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BACKGROUND Even in the immuno-oncology era, transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the most effective way to treat intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postembolisation syndrome (PES) is the most common side effect from TACE and there is still no standard prevention guideline. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of single dose intravenous dexamethasone regimen to prevent PES after TACE among patients with HCC. METHODS This study enrolled patients with HCC who had eligible indication for TACE without macrovascular invasion/extrahepatic metastasis. Patients were randomly assigned to either an intravenous single dose of dexamethasone 8 mg or placebo one hour before TACE. The primary outcome was a negative result of PES at 48 h after TACE, which was defined as score < 2 of Southwest Oncology Group toxicity coding criteria using fever, nausea, vomiting and pain to calculated. And the secondary end point was duration of admission between two groups. RESULTS One hundred patients were randomly assigned 1:1. Under intention-to-treat analysis, 49 patients were randomly assigned to the dexamethasone and 51 to the placebo groups. Both groups were similar for baseline characteristics. The negative PES rate was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group (63.3% vs 29.4%; P = 0.005). Mean Southwest Oncology Group toxicity coding PES was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.41-2.8) vs 3.71 (95%CI: 2.97-4.45) between the dexamethasone and placebo groups, respectively. Cumulative incidence of fever was significantly lower in dexamethasone group with P < 0.001, pain, nausea and vomiting were also lower in the dexamethasone group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.16, P = 0.11, and P = 0.49). The dexamethasone regimen was generally well tolerated by patients with HCC patients including those with hepatitis B virus infection and well-controlled diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Single dose dexamethasone was effective at preventing PES among patients with HCC treated with TACE. The study showed no adverse events of special interest related to dexamethasone.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem neurocutaneous genetic condition. It is characterized by TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, tumors, and angiomyolipoma in multiple organs, such as the skin, lungs, and kidneys. TSC is also associated with the development of aneurysms of the medium and large arteries, including the renal arteries. This condition will usually be diagnosed early in life, and active surveillance is required of tumor and aneurysm growth to prevent life-threatening events. We have presented the case of a 41-year-old patient with TSC that had not been previously diagnosed. The patient had presented with retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to the rupture of two left renal artery branch aneurysms that had likely developed within the angiomyolipoma.

The work includes the published results of domestic and foreign studies on the course and correction of post-embolization syndrome that occurs after embolization of the uterine arteries in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. The articles were searched in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and еLibrary databases.

BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable liver cancer; however, TACE is associated with postembolization pain. AIM To analyze the risk factors for acute abdominal pain after TACE and establish a predictive model for postembolization pain. METHODS From January 2018 to September 2018, all patients with liver cancer who underwent TACE at our hospital were included. General characteristics; clinical, imaging, and procedural data; and postembolization pain were analyzed. Postembolization pain was defined as acute moderate-to-severe abdominal pain within 24 h after TACE. Logistic regression and a classification and regression tree were used to develop a predictive model. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the efficacy of the predictive model. RESULTS We analyzed 522 patients who underwent a total of 582 TACE procedures. Ninety-seven (16.70%) episodes of severe pain occurred. A predictive model built based on the dataset from classification and regression tree analysis identified known invasion of blood vessels as the strongest predictor of subsequent performance, followed by history of TACE, method of TACE, and history of abdominal pain after TACE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.736 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.682-0.789], the sensitivity was 73.2%, the specificity was 65.6%, and the negative predictive value was 92.4%. Logistic regression produced similar results by identifying age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.971; 95%CI: 0.951-0.992; P = 0.007), history of TACE (OR = 0.378; 95%CI: 0.189-0.757; P = 0.007), history of abdominal pain after TACE (OR = 6.288; 95%CI: 2.963-13.342; P < 0.001), tumor size (OR = 1.978; 95%CI: 1.175-3.330; P = 0.01), multiple tumors (OR = 2.164; 95%CI: 1.243-3.769; P = 0.006), invasion of blood vessels (OR = 1.756; 95%CI: 1.045-2.950; P = 0.034), and TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.260-3.334; P = 0.004) as independent predictive factors for postembolization pain. CONCLUSION Blood vessel invasion, TACE history, TACE with drug-eluting beads, and history of abdominal pain after TACE are predictors of acute moderate-to-severe pain. The predictive model may help medical staff to manage pain.

Postembolization syndrome (PES) is the most common side effect of vascular embolization of solid organs. The aim of this review was to determine the incidence of PES and its individual components after prostatic artery embolization (PAE). A systematic review with a pre-specified search strategy for PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies in English regarding PAE in humans with 10 or more participants were eligible for inclusion. No restrictions on participant demographics or PAE technique were imposed. The search returned 378 references, of which 32 studies with a total of 2116 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results for overall PES frequency and individual PES components were presented as median (interquartile range, (IQR)). Overall median PES frequency was 25.5% (12.5–45.8). The two most frequent individual PES components were dysuria/urethral burning and local pain, with a median frequency of 21.7% (13.8–33.3) and 20% (5.4–29.4), respectively. Most outcome measures were characterized by a marked lack of uniformity and inconsistency in reporting across studies. Development of a uniform reporting system would help the clinicians recognize and treat PES accordingly.

Background: Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) is a minimally invasive treatment in managing unresectable liver primary neoplasms or liver metastases. Postembolization Syndrome (PES) is the most common adverse effect after TACE procedures. Objective: We investigate the risk factors for the development of PES after TACE therapy in patients with primary or metastatic liver tumors. Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 163 patients who underwent TACE between 01/01/2012 and 31/01/2018, patients that were given medication due to pain, fever, nausea or vomiting were evaluated and noted with PES. Analyses were made to evaluate factors such as age, gender, chemotherapy agent and dose, tumor size, tumor type, a particle used for embolization, multiple tumor treatments and selective application of the procedure, which may lead to PES after TACE. Results: In a total of 316 patients, PES was observed at a rate of 55 percent after TACE. Tumor size, number of tumors treated and adopting super selective fashion in the procedure were found to be related to the development of PES. No relationship was found between age, gender, presence of ascites, tumor type, size of embolic agent and drug type and the development of PES. Conclusion: A treated tumor measuring >5 cm, treating more than one tumor, and the failure to perform the procedure in a super selective fashion increase the risk of PES development after TACE. C1 [Arslan, Muhammet] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Radiol, Fac Med, Denizli, Turkey. [Degirmencioglu, Serkan] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Oncol, Fac Med, Denizli, Turkey.

Background: Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) is a minimally invasive treatment in managing unresectable liver primary neoplasms or liver metastases. Postembolization Syndrome (PES) is the most common adverse effect after TACE procedures. Objective: We investigate the risk factors for the development of PES after TACE therapy in patients with primary or metastatic liver tumors. Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 163 patients who underwent TACE between 01/01/2012 and 31/01/2018, patients that were given medication due to pain, fever, nausea or vomiting were evaluated and noted with PES. Analyses were made to evaluate factors such as age, gender, chemotherapy agent and dose, tumor size, tumor type, a particle used for embolization, multiple tumor treatments and selective application of the procedure, which may lead to PES after TACE. Results: In a total of 316 patients, PES was observed at a rate of 55 percent after TACE. Tumor size, number of tumors treated and adopting super selective fashion in the procedure were found to be related to the development of PES. No relationship was found between age, gender, presence of ascites, tumor type, size of embolic agent and drug type and the development of PES. Conclusion: A treated tumor measuring >5 cm, treating more than one tumor, and the failure to perform the procedure in a super selective fashion increase the risk of PES development after TACE.

В раннем послеоперационном периоде после эмболизации маточных артерий (ЭМА) при лечении миомы матки развивается различной степени тяжести симптомокомплекс, называемый постэмболизационным синдромом (ПС). Актуальной остается задача по изучению механизмов возникновения, течения, коррекции ПС в зависимости от степени тяжести. Целью исследования явилась оценка регуляторных механизмов микроциркуляции при развитии ПС. Материалы и методы. Пациентки в количестве 81 чел. были распределены на 3 группы в зависимости от степени тяжести ПС: легкой степени (n=36) – I группа, умеренной степени (n=30) – II группа, тяжелой степени (n=15) – III группа. Методом лазерной доплеровской флоуметрии при проведении окклюзионной пробы регистрировались показатели ритмических колебаний кровотока до и после ЭМА. С помощью вейвлет-преобразований вычислялся частотно-амплитудный спектр колебаний перфузии. Его составляли активные механизмы микроциркуляции (эндотелиальные, нейрогенные, миогенные) и пассивные факторы регуляции (дыхательные, кардиальные). Результаты. В связи с развитием асептического воспаления и всасыванием продуктов некроза узла в общий кровоток у больных в раннем послеоперационном периоде появлялись боли, повышение температуры тела, лейкоцитоз, увеличение СОЭ. У пациенток с тяжелой степенью ПС в микроциркуляторном русле при воспалении отмечалось увеличение притока артериальной крови с 14,4 до 18,6 пф. ед. (р, A complex of various symptoms called postembolization syndrome (PS) can develop during the early postoperative period after uterine artery embolization (UAE) while treating uterine fibroid. It is still very importatnt to analyze PS origin, development and ways of correction depending on its severity. The aim of the study was to assess the regulatory microcirculation mechanisms in PS development. Materials and Methods. The authors devided 81 patients into 3 groups depending on the PS severity: mild case (n=36) – Group 1, moderate case (n=30) – Group 2, severe case (n=15) – Group 3. Indicators of rhythmic blood flow fluctuations were recorded during the occlusive test before and after UAE by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. Frequency-amplitude spectrum of perfusion oscillations was calculated by means of wavelet transforms. It was composed of active microcirculation mechanisms (endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic) and passive regulation factors (respiratory, and cardiac). Results. Due to the development of aseptic inflammation and absorption of toxins into bloodflow, the early postoperative patients suffered from pain, high temperature, leukocytosis, and increased ESR. In case of inflammation, patients with severe PS demonstrated an increase in arterial blood flow from 14.4 to 18.6 pF (p, №4(32) (2018)

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of Jian Pi Li Qi (JPLQ) decoction in improving quality of life of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 150 patients with HCC were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Groups were designed as follows: neither herbal medicine nor placebo administration (group A), placebo treatment (group B), and JPLQ decoction treatment (group C). The measurement methods of the observed outcomes include MD Anderson Symptom Inventory–Gastrointestinal module, armpit temperature, and laboratory tests. Results. Among the 140 patients studied, the 12 symptoms rated as most severe, which characterize postembolization syndrome (PES), were fever, pain, fatigue, nausea, disturbed sleep, distress, lack of appetite, drowsiness, dry mouth, vomiting, constipation, and feeling bloated. All these increased significantly (all P < .05) after TACE; 7 symptoms, including fever, pain, fatigue, lack of appetite, drowsiness, dry mouth, and constipation (all P < .05), were found to be relieved significantly by JPLQ. JPLQ also improved the liver function damage caused by TACE. Conclusion. JPLQ decoction may be an effective modality to relieve PES and protect liver function in patients with HCC after TACE.