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Новая волна инноваций вызвана слиянием достижений в области программного обеспечения, физических и биологических систем в один единый инновационный поток, в котором инновации могут дополнять друг друга и способствовать возникновению новых. Космические технологии успешно могут служить как на благо развития народного хозяйства, так и на безопасность и обороноспособность страны. Повсеместная автоматизация, интеграция Интернета и улучшенная аналитика значительно изменяют производственные процессы. Новые технологии, такие как геномика (комплексные методы изучения молекулярной биологии генов, клеток и физиологии), аддитивная печать (также известная как трехмерная печать) и Интернет вещей объединяют физический, биологический и цифровой миры. Эта волна инноваций характеризуется скоростью, деструктуризацией старых процессов и всеобъемлющим масштабом. Период между технологическими прорывами сокращается, и темпы внедрения технологий намного выше, чем в прошлом. В данной связи, необходим комплексный государственный подход с высокой скоростью в принятии решений и внедрением повсеместно новых цифровых и космических технологий. Ключевые слова: космические технологии, государственная политика, цифровые технологии, инновации, инвестиционные фонды., The new wave of innovation is caused by the merging of advances in software, physical and biological systems into one single innovation stream, in which innovations can complement each other and contribute to the emergence of new ones. Space technologies can successfully serve both for the benefit of the development of the national economy and for the security and defense of the country. End-to-end automation, web integration, and improved analytics are changing manufacturing processes dramatically. New technologies such as genomics (complex methods for studying the molecular biology of genes, cells, and physiology), additive printing (also known as 3D printing), and the Internet of Things are bridging the physical, biological, and digital worlds. This wave of innovation is characterized by speed, destructuring of old processes, and comprehensive scale. The period between technological breakthroughs is shortening, and the pace of technology adoption is much higher than in the past. In this regard, an integrated state approach is needed with high speed in decision-making and the introduction of new digital and space technologies everywhere., Вестник МИРБИС, Выпуск 1 (33) 2023, Pages 27-33

High precision temperature measurements are a transversal need in a wide area of physical experiments. Space-borne gravitational wave detectors are a particularly challenging case, requiring both high precision and high stability in temperature measurement. In this contribution, we present a design able to reach 1 µK/Hz---v in most of the measuring band down to 1 mHz, and reaching 20 µK/Hz---v at 0.1 mHz. The scheme is based on resistive sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration which is AC modulated to minimize the 1/f noise. As a part of our study, we include the design of a test bench able to guarantee the high stability environment required for measurements. We show experimental results characterising both the test bench and the read-out, and discuss potential noise sources that may limit our measurement.

The Munich Orbital Verification Experiment (MOVE) is a CubeSat student project housed at the Scientific Workgroup for Rocketry and Spaceflight at the Technical University of Munich. MOVE-III is the fourth CubeSat under development, and the first 6U mission of the MOVE project that will carry a dedicated scientific payload in orbit. The mission aims at acquiring in-situ observations of sub-millimetre space debris and meteoroids in Low Earth Orbit, with the objective of compiling a dataset of flux, as well as object mass and velocity measurements that can be used for the validation of the small object estimates of space debris models and support further studies related to the characterisation of the space environment. The MOVE-III CubeSat employs the MOVE-BEYOND platform and is planned to carry three Debris Density Retrieval and Analysis (DEDRA) plasma ionization sensors. The Preliminary Design Review has been completed in early 2022, with the next milestone being the Critical Design Review, planned for 2023. The paper elaborates on the scientific objectives of the mission and the expected data products, provides an overview of the detector operation principle and presents the overall system architecture, the platform configuration and the subsystem interaction. Considerations on the debris mitigation aspects of the mission are additionally discussed.

The article analyses the modern and retrospective international and national regulations in the field of space activities. It is emphasized that the long-term program of space research proves the maturity and competence that we have yet to demonstrate. The development of such a program (rather, doctrine) is beyond the preparation of a formal document. The challenges we have outlined are about the role of the space doctrine in the system of conceptual documents defining the areas of the space sector’s sustainable development. In the study, the dialectical materialist method of in the cognition of the objective reality enables to analyze of comprehensively doctrinal provisions in developing the concept “Space doctrine.” The empirical research was based on the statistical and analytical materials: World Trade Organization Annual Report 2019, the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities for 2018, Aeronautics and Space Report of the President — Fiscal Year 2019 Activities, the statistical data and reports of the State Space Agency of Ukraine (SSAU) for 1997-2020. The study leads to a number of conclusions. The implementation of the future Space doctrine should be a shift from the initial state of affairs to the new model of space activities and the sustainable development of the space industry. The study reveals three levels of Space doctrine: basic, strategic, and tactical (operational).

In the article, the authors reveal the historical and legal aspects of space activities in Ukraine. The historical and legal acts of the Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union, regulating the space industry, are analyzed. Considerable attention was paid to the peculiarities of legal regulation of the activities of the main space design bureaus of the time. It is concluded that the space activities of the USSR — in general and the Ukrainian SSR were provided on the basis of sublegislative normative legal acts (resolutions of the Council of Ministers and orders of the Central bodies of the Communist party). However, the lack of the national space law was offset by systematic and full funding of space activities, resulting in the Soviet Union having a powerful space industry. In the conditions of modern development, Ukraine has all the opportunities to achieve significant development of the space industry, using the positive experience of the USSR and opening access to space activities of private investment.

The article is devoted to the problems of the growing and developing space sector in Poland, and above all, its impact on building a competitive, knowledge-based economy. The aim of the work was to present the efforts of the regions, focusing on the example of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, aimed at building research, development and implementation infrastructure, thanks to which cooperation is established between the local government at the regional level, the world of science, and enterprises. Thanks to such cooperation, it is possible not only to build real relationships between these environments, and in particular, the result of these interactions will be specific economic cooperation, locating new economic entities in the region, or the formation of new companies operating in the space sector. The main part of the work is a case study which presents the initiative to create a Space Technology Park taken by the local government of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, and carried out jointly with the University of Zielona Góra and Hertz Systems LTD. This is an excellent proof that at the voivodeship level, very important initiatives for the development of the space sector can be undertaken as part of a de facto intraregional regional policy. Artykuł poświęcono problematyce rosnącego i rozwijającego się w Polsce sektora kosmicznego, a przede wszystkim jego wpływu na budowanie konkurencyjnej, opartej na wiedzy gospodarki. Za cel pracy przyjęto zaprezentowanie wysiłków regionów, koncentrując się na przykładzie województwa lubuskiego, służących budowie infrastruktury badawczo-rozwojowo-wdrożeniowej, dzięki której dochodzi do zawiązywania kooperacji pomiędzy samorządem terytorialnym szczebla regionalnego, światem nauki a przedsiębiorstwami. Dzięki takiej współpracy możliwe jest, nie tylko budowanie realnych związków pomiędzy tymi środowiskami, a w szczególności wynikiem tych interakcji będą konkretne kooperacje gospodarcze, lokowanie kolejnych podmiotów gospodarczych w regionie, czy też powstawanie nowych firm działających w sektorze kosmicznym. Zasadniczą część pracy stanowi studium przypadku, w ramach którego przedstawiono inicjatywę utworzenia Parku Technologii Kosmicznych podjętą przez samorząd województwa lubuskiego, a zrealizowaną wspólnie z Uniwersytetem Zielonogórskim oraz firmą Hertz Systems LTD. Jest to doskonały dowód na to, że na poziomie wojewódzkim w ramach polityki regionalnej, de facto intraregionalnej, można podejmować bardzo ważne inicjatywy na rzecz rozwoju sektora kosmicznego.

Το ενδιαφέρον των ανθρώπων για τον ουρανό και τα ουράνια σώματα εκδηλώθηκε ήδη από την Αρχαία Ελλάδα, με φιλοσόφους όπως ο Πυθαγόρας, ο Ερατοσθένης, ο Ίππαρχος να μελετούν τα άστρα και να καταγράφουν τις πρώτες θεωρίες για το πλανητικό μας σύστημα. Σήμερα, έχουμε φτάσει να χρησιμοποιούμε τις διαστημικές τεχνολογίες και τις υπηρεσίες που μας παρέχουν σε ποικίλους τομείς της καθημερινής μας ζωής, από την πρόγνωση του καιρού, μέχρι τις επικοινωνίες και την αυτόνομη οδήγηση οχημάτων. Η Ευρώπη έχει δημιουργήσει μία πληθώρα προγραμμάτων που στοχεύουν από την κατασκευή δορυφόρων μέχρι την ανάπτυξη υπηρεσιών και εφαρμογών για την κάλυψη των αναγκών των ευρωπαίων πολιτών, αλλά και στη δική της αυτονομία σε περίπτωση κρίσιμων συνθηκών. Η Ελλάδα ενσωματώνει τη στρατηγική της Ευρώπης στα δικά της εθνικά προγράμματα και προωθεί την συμμετοχή τόσο των δημόσιων αλλά και των ιδιωτικών φορέων σε προγράμματα ανάπτυξης διαστημικών τεχνολογιών και εφαρμογών. Ένα πολύ σημαντικό πρόβλημα της σημερινής εποχής είναι ότι οι πόροι που είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για την επιβίωση των ανθρώπων είναι πεπερασμένοι. Ακόμα και για τους ανανεώσιμους φυσικούς πόρους βασιζόμαστε στα φυσικά συστήματα της Γης για την ανανέωσή τους. Σήμερα, η αυξανόμενη αλληλεξάρτηση των εθνών και του διεθνούς εμπορίου από τους φυσικούς πόρους καθιστούν τη διαχείρισή τους ένα ζήτημα παγκόσμιου ενδιαφέροντος. Για την επίλυση αυτού του προβλήματος αξιοποιούνται οι διαστημικές τεχνολογίες και οι υπηρεσίες που μας προσφέρουν, The interest of people towards the sky and the celestial bodies was already manifested from Ancient Greece, with philosophers such as Pythagoras, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus studing the stars and recording the first theories about our planetary system. Today, we use space technologies and services in a variety of areas in our daily lives, from weather forecasting to communications and autonomous vehicle driving.Europe has set up a number of programs aimed at building satellites and developing services and applications to meet the needs of European citizens, as well as its own autonomy in the event of a crisis. Greece integrates Europe's strategy into its own national programs and promotes the participation of both public and private actors in space technology and application development programs. A very important problem in our days is that the resources that are vital to human survival are finite. Even for renewable natural resources we rely on the Earth's natural systems for their renewal. Today, the growing interdependence of nation and international trade on natural resources makes their management a matter of global concern. To solve this problem, the space technologies and the services they offer are utilized

Modeling the interactions in groups is becoming increasingly important in many application domains such as the design of interactive systems and social robots. Since human interactants do not always make rational choices, a good model of their social motivations is needed to explain the strategies of the interactants that are often influenced by social factors and preferences, the feeling of fairness and understanding the need for cooperation. We propose a cognitive model of social preferences of three or more interactants that are engaged in a collaborative game. The game strategies of the interactants are modeled with cooperation ratios and utility functions. We developed a new generalized utility-based approach to model the cooperation and fairness in multiplayer interactions, which uses three utility parameters. In two-person games, as it has been investigated by others, it is impossible to distinguish between fairness and cooperation in the decisions of a given player. We show that in n-person games (n> 2), and with the use of the proposed utility-based approach, it is possible to distinguish between fairness and cooperation. This makes the proposed approach suitable for more detailed analysis of group interactions in a game setting, which can better explain the social motivation of the interactants, than existing utility models and models that utilize on cooperation ratios. We show that the proposed generalization makes the newly proposed utility function less sensitive to the payoffs of one player if the size of the group grows, and test it with data from the MARS-500 isolation experiment.

This thesis portfolio contains two separate works. The first is a technical report on the design of a conceptual light attack aircraft. This objective of this project was to submit a design report for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics annual undergraduate student design competition. The second piece is a research paper on the United States' space program and its impact on American society. This was done by tracking the evolution of the space program through the eyes of American and global media. It describes the benefits and critiques of the program, and the new technologies made possible by the American effort to explore outer space.

The aim of the article is to study the current state of applying space technologies to monitor land use efficiency. It is proved that under conditions of globalization of the world economy there takes place digitalization and automation of production processes with the application of space technologies and many other innovative transformations that should be considered when carrying out economic activities, especially in agriculture. It is justified that the further development of agriculture and agricultural land use should be planned in accordance with the innovation development strategy, which envisages: increase in the contribution of science and technology to the advancement of land economics; use of space technologies to monitor land use efficiency; enhancement of competitiveness of products on the world market through the modernization and automation of production facilities; widespread adoption of remote sensing technologies. It is established that one of the areas in attracting innovative developments is modern space technologies. The current state of and trends in applying space technologies to monitor land use efficiency are considered at the enterprise and state levels. The introduction of modern space technologies for monitoring land use (EOS Crop Monitoring, GIS Data) in Ukraine is analyzed. It is proved that the application of satellite monitoring makes it possible to accurately estimate the crop areas, monitor the condition of plants at all phases of growth, predict the yield at early stages, control agricultural operations, etc. The access to satellite data for previous years and analysis of huge amounts of information using the latest technologies allow assessing the value of land. There identified prospective land use sectors where modern space technologies should be applied, namely: filling the State Land Cadastre, taking land inventory, forming land resource databases. Practical recommendations on the application of space technologies for monitoring land use efficiency, crop forecasting and pricing analysis based on the experience of the EU and the USA are proposed.

In this paper the relationship between aeronautics and space technology companies’ inventory management performances and companies’ financial performances are studied by conducting empirical analyses. Specifically, inventory efficiency, inventory productivity and inventory responsiveness are studied in order to assess the effect of inventory management performance on company competitive outperformance. A time-series model, that takes into account of some inventory performance indicators and financial performance measures, is developed and tested using data for 230 publicly listed U.S. aeronautics and space technology companies for the 32-year period, 1985 to 2017. This study utilizes firm financial data, acquired from the Standard and Poor’s COMPUSTAT database using Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS). The implications of the results on the inventory management implementation and directions for future research are provided.

Целью исследования является анализ проблематики интеллектуальной собственности в рамках программного сотрудничества государств — членов ЕАЭС в космической сфере. Большое внимание уделяется систематизации положений, которые должны быть включены в договоры, заключаемые участниками и исполнителями межгосударственной программ «Интегрированная система государств — членов ЕАЭС по производству и предоставлению космических и геоинформационных продуктов и услуг на основе национальных источников данных дистанционного зондирования Земли». В работе использовались общенаучные (системный, структурный), а также частно-научные методы (формально-догматический и сравнительно-правовой). Автор обосновывает необходимость распространения сотрудничества государств — членов ЕАЭС в сфере интеллектуальной деятельности на интеграцию в сфере космической деятельности. Основным выводом является концептуальное положение о необходимости разработки мер по сопряжению реализации данной программы в части регулирования вопросов охраны интеллектуальной собственности с решением задачи по формированию цифрового рынка интеллектуальной собственности ЕАЭС., The aim of the study is to analyze the issues of intellectual property within the framework of program cooperation between the EAEU member states in the space sector. Much attention is paid to the systematization of the provisions that should be included in the agreements concluded by the participants and executors of the interstate programs "Integrated system of the EAEU member states for the production and provision of space and geoinformation products and services based on national sources of Earth remote sensing data." The work used general scientific (systemic, structural), as well as private scientific methods (formal dogmatic and comparative legal). The author substantiates the need to extend the cooperation of the EAEU member states in the field of intellectual activity to integration in the field of space activities. The main conclusion is the conceptual provision on the need to develop measures to combine the implementation of this program in terms of regulating intellectual property protection issues with solving the problem of creating a digital intellectual property market in the EAEU., СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПРАВО, Выпуск 11 2020

The article reveals the place and role of multinational corporations in the world market for space services and technologies. The authors highlight trends in globalization and cosmization of the world economy, which have both positive and negative effects. The advantage of the private sector’s entry into space exploration is the recognition of high-tech companies contributing to economic growth as worthy of investment. The practice of transnational companies to affect the economic and legal sphere of the countries of their presence and violate the fundamental rights of its citizens is outlined as a negative trend. Theoretically, probable variants of the regulatory framework for the world market for space services and technologies with transnational corporations’ participation are projected. It is proposed to create a global administrator in space activities — the World Space Union.

Due to its significance in astrobiology, assessing the amount and state of liquid water present on Mars today has become one of the drivers of its exploration. Subglacial water was identified by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) aboard the European Space Agency spacecraft Mars Express through the analysis of echoes, coming from a depth of about 1.5 km, which were stronger than surface echoes. The cause of this anomalous characteristic is the high relative permittivity of water-bearing materials, resulting in a high reflection coefficient. A determining factor in the occurrence of such strong echoes is the low attenuation of the MARSIS radar pulse in cold water ice, the main constituent of the Martian polar caps. The present analysis clarifies that the conditions causing exceptionally strong subsurface echoes occur solely in the Martian polar caps, and that the detection of subsurface water under a predominantly rocky surface layer using radar sounding will require thorough electromagnetic modeling, complicated by the lack of knowledge of many subsurface physical parameters. Higher-frequency radar sounders such as SHARAD cannot penetrate deep enough to detect basal echoes over the thickest part of the polar caps. Alternative methods such as rover-borne Ground Penetrating Radar and time-domain electromagnetic sounding are not capable of providing global coverage. MARSIS observations over the Martian polar caps have been limited by the need to downlink data before on-board processing, but their number will increase in coming years. The Chinese mission to Mars that is to be launched in 2020, Tianwen-1, will carry a subsurface sounding radar operating at frequencies that are close to those of MARSIS, and the expected signal-to-noise ratio of subsurface detection will likely be sufficient for identifying anomalously bright subsurface reflectors. The search for subsurface water through radar sounding is thus far from being concluded.

Данная работа посвящена сотрудничеству Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республики в области космоса и космических разработок, а также развитию двустороннего научно-технического обмена с момента формирования космической программы обеих стран. Цель исследования – создание относительно нового представления о сотрудничестве Китая и России в космической сфере на основе анализа исторических, информационных, статистических данных и официальных соглашений, заключенных между двумя странами. Основными задачами в ходе исследования было рассмотрение истории развития космических программ в КНР и РФ, а также приоритетных направлений научно-технического обмена между двумя странами в рамках космической области. Во время написания выпускной квалификационной работы автором был использован научно-описательный метод, метод анализа и классификации. В результате проведенного исследования, а также благодаря качественному анализу основных статистических и информационных данных, официальных договоров и соглашений, затрагивающих российско-китайские научно-технические отношения, автору удалось предоставить комплексную информацию об истории развития двустороннего сотрудничества в космической сфере, а так же определить основные перспективные направления, дать оценку стратегическому партнерству КНР и РФ на основании состояния современной промышленной экономики., The given work is devoted to the cooperation of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the field of space and space exploration, as well as the development of bilateral scientific and technical exchange since the formation of the space program of both countries. The purpose of the study is to create a relatively new understanding of the cooperation between China and Russia in the space sector based on the analysis of historical, informational, statistical data and official agreements concluded between the two countries. The main objectives of the study were to review the history of the development of space programs in the PRC and the Russian Federation, as well as the priority areas of scientific and technical exchange between the two countries within the space field. During the study of the topic, the author used a scientific-descriptive method, a method of analysis and classification. As a result of the study, as well as due to a qualitative analysis of the main statistical and informational data, official agreements describing Russian-Chinese scientific and technical relations, the author was able to provide comprehensive information on the history of the development of bilateral cooperation in the space sector, as well as to identify the main perspective directions, to evaluate the strategic partnership between China and the Russian Federation based on the state of the modern industrial economy.

Even though technological advances could allow humans to reach Mars in the coming decades, launch costs prohibit the establishment of permanent manned outposts for which most consumables would be sent from Earth. This issue can be addressed byin situresource utilization: producing part or all of these consumables on Mars, from local resources. Biological components are needed, among other reasons because various resources could be efficiently produced only by the use of biological systems. But most plants and microorganisms are unable to exploit Martian resources, and sending substrates from Earth to support their metabolism would strongly limit the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of their cultivation. However, resources needed to grow specific cyanobacteria are available on Mars due to their photosynthetic abilities, nitrogen-fixing activities and lithotrophic lifestyles. They could be used directly for various applications, including the production of food, fuel and oxygen, but also indirectly: products from their culture could support the growth of other organisms, opening the way to a wide range of life-support biological processes based on Martian resources. Here we give insights into how and why cyanobacteria could play a role in the development of self-sustainable manned outposts on Mars.

The scope of this document is to present the detailed performance analysis of the CS-based instrument selected at the Preliminary Design Review (PDR). With reference to the Deliverable TN2, issued at the PDR, the instrument selected for the third phase of the project is: - Concept #5A - "UV-VIS hyperspectral imager with dispersive elements on orbiter", which relies on a classical CS approach addressing the reconstruction of the full image/signal. According to the SOW, the present PM2 Report includes: oDefinition of the ?analytical and numerical models. oResults of the ?performance assessment. In addition, as suggested in the conclusions of the PDR, a further configuration addressing an upgraded version of the Concept #5A was also investigated. The latter exploits the light rejected by the DMD mirrors in off-position to implement an additional channel, with the aim of extending the application field and/or the performance of the instrument.

The article briefly describes the features and possible ways of space technologies development (special attention is attached to the problematic issues of physics, chemistry and antimatter technology); the problem of positron annihilation in matter (positronium), including positron processes, positron states and annihilation process, which is the component of fundamental and practical important problem of antimatter. The space technologies of the future – the most important problems of antimatter application are considered on the basis of Internet data.

The document is organised in four main parts: - The first part introduces the scope of the document and recalls the structure of the OCS-TECH project, with particular reference to Task 2. - The second part is devoted to the description of the methodology used for the reconstruction of the images. - The third part is devoted to the reconstruction of the simulated images for Concept #5A, including the description of the model and the analysis of the results. - The fourth part is devoted to the reconstruction of the simulated images for Concept #3B, including the description of the model and the analysis of the results. Finally, conclusions are drawn, also on the basis of final discussion at the PDR meeting.

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.Geographical marketing gradually takes root into the business industry of Russia. At the moment methods of geo marketing are used generally in the solution of placement tasks for the entities of the network companies of “step availability”. At the same time, possibilities of a method are much wider and can be applied with success in the sphere of small and medium business as well. Development of a matching technique of catering establishment optimum location in the territory of the small city by geo marketing methods is result of work. Specifics of geo marketing methods application in the Russian Federation and foreign countries are considered. The technique is tested on the example of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Russian Federation. On the basis of the analysis of space pictures of city territory the layers system of the geo information map Neftekamsk, necessary for the solution of an objective on the basis of which the analysis of city territorial structure is carried out is developed. Primary matching of the places suitable for placement of public objects catering on the basis of expeditionary researches is made. On the second stage is chosen the most optimal variant of placement from point of view of conducting successful business.

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The projects of territorial planning, the most important of which is the general plan, are worked out with the aim of forming a long-term strategy for urban development, ensuring sustainable socio-economic, spatial and infrastructural development of the urban environment. Architectural documentation of general planning level is created for significant areas of the territory, which implies the use for this purpose of data of earth remote sensing with subsequent data presentation stage with the help of geographic information systems (GIS). A map of the general plan of the urban district of “The City of Volzhsk” in the Republic of Mari El has been presented in the proposed paper using satellite pictures and GIS Map Info Professional 10.0. The resulting map of the general plan of urban district is formed of 35 thematic layers, reflecting the current functional layout of the territory. In particular, on the map of the general plan there is a mapping of the current and future borders of the urban district, the elements of ecological framework and apartment block, the necessary planning objects, primarily the areas of municipal service, public and residential, public and business, the establishments of health service and social protection, industrial organizations. The main link of any map is the road network of the territory, which, in addition to the already mapped objects, is also presented on the map of the general plan of the urban district “The City of Volzhsk”.

Despite successful technological developments, COPERNICUS, the European Earth Observation flagship program, has been showing a weak regional involvement with regards to the wide capacities and benefits it provides for the Environment and Security domains at public and private level. During the DORIS_Net project, a methodology was successfully implemented to raise regional awareness on COPERNICUS potential with the concept of a Regional Contact Offices (RCO) Network. This paper aims to describe the process of RCO's creation and certification. It also presents both benefits and challenges of management and sustainability faced by RCO in order to reach their operational goals. Finally, the paper explores the potential regional impact of RCO.

Regulatory tools are a necessary corollary to national and regional space programmes and policies and there has been a noticeable increase in the legislative moves by states interested in developing their commercial space sector. Some national statutes already serve as regulatory prototypes, providing an insight into issues such as risk regulation. Now, the surge in space technology appears to be lessening the traditional divide between old and new space faring nations. Emerging space countries can now focus on new space markets that are driven by technology itself. Choosing the appropriate regulatory form to cover the breadth of space-related activities, from human space flight through to earth observation and satellite-based navigation services, to name but a few, could become a challenge: technology will continue to push the limits of the application and interpretation of relevant space laws, and the international rules in particular. Building bridges between the law regulating space activities and other areas may then become necessary. Suborbital space flight and GNSS are examples of areas where legal certainty can be achieved through such bridge building between related regulatory environments. This paper addresses die bifurcation that has been emerging over the past years within the law governing space activities. Whereas earlier domestic space laws often took on the form of general statutes, as expressions of national legal and administrative culture, recent space activities and tools reflect the growing interaction between a broader spectrum that ranges from (international and domestic) space law through to legal rules of private and public law, including telecommunications. The paper addresses whether the growing division between terrestrially-based and outer space-related activities might impact on the future scope of space law. It also emphasises the importance of maintaining consistency between regulation at national and international level, and the need to maintain the concepts of international state responsibility and international state liability already anchored in international space law. These can be critical to the commercial space sector.

The impact of Germany's recent space policy and this nation's progress towards a national legislation in regards to space activities will be examined and discussed in this paper. The topic of this paper is of great relevance as Germany is one of Europe's leading space faring nations. Not only is it the largest financial contributor to the European Space Agency as of 2012, but also cooperates internationally with other major space faring nations such as the United States of America, Russia, Japan and India, in regards to space activities. Furthermore, Germany is extensively involved in the European undertakings in space. For example, Germany takes part in the production of the Ariane-5 launcher, is greatly involved in the Galileo project, which deals with satellite navigation, and plays a major role in the 'Global Monitoring for Environment and Security' (GMES) initiative. This country's substantial expertise in space technology also plays a role in its relevance in the international field of space activities. The current administration of dealing with Germany's space activities will be examined within this paper along with its progress towards a national legislation. In this regard, the administrative tasks of the German Aerospace Centre (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt c.V., DLR) are of relevance and will be analysed to define the DLR's space activity management. Moreover, the 4Law Governing the Transfer of Responsibilities for Space Activities' of August the 22nd, 1998 will be examined in order to reveal what is currently being regulated and to anticipate the content which the future German legislation should additionally be composed of.

The requirements for micropropulsion systems on nano and micro satellites have been analyzed and a detailed building block list has been proposed. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the necessary subgroups and components like micronozzle, microturbines or microvalves has been assessed based on literature and components available on the market. A Cold-Gas microthruster capable of thrust in the range of 100 microN to 1 mN have been designed and prototyped. An application of such Cold-Gas system will be described for the microsatellite (ALMASAT) developed by the University of Bologna. A Microturbine prototype in course of development and capable of few Watt of power will be presented and the related technology and application potential will be discussed. International roadmaps will be presented and updated in relation to an optimized benefit/effort development path.

ATHENA is an on-going Horizon 2020 Twinning project aiming to promote remote sensing technologies for cultural heritage (CH) applications in Cyprus. ATHENA project brings together the Eratosthenes Research Center (ERC) of the Cyprus University of Technology (CUT) with two internationally leading institutions of Europe, namely the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). The project’s scope is to position the ERC regionally and stimulate future cooperation through placements at partner institutions and enhance the research and academic profile of all participants. The scientific strengthening and networking achieved through the ATHENA project could be of great benefit not only for Cyprus but for the entire Eastern Mediterranean, bearing a plethora of archaeological sites and monuments urgently calling for monitoring and safeguarding. The preservation of CH and landscape comprises a strategic priority not only to guarantee cultural treasures and evidence of the human past to future generations, but also to exploit them as a strategic and valuable economic asset. The objective of this paper is to present knowledge transfer examples achieved from the ATHENA project through intense training activities. These activities were also designed to enhance the scientific profile of the research staff and to accelerate the development of research capabilities of the ERC. At the same time the results from the training activities were also exploited to promote earth observation knowledge and best practices intended for CH. The activities included active and passive remote sensing data used for archaeological applications, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image analysis for change and deformation detection, monitoring of risk factors related to cultural heritage sites including archaeological looting etc.

This report assumes that something can be done to guide technology developers and others towards producing technology that does not cause indirect and delayed damage to the environment. It explores the extent to which environmental sustainability concerns are taken into account and what can be done in five distinct technology domains: chemicals and advanced materials, synthetic biology, digital technologies, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and sequestration, and space technologies. It also describes the current attitude and instruments available or being considered to reach the goal of environmental sustainability. Thus, it suggests ways to address ex-ante environmental concerns that might manifest only after design choices for technology are already made.