Search

Die Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit L��nder und Kommunen den Stellplatz im Wohnungsbau als Instrument erkennen und nutzen, um aktuelle Probleme der Stadtentwicklung zu l��sen. Aus Sicht der Stadtplanung wird der Frage nachgegangen, mit welchen Strategien die ��ffentliche Hand die Potenziale des Stellplatzes aktivieren kann. Der Fokus wird hierbei auf den Geschosswohnungsneubau sowie auf das Bundesland Baden-W��rttemberg gelegt. In der Arbeit werden eine Vielzahl an Quellen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen ausgewertet und zusammengef��hrt sowie eigene Erhebungen durchgef��hrt. Qualitative und quantitative Forschungsmethoden werden kombiniert und f��r die Erhebungen wird auf Inhaltsanalysen, Befragungen und Beobachtungen zur��ckgegriffen. Im Grundlagenteil wird der aktuelle Wissensstand zu den Themen Mobilit��t und Wohnen sowie ruhender Verkehr und Parkierung aufgearbeitet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die k��nftige Weiterentwicklung der Mobilit��t mit vielen Unsicherheiten verbunden ist, was die Erarbeitung langfristiger Handlungsstrategien erschwert. Da es kaum Daten zur Auslastung von Stellpl��tzen im Geschosswohnungsbau gibt, wird in einer exemplarischen Tiefgarage in Baden-W��rttemberg eine eigene Erhebung durchgef��hrt. Die Grundlagenkapitel lassen deutlich erkennen, dass der Stellplatz im Wohnungsneubau einen wichtigen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung von St��dten leisten kann. Seine gr����ten Potenziale liegen aus dem Blickwinkel der Stadtplanung darin, dass die Wohnkosten, der Fl��chenverbrauch sowie die MIV-Belastung reduziert sowie die Stadtraumqualit��t verbessert werden k��nnen. Diese Potenziale stehen allerdings in einem komplexen Spannungsfeld zueinander und f��hren in der Praxis h��ufig zu Zielkonflikten und Widerst��nden. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie diese Potenziale bislang ausgesch��pft werden bzw. k��nftig gehoben werden k��nnen. Die verschiedenen Untersuchungen gliedern sich nach den drei r��umlichen Ebenen, auf denen die ��ffentliche Hand t��tig werden kann: Bundesland, Gesamtstadt und Baugebiet. Da die Stellplatzpflicht in Deutschland ��bergeordnet auf der Landesebene geregelt wird und eines der strategisch wichtigsten Instrumente darstellt, werden zun��chst bundesweit alle Landesbauordnungen sowie die Musterbauordnung systematisch ausgewertet. Im Fokus-Bundesland Baden-W��rttemberg wird die Landesbauordnung vertieft untersucht und erg��nzend dazu ein Experteninterview mit einem Mitarbeiter im zust��ndigen Ministerium gef��hrt. Um herauszufinden, inwieweit St��dte gesetzliche M��glichkeiten zur Stellplatzreduzierung nutzen, werden au��erhalb von Baden-W��rttemberg in jedem Bundesland ausgew��hlte St��dte dahingehend ausgewertet, ob sie ��ber eine rechtskr��ftige kommunale Stellplatzsatzung verf��gen und ��� wenn ja ��� wie darin die Stellplatzpflicht geregelt wird. In Baden-W��rttemberg enth��lt die Landesbauordnung einige besondere Regelungen ��� u.a. erm��chtigt sie erst seit 2015 die Kommunen, auch f��r Wohnungen den strikten 1:1-Stellplatzschl��ssel des Landes abzusenken. Inwieweit die Kommunen die neue M��glichkeit f��r Stellplatzreduzierungen nutzen, wird in einer schriftlichen Befragung unter Verwaltungen in allen St��dten mit mehr als 30.000 Einwohnern in Baden-W��rttemberg untersucht (R��cklaufquote: 80 %). Hierbei wurde auch gefragt, f��r wie praktikabel die aktuellen Regelungen in der baden-w��rttembergischen Bauordnung gehalten werden und wie die Stellplatzpflicht auf Landesebene geregelt werden sollte. Auf Grundlage der R��ckmeldungen aus der Befragung werden die Bebauungspl��ne oder selbst��ndigen Satzungen systematisch ausgewertet, in denen bereits die Stellplatzpflicht abgesenkt wurde. Da sich im Zuge der Arbeit das Baugebiet als sehr wichtige Umsetzungsebene herausstellt, werden abschlie��end zw��lf Projekte mit besonderen Parkierungskonzepten untersucht. Insgesamt zeigt die Arbeit auf, dass der ��ffentlichen Hand vielf��ltige M��glichkeiten zur Verf��gung stehen, den Stellplatz strategisch f��r die Stadtentwicklung einzusetzen. Allerdings werden die Potenziale in der Praxis aus verschiedenen Gr��nden bislang oft nicht ausgesch��pft. Erkennbar ist zudem ein gro��er Forschungsbedarf zur tats��chlichen Nachfrage und Nutzung von Wohnungsstellpl��tzen in Abh��ngigkeit verschiedener Faktoren wie z.B. dem Vorhandensein eines Mobilit��tskonzepts. Auf Grundlage aller Untersuchungen werden als Folgerungen insgesamt 30 Strategiebausteine erarbeitet, wie die ��ffentliche Hand den Stellplatz im Wohnungsbau qualifizieren kann. Um die Potenziale des Stellplatzes f��r die Stadtentwicklung zu aktivieren, sollte die ��ffentliche Hand Qualifizierungsstrategien entwickeln und umsetzen, die die Themen Kosten, Fl��chenverbrauch, MIV-Belastung und Stadtraumqualit��t gleicherma��en ber��cksichtigen., This work examines the question to what extent federal states and municipalities use private parking space in housing as an instrument to solve current problems of urban development. From the perspective of urban planning, the aim is to find out with which strategies public authorities can activate the potentials lying in parking space. The focus is on new multi-storey residential buildings and on the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. In the work, existing studies from different fields are evaluated and supplemented by own research. The work combines qualitative and quantitative research methods. Content analysis, surveys and observations are used for the investigations. The theoretical part of the dissertation explores the current state of knowledge on mobility and dwelling as well as on stationary traffic and parking. The great uncertainties about how mobility will change make it difficult to formulate long-term strategies of action. Due to the lack of information about the utilization of parking space, an inquiry was conducted in an exemplary underground car park in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The introductory chapters in the work make clear that parking space in housing can contribute to a sustainable development of cities to a large extent. From the perspective of urban planning, the greatest potentials lie in the fact that housing costs, land consumption and motorized private transport can be reduced and the quality of urban space can be improved. But these potentials often stand in a field of tension and lead in reality to conflicting goals and resistance. The empirical part of the work pursue the question how these potentials have been exploited so far and can be better exploited in the future. The different investigations are structured according to the three spatial levels on which the public sector can become active: federal state, city and building area. The legal obligation to build parking space is one of the most important strategic instruments and is regulated on the level of federal states in Germany. For this reason, the work evaluates the building regulations of every federal state and the model building regulations. In the focused federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, the state building regulations are investigated in greater detail. In addition, an employee of the ministry in charge is being interviewed to gain further expertise. The next step is to analyse to what extent cities make use of the legal authorization to reduce the number of parking space. Therefore, selected cities in every German federal state except of Baden-Wuerttemberg are checked if they have a municipal statute regulating parking space. If so, it is examined how the requirements are regulated in detail. The state building regulations of Baden-Wuerttemberg contain some special regulations ��� for example only since 2015 they have been authorizing municipalities to reduce also for apartments the amount of parking space required by the federal state. To find out to what extent municipalities use the new possibility of reduction, a written survey was distributed to administrations of all towns with more than 30.000 inhabitants in Baden-Wuerttemberg (response rate: 80 %). In the survey, it was also asked how far the current rules in the local building regulations are considered to bei practicabel and how the parking space requirements should be regulated at the state level. Based on the survey results, all development plans or independent municipal codes, that have already reduced the amount of mandatory parking space, are systematically evaluated. Finally twelve building areas with special parking concepts are analysed because in the course of the work this level turned out to be very important to take measures. On the whole, the work shows that the public sector has a lot of options for action to use parking lots strategically for urban development. But often these potentials haven��t been exploited in practice yet. The investigations point out a great need for research on the actual demand and usage of parking space in residental buildings depending on various factors such as the existence of a mobility concept. Based on all previous investigations, the work develops 30 strategy modules which demonstrate how the public sector can improve its dealing with parking space in residental buildings. In order to activate the potentials of parking space for urban development, local authorities should work out and implement qualification strategies that equally consider the issues of housing costs, land consumption, motorized private transport and quality of urban space.

Parkende Kraftfahrzeuge sind im Stra��enraum allgegenw��rtig. Gleichzeitig ist besonders in St��dten der Nutzungsdruck auf den ��ffentlichen Raum hoch. Wie kommt es dazu, dass der ruhende Verkehr so viel Fl��che einnehmen darf? Welche Auswirkungen hat das? In dieser Arbeit wird diesbez��glich zuerst die Entwicklung des ruhenden Verkehrs historisch betrachtet, danach wird auf die aktuelle Lage im Sinne einer Stellplatzbilanz, sowie der Fl��chenverteilung auf verschiedene Nutzungen, wie Verkehrsraum, Gr��nraum oder bebautes Gebiet eingegangen. Die Stellplatzverpflichtung steht ebenso im Zusammenhang mit dem ruhenden Verkehr: Sie schreibt die Errichtung privater Stellpl��tze bei Bauvorhaben vor. Dessen indirekte Wirkungen werden mit Sekund��rliteratur betrachtet, die direkte Wirkung, die Stellplatzerrichtung, wird im Bereich des Wohnbaus quantitativ und qualitativ untersucht. Die Stadt wurde von der Motorisierung stark gepr��gt. Parken war beispielsweise auf der Stra��e nicht immer erlaubt. Die bereits erw��hnte Stellplatzverpflichtung gibt es seit 1939 und sollte urspr��nglich den Stra��enraum von parkenden Fahrzeugen befreien. Dies gelang bisher nicht, auch da die privaten Stellpl��tze deutlich teurer sind als ��ffentliches Parken. Die Parkraumbewirtschaftung zeigte weit gr����ere Wirkungen: Ein Umstieg auf andere Verkehrsmittel erfolgte und die ��berbelegung der Stellpl��tze verschwand. Bezogen auf den Nutzungsdruck des ��ffentlichen Raumes ist dieser in den innerst��dtischen Bezirken am h��chsten. Werden die vorhandenen Stellpl��tze den Pkw-Zahlen gegen��bergestellt, dann verf��gen fast alle Bezirke ��ber ausreichend Stellpl��tze, teilweise sind es sogar mehr Stellpl��tze als Personenkraftwagen. Eine Wirkung der Stellplatzverpflichtung ist die F��rderung des motorisierten Individualverkehrs, was eigentlich nicht den Zielen der Stadt Wien entspricht. Auch f��hren verpflichtende Stellpl��tze zu mangelnder Quantit��t oder Qualit��t im Wohnbau, da das Geld in (Tief-)garagen investiert werden muss. Dies wird auch von Personen aus dem Bautr��gerinnen- und Bautr��gerwesen best��tigt. Aus diesen Gr��nden sollte die Stellplatzverpflichtung eigentlich nicht weiter verfolgt bzw. ausreichend angepasst werden. Eine genaue Analyse der vorhandenen Stellpl��tze, gemeinsam mit dem Fahrzeugbestand erm��glichen eine sinnvolle kleinr��umige Gliederung. Zus��tzlich sollten Anreize f��r die Organisation in Form von Sammelgaragen gegeben werden, da diese Chancengleichheit im Verkehrssystem erm��glichen und im Falle der Realisierung als Hochgaragen bei einer zu erwartenden ��nderung des Bedarfs leicht umgenutzt werden k��nnen., Parked vehicles are normal on roads, while actually the streets could also be used differently. Especially in cities there are a lot of different usages, which leads to pressure on public spaces. How did it come that parking uses so much public space? And what are the impacts of this? First, this thesis analyzes the historical development regarding parking. Then the needed and given amount of parking spaces are investigated, whilst the distribution of all the various uses, such as traffic space, green space or built-up area in Vienna is described. The parking space obligation (���Stellplatzverpflichtung���) is also related to the stationary traffic: it regulates the construction of private parking spaces for construction projects. Its indirect effects are considered with secondary literature, whereas the direct effect, the construction of parking spaces, is examined quantitatively and qualitatively in the area of residential construction. Vienna was strongly shaped by motorization. For example, parking was not always allowed on the street. The parking space obligation mentioned above has been existing since 1939 and was originally intended to free the street area from parked vehicles. So far, this has not been achieved, also because private parking is significantly more expensive than public parking. The public parking space regulation system showed far greater effects: a switch to other modes of transport and less overuse of parking spaces took place. The pressure of use of public space is highest in the inner-city districts. Comparing the available parking spaces with the passenger vehicle numbers, then almost all districts have sufficient parking spaces, sometimes there are even more parking spaces than registered passenger cars. One effect of the parking space obligation is the promotion of motorized private transport, which does actually not correspond to the municipal goals regarding transportation. Obligatory parking spaces also lead to a lack of quantity or quality in residential construction, since the money has to be invested in (often underground) garages. People from the property development sector confirmed this theory. For these reasons, the parking space obligation should not be pursued further or at least be adjusted sufficiently. A precise analysis of the existing parking spaces, together with the vehicle stock, is needed to enable a meaningful small-scale regulation. In addition, the city should give incentives for the organization in form of collective garages, because these make the needed equal opportunities in the transport system possible. If they are constructed above ground, they can also be easily reused in case of changed demand.

Jedan od ključnih problema u prometu koji je prisutan u većini gradova, a s kojim se susreće i Zadar je promet u mirovanju. U radu je dan pregled postojećeg stanja prometa u mirovanju na području Zadra te su analizirani ponuda i potražnja za prometom u mirovanju. Na temelju istraživanja utvrđeno je da je problem najizraženiji tijekom ljetnih mjeseci kada većinu potrebe za parkingom generiraju turisti. Na kraju rada ponuđene su mjere tj. prijedlozi potencijalnog rješenja problema prometa u mirovanju u gradu Zadru. One of the key issues regarding city traffic infrastructure is stationary traffic i.e. parking zones. This paper gives an overview of the current state of stationary traffic in the area of Zadar and analyzes the supply and demand for car parks. According to the conducted research, the issue is most evident during summer months when the need for parking spaces increases due to growth in tourist flow. Besides a detailed look into the matter, the paper also offers possible solutions to the issue of stationary traffic in Zadar city area.

Since the Republic of Croatia is one of the most popular European and world tourist destinations, the aim of this paper is, from the user’s (n = 596) point of view, to research the importance of stationary traffic in tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to point out the possibilities of improving the tourist destination quality and sustainability through an adequate parking service. In order to corroborate constructed scientific hypotheses, a larger number of scientific methods were used from which a polling method, analysis and synthesis method, descriptive statistics method, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) should be singled out. The major finding of this paper indicates a relatively big importance of stationary traffic (M = 6.51, SD = 2.21) as an element of tourist destination quality. Moreover, regarding the quality of tourist destination, the results of this paper suggest that the parking space availability is more important than the way parking or parking payment are organized. Between the experienced parking problem in a tourist destination and age on one side and evaluation of the importance of stationary traffic as an element of tourist destination quality on the other side, a statistically important connection was established. Gained knowledge can be particularly helpful to hotel industry managers but also to traffic managers whose duty is to provide an adequate number of parking spaces in tourist destinations.

U ovom radu analizira se promet u mirovanju na području grada Šibenika. Cilj rada je istraživanje postojećeg stanja parkirališnog prostora te se u radu opisuju sve važnije značajke, načela, pravila i instrumenti o problematici parkiranja. Također, u radu se prikazuje prometni sustav grada te se analizira njegova prometna infrastruktura i informacijsko–tehnološki sustavi organizatora parkiranja. Istražuje se na koji način Grad Šibenik upravlja prometnom politikom, odnosno prometnom potražnjom kroz postojeću prostorno–plansku dokumentaciju i zakonsko–pravnu regulativu. Nadalje, u radu se prikazuje odnos parkirne ponude i potražnje, to jest nastoji se detaljnije približiti prometna problematika koja se odražava na korisnike usluga. U radu se kroz praktične i primjenjive primjere želi pokazati na koji način se može učinkovito upravljati prometnom potražnjom u gradu Šibeniku. In this study, stationary traffic of Šibenik will be analyzed. The goal of this paper is to explore current situation of a parking area in Šibenik, as well as to describe all the most important features, policies, rules and instruments regarding the parking space. Furthermore, traffic system of Šibenik is explained, with its' infrastructure and informational systems analyzed. Mechanisms by which the city of Šibenik runs its' traffic policy, or rather its' traffic demand, are researched through the prism of the existing regional plans and law regulations. With that in mind, supply and demand for parking space in Šibenik is researched, so it could be possible to assess the core traffic problems when it comes to citizens of Šibenik. A research is conducted to explain the means by which traffic demand can be effectively managed by the city of Šibenik.

Ob izvedbi projekta skakalnice v Šiški, ki vključuje tudi hotelski kompleks, bi se v okolici močno povečale prometne obremenitve. Že zdaj imajo nekatere ulice v območju pomembno prometno vlogo in na njih v konicah prihaja do zastojev. Vozniki na Vodnikovi cesti pa tudi ne upoštevajo prometnih omejitev. Prav tako se v bližini projekta nahaja bolnica, ki ima ustrezno dovozno pot urejeno le z ene strani. V diplomski nalogi zato podajam rešitve, ki so potrebne že v obstoječem stanju in rešitve, ki bi bile potrebne ob morebitni izvedbi projekta. Na ta način predlagam splošno spremembo signalizacije na območju umirjenega prometa, ureditev mirujočega prometa, celovito preureditev Vodnikove ceste in izgradnjo ali vsaj delno rekonstrukcijo dovozne poti s strani Derčeve ulice. V nekaterih primerih podam več različnih rešitev, kot na primer pri umirjanju prometa na Vodnikovi cesti, kjer kot rešitvi predlagam izvedbo skupnega prostora in spremembo tehničnih elementov. V okviru projekta se v diplomski nalogi osredotočam predvsem na vodenje prometnih tokov v tem območju ter na ureditev zadostnih parkirnih kapacitet. V nalogi zato podajam predlog začasne prometne ureditve, ki med drugim vključuje montažno krožišče in predlagam zasnovo garažnega objekta na mestu skakalnice. Veliko pozornost namenim tudi načelu trajnostnega razvoja, zato v nalogi predlagam ureditev avtobusnih krožnih linij in uporabo že obstoječih parkirišč v času prireditev na skakalnici. After performing the Ski Jumping Venue Project in Šiška, which among others also provides accommodation services, the amount of traffic strains and stresses would increase immensely. Several streets in the observed area play an extensive traffic role already and this is why traffic congestions are here usually hardly avoidable. Drivers on the Vodnikova street tend to disobey the speed limit as well. There is a health institution arranged with one emergency route only situated near the area of the planned project. Thus I suggest solutions, which are required already in the existing condition, and imply also solutions, that would be necessary, should the project be realized. I propose a general signalization alternation in the slow traffic zone, the arrangement of the still traffic, comprehensive renovation of the Vodnikova street and a development or a reconstruction of the driveway from the Derčeva street side. In some cases I pass various appropriate solutions, as for example when writing about Vodnikova street traffic assuagement, where not only the performance of shared space but also an alternation of technical elements is recommended as a solving. In my degree paper I mainly focus on traffic flow guidance in the area and on the assurance of adequate parking space capacities. Therefore, I imply a proposal of a temporary traffic solution, which also includes a temporary roundabout assembly, and suggest the construction of a garage facility in the area. I have devoted my attention to the principle of a continual development, hence I pass the adjustment of circular bus lines and the use of the existing parking lots in time of the events at the Venue.

Diplomsko delo temelji na spremljanju mirujočega prometa v stanovanjskem delu soseske Nova vas 2 v Mariboru, kjer so javne površine čez leta postala divja parkirišča. Predpostavili smo, da uradne parkirne površine v soseski zadoščajo za urejanje mirujočega prometa, kar smo dokazali na podlagi terenskega kartiranja parkirnih površin ter prehodnosti in povezljivosti soseske, spremljanja zasedenosti parkirišč med delavnikom in vikendom ter analiz podatkov o številu prebivalcev, stanovanj in registriranih vozil. Rezultati so podali smernice za urejanje mirujočega prometa stanovanjske soseske po sonaravnih normativih. The diploma thesis is based on the observation of stationary traffic in the apartment buildings part of the neighborhood Nova vas 2 in Maribor. Based on the analysis of official and illegal parknig space and the number ob vehicles registered in that part of neighbourhood, we made the guidlines for a better regulation of stationary traffic. In doing so, we focused on the fact that the public spaces, green areas and connecting toutes througt the apartment buildings part of the neighborhood will not be used for parkinig, but for their original purpose.

V pričujočem diplomskem delu smo obravnavali problematiko mirujočega prometa v občini Sežana. S problematiko parkiranja se dnevno srečuje precejšnje število prebivalcev občine, najbolj pa je problem prisoten v središču mesta. Občina Sežana je v preteklosti sprejela ustrezno pravno podlago o ureditvi, upravljanju in nadzoru mirujočega cestnega prometa v občini. Prav tako so bila uvedena plačljiva parkirna mesta, postavili so parkomate in vzpostavili sistem nadzora, ki ga izvaja pristojni nadzorni organ. Kljub temu stanje mirujočega prometa v občini ni zadovoljivo. V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni vsi vidiki problematike mirujočega prometa v občini, rezultati štetja mirujočega prometa in anketiranja naključnih uporabnikov parkirišč. Na podlagi opravljenih analiz so ob koncu podani predlogi celovite rešitve mirujočega prometa v občini. In this thesis we have studied the problem of stationary traffic in the municipality of Sežana. A large number of inhabitants daily face problems with car parking particularly in the centre of the town. The authorities previously took certain measures to address the issue by providing legal basis for the regulation, management and supervision of stationary traffic. Payable parking places with parking meters were introduced along with a system of control by the competent supervisory authority. Nevertheless, the situation of stationary traffic in the municipality is not satisfactory. This thesis presents all aspects of the problem of stationary traffic in the municipality, the results of counting the stationary traffic and the analysis of the answers obtained by interviewing random car park users. At the end of the thesis, some proposals for a comprehensive solution of stationary traffic within the municipality can be found.

Pojav prometa v mestih postaja predmet vse večjega zanimanja prometnih in drugih strokovnjakov. Kot posledica boljšega standarda državljanov in dinamičnega življenja v mestih, promet proizvaja negativne učinke kot so zmanjševanje hitrosti prometnega toka, prometni zastoji, zamude, onesnaževanje okolja, porast prometnih nesreč ter potrebo po povečanju investicij v prometno infrastrukturo. To sproža nujno reševanje prometnih težav v mestnih območjih, ki jih določa prometna politika, ki bo omogočala zagotavljanje ciljev. Osnovni cilj je zagotoviti visoko stopnjo mobilnosti in dostopnosti ter racionalne uporabe razpoložljive prometne infrastrukture. Parkirna politika bi morala podpirati celovito prometno politiko mesta. V zadnjih dveh desetletjih zorijo spoznanja prometnih strokovnjakov, da bi morala politika parkiranja, strategija in ukrepi, postati pomemben mehanizem za upravljanje povpraševanja po prometu v mestu nasploh, in da se ujema s celotno prometno politiko urbane sredine. Žal pa so do danes ukrepi in strategije parkirne politike še vedno uporabljeni parcialno. Vsako mesto, odvisno od lokalnih pogojev in dostopnosti prometa, predstavlja in vodi svojo prometno in parkirno politiko. Namen diplomskega dela je opredeliti pomen parkiranja v urbanih območjih. V diplomski nalogi bomo predstavili zakonodajne in tehnične lastnosti mirujočega prometa ter zadovoljstvo anketirancev. Predstavili bomo tudi kakšne so ovire na poti. Anketa o zadovoljstvu uporabnikov parkirišč ponuja odgovore na vprašanja v zvezi s parkiranjem na parkiriščih v lasti Mestne občine Ljubljana. The phenomenon of traffic in cities is the subject of increasing interest of traffic experts. As a result of a better standard of citizens and dynamic life in cities, traffic produces negative effects of reducing the speed of traffic flow, traffic congestion, delays, environmental pollution, increase traffic accidents and its consequences and the need for increased investment in transport infrastructure. This raises the imperative to solve traffic problems in urban areas by determining the transport policy. The basic objective is to ensure a high level of mobility and accessibility to the rational use of available transport infrastructure. Parking policy should support the overall transport policy of the city. The past two decades matures insights traffic experts that the parking policy, its strategies and measures, a significant mechanism for managing demand for transport in the broad sense, and that should correspond with the overall transport policy of urban area. Unfortunately, the measures and strategies parking policy are still applied partially. Every city, depending on local conditions and access to transport and other experts, outline its traffic and parking policy. In this thesis , we will present the legislative and technical characteristics of stationary traffic and satisfaction of customers. We will also present the obstacles. The aim of thesis is to define the meaning of parking as a phenomenon in urban areas. Customer Satisfaction Survey about parking in Ljubljana provides answers to some questions about parking on the parking areas owned by the Municipal of Ljubljana.

Diplomska naloga je usmerjena v raziskovanje prometno varnostne ureditve v občini Rečica ob Savinji in predstavlja možne izboljšave obstoječega stanja. Za to temo sem se odločil zaradi zanimivosti prometno varnostne ureditve v manjših krajih v Sloveniji. Zastavljen je problem, s katerim se srečujemo pri zagotavljanju varnosti v cestnem prometu, stanju na cestah in ugotavljanju morebitnih nepravilnosti, ki nas privedejo do konfliktnih situacij. V nalogi so opredeljeni osnovni pojmi in zakoni s področja varnosti ter pravil v prometu. Praktično delo je osredotočeno na splošno prometno varnostno situacijo v občini Rečica ob Savinji na posameznih parkiriščih, križiščih, odsekih, površinah namenjenih pešcem in kolesarjem ter javnem potniškemu prometu. V nalogi sem vsako izmed teh natančno preučil, ter podal predloge za izboljšave, saj se je v večini primerov izkazalo, da trenutno stanje le-teh ni zadovoljivo, saj ne zagotavljajo optimalne prometne varnosti. V večini primerov so bile ugotovljene naslednje pomankljivosti: pomanjkljive horizontalne in vertikalne prometne signalizacije, pomankljiva javna razsvetljava, neprimerni in nezadostni prehodi za pešce, pomanjkanje kolesarskih in peš stez, pomanjkanje pločnikov na območju glavnega trga in šole, neustrezno urejena območja z omejeno hitrostjo na območju ulic oz. odsekov itd.. Še posebej sem preučil dosedanji cestni režim v središču občine in predlagal nov režim, ki omogoča bistveno večjo pretočnost vozil ter varnost vseh udeležencev v prometu, še posebej otrok na poti v šolo. Predlagan ukrep rešuje dosedanjo problematiko območja varne poti v šolo, konfliktnih točk in širine cestišča. Diploma thesis is focused on the exploration transport security arrangements in the municipality of Rečica ob Savinji and represents improvements to the existing situation. I chose this topic because of interesting traffic safety regulation in the smaller towns in Slovenia. I set the problem which we are facing in ensuring road safety, road conditions and identify anomalies that lead us to conflict situations. Diploma thesis defines the basic concepts and laws in the field of safety and traffic rules. Practical work is focused on general traffic safety situation in the municipality of Rečica ob Savinji at individual parks, junctions, sections, areas dedicated to pedestrians and cyclists and public transport. Each of these have been carefully examined and made proposals for improvement, because in most cases turned out that the current state is not satisfactory - it does not provide optimum road safety. In most cases were found the following shortcomings: lack of horizontal and vertical traffic signalization, deficient public lighting, inappropriate and insufficient pedestrian crossings, lack of bike and walking trails, lack of sidewalks in the area of main square and school, inadequately regulated areas with reduced speed in the area of streets and sections,etc. Specifically, I examined the current road regime in the center of the municipality and proposed a new regime which allows a significantly higher throughput of vehicles and the safety of all road users, especially children on their way to school. The proposal solves the problem of existing area of safe route to school, conflict points and the width of the road.

V diplomski nalogi sem primerjal tehnične normative in predpise, ki urejajo področje mirujočega prometa v Sloveniji v obdobju od osamosvojitve Slovenije leta 1991 do danes, s smernicami, ki veljajo ali so predhodno veljale v Nemčiji v enakem obdobju. Pri tem sem naredil tudi primerjavo veljavnih normativov in predpisov v Sloveniji in veljavnih smernic v Nemčiji s smernicami, ki veljajo na tem področju v ZDA v današnjem času. Pri tem sem v diplomski nalogi primerjal spremembe dimenzij standardnih osebnih vozil, parkirnih mest, dovoznih poti in klančin v normativih in predpisih znotraj Slovenije in smernic znotraj Nemčije v obdobju od leta 1991 do danes in jih nato primerjal z dimenzijami v smernicah iz ZDA za današnji čas. Za lažjo predstavitev zbranih podatkov in ugotovitev pa sem diplomsko nalogo zaključil z izrisom tlorisa kletne garaže za posamezno izmed obravnavanih držav po veljavnih normativih, predpisih in smernicah. In the graduate thesis, I compared the technical norms and regulations governing the parking facilities in Slovenia in the period of the independance of Slovenia in 1991 to the present, with the guidelines in force or previusly applied in Germany in the same period. I did a comparison of the current norms and regulations in Slovenia and the applicable guidelines in Germany with the guidelines which are applicable in this field in the USA in today's time. In this graduate thesis I compared changes in the dimensions of standard passenger cars, parking lots, parking aisles and ramps in the norms and regulations and guidelines within the inside of Germany in the period from 1991 to today, and compare them with the dimensions in the guidelines from the United States to the present time. To facilitate the presentation of the collected data and findings, I conclude the thesis by drawing the layout of basement garage for each of the covered countries by the applicable norms, regulations and guidelines.

Since ancient times human lives pulsed between two poles- moving and stationmy. Moving as element of functioning issupplemented by standing. Today, when modem life in cities isbased on using passenger cars as the dominant means of mobility,the explosion of their number is the generator of the growingproblems both of the moving and of the stationary traffic. Consideringparking as direct product of the moving traffic, usuallyits negative characteristics are mentioned such as greater volumeof parking, fines, legal-regulative and safety aspects, degradationof other swfaces by the parked vehicles, etc. Never oralmostnever does one speak about the origin of the problem, andthis would be the only way to find its solution.

For tourism as one of the most propellant and yet at the same time one of the most sensitive and most flexible industries, slowly but surely, the time of counting tourist arrivals and their overnight stays is coming to an end. Tourist experiences are becoming a part of the economic offer, together with the goods and services, i.e. they are the response of the service provider to the demand of the contemporary user (tourist) who wants to be treated in a personalised and memorable manner. In this way the need for a balanced coordination is created, i.e. preparation, implementation, monitoring and correction in management of life and of activities in every single tourist destination – from the urban planning, the utility infrastructure, the offer of original tourist products all the way to ensuring sufficient parking lots. Location of the parking capacities, their arrangement in space, the number of parking lots and the distance from tourist attractions are the fundamental determinants in providing the quality stationary service for tourists' cars which, integrated with the remaining tourist services, represents also the determinant of the destination’s quality tourist product.

Urejanje mirujočega prometa v urbanih naseljih je vedno večji problem zaradi številnih razlogov kot so porast stopnje motorizacije prebivalstva, pomanjkanje mestnega prostora, vodenje trajnostne politike na področjih stanovanjske gradnje in prometa, itd. Porastu stopnje motorizacije ni sledilo sorazmerno izboljšanje infrastrukture. To se, tako kot v večini drugih mest, kaže tudi v občini Radeče. Diplomsko delo zajema teoretične in zakonodajne značilnosti s področja mirujočega prometa. Predstavljeno je obstoječe stanje mirujočega prometa v občini Radeče. Na podlagi izračuna parkirnih potreb, analize zasedenosti parkirnih mest ter anketiranja prebivalstva so izpostavljena kritična območja. Za ta območja so podani predlogi ureditev parkirnih mest v smislu urejenosti predvsem pa zagotavljanja zadostnega števila le-teh. The problem of editing stationary traffic in urban areas is growing ever more present due to numerous reasons such as a growing motorization rate, lack of city space, more sustainable policy making in the fields of housing construction and traffic etc. The growth of the motorization rate had not been followed by a responding improvement of the infrastructure. Just like in the majority of other towns, this trend can be observed in the Radeče Municipality as well. This graduation thesis comprehends theoretical and legislative characteristics of the stationary traffic area. In it, the current situation of the stationary traffic in Radeče Municipality is presented. Critical areas, based on the calculation of parking space needs, analysis of parking space occupation and a public questionnaire, are specifically exposed. And for these areas, solutions to regulate parking spaces in the sense of quality and quantity are stated.

Zagreb se, kao i većina svjetskih gradova, suočava sa problemom parkiranja i nerazmjera potrebe i potražnje istog. Taj je problem uzrokovan porastom stupnja motorizacije,što podrazumijeva sve veći broj vozila na gradskim prometnicama. Promet u mirovanju segment je cestovnog prometa, stoga je pregled stanja u prometu Grada Zagreba dio ovog rada. Uzimajući u obzir navedeno, smatra se da je potrebna izgradnja novih kapaciteta na području Grada. U analizi koja je provedena izdvojeni su faktori koji se smatraju ključnima pri određivanju njihove, s geografskog stajališta, najpovoljnije lokacije u prostoru. To su prostorni razmještaj zaposlenog stanovništva, prostorni razmještaj postojećih kapaciteta garaža i prometnice koje prema funkcionalnoj kategorizaciji čine okosnicu prometnog sustava Zagreba. GIS modeliranjem navedenih faktora došlo se do rezultata analize te su izrađeni kartografski prikazi istih. Like most world cities, the city of Zagreb is facing with parking problems and disproportion between needs and demands. This problem is caused by constant increase of the level of motorization which implies a larger number of vehicles on the city roads. Stationary traffic is a part of road traffic. Therefore review of the whole traffic system in the city of Zagreb is a part of this study. Taking in account all mentioned above, it is supposed that the construction of the new capacities in the city area is needed. Factors that are considered to be crucial for definition of their best location according to the geographic point of view, are selected in the conducted analysis. These factors are spatial distribution of employed population, spational distribution of existing capacities of garages and roads that according to the functional categorization make a framework of the Zagreb trafic system. Analysis is made by using GIS modelling and results are presented on maps.

Thesis first focuses on the theoretical level of the structure of the business plan and describes the characteristics and specifics of the business as a master distributorship. The practical part analyzes on the real firm creating of a business plan and accurate process of implementation of the business plan, which seeks to help resolve the problem of "stationary traffic".

The aim of my bachelor thesis is to make descroption about municipality Lipno nad Vltavou and its neighbouring municipalities in deed. In the theoretical part I have explained few basic conceptions and summarized some basic informations about transport infrastructure and characteristic of municipality Lipno nad Vltavou. The practical part is based on contemporary traffic availibility of this area, internal infrastructure of the center; concretely about the interconnection of three ski areas and describes principal the infrastructure of a municipality in details. According to the observed data I have done SWOT analysis about individual means of transport. The closing part of my bachelor thesis fucuses on an actively planned project which is the main part of the project -- developement of Lipenský region.

A tourism destination is a functional whole consisting of elements of the catering offering, tourist attractions, traffic capacities and intermediary activities, which a tourism market recognises as the supply providers of an integrated tourism product. Activities in a tourism destination imply the movement of people ; the transfer of goods, information and energy ; waste management ; and the transfer of knowledge and capital. Optimising these flows in a given area is the goal of destination logistics. In this complex task, logistics makes use of traffic, traffic capacities and the organisational forms of traffic. For the most part, traffic flows in a tourism destination consist of passenger flows that are conducted through road traffic. Passenger flows in a destination continuously shift between a state of motion and a stationary state ; however, the regularities according to which these changes happen will differ depending on the type of passenger flow in question (tourists, residents, travellers in transit, day-trippers, etc.). Location, capacity, and how a traffic process unfolds in a parking facility and with regard to the environment are the fundamental determinants of the quality of parking services for road vehicles. Integrated with other tourism services, these parking services are determinants of the quality of a destination’ s tourism product.

Since ancient times human lives pulsed between two poles – moving and stationary. Moving as element of functioning is supplemented by standing. Today, when modern life in cities is based on using passenger cars as the dominant means of mobility, the explosion of their number is the generator of the growing problems both of the moving and of the stationary traffic. Considering parking as direct product of the moving traffic, usually its negative characteristics are mentioned such as greater volume of parking, fines, legal-regulative and safety aspects, degradation of other surfaces by the parked vehicles, etc. Never or almost never does one speak about the origin of the problem, and this would be the only way to find its solution.