on family preservation and community-based interventions. However, the number of young people in out-of-home care facilities has increased over the past decade and a half. The New Act on Care for Children and Young People which came into effect in 2015 has made far-reaching changes to Dutch child and youth care policy, and administrative and financial practices that are now re-located to municipalities.

This study compares the views of unaccompanied minors living in four different types of care facilities in the Netherlands: namely in foster care, small living units, children's living groups and campuses on their wellbeing, living circumstances and place in Dutch society. Interviews with 132 minors were both qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Based on the transcripts from the interviews the researchers completed a questionnaire (BIC-Q) to judge the quality of the child rearing environment in the different types of care facilities. Minors in foster care fare best and are most positive about their place in Dutch society. Minors in small living units and small living groups often miss affectionate bonds, care, support and stability in their lives. Minors in campuses most often expressed feeling lonely and sad and being excluded from the Dutch society. They experience a lack of care and support from adults. The quality of the child rearing environment in campuses was judged by the researchers as being so low that these facilities appear to be unfit for unaccompanied minors.

Participatie van jongeren in beslissingen die hun leven en ontwikkeling betreffen is één van de basisbeginselen van het Verdrag voor de Rechten van het Kind (VRK) en daarmee ook een fundamenteel recht voor alle jongeren die verblijven in gesloten residentiële zorg. Daarnaast wordt participatie van jongeren in besluitvorming gezien als een belangrijk aspect in het zorg- en behandelingsproces van jongeren. Ondanks het feit dat de zorg en behandeling in gesloten residentiële zorg in eerste instantie gebaseerd is op een gedwongen maatregel en hiermee de ruimte voor jongeren om invloed uit te oefenen beperkt wordt, is ook op grond van gedragswetenschappelijke bronnen duidelijk dat participatie van jongeren binnen gesloten zorg van belang is. Het doel van ons onderzoek is om inzicht te krijgen in de participatie van jongeren in besluitvorming tijdens hun verblijf in gesloten residentiële zorg. Daartoe hebben we, ten eerste, de bestaande praktijk van residentiële zorg en jongerenparticipatie bestudeerd; ten tweede, de ervaringen en percepties van jongeren en professionals op dit punt in kaart gebracht; en, ten derde, onderzocht hoe het perspectief van jongeren in besluitvorming ingebracht kan worden. De resultaten laten zien dat er in toenemende mate aandacht is voor participatie van jongeren in besluitvormingsprocedures in gesloten residentiële zorg. Gelijktijdig komt met deze gesloten context de complexiteit van het participatievraagstuk naar voren. Zo zijn er vele contextuele factoren die een − faciliterende of inperkende − rol spelen in het participatieproces van jongeren. De opvattingen en het handelen van professionals op de werkvloer zijn van cruciaal belang voor het realiseren van participatie van jongeren in besluitvormingsprocessen. Bij het implementeren van participatie in de praktijk dient hier rekening mee gehouden te worden.

Background The Best Interest of the Child-Questionnaire (BIC-Q) has been designed as an instrument for screening the quality of the rearing situation of children with behavioural problems or delinquency. It is intended to aid legal decisions in juvenile and family law. Aims The aim of the study was to establish the reliability and validation of the BIC-Q. Methods Records of 83 children in detention or secure treatment centres and 58 children with no delinquent behaviours were rated by trained researchers. Interrater reliability was tested with a sub-sample of 31 of the former. Content validity was evaluated across the whole group, using Cronbach's alpha to check internal consistency, Spearman's rho to examine correlations and explorative principal component analysis (PCA) to test the extent to which variance in the 14 underlying conditions could be accounted for by a single factor 'quality of rearing'. Results Interrater reliability was good (r = 0.89). The PCA lent support to the content validity of the questionnaire with four factors, which together explained 66% of the variance in child rearing: (1) attachment and bonding; (2) rules and provisions; (3) health care and physical care in the family context; and (4) care and models provided for in the societal environment.

The Best Interest of the Child Questionnaire (BIC-Q) has been designed as an instrument for screening the quality of the rearing situation of asylum-seeking or refugee children. It is intended to aid legal decisions in asylum procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and the construct validity of the BIC-Q. Based on a study sample of refugee or asylum-seeking children in the Netherlands (N?=?74), the psychometric quality of the BIC-Q was investigated using Cohen's kappa for the inter- and intrarater reliability and a nonparametric item response model for the construct validity. The interrater and intrarater reliabilities of the BIC-Q were good (kappa?=?.65 and .74 respectively). The results of the item response model revealed that the 14 pedagogical environmental conditions formed a strong and valid measurement scale for the quality of the childrearing environment (H?=?.55; rho?=?.94). Preliminary results indicate that the BIC-Q may be applied to support decisions on where the asylum-seeking or refugee child has the best opportunities for development. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

LGBTQIA+ youth are overrepresented in out-of-home care. They face a double burden; are exposed to stressors related to their LGBTQIA+ identity, but also confront the challenges of being removed from their families and placed in the care of the state. Traditionally, research has focused on exploring the often negative experiences that these youth go through within the out-of-home care system, neglecting the study of their resilience. In his dissertation, Rodrigo Gonzalez sought to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the main factors contributing to the resilience among LGBTQIA+ youth in out-of-home care. Resilience was approached from a multidimensional perspective, including individual, socio-relational, and community-systemic resilience resources. A first study mapped the current international knowledge on resilience among LGBTQIA+ youth in out-of-home care. The results revealed important knowledge gaps, such as the lack of studies on this topic outside the US. In a series of following studies, Rodrigo analyzed the resilience of LGBTQIA+ youth in out-of-home care in the Netherlands using data from in-depth interviews with youth and their care professionals. The studies showed the myriad of resilience resources at different levels: the individual (e.g, self relying strategies such as fighting, resisting and scaping), socio-relational (e.g, relationships of care and love), and community-systemic (e.g, care agencies’ LGBTQIA+ affirming practices and policies). The practice field can make use of these results to promote the resilience of LGBTQIA+ youth in out-of-home care by implementing LGBTQIA+ affirmative interventions s and policies.