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Resumen Dentro de los constructos que se han estudiado en los últimos años como predictores del desempeño académico se encuentra el factor grit. En la presente investigación se realizaron dos estudios con el objetivo de adaptar y validar la escala Grit-O a un contexto colombiano, así como determinar la validez de criterio de la escala Grit-S por medio del desempeño académico en estudiantes universitarios. En el primer estudio (n = 500) se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio a través de un método de extracción de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados y un análisis factorial confirmatorio a través de un método de extracción de máxima verosimilitud. Los análisis arrojaron adecuados índices de validez y confiabilidad para las dos escalas (Grit-O y Grit-S) -siendo Grit-S la que presentó mejores índices de ajuste-, y la distribución de ítems por factor de la escala coincidió con la validación original. Sin embargo, los dos factores -perseverancia en el esfuerzo y consistencia en el interés- no se agruparon bajo el constructo grit. En el segundo estudio (n = 89) se observó la relación existente entre la puntuación obtenida en la escala Grit-S y diferentes indicadores de desempeño académico -promedio, número de materias perdidas, entre otros-. Para esto, se realizó un análisis de correlación y de regresión lineal múltiple, tras lo cual se encontraron correlaciones moderadas entre el puntaje total de la escala Grit-S y sus dos componentes con las medidas de desempeño académico. En el análisis de regresión se encontró que el puntaje total de la escala es mejor predictor del desempeño académico (.016**) que el puntaje de cada uno de los componentes de la escala por separado. Al final, en la discusión se comparan los hallazgos con validaciones realizadas en otros países y se dan algunas recomendaciones respecto al uso de la escala. Abstract One of the constructs that have been studied in recent years as predictors of academic performance is the grit factor. In the present research, two studies were conducted with the aim of adapting and validating the Grit-O scale to a Colombian context, as well as determining the Grit-S scale's criterion validity by means of academic performance in university students. In the first study (n=500), an exploratory factor analysis was performed using an Unweighted Least Squares Extraction Method and a confirmatory factor analysis through a maximum likelihood extraction method. The analysis yielded adequate validity and reliability indexes for the two scales (Grit-O and Grit-S) -Grit- S being the one with the best fit indexes-, and the distribution of items per scale factor coincided with the original validation. However, the two factors (perseverance of effort and consistency of interest) were not grouped under the grit construct. In the second study (n=89), the relationship between the score obtained on the Grit-S scale and different academic performance indicators (grade point average, number of failed subjects, among others) was observed. For this purpose, a correlation and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Findings show moderate correlations between the Grit-S scale total score and its two components, with the measures of academic performance. In the regression analysis, the total score was found to be a better predictor of academic performance (0.016 **) than the score of each of the scale components separately. Finally, the discussion compares the findings with validations carried out in other countries and gives some recommendations regarding the use of the grit scale.

Significance We revisit the problem of ensuring statistically valid inferences across diverse target populations from a single source of training data. Our approach builds a surprising technical connection between the inference problem and a technique developed for algorithmic fairness, called “multicalibration.” We derive a correspondence between the fairness goal, to protect subpopulations from miscalibrated predictions, and the statistical goal, to ensure unbiased estimates on target populations. We derive a single-source estimator that provides inferences in any downstream target population, whose performance is comparable to the popular target-specific approach of propensity score reweighting. Our approach can extend the benefits of evidence-based decision-making to communities that do not have the resources to collect high-quality data on their own., The gold-standard approaches for gleaning statistically valid conclusions from data involve random sampling from the population. Collecting properly randomized data, however, can be challenging, so modern statistical methods, including propensity score reweighting, aim to enable valid inferences when random sampling is not feasible. We put forth an approach for making inferences based on available data from a source population that may differ in composition in unknown ways from an eventual target population. Whereas propensity scoring requires a separate estimation procedure for each different target population, we show how to build a single estimator, based on source data alone, that allows for efficient and accurate estimates on any downstream target data. We demonstrate, theoretically and empirically, that our target-independent approach to inference, which we dub “universal adaptability,” is competitive with target-specific approaches that rely on propensity scoring. Our approach builds on a surprising connection between the problem of inferences in unspecified target populations and the multicalibration problem, studied in the burgeoning field of algorithmic fairness. We show how the multicalibration framework can be employed to yield valid inferences from a single source population across a diverse set of target populations.

Resumo O engajamento na carreira associa-se a comportamentos proativos capazes de intensificar o desenvolvimento da carreira. Este estudo buscou reunir evidências de validade de estrutura interna da Escala de Engajamento na Carreira e de suas relações com variáveis externas, em contexto militar. A amostra foi composta por 467 militares do Exército Brasileiro, de ambos os sexos (94,4% do sexo masculino), majoritariamente pertencentes à linha bélica (82,4%) e provenientes de diferentes estados, com destaque para o Rio de Janeiro (39,2%). Os participantes responderam a escalas de engajamento na carreira, adaptabilidade de carreira, autoeficácia geral percebida, satisfação com a carreira e percepção atual do desenvolvimento profissional, de forma on-line. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que o modelo de dois fatores de 1ª ordem com um fator de 2ª ordem apresentou os melhores índices de ajustes, diferindo do modelo original do instrumento. A Escala de Engajamento na Carreira obteve correlação significativa e positiva alta com a adaptabilidade de carreira e significativa e positiva moderada com a autoeficácia, a satisfação com a carreira e o desenvolvimento profissional. Concluiu-se que as evidências de validade obtidas possibilitam o uso futuro da escala na avaliação do engajamento na carreira no contexto militar. Abstract Career engagement is associated with proactive behaviors capable of enhancing career development. The study sought to gather evidence of the internal structure validity of the Career Engagement Scale and its relations to external variables in a military context. The sample consisted of 467 soldiers of the Brazilian Army, of both sexes (94.4% male), belonging mainly to the war line (82.4%) and coming from different states, with emphasis on Rio de Janeiro (39.2%). The participants answered on-line the scales for measuring career engagement, career adaptability, perceived general self-efficacy, satisfaction with the career and current perception of professional development. The confirmatory factor analyses showed that the model of two factors of 1st order with a factor of 2nd order was the one that presented the best fit indexes, differing from the original model of the instrument. The Career Engagement Scale obtained a significant and positive high correlation with career adaptability and a significant and positive moderate correlation with self-efficacy, career satisfaction, and professional development. We concluded that the validity evidence obtained allow the future use of the scale for evaluating career engagement in the military context. Resumen El compromiso profesional se asocia con comportamientos proactivos capaces de mejorar el desarrollo profesional. El estudio buscó recolectar evidencias de validez de la estructura interna de la Escala de Compromiso Profesional y de sus relaciones con variables externas en un contexto militar. La muestra estaba compuesta por 467 soldados del Ejército Brasileño, de ambos sexos (94,4% hombres), en su mayoría pertenecientes a la línea de guerra (82,4%), provenientes de diferentes estados, con énfasis en Río de Janeiro (39,2%). Los participantes respondieron a las escalas de compromiso profesional, adaptabilidad profesional, autoeficacia general percibida, satisfacción con la carrera y percepción actual del desarrollo profesional en línea. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que el modelo de dos factores de 1er orden con un factor de 2do orden fue el que presentó mejores índices de ajustes, diferenciándose del modelo original del instrumento. La Escala de Compromiso Profesional obtuvo una alta correlación significativa y positiva con la adaptabilidad a la carrera y una correlación significativa y positiva moderada con la autoeficacia, la satisfacción profesional y el desarrollo profesional. Se concluyó que las evidencias de validez de la escala permiten su uso futuro en la evaluación del compromiso profesional, en el contexto militar.

Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis (MVPA) is a well established tool to disclose weak, distributed effects in brain activity patterns. The generalization ability is assessed by testing the learning model on new, unseen data. However, when limited data is available, the decoding success is estimated using cross-validation. There is general consensus on assessing statistical significance of cross-validated accuracy with non-parametric permutation tests. In this work we focus on the false positive control of different permutation strategies and on the statistical power of different cross-validation schemes. With simulations, we show that estimating the entire cross-validation error on each permuted dataset is the only statistically valid permutation strategy. Furthermore, using both simulations and real data from the HCP WU-Minn 3T fMRI dataset, we show that, among the different cross-validation schemes, a repeated split-half cross-validation is the most powerful, despite achieving slightly lower classification accuracy, when compared to other schemes. Our findings provide additional insights into the optimization of the experimental design for MVPA, highlighting the benefits of having many short runs.

Joy at work is one manifestation of well-being, which is reflected in the merging of satisfaction with life and with work. The present study has gathered evidence of the validity of the Joy at Work Scale in the Brazilian context. The sample was composed of 505 workers from both genders. They answered a version of the Brazilian scale as well as other instruments related to it. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the model with the best fit for the scale was the one-dimensional one, composed of 14 items. The scale presented strong positive correlations with satisfaction at work, work engagement, affective organizational commitment, and positive affects toward work. It was concluded that the instrument presented psychometric properties which recommend its use in further investigations designed to evaluate levels of joy at work

Adaptive competence is the ability of the worker to develop new knowledge and skills from the ones they already have, achieving efficient results with high performance in new and unknown situations. The purpose of this paper was to adapt and analyze the evidence of the validity of internal structure, convergent validity, and internal consistency of the adaptive competence inventory (ACI) with Brazilian workers. The empirical research was carried out with 383 Brazilian workers from all regions of the country, from various branches of activity. In the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the results were tested in 4 models and the proposed structure of 4 dimensions and 14 items presented the best indices of fit. The convergent validity of the ACI with self-determination was assessed. In the discriminant validity, the ACI showed a positive and significant correlation with the level of education of the participants. The statistical analysis carried out allows us to substantiate the validity of the ACI with Brazilian workers and to present a diagnostic tool for adaptive competence.

The goal of this research was to adapt and obtain validity evidence of the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS), which is set by two parallel forms with 12 items, one of them referring to gays (MHS-G) and the other referring to lesbians (MHS-L). In the first study 418 heterosexuals between 18 and 58 years old (M = 24,9; SD = 7,23), mostly women (66,3%) living at João Pessoa-PB (50,5%) answered. Both scales have shown as unidimensional and containing a high degree of internal consistency. The second study had the participation of 273 heterosexuals between 18 and 55 years old (M = 23,7; SD = 6,33), mostly women (69%). The confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory adjustment indexes for the proposed model and the Item Response Theory (IRT) demonstrated a good degree of discrimination and variation of the difficulty parameters. Therefore, we may conclude MHS is psychometrically valid, easily applicable and can be used in research contexts. Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar e obter evidências de validade da Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) composta por duas formas paralelas com 12 itens, sendo uma versão referente aos gays (MHS-G) e outra às lésbicas (MHS-L). No Estudo 1, participaram 418 heterossexuais entre 18 e 58 anos (M = 24,8; DP = 7,23), a maioria mulheres (66,3%) e residentes em João Pessoa-PB (50,5%). As escalas apresentaram-se unidimensionais e com bons níveis de consistência interna (α = 0,92). O Estudo 2, contou com 273 heterossexuais entre 18 e 55 anos (M = 23,7; DP = 6,33), a maioria mulheres (69%). A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou satisfatórios índices de ajuste para o modelo proposto e a análise da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) demostrou uma boa discriminação e variação dos parâmetros de dificuldade. Conclui-se que a MHS é psicometricamente válida e de fácil aplicação, podendo ser usada em contextos de pesquisa. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar y obtener evidencia de validez de la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna (MHS), compuesta por dos formas paralelas con 12 ítems, siendo, una versión referente a gays (MHS-G) y otra a lesbianas (MHS-L). En el estudio 1 participaron 418 heterosexuales entre 18 y 58 años (M = 24,8; DP = 7,23), la mayoría mujeres (66,3%) residentes en la ciudad de João Pessoa-PB (50,5%). Las escalas se presentan em forma unidimensional y con buen nivel de consistencia interna (α = 0,92). En el estudio 2 participaron 273 heterosexuales entre 18 y 55 años (M = 23,7; DP = 6,33), la mayoría también mujeres (69%). El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró índices satisfactorios de ajuste para el modelo propuesto, y el análisis de Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) demostró una buena discriminación y variación de los parámetros de dificultad. Se concluye que la MHS es psicométricamente válida y de fácil aplicación, pudiendo ser usada en contextos de investigación.

Traditional CAHPS-style emergency department (ED) surveys result in excessive variability when assessing individual physician performance. The objective of this study is to measure the variability of a brief, electronic survey (e-survey). The study team also measured the association of individual physicians to demographic data, physician and patient factors, and a physician burnout assessment tool. Data from SmartContact (SmartER, La Grange, IL) is a next-day, e-survey that takes about 30-seconds to complete. This tool was used by a hospital-employed emergency department (ED) group during calendar year 2017 across 2 EDs and 37 physicians.1,2 Variability was estimated regarding raw patient experience (PX) scores and top box scores by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Pearson correlations were used to measure the interaction between PX scores, physician factors, and patient factors. Analysis of the 2017 calendar year showed statistically significant differences between physician PX performance on a bimonthly and quarterly basis. As well, there was lower PX in patients presenting at night. No correlation was found with a burnout assessment tool. This study demonstrates statistically valid performance differences among physicians using a next-day e-survey, which conforms to the recommendations of ED professional organizations for use in driving provider PX improvement, enhancing patient trust, and improving patient outcomes. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Innovation & Technology lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework. (http://bit.ly/ExperienceFramework) Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

The study gathered evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relations with external variables of the Ethical Leadership Behavior Scale. The study participants were 405 workers of both sexes (64.7% female), aged 19-69 years (M = 35.7; SD = 10.9), who answered the Brazilian version of the scale and instruments to assess other constructs. The confirmatory factor analyses pointed to a final version of 35 items concentrated in a single factor, with an internal consistency index of 0.96. In the validity evidence in relation to external variables, the scale was positively and moderately correlated with work engagement, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment; weakly and positively with general mental health; and weakly and negatively with burnout. The future use of the scale in organizational research and diagnostics on ethical leadership behavior is recommended. Resumo O estudo reuniu evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna e nas relações com variáveis externas da Escala de Comportamento de Liderança Ética. Participaram do estudo 405 trabalhadores, de ambos os sexos (64,7% do sexo feminino), com idades variando entre 19 e 69 anos (M = 35,7; DP = 10,9), que responderam à versão brasileira da escala e a instrumentos para avaliação de outros construtos. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias apontaram para uma versão final de 35 itens concentrados em um único fator, com índice de consistência interna de 0,96. Nas evidências de validade por relação com variáveis externas, a escala correlacionou-se positiva e moderadamente com o engajamento laboral, a satisfação no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional afetivo; fraca e positivamente, com a saúde mental geral; fraca e negativamente com a exaustão emocional. Recomenda-se o uso futuro da escala em pesquisas e diagnósticos organizacionais sobre o comportamento de liderança ética. Resumen El estudio reunió evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna y en las relaciones con variables externas de la Escala de Comportamiento de Liderazgo Ético. Participaron del estudio 405 trabajadores, de ambos sexos (64,7% de sexo femenino), con edades entre 19 y 69 años (M = 35,7; DE = 10,9), los cuales respondieron la versión brasileña de la escala e instrumentos para la evaluación de otros constructos. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios indicaron una versión final de 35 ítems concentrados en un único factor, con índice de consistencia interna de 0,96. En las evidencias de validez por relación con variables externas, la escala se correlacionó positiva y moderadamente con el compromiso laboral, satisfacción en el trabajo y compromiso organizacional afectivo; débil y positivamente con la salud mental general; débil y negativamente con el agotamiento emocional. Se recomienda el uso futuro de la escala en investigaciones y diagnósticos organizacionales sobre el comportamiento de liderazgo ético.

The study aimed to investigate evidence of criterion validity of an instrument named Screening of Indicators of High Skills/Giftedness. The scale, answered by the teacher, evaluates the student’s development in five areas: general intellectual ability, specific academic abilities, leadership, creativity and artistic talent. The sample consisted of 568 participants: 213 in the control group and 355 in the criterion group. The results of factorial variance analysis and the Student t-test indicated significant differences of the means between groups, confirming the evidence investigated. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to identify how much the score in each specific area of the scale could predict the area high skills/giftedness identified for the individual. El estudio procuró investigar las evidencias de la validez de criterio de un instrumento llamado Identificación de Indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotación. La escala, respondida por el profesor, evalúa el desarrollo del estudiante en cinco áreas: capacidad intelectual general, habilidades específicas para estudios, liderazgo, creatividad y talento artístico. La muestra fue compuesta por 568 participantes: 213 del grupo-control y 355 del grupo-criterio. Los resultados del análisis de varianza factorial y del Test t de Student indicaron diferencias significativas de promedios entre los grupos, confirmando las evidencias investigadas. La regresión logística también fue realizada, teniéndose el objetivo de identificar cuánto la puntuación en cada área específica de la escala conseguía prever el área de identificación del individuo con altas habilidades/superdotación. O estudo buscou investigar as evidências de validade de critério de um instrumento intitulado Triagem de Indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/S). A escala, respondida pelo professor, avalia o desenvolvimento do estudante em cinco áreas: capacidade intelectual geral, habilidades acadêmicas específicas, liderança, criatividade e talento artístico. A amostra foi composta por 568 participantes: 213 do grupo-controle e 355 do grupo-critério. Os resultados da análise de variância fatorial e do teste t de Student indicaram diferenças de médias significativas entre os grupos, confirmando o tipo de evidência de validade investigada. A regressão logística também foi conduzida visando identificar o quanto a pontuação em cada área específica da escala conseguiria prever a área de identificação do indivíduo com AH/S.

Today, the preparation for working life and lifelong career management is becoming increasingly demanding challenges. Hence, in recent years, transversal competences have become more important. The aim of this paper is to present the adaptation study to the Brazilian context of the Transversal and Professional Skills Self-Efficacy Scale (TPS-SE), originally developed in Portugal. The sample consists of 658 Brazilians, 85.7% women. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures were performed, and the final model presented satisfactory adjustment ratios, offering an alternative version with a general factor, and confirming the three-factor structure of the original scale, which assesses confidence in the ability to perform (1) personal and interpersonal skills in the workplace, (2) complex personal skills, and (3) transversal technical skills. It can be concluded that TPS-SE_Br can be used in intervention and research contexts, either in the form of general indicators, clustered in dimensions or in an individual item analysis., This study was funded by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel.

Resumo O estudo adaptou e reuniu evidências de validade de estrutura interna, convergente e de consistência interna da Escala de Paixão pelo Trabalho no contexto brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por 504 trabalhadores brasileiros de ambos os sexos (55% do sexo feminino) e idade média de 33,32 anos. Os participantes responderam presencialmente ou na versão on-line a instrumentos para avaliação da paixão pelo trabalho e de sentimentos e atitudes positivas e negativas em relação a ele. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que a versão brasileira da escala reproduziu integralmente a estrutura original do instrumento, composta por 14 itens e dois fatores (Paixão Harmoniosa e Paixão Obsessiva). Tais dimensões apresentaram correlações positivas ou negativas com atitudes e sentimentos positivos ou negativos em relação ao trabalho, conforme hipotetizado. Concluiu-se que o instrumento apresentou propriedades psicométricas que recomendam seu uso em investigações futuras destinadas a avaliar o grau da paixão pelo trabalho. Abstract The study adapted and gathered evidence of internal structure, convergent validity and internal consistency of the Passion For Work Scale in the Brazilian context. The sample consisted of 504 Brazilian workers of both sexes (55% female) with a mean age of 33.32 years. Participants answered presential or online versions of the instruments for the evaluation of passion for work and positive and negative feelings and attitudes towards work. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Brazilian version of the scale fully reproduced the original instrument internal structure, consisting of 14 items and two factors (Harmonious Passion and Obsessive Passion). These factors showed positive or negative correlations with attitudes and sentiments towards work, as predicted by the hypotheses. It was concluded that the instrument presented psychometric properties that recommend its use in future studies to assess the degree of passion for work. Resumen El estudio adaptó y reunió evidencias de validez de estructura interna, convergente y de consistencia interna de la Escala de Pasión por el Trabajo en el contexto brasileño. La muestra fue compuesta por 504 trabajadores brasileños de ambos sexos (55% sexo femenino) con edad media de 33,32 años. Los participantes respondieron presencialmente y en la versión online a instrumentos para evaluar la pasión por el trabajo y las actitudes y sentimientos positivos y negativos direccionados al mismo. Análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que la escala reprodujo integralmente la estructura original del instrumento, compuesto por 14 ítems y dos factores ( Pasión Armoniosa y Pasión Obsesiva). Tales dimensiones mostraron correlaciones positivas o negativas con actitudes y sentimientos positivos o negativos direccionados al trabajo, como estaba previsto por las hipótesis. Se llegó a la conclusión de que el instrumento presentó propiedades psicométricas que recomiendan su uso en futuras investigaciones destinadas a evaluar el grado de pasión por el trabajo.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Índice de Religiosidade de Duke (P-DUREL) entre adolescentes. Por meio de uma plataforma on-line, participaram 1.248 adolescentes brasileiros de ambos os sexos, entre 12 e 18 anos (M=15,09, DP=1,77), sendo 57,3% meninas. A estrutura fatorial foi verificada através de análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória. O modelo unidimensional apresentou índices de ajuste satisfatórios, bem como adequada confiabilidade (α=0,874). Análises multigrupo por sexo e idade indicaram que a estrutura fatorial e os pesos fatoriais são semelhantes para os grupos testados. A escala apresentou alta correlação positiva com o Módulo “Espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais” (WHOQOL-SRPB). Conclui-se que o instrumento é adequado para a avaliação da religiosidade entre adolescentes brasileiros, podendo ser utilizado em futuros estudos com essa população. The purpose of this study was to verify psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Duke Religion Index (P-DUREL) among adolescents. Through an online platform, 1,248 Brazilian adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 18 years of age (M=15.09, SD=1.77) participated, 57.3% of whom were female. The factorial structure was verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The one-dimensional model presented satisfactory fit indexes, as well as adequate reliability (α=0.874). Multigroup analyses by sex and age indicated that the factorial structure and factorial weights are similar for the groups tested. The scale presented a high positive correlation with the Module "Spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs" (WHOQOL-SRPB). It is concluded that the instrument is suitable for the evaluation of religiousness among Brazilian adolescents, and may be used in future studies with this population. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Índice de Religiosidad de Duke (P-DUREL) entre adolescentes. A través de una plataforma online, participaron 1.248 adolescentes brasileños de ambos sexos, entre 12 y 18 años (M=15.09, DS=1.77), un 57,3% del sexo femenino. La estructura factorial fue verificada a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. El modelo unidimensional presentó índices de ajuste satisfactorios, así como confiabilidad adecuada (α=0,874). Los análisis multigrupo por sexo y edad indicaron que la estructura factorial y los pesos factoriales son similares para los grupos testados. La escala presentó una alta correlación positiva con el Módulo "Espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales" (WHOQOL-SRPB). Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que el instrumento es adecuado para la evaluación de la religiosidad entre adolescentes brasileños, pudiendo ser utilizado en futuros estudios con esta población.

Authentic leadership consists of a pattern of behavior based on positive psychological capacities and on an ethical and moral climate. The study evaluated the internal structure and convergent validity of the Authentic Leadership Inventory. The sample consisted of 548 workers from public and private organizations of both genders, who responded to the initial version of the scale, containing 14 items, distributed among four factors: self-knowledge, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective and balanced processing. The confi rmatory factor analyses showed that the best fi t model was the four fi rst order factors with a second order factor, which fully confi rmed the original scale model. Authentic leadership had positive correlations with transformational leadership, job satisfaction, work engagement, and affective organizational commitment. The evidences of validity obtained recommend the use of instrument in future research situations. Resumo A liderança autêntica consiste em um padrão de comportamento baseado em capacidades psicológicas positivas e em um clima ético e moral. O estudo avaliou a validade de estrutura interna e convergente do Inventário de Liderança Autêntica. A amostra compôs-se de 548 trabalhadores de organizações públicas e privadas, de ambos os sexos, que responderam à versão inicial da escala, com 14 itens distribuídos entre quatro fatores: autoconhecimento, transparênciarelacional, perspectiva moral internalizada e processamento equilibrado. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que o modelo de melhor ajuste foi o de quatro fatores de primeira ordem com um fator de segunda ordem, o queconfirmou totalmente o modelo original da escala. A liderança autêntica obteve correlações positivas com a liderança transformacional, a satisfação no trabalho, o engajamento no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional afetivo.As evidências de validade obtidas recomendam o uso do instrumento em situações futuras de pesquisa.

Purpose: investigating the results of replicate experiment, in which the proposed technique for improving the accuracy of performing serve was used, and carrying out a comparative analysis the corresponding results of the current and initial experiment s . Material & Methods: the analysis of the video, pedagogic observations, statistical methods of processing the results. Results: the replicate experiment has been carried out. The detailed analysis of the characteristics of moving ball has been performed. The approach for estimating the accuracy of the performing serve has been proposed. The estimation of statistical validity of differences between the results of the comparative analysis of the corresponding characteristics of both experiments has been performed using criteria Student and Fisher. Conclusions: in the replicate experiment a reliable change of the characteristic, which is associated with the accuracy of performing power serve in jump, has been identified. Using techniques developed by the author in the practice of training process can be considered that it is effective.

The aim of this instrumental study was to establish the psychometric properties of the screening test for dementia Pesotest in clinical and non-clinical samples of elderly people. The participants of this study were 213 elderly people over 65 years old. The instruments used were the Pesotest, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Sociodemographic Survey and the Geriatric Depression Scale Yesavage (GDS). A Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 for internal consistency of the Pesotest was found. The MMSE was used to establish convergent validity, finding a significant correlation of 0.596. Statistically significant differences were also found between the clinical and nonclinical samples. The factor analysis yielded four factors and using the ROC curve it was found that the sensitivity, or the proportion of people diagnosed with dementia, was 0.83; and the specificity, or the proportion of healthy people that were diagnosed with dementia by the test, was 0.78, with a cut-off point of 18. The analysis with the Rasch Model showed that only one item was not fit and that the most difficult item was the one which assessed calculation and memory, whose alteration indicates an evolution towards dementia. Based on the favorable results of the psychometric analysis, suitable internal consistency, convergent and construct validity and reliability, the use of the Pesotest in primary care services is recommended. El objetivo de este estudio instrumental fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas del test de cribado de demencias Pesotest en muestras clínica y no clínica de adultos mayores de Bogotá. Los participantes fueron 213 adultos mayores de 65 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Pesotest, el Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), la Encuesta Sociodemográfica y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage (GDS). La consistencia interna del Pesotest obtenida con el Alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.86. Se usó el MMSE para establecer la validez convergente y se encontró una correlación significativa de 0.596. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las muestras clínica y no clínica. El análisis factorial arrojó cuatro factores: mediante la curva ROC se encontró que la sensibilidad o proporción de personas diagnosticadas con demencia que dieron positivo fue de 0.83; la especificidad o proporción de personas sanas que según la prueba puntúan sin demencia fue de 0.78, y el punto de corte fue 18. El análisis con el modelo de Rasch evidenció que solo un ítem no se ajustó al modelo, y que el ítem con mayor dificultad era el que evaluaba memoria y cálculo, cuya alteración indica evolución a demencia. Con base en los resultados favorables del análisis psicométrico, adecuada consistencia interna, validez convergente, validez de criterio y validez de constructo, se recomienda utilizar el Pesotest en servicios de atención primaria. O objetivo deste estudo instrumental foi determinar as propriedades psicométricas do Teste de Rastreio de Demências Pesoteste em amostras clínica e não clínica de idosos de Bogotá (Colômbia). Participaram do estudo 213 adultos maiores de 65 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Pesoteste, o Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), a Pesquisa Sociodemográfica e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage (GDS). A consistência interna do Pesoteste obtida com o Alpha de Cronbach foi de 0,86. Foi usado o MMSE para estabelecer a validade convergente e constatou-se uma correlação significativa de 0,596. Acharam-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as amostras clínicas e as não clínicas. A análise fatorial demonstrou quatro fatores: mediante a curva ROC, constatou-se que a sensibilidade ou a proporção de pessoas diagnosticadas com demência que deram positivo foi de 0,83; a especificidade ou a proporção de pessoas saudáveis que, segundo o teste pontuam sem demência, foi de 0,78, e o ponto de corte foi 18. A análise com o modelo de Rasch evidenciou que somente um item não se ajustava ao modelo, e que o item com maior dificuldade era o que avaliava memória e cálculo, cuja alteração indica evolução a demência. Com base nos resultados favoráveis da análise psicométrica, na adequada consistência interna, na validade convergente, na validade de critério e na validade de construto, recomenda-se utilizar o Pesoteste em serviços de atenção primária.

Resumo O suporte social pode ser definido como a percepção de que existem pessoas que proporcionam ao indivíduo recursos afetivos ou, até mesmo, financeiros. O suporte social percebido relaciona-se à percepção de que o suporte encontra-se disponível, caso o indivíduo dele necessite. O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar evidências iniciais de validade dos escores da Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido, no contexto brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 831 trabalhadores, de ambos os sexos, que responderam à versão inicial da escala, contendo 12 itens. As análises fatoriais evidenciaram que a versão brasileira manteve os itens e os fatores do instrumento original (família, amigos e outros significantes). As análises multigrupos atestaram a invariância configural, métrica e escalar entre os grupos divididos quanto ao gênero e à categoria ocupacional (profissionais das áreas exatas e humanas). Os dados obtidos na presente pesquisa permitiram a conclusão de que a escala é um instrumento com evidências de validade de estrutura, o que possibilita seu uso em situações futuras de pesquisa. Resumen Apoyo social puede ser definido como la percepción de que hay personas que prestan los recursos emocionales, individuales, o incluso financieros. El apoyo social percibido se refiere a la percepción de que el apoyo está disponible, si el individuo necesita. El objetivo de esta investigación es buscar la evidencia inicial de validez de la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido, en el contexto brasileño. El estudio incluyó a 831 trabajadores, de ambos sexos, que respondieron a la versión inicial de la escala, que contiene 12 ítems. Las análisis factoriales mostraron que la versión brasileña conservó los ítems y los factores del instrumento original (la familia, los amigos y otros significativos). Multigrupos análisis han atestiguado la invarianza configural, métrica y escalar entre los grupos divididos por género y categoría ocupacional (exactos y humanos profesionales). Los datos obtenidos en esta investigación llevaron a la conclusión de que la escala es un instrumento con evidencia de validez, lo que permite su uso en situaciones futuras. Abstract Social support can be defined as the perception that there are people who provide individuals with emotional or even financial resources. Perceived social support relates to the perception that support is available if the individual needs it. The present study's aim was to discover, within the Brazilian context, preliminary validity evidence as to the scores of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The survey involved 831 workers of both sexes, who answered the preliminary version of the scale's questionnaire, containing 12 items. Factor analysis demonstrated that the Brazilian version preserved the original instrument's items and factors (family, friends and significant others). Multigroup analysis demonstrated configural, metric and scalar invariance between groups classified by sex and occupational category (professionals in the areas of exact sciences and humanities). The data we obtained in the present study led us to the conclusion that the scale is an instrument with evidence of internal structure validity, thus permitting its use in future research.

Highlights • CS-nZVI was synthesized under anaerobic condition via bottom-up approach. • Physicochemical characterization, Surface functionality and morphology revealed the unique properties of CS-nZVI. • Effective adsorption was achieved in a batch technique while isotherm and kinetic models were statistical validated., Single pot system in chemical reduction via bottom-up approach was used for the synthesis of core shell nanoscale zerovalent iron (CS-nZVI). CS-nZVI was characterized by a combination of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Data obtained showed BET surface area 20.8643 m2/g, t-Plot micropore volume 0.001895 cm3/g, BJH volume pores 0.115083 cm3/g, average pore width 186.9268 Å, average pore diameter 240.753 Å, PZC 5.24, and pH 6.80. Surface plasmon Resonance from UV-Vis spectrophotometer was observed at 340 nm. Surface morphology from SEM and TEM revealed a spherical cluster and chain-like nanostructure of size range 15.425 nm −97.566 nm. Energy Dispersive XRF revealed an elemental abundance of 96.05% core shell indicating the dominance of nZVI. EDX showed an intense peak of nZVI at 6.2 keV. FTIR data revealed the surface functional groups of Fe–O with characteristics peaks at 686.68 cm−1, 569.02 cm−1 and 434 cm−1. In a batch technique, effective adsorption of endocrine disruptive Cu(II) ions was operational parameters dependent. Isotherm and kinetics studies were validated by statistical models. The study revealed unique characteristics of CS-nZVI and its efficacy in waste water treatment., Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract

Study of the literature and the models used in other countries, with higher or lower degrees of development for their financial and banking systems, raise for Romania, in our opinion, several issues which deserve a closer research. One of those issues concerns the fundamentals of real estate prices and the influence of household income, demographic changes and credit access on the dynamics of the housing market. Another area of interest is centered on the manifestation of a wealth effect that is associated with owning a property; as such an effect is present in other countries, as reported in literature. The National Bank of Romania defines this phenomenon as “the effect of the wealth value on the decisions of the population and the companies, regarding their consumption and investment decisions”. This effect can be generated either by variations in the value of assets owned (stocks, financial assets, real estate, etc.), or by the level of debt (i.e. housing, consumption, investment loans, including payments due). Therefore, such an increase in the population’s net wealth or an improvement of companies’ balance sheets can manifest a positive effect on consumption and investment, thus benefiting the aggregated demand. In a future research we plan to study the influence of the real estate market on Romania’s economy, especially through lending, construction activity, household consumption and stock market investment, with the aim of measuring this effect. The three directions for research require in-depth analysis of the complex dynamics of the sectors connected to the housing market and the acquiring of pertinent and up-to-date statistical data which should reflect price changes and other parameters of this field of study. Given the limitations of our database, with a narrow access to data regarding the direct population consumption, we have chosen to use the values for lending in lei as a proxy, which indirectly mirrors the indicator we wish to include in the research. We believe that the final purpose of the consumption loan reflects, in a significant measure, the population’s inclination towards consumption. With this in mind, we will analyze the correlation between the evolution of consumption lending and the population income. From here we will ascertain the inclination towards housing investment.

The kinetics, mechanism, isotherm, and thermodynamics of adsorption of Pb2+ onto wood-activated carbon-supported zerovalent iron (WAC-nZVI) nanocomposite was successfully studied. WAC-nZVI was characterized by a combination of spectroscopic and analytical techniques (BET, PZC, FTIR, SEM, and EDX). BET surface area was 101.50 m2/g and BJH Adsorption average pore diameter 116.73 Å. The adsorption of Pb2+ studied in batch process depends on various operational parameters ranging from effect of pH to ionic strength. Kinetics data were best described by pseudo-second-order model based on high initial adsorption rate, h2 (166.67 mgg−1 min−1) and correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99). The mechanism was controlled by both external and intraparticle diffusion models confirmed by Bangham and Boyd models. Equilibrium data were fitted to seven isotherm models. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (77.52 m2/g) surpassed those previously investigated for adsorption of Pb2+ onto nanoadsorbents. Validity of kinetics and isotherm models was studied using three statistical models. Post-adsorption characterization by SEM, EDX, and FTIR confirmed the presence of Pb2+ on the loaded-WAC-nZVI. Thermodynamic parameters (∆Ho, ∆So, ∆Go) confirmed the feasibility, spontaneity, and randomness of the adsorption process. This study revealed a great potential of novel WAC-nZVI in effective removal of Pb2+ from waste water.

Resumo O engajamento no trabalho consiste em um estado motivacional positivo manifesto em sentimentos de vigor, absorção e dedicação ao trabalho. Para avaliá-lo, foi desenvolvida a Escala de Engajamento no Trabalho de Utrecht. O presente trabalho reuniu evidências de validade da versão reduzida da escala (UWES-9) por meio de análises de estrutura interna, de invariância por gênero e setor de trabalho (público ou privado), e de relações com variáveis externas. A amostra foi composta por 2.897 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (57,3% do sexo feminino), com média de idade de 32,8. Os modelos indicaram que a estrutura unidimensional obteve melhor ajuste e que os parâmetros dos itens não foram significativamente enviesados pelo sexo, setor e tempo de trabalho. A escala apresentou correlações positivas fortes com sentimentos positivos associados ao trabalho. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento recomendam seu uso futuro em investigações destinadas a avaliar o engajamento no trabalho em amostras brasileiras. Abstract Work engagement is a positive motivational state which is expressed in vigor, absorption and dedication feelings toward work. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was developed to measure this phenomenon. The present work collected validity evidence for the reduced scale (UWES-9) concerning its internal structure, gender and work sector (public and private) invariance and relationships with external variables. The sample consisted of 2,897 employees from both genders (57.3% were female), mean age equal to 32.8. The models indicated a unidimensional structure fit to the data, and the items parameters were not significantly biased due to gender, work sector, and job tenure. The scale showed positive strong correlations with positive feelings toward work. The psychometric properties of the scale recommend its future adoption in researchers about work engagement in Brazilian samples. Resumen El engagement en el trabajo es un estado de motivación positiva expresado en sentimientos de vigor, absorción y dedicación al trabajo. La Escala de Engagement en el Trabajo fue desarrollada para evaluar este constructo. El presente trabajo presentó evidencias de validez de la escala reducida (UWES-9) acerca de su estructura interna, invariancia de género y sector del trabajo (público y privado) y relaciones con variables externas. La muestra fue compuesta por 2.897 trabajadores (57,3% mujeres), con una edad media de 32,8 años. Los modelos indicaron que la estructura de una dimensión se ajustó a los datos, y los parámetros de los ítems no fueron significativamente influenciados por las variables género, sector de trabajo y tiempo de trabajo. La escala mostró correlaciones positivas fuertes con sentimientos positivos acerca del trabajo. Las propiedades psicométricas de la escala recomiendan su uso futuro en investigaciones acerca del engagement en el trabajo en muestras brasileñas.

Purpose: investigating the results of replicate experiment, in which the proposed technique for improving the accuracy of performing serve was used, and carrying out a comparative analysis the corresponding results of the current and initial experiments. Material & Methods: the analysis of the video, pedagogic observations, statistical methods of processing the results. Results: the replicate experiment has been carried out. The detailed analysis of the characteristics of moving ball has been performed. The approach for estimating the accuracy of the performing serve has been proposed. The estimation of statistical validity of differences between the results of the comparative analysis of the corresponding characteristics of both experiments has been performed using criteria Student and Fisher. Conclusions: in the replicate experiment a reliable change of the characteristic, which is associated with the accuracy of performing power serve in jump, has been identified. Using techniques developed by the author in the practice of training process can be considered that it is effective.

Entwicklung und psychometrische Eigenschaften der "Heidelberger Belastungsskala" (HBS) werden dargestellt. Die HBS wurde für eine niedrigschwellige und multiprofessionelle Einschätzung von Belastungen und Ressourcen einer Familie nach der Geburt eines Kindes entwickelt. Die HBS findet ihren Einsatz in der aufsuchenden Arbeit von z. B. Familienhebammen sowie in der Forschung. Die Validität der HBS wurde bei einer Stichprobe von 284 psychosozial belasteten Familien nach der Geburt ihres Kindes, die Interraterreliabilität bei einer Stichprobe von 41 ebenfalls belasteten Familien überprüft. Die HBS wies eine exzellente Interraterreliabilität innerhalb einer homogenen Berufsgruppe (Psychologiestudierende) und eine unzureichende zwischen zwei Berufsgruppen (Hebammen und Psychologiestudierende) auf. Bezüglich der Konstruktvalidität wurde ein starker positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der HBS und dem familiäre Risiken erfassenden "Anhaltsbogen für ein vertiefendes Gespräch" gefunden; die HBS wies einen negativen Zusammenhang mit mütterlicher Feinfühligkeit und einen positiven mit mütterlicher Stressbelastung auf. Bei einer hohen Belastung gemäß HBS war das Risiko der Inobhutnahme eines Kindes um das 4,5-Fache erhöht, die Sensibilität betrug 63,6 %.

PASQUALI, Luiz; GOUVEIA, Valdiney Veloso; SANTOS, Walberto Silva dos; FONSÊCA, Patrícia Nunes da; ANDRADE, Josemberg Moura de; LIMA, Tiago Jessé Souza de. Questionário de percepção dos pais: evidências de uma medida de estilos parentais. Paidéia, Ribeirão Preto, v. 22, n. 52, p. 155-164, mai./ago. 2012. Parenting styles have been investigated for several decades and are considered predictors of behavior among young individuals. This study’s objective was to produce a reduced version of a Brazilian measure that can used to evaluate such styles, the Parental Perception Questionnaire (PPQ-20), an instrument that is useful in assessing parenting styles. The participants were 386 elementary-school students (208 men) with a mean age of 12.7 years (sd = 1.60). The participants answered two versions of the PPQ, each one composed of 20 items to assess the young individuals’ perceptions concerning their fathers (PPQ-20-F) and mothers (PPQ-20-M). The analysis of principal components (varimax rotation) revealed a two-component structure (responsiveness and demandingness) for both versions, which accounted for about 40% of the total variance. These components presented Cronbach’s alpha scores above 0.70. Finally, there is evidence this measure has factorial validity and internal consistency. Os estilos parentais são investigados há várias décadas, sendo considerados preditores de comportamentos dos jovens. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal elaborar uma versão reduzida de uma medida brasileira que pode ser empregada para avaliar tais estilos, isto é, o Questionário de Percepção dos Pais – QPP. Participaram 386 estudantes do ensino fundamental, com idade média de 12,7 anos (DP = 1,60), que responderam duas versões do QPP, cada uma com 20 itens, que avaliavam a percepção dos jovens em relação ao seu pai (QPP-20-P) e sua mãe (QPP-20-M). Por meio de análise de componentes principais, identificou-se uma estrutura com dois componentes (responsividade e exigência) para ambas as versões, explicando cerca de 40% da variância total. Tais componentes apresentaram Alfas de Cronbach superiores a 0,70. Concluiu-se que existem evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna desta medida. Los estilos parentales han sido investigados por décadas, siendo considerados predictores de comportamientos de los jóvenes. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue producir una versión reducida de una medida brasileña que se puede utilizar para evaluar estos estilos, el Cuestionario de Percepción de los Padres (CPP-20), un instrumento útil para evaluar tales estilos parentales. Participaron 386 estudiantes de primaria (208 varones) con edad promedia de 12.7 años (dt = 1.60). Dos versiones del CPP, cada una con 20 ítems, fueron contestadas, evaluando la percepción de los jóvenes con respecto a sus padres (CPP-20-P) y madres (CPP-20-M). Un análisis de componentes principales (rotación varimax) reveló una estructura de dos factores (receptividad y exigencia) para las dos versiones, explicando alrededor de un 40% de la varianza total. Estos componentes presentaron alfas de Cronbach superiores a 0.70. Se concluyó que existen evidencias de validez factorial y fiabilidad de esta medida, que incluye dos dimensiones principales de los estilos parentales.

Job crafting behavior refers to the changes made by workers in their job context for adjusting their activities to their preferences. We sought to adapt and collect validity evidences of the Job Crafting Behaviors Scale for the Brazilian context, in a sample of 491 workers, with a mean age of 26.7 years. Factor analysis revealed that the final instrument consisted of three dimensions (increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources, increasing challenging job demands), which showed good internal consistency indexes. These dimensions showed low or moderate correlations with work engagement, positive psychological capital, positive job affect, and in-role performance. The scale showed evidence of validity, the use of which is recommended for future research on the changes that people make in their jobs. ResumoOs comportamentos de redesenho do trabalho dizem respeito às mudanças efetuadas pelos trabalhadores em seu contexto laboral para ajustar suas atividades às suas preferências. Buscou-se adaptar e reunir evidências de validade da Escala de Comportamentos de Redesenho do Trabalho para o contexto brasileiro, em uma amostra de 491 trabalhadores, com idade média de 26,7 anos. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias revelaram que o instrumento final se compôs de três dimensões (aumento dos recursos estruturais, aumento dos recursos sociais, aumento das demandas desafiadoras), que apresentaram bons índices de consistência interna. Tais dimensões apresentaram correlações positivas moderadas ou baixas com o engajamento no trabalho, o capital psicológico positivo, os afetos positivos no trabalho e o desempenho intrapapéis de trabalho. Concluiu-se que a escala demonstrou evidências de validade, o que recomenda seu uso para futuras pesquisas sobre as mudanças que os indivíduos realizam em seu trabalho. ResumenComportamientos de rediseño se refieren a los cambios realizados por los trabajadores en su contexto de trabajo para ajustar sus actividades a sus preferencias. El estudio buscó adaptar y reunir evidencias de validez de la Escala de Comportamientos de Rediseño del Trabajo para el contexto brasileño, en una muestra de 491 trabajadores, con una edad media de 26,7 años. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios demostraron que el instrumento final consistió en tres dimensiones (aumento de los recursos estructurales, aumento de los recursos sociales, aumento de las demandas desafiantes), que presentaron adecuados índices de consistencia interna. Estas dimensiones demostraron correlaciones bajas o moderadas con el engagement en el trabajo, el capital psicológico positivo, los afetos positivos en el trabajo y el desempeño in-rol. La conclusión es que la escala mostró evidencias de validez, que recomiendan su uso para investigaciones futuras sobre los cambios que las personas hacen en su trabajo.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da escala Eudemon de Bem-Estar Pessoal (EBP) entre adolescentes brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 1.479 adolescentes (64,7% meninas) entre 12 e 16 anos (M=14,12 anos; DP=1,26). Os participantes responderam à EBP e a outros instrumentos de bem-estar. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória (n=712) indicou a presença de dois fatores e a Consistência Interna da Escala mostrou-se adequada (α=0,767). A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (n=767) demonstrou bons índices de ajuste para a escala com 21 itens. Análises multigrupo indicaram que a estrutura fatorial da escala e as cargas fatoriais dos itens são semelhantes para meninos e meninas. Foram encontradas correlações significativas, com outras escalas de bem-estar, por meio de validação concorrente (correlações de Pearson). Pode-se concluir que o instrumento apresentou evidências de validade, podendo ser utilizado com adolescentes no Brasil. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Eudemon Scale of Personal Well-being (EBP) in Brazilian adolescents. The participants were 1479 adolescents (64.7% girls) between 12 and 16 years old (M=14,12, SD=1,26). Participants answered the EBP and other instruments of well-being. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (n=712) indicated the presence of two factors and the internal consistency of the scale was adequate (α=0,767). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (n=767) showed good fit indices of the scale with 21 items. Multigroup analyses indicated that the factor structure of the scale and the factor loadings of the items are similar for boys and girls. Significant correlations of the EBP were found with other scales that assess well-being through concurrent validation (Pearson correlations). It is possible to conclude that the instrument showed evidence of validity and it can be used with Brazilian adolescents. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Eudemon de Bienestar Personal (EBP) entre adolescentes brasileños. Participaron 1.479 adolescentes (64,7% del sexo femenino) entre 12 y 16 años (M=14,12 años; DT=1,26). Los participantes respondieron a la EBP y a otros instrumentos de bienestar. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (n=712) indicó la presencia de dos factores, y la consistencia interna de la escala fue adecuada (α=0,767). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (n=767) mostró buenos índices de ajuste para la escala con 21 ítems. Análisis de múltiples grupos señalaron que la estructura factorial de la escala y las cargas factoriales de los ítems son semejantes, tanto para varones como para niñas. Por medio de la validez concurrente (correlación de Pearson) fueron encontradas correlaciones significativas con otras escalas de bienestar. Se concluyó que el instrumento presentó evidencias de validez, y puede ser utilizado con adolescentes en Brasil.

Realizar estimativas cognitivas é uma habilidade que envolve encontrar respostas não imediatamente disponíveis utilizando-se processos de raciocínio e resolução de problemas para se chegar a uma alternativa de resposta. Tal habilidade pode ser investigada com o Cognitive Estimation Test (CET). A tarefa existe no idioma inglês, sendo necessárias adaptações para diferentes idiomas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi adaptar o CET para o português brasileiro. O CET foi traduzido da versão original, em inglês britânico, e então submetido à análise teórica e empírica. Como resultado do estudo piloto, uma escala de 28 perguntas foi produzida, atingindo níveis de consistência interna de 0,50 (alfa de Cronbach), 0,58 (split half), e 0,73 (Guttmann). A tarefa definida no estudo piloto foi então testada em uma nova amostra, obtendo índices de fidedignidade de 0,57 (alfa de Cronbach), 0,60 (split half), e 0,74 (Guttman). Uma versão final do CET em português brasileiro foi definida e disponibilizada. Cognitive estimation is an ability that involves searching for non-readily-available answers, requiring reasoning and problemsolving processes in order to find a response alternative. This ability can be investigated with the Cognitive Estimation Test (CET). The test exists in an English version and requires adaptations to be used in different languages. The aim of the present study was to adapt the CET to Brazilian Portuguese. The CET was translated from the original version in British English, then its items were submitted to theoretical and empirical analysis. The pilot study generated a 28-item scale with levels of internal consistency of 0.50 (Cronbach’s Alpha), 0.58 (split half), and 0.73 (Guttmann). The test defined during the pilot study was then tested in a new sample, producing internal consistency values of 0.57 (Cronbach’s Alpha), 0.60 (split half), and 0.74 (Guttman). A final version of the CET was produced and is now available in Brazilian Portuguese. Realizar estimativas es una habilidad que requiere encontrar respuestas no disponibles inmediatamente, lo que comprende procesos de raciocinio y resolución de problemas para llegarse a una alternativa de respuesta. Esta habilidad puede ser investigada a través del Cognitive Estimation Test (CET). El test existe en el idioma inglés, lo que implica en adaptaciones para otros idiomas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de adaptar el CET al idioma portugués de Brasil. El CET fue traducido de la versión original, en inglés británico, y luego realizado un análisis teórico y empírico. Como resultado del estudio piloto, una escala de 28 ítems fue producida, alcanzando niveles de consistencia interna de 0,50 (alpha de Cronbach), 0,58 (split half), y 0,73 (Guttmann). El test definido en el estudio fue utilizado en una nueva muestra, obteniendo índices de fidedignidad de 0,57 (alpha de Cronbach), 0,60 (split half), y 0,74 (Guttman). Una versión final del CET en portugués de Brasil fue, por fin definida y ofrecida a la comunidad científica.

El objetivo del estudio consistió en validar la Escala de Cinismo Organizacional de Brandes para su empleo con trabajadores argentinos. Se analizó la equivalencia funcional del instrumento. Se administró una versión adaptada a una muestra de 396 empleados, quienes respondieron también una selección de instrumentos para explorar confianza en la organización, compromiso organizacional y satisfacción laboral. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una estructura de tres factores que explicaron el 68.8% de la varianza total. El análisis factorial confirmatorio condujo a re-especificar el modelo, eliminando tres ítems. La validez de constructo quedó demostrada en base a los análisis de correlación efectuados. La confiabilidad del instrumento alcanzó niveles satisfactorios. Se puntualizan las debilidades y fortalezas de la investigación realizada. Se sugiere una agenda para futuros estudios. The aim of this study was to validate the Brandes´s Organizational Cynicism Scale in order to use it with Argentinean workers. Functional equivalence of the instrument was analyzed. The adapted version was administered to a sample of 396 workers; who also answered a selection of instruments to explore organizational trust, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor structure that explained 68.8% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis led to re-specification of the model, eliminating three items. Construct validity was demonstrated on the basis of correlation analysis. Instrument reliability reached satisfactory levels. Weaknesses and strengths of the research are pointed out. A new agenda for future research is suggested.

Os estilos parentais são investigados há várias décadas, sendo considerados preditores de comportamentos dos jovens. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal elaborar uma versão reduzida de uma medida brasileira que pode ser empregada para avaliar tais estilos, isto é, o Questionário de Percepção dos Pais - QPP. Participaram 386 estudantes do ensino fundamental, com idade média de 12,7 anos (DP = 1,60), que responderam duas versões do QPP, cada uma com 20 itens, que avaliavam a percepção dos jovens em relação ao seu pai (QPP-20-P) e sua mãe (QPP-20-M). Por meio de análise de componentes principais, identificou-se uma estrutura com dois componentes (responsividade e exigência) para ambas as versões, explicando cerca de 40% da variância total. Tais componentes apresentaram Alfas de Cronbach superiores a 0,70. Concluiu-se que existem evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna desta medida. Parenting styles have been investigated for several decades and are considered predictors of behavior among young individuals. This study's objective was to produce a reduced version of a Brazilian measure that can used to evaluate such styles, the Parental Perception Questionnaire (PPQ-20), an instrument that is useful in assessing parenting styles. The participants were 386 elementary-school students (208 men) with a mean age of 12.7 years (sd = 1.60). The participants answered two versions of the PPQ, each one composed of 20 items to assess the young individuals' perceptions concerning their fathers (PPQ-20-F) and mothers (PPQ-20-M). The analysis of principal components (varimax rotation) revealed a two-component structure (responsiveness and demandingness) for both versions, which accounted for about 40% of the total variance. These components presented Cronbach's alpha scores above 0.70. Finally, there is evidence this measure has factorial validity and internal consistency. Los estilos parentales han sido investigados por décadas, siendo considerados predictores de comportamientos de los jóvenes. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue producir una versión reducida de una medida brasileña que se puede utilizar para evaluar estos estilos, el Cuestionario de Percepción de los Padres (CPP-20), un instrumento útil para evaluar tales estilos parentales. Participaron 386 estudiantes de primaria (208 varones) con edad promedia de 12.7 años (dt = 1.60). Dos versiones del CPP, cada una con 20 ítems, fueron contestadas, evaluando la percepción de los jóvenes con respecto a sus padres (CPP-20-P) y madres (CPP-20-M). Un análisis de componentes principales (rotación varimax) reveló una estructura de dos factores (receptividad y exigencia) para las dos versiones, explicando alrededor de un 40% de la varianza total. Estos componentes presentaron alfas de Cronbach superiores a 0.70. Se concluyó que existen evidencias de validez factorial y fiabilidad de esta medida, que incluye dos dimensiones principales de los estilos parentales.

The present article aims at the criterion-related validation of the Greek State Certificate of English Language Proficiency (B2 level)[1]. Two criterion-tests were used: QPT[2] and FCE[3]. The scores of 124 subjects on KPG and the two test-criteria were analyzed through SPSS 11.0 using Pearson correlation coefficient. The evidence collected led to the confirmation of the criterion-related validity of KPG. The subjects’ total scores on KPG showed positive correlations with their scores on both test-criteria. The validity of KPG was further confirmed by the positive correlations of subjects’ sub-scores on the different exam papers of KPG and FCE. [1] The test is part of a Greek multi-level standardized suite of national language examinations, known as ‘Kratiko Pistopiitiko Glossomathias’ or KPG. [2] Quick Placement Test. [3] First Certificate in English., Selected papers on theoretical and applied linguistics, Vol 19 (2011): Selected Papers from the 19th International Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Thessaloniki 3-5 April 2009

The purpose of discussed optimal valid partitioning (OVP) methods is uncovering of ordinal or continuous explanatory variables effect on outcome variables of different types. The OVP approach is based on searching partitions of explanatory variables space that in the best way separate observations with different levels of outcomes. Partitions of single variables ranges or two-dimensional admissible areas for pairs of variables are searched inside corresponding families. Statistical validity associated with revealed regularities is estimated with the help of permutation test repeating search of optimal partition for each permuted dataset. Method for output regularities selection is discussed that is based on validity evaluating with the help of two types of permutation tests.

This study analyzes quantity impacts of imported crawfish tailmeat on Louisiana crawfish tailmeat prices, and demonstrates the statistical validity and proper interpretation of cross substitution within inverse demand systems. Among five inverse demand systems, the Differential Inverse National Bureau of Research (DINBR) model shows no violation of econometric assumptions for the data analyzed. By using Allais coefficients proposed by Barten and Bettendorf (1989), we show substitutability among the five fish species.

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio de validación de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la resolución de ítems de un test de operaciones aritméticas básicas entre números enteros. La validación de la estructura cognitiva propuesta para la tarea se lleva a cabo mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y triangulación. Los resultados muestran relaciones de subordinación fuertes y positivas entre los ítems en algunas de las rutas, apoyando solo parcialmente la estructura propuesta. Sin embargo, la triangulación aporta una mayor evidencia de validez., The present work is aimed to carry out a validation study of the cognitive operations required for the correct solution of items of a math test which includes basic arithmetic operations between integer numbers. The validation of the hypothesized cognitive structure is made by means of structural equation modeling and triangulation methods. Results show strong and positive cognitive subordination relationships between some items but the structural equation model fit only provides a partial support for the proposed structure. However, the triangulation procedure provides further evidence of validity., Este trabajo está financiado por el proyecto de la DGICYT (ref. SEJ2004-05872)

Dargestellt werden Ergebnisse der Prüfung von Konvergenz- und Diskriminanz-Validität der für Familiendiagnostik und -therapie zentralen Dimensionen "Kohäsion" und "Kontrolle" mittels einer Multitrait-Multimethod-Matrix, in die aus sieben bis Ende 1995 erschienenen Studien fünf bekannte familiendiagnostische Instrumente eingehen. Als zentrales Ergebnis zeigt sich, daß sowohl die Diskriminanz- als auch die Konvergenz- Validität von "Kohäsion" wie von "Kontrolle" nicht als gesichert angesehen werden kann. The results of testing convergence- and discriminance-validity of the central dimensions "cohesion" and "control" for family diagnostics and therapy are presented in this paper by means of a multitrait-multimethod matrix which includes five known family diagnostic instruments from seven studies published up until the end of 1995. The main result demonstrates that both discriminance- and convergence-validity cannot be considered safe from "cohesion" or "control".

An zwei Stichproben von insgesamt 1147 Probanden wurden Binnenstruktur, Stabilität, Bereichsspezifität und Konstruktvalidität eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Neigung zu Verantwortlichkeitsabwehr (VA) untersucht. VA erwies sich als stark über drei verschiedene Gruppen von Benachteiligten (Dritte Welt, Gastarbeiter, Behinderte) und drei Abwehrstrategien (Notlagenleugnung, Selbstverschuldungsvorwurf, Abschieben der Verantwortung auf andere) generalisiert. Es zeigten sich aber auch deutliche bereichs- und strategiespezifische Varianzanteile. Die relative Stabilität der VA über 18 Monate lag bei .60. VA korrelierte positiv mit der Geringschätzung von Benachteiligten, dem Glauben an eine gerechte Welt und der Bevorzugung des Leistungsprinzips, negativ mit Schuldgefühlen und einer positiven Einstellung gegenüber Benachteiligten sowie einer Präferenz für das Bedürfnisprinzip. Es fanden sich darüber hinaus bereichs- und strategiespezifische Zusammenhänge zwischen VA und den genannten Validierungskorrelaten. Investigated the factorial structure, specificity, stability and validity of responsibility denial in two independent samples with a total of 1,147 subjects. Responsibility denial was found to be generalized strongly across three groups of disadvantaged (the poor in Third World countries, foreign workers and the physically handicapped) and three different strategies (denial of existing needs, perceiving needs as self-inflicted, and making others responsible for helping). However, substantial amounts of responsibility denial variance were specific to groups and strategies. Mean stability of responsibility denial over 18 months was .60. Responsibility denial correlated negatively with feelings of guilt and favorable attitudes toward the disadvantaged, and with preferring need as a justice principle.

Zur Überwindung von Defiziten bisheriger Konsistenz-Selbsteinschätzungen wurde ein Konsistenzfragebogen entwickelt, der aus drei mäßig korrelierten, homogenen Teilskalen besteht: Konsistenzzentralität (eigenständige Einstellungen bilden und diesen gemäß handeln), Meinungsstabilität (eigene Einstellungen über die Zeit hinweg beibehalten) und Robustheit gegenüber Situationseinflüssen (die eigene Einstellung trotz widriger Umstände in die Tat umsetzen). Die Konstruktvalidität dieser drei intern konsistenten Teilskalen wurde an der faktischen inter- und intraindividuell bestimmten Konsistenz von Variablen aus zwei Korrelationsstudien über soziale Verantwortlichkeit geprüft, an denen 673 bzw. 340 Personen teilnahmen. Keiner der drei Faktoren des Konsistenz-Selbstbildes erwies sich als valide. So moderierte etwa Konsistenzzentralität nicht den Zusammenhang zwischen prosozialen Einstellungen und prosozialem Verhalten. Auch bestand kein Zusammenhang zwischen Meinungsstabilität und der tatsächlichen Stabilität von Einstellungen und persönlichen Normen über 9 und 18 Monate. Schließlich moderierte die Robustheit gegenüber Situationseinflüssen nicht den Einfluss antizipierter Kosten auf das Ausmaß geleisteter Hilfe. Diese Ergebnisse sind relativ #b63-sicher. Developed a consistency questionnaire consisting of three moderately correlated, homogeneous subscales, for the purpose of overcoming the deficiencies of earlier self-rating scales of consistency. The subscales are: centrality of consistency (forming one's own attitudes and behaving in accordance with them), stability of opinions (maintaining one's own attitudes over time), and robustness against situational influences (actualizing one's own attitudes despite adverse circumstances). The construct validity of these three internally consistent subscales was tested against the actual inter- and intraindividually determined consistency of variables from two correlational studies of social responsibility with 673 and 340 subjects, respectively). None of the three factors of the consistency self-ratings proved to be valid. Thus, for example, centrality of consistency did not moderate the relationship between prosocial attitudes and prosocial behavior. There was also no relationship between the stability-of-opinions measure and actual stability of attitudes and personal norms over 9 and 18 months. Finally, robustness against situational influences did not moderate the influence of anticipated costs on the amount of help given. These results are relatively reliable.

Every day life frequently requires informal reasoning about probabilistic events even though formal education in probabilistic reasoning is considered a difficult advanced topic. The large number of probabilistic expressions in common usage (such as rarely, probably, seldom, possibly) are evidence of the importance of informal probabilistic reasoning. To communicate and reason effectively about probabilistic events, these expressions should have mutually understood, reasonably precise interpretations. Informal interviews suggest, however, that these expressions are generally vague and imprecise.

Fil: Salessi, Solana. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales del Rosario; Argentina Fil: Salessi, Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Salessi, Solana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Humanidades y Artes; Argentina Fil: Omar, Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Omar, Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Humanidades y Artes; Argentina Abstract: The psychometric characteristics of the Dark Triad Scale in an Argentinian context are presented. Two successive studies were carried out. Three hundred sixteen people, with an average age of 34.48 years (SD = 10.57), participated in Study 1. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure with suitable internal consistency (Machiavellianism: α = 0.92; narcissism: α = 0.91, and psychopathy: α = 0.89). Two hundred seventy-fi ve people, with an average age of 32 years (SD = 8.10), participated in Study 2. A confi rmatory factor analysis corroborated the three-factor structure. The three factors reached Satisfactory Composite Reliability (greater than 0.70) and adequate Convergent-Discriminant Validity (Average Variance Extrated greater than 0.50). The invariance of the scale’s parameters was demonstrated by sex. The results indicate that the Argentinian version of the Dark Triad Scale measures the dark side of personality with appropriate validity and reliability, both in men and women. Resumo: Este estudo apresenta as características psicométricas da Dark Triad Scale para o contexto da Argentina. Dois estudos sucessivos foram realizados. Participaram do primeiro estudo trezentas e dezesseis pessoas, com uma idade média de 34,48 anos (DP = 10,57). A análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura de três fatores com adequada consistência interna (Maquiavelismo: α = 0,92; narcisismo: α = 0,91, e psicopatia: α = 0,89). Do segundo estudo participaram duzentas e setenta e cinco pessoas, com uma idade média de 32 anos (DP = 8,10). A análise fatorial confi rmatória confi rmou a adequação da estrutura trifatorial. Os três fatores resultantes apresentaram Confi abilidade Composta Satisfatória (maior que 0,70) e indicadores adequados de validade convergente-discriminante (AVE maior que 0,50). A invariância dos parâmetros da escala foi demonstrada por meio do sexo. Os resultados indicam que a versão argentina da Dark Triad Scale mede o lado escuro da personalidade com validade e confi abilidade adequadas, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres.

Este estudo tem por objetivo adaptar o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping para o português. Para a tradução foram utilizados quatro juízes, que indicaram ser a tradução fidedigna ao inventário original com relação à interpretação das questões. Para a precisão foram utilizados os procedimentos de teste e reteste e o método das metades. Para a validade, validade concorrente, fatorial e consistência interna. Os resultados dos testes indicam que a adaptação do questionário é satisfatória. Os sujeitos responderam de maneira coerente ao questionário, os itens apresentaram consistência interna, a análise fatorial foi altamente consistente em relação ao estudo norte-americano e os grupos estudados mantêm uma certa homogeneidade quanto à resposta a uma determinada estratégia de coping.

An einer Stichprobe von 673 erwachsenen Töchtern wurde die Frage untersucht, ob für die Vorhersage von prosozialen Leistungen gegenüber der eigenen Mutter einer- seits und der Absicht zu solchen Leistungen andererseits Prädiktoren unterschiedlicher theoretischer Provenienz unterschiedlich geeignet sind. Verglichen wurden merkmals- artige Charakterisierungen der Person und ihrer sozialen Bezüge mit mutmaßlich hand- lungsleitenden Kognitionen. Die pfadanalytische Auswertung der Daten legt den Schluß nahe, daß die Handlungsabsicht mehr als ihre Verwirklichung eine rationale Konstruktion aus aktuell-situationsspezifischen Kognitionen darstellt. Die Handlungs- ausführung scheint, im Einklang mit handlungstheoretischen Argumenten, primär eine Funktion der Absicht zu sein. Von eigenständigem prognostischem Wert sind darüber hinaus Handlungskompetenzen, das Ausmaß bisheiger Leistungen vom gleichen Typ sowie die Güte der familiären Beziehungen., The present study deals with the question whether the intentions of adult daughters (N = 673) to behave prosocially towards their mothers can be predicted from the same variables as the prosocial behavior itself, or whether different kinds of predictor variables are necessary. The kinds of variables focussed on are general charac- teristics of the person and her social environment on the one hand, and on the other hand specific cognitions related to the prosocial behavior in question. Path analysis of the data suggests that the intention to behave prosocially more strongly than the behavior itself depends on situation-specific cognitions, whereas the behavior itself is - in accordance with action theory - primarily a function of intentions. Over and above intentions, however, other variables play a signiicant role in predicting behavior: competences to perform the behavior in question, amount of prosocial behavior of the same kind performed in the past, and quality of family relations.

Es wird uber die Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung des Temperaments bei Kindern im Kleinkind- und Vorschulalter berichtet. Die "Toddler Temperament Scale" (TTS) von Fullard, McDevitt und Carey (1984) wurde 80 Müttern, deren Kinder sich wegen eines elektiv chiruigischen Eingriffs im Krankenhaus aufhielten, zur Beantwortung vorgelegt. Die faktorielle Struktur des Fragebogens ist recht differenziert und gut vergleichbar mit a priori-konzipierten Dimensionen des kindlichen Temperaments. Die aufgezeigte Beziehung zwischen dem Temperament der Kinder und Verhaltensänderungen, die nach der Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus auftraten, sind als Beleg fur die prädiktive Validität des Instruments zu betrachten.

Jean Piagets Psychologie der kognitiven Entwicklung hat in den letzten Jah- ren eine bemerkenswerte Renaissance erlebt. Einer der Gründe mag darin zu suchen sein, daß die Unzulänglichkeiten des mechanistischen S-R Modells des Lernens für die Analyse von Prozessen schulischen Lernens und Unterrichtens weithin erkannt wurden. Bei der allgemeinen Wendung zu kognitiven Theorien der Veränderung fällt Piagets Theorie der Entwicklung eine zentrale Rolle zu, insofern sie der herrschenden Lernpsychologie ein deutlich konstrastierendes Modell gegenüberstellt: Ein als aktiv betrachteter Organismus konstruiert sich in Auseinandersetzung mit der Umwelt seine Instrumente der Erkenntnis., Investigated the factorial structure, specificity, stability and validity of responsibility denial in two independent samples with a total of 1,147 subjects. Responsibility denial was found to be generalized strongly across three groups of disadvantaged (the poor in Third World countries, foreign workers and the physically handicapped) and three different strategies (denial of existing needs, perceiving needs as self-inflicted, and making others responsible for helping). However, substantial amounts of responsibility denial variance were specific to groups and strategies. Mean stability of responsibility denial over 18 months was .60. Responsibility denial correlated negatively with feelings of guilt and favorable attitudes toward the disadvantaged, and with preferring need as a justice principle.