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Studies around the world have shown that urban green spaces have a positive effect on house prices. The economic benefits of green spaces are an issue that still needs to be addressed. When analyzing scientific literature, it is problematic to compare studies on the influence of green spaces on house prices, due to the absence of a unified assessment system. Working on studies examining a similar categorisation of green spaces, the application of the same assessment methods and the use of a common set of variables would allow for more detailed and accurate analyses. Therefore, the aim of the work is to identify the categories of green spaces and the method of evaluation, which most accurately describes the impact of urban green spaces on housing prices. This work examined 8 studies, most of which were carried out in Europe. An analysis of studies has shown that the most commonly used method for determining the impact of green spaces on house prices is the hedonistic pricing method. When analyzing literature it was noticed that quite often the influence on the price of housing was measured only from a few types of green spaces, although the classification of green spaces is very wide. Most often, the studies did not analyse the sources of noise and pollution. Inclusion of these factors in the assessment would allow comparing the significance of noise and pollution sources and green spaces for the population. An analysis of studies has shown the importance of distance to the city center. In view of the shortcomings of the studies examined, a categorisation of green spaces and related elements has been brought up, which is proposed to be used in further studies on the impact of green spaces on the price of housing. Article in Lithuanian. Žaliųjų erdvių įtaka būsto kainoms Santrauka Tyrimais įrodyta, kad miesto žaliosios erdvės teigiamai veikia būsto kainas. Kokią ekonominę naudą teikia žaliosios erdvės – aktualus klausimas, kuris Lietuvoje mažai nagrinėtas. Analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą kyla problema dėl bendros vertinimo sistemos nebuvimo, sudėtinga palyginti žaliųjų erdvių įtakos būsto kainoms tyrimus. Darbas su tyrimais, kuriuose nagrinėjamas panašus žaliųjų erdvių skirstymas į kategorijas, tų pačių vertinimo metodų taikymas ir bendrų kintamųjų rinkinio naudojimas leistų atlikti detalesnes ir tikslesnes analizes. Todėl darbo tikslas – nustatyti žaliųjų erdvių kategorijas ir vertinimo metodą tiksliausiai nusakantį miesto žaliųjų erdvių poveikį būsto kainoms. Šiame darbe buvo nagrinėjami 8 tyrimai, iš kurių didžioji dalis atlikti Europoje. Atlikus tyrimų analizę, nustatyta, kad dažniausiai taikomas metodas žaliųjų erdvių įtakai būsto kainoms tirti yra hedoninis kainodaros metodas. Pastebėta, kad miesto žaliųjų erdvių įtaka būsto kainoms matuojama tik pagal keletą žaliųjų erdvių tipų, nors žaliųjų erdvių klasifikacija yra labai plati. Moksliniuose tyrimuose retai analizuojami triukšmo ir taršos šaltiniai, kurie daro didelę įtaką būsto kainoms, todėl šių veiksnių įtraukimas į žaliųjų erdvių įtakos būsto kainoms vertinimo sistemą leistų palyginti minėtų kintamųjų ir žaliųjų erdvių svarbą būsto vertei. Atsižvelgiant į nagrinėtų tyrimų trūkumus, sudaryta žaliųjų erdvių ir su ja susijusių elementų klasifikacija, kurią siūloma naudoti atliekant tolesnius žaliųjų erdvių įtakos būsto kainai tyrimus. Reikšminiai žodžiai: atstumas, būstas, hedoninis kainodaros metodas, kainodara, kainos, nekilnojamasis turtas, parkas, žaliosios erdvės.

Prostor koji se prelijeva sa zatečenim zelenilom; prostor za djecu formiran i od same prirode. Zbog toga novogradnja nastoji pratiti zatečenu morfologiju terena, na način da kuća izbjegne pojavnost monovolumena. Kuća je formirana od niza sekvenci koje su povezane zajedničkom okosnicom, a to je trijem, otvoreni prostor koji jednako komunicira s prirodom oko sebe, tvoreći kralježnicu cijelog projekta. Naglasak nije samo na kući (kućama) već i na prostoru koji nastaje između njih- afirmacija javnog otvorenog prostora i prirode koja nastaje ili bolje rečeno ostaje između stvorene arhitekture., A space that overflows with the found greens; a space for children formed from nature itself. That is why the new building tends to follow the found morphology of the terrain so that the house avoids the appearance of a mono volume. The house is formed from a series of sequences that are connected by a common backbone, which is the porch, an open space that communicates equally with the nature around it, forming the spine of the entire project. The emphasis is not only on the house(s) but also on the space that creates between them - an affirmation of the public open space and nature that creates or, better to say, remains between the created architecture.

El municipio de Restrepo, ubicado en el Departamento del Meta, se fundó en 1906. Se conoce que su evolución urbana-arquitectónica ocurrió a partir del centro fundacional, sin embargo, a la fecha no se ha consolidado algún documento académico, gráfico, planimétricos, audio visual, ni fotográfico sobre la historia fundacional y evolutiva de sus hitos arquitectónicos. Esta investigación de corte histórica tuvo como objetivo; datar, construir, documentar, digitalizar de manera gráfica (3D), sintética y descriptiva, la evolución arquitectónica del Parque Central Rafael Reyes Prieto y la Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción. Estas dos piezas fueron analizadas desde su fundación hasta la actualidad. La presente búsqueda histórica se desarrolló bajo el método heurístico, que hace énfasis en la recolección de fuentes orales, documentales, libros, planos y fotografías históricas, y que, posteriormente bajo los parámetros de la metodología establecida, se analizó y concluyó los datos históricos. Para la investigación, se analizaron varias referencias bibliográficas, que datan de manera aislada algunos acontecimientos, relatos vivenciales, cambios morfológicos y la evolución del centro histórico, dicha información consolidó las hipótesis presentadas en la investigación. Por esta razón, el presente proyecto histórico consolidó la información, datos e historias del centro fundacional, creando el primer documento académico consolidado y la primera representación gráfica de la historia fundacional de Restrepo. Esta investigación se desarrolla dentro del núcleo problémico del Lugar, Ciudad y Territorio, haciendo un énfasis y profundización en los ejes transversales de Patrimonio, Teoría e Historia, porque contribuye al proceso del conocimiento de la historia y la identidad de la región. Restrepo - Meta was founded in 1906. Its architectural evolution developed from the founding center, has no academic, graphic, planimetrics, audiovisual or photographic document consolidated. Digitalizing in 3d and descriptive way the Rafael Reyes Prieto Central Park and the Immaculada Concepcion Church’s architectural evolution, form its foundation to present tense, has been planted as main research objective. Furthermore, the research had a developed under heuristic method, which emphasizes oral sources, documentaries, books, plans and historical photographs collection to then analyze and conclude under the established methodology’s parameters. In addition, several bibliographical references were analyzed, which includes several occurrences, experiences stories, historic centre’s morphological time changes, supporting presented hypothesis. For this reason, the present historical project consolidated the information, data and stories of the founding center, creating the first consolidated academic document and the first graphic representation of the founding history of Restrepo. This research is developed within the problematic nucleus of the Place, City and Territory, emphasizing and deepening the transversal axes of Heritage, Theory and History, because it contributes to the process of knowledge of the history and identity of the region. Arquitecto http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Pregrado

Prostor koji se prelijeva sa zatečenim zelenilom; prostor za djecu formiran i od same prirode. Zbog toga novogradnja nastoji pratiti zatečenu morfologiju terena, na način da kuća izbjegne pojavnost monovolumena. Kuća je formirana od niza sekvenci koje su povezane zajedničkom okosnicom, a to je trijem, otvoreni prostor koji jednako komunicira s prirodom oko sebe, tvoreći kralježnicu cijelog projekta. Naglasak nije samo na kući (kućama) već i na prostoru koji nastaje između njih- afirmacija javnog otvorenog prostora i prirode koja nastaje ili bolje rečeno ostaje između stvorene arhitekture. A space that overflows with the found greens; a space for children formed from nature itself. That is why the new building tends to follow the found morphology of the terrain so that the house avoids the appearance of a mono volume. The house is formed from a series of sequences that are connected by a common backbone, which is the porch, an open space that communicates equally with the nature around it, forming the spine of the entire project. The emphasis is not only on the house(s) but also on the space that creates between them - an affirmation of the public open space and nature that creates or, better to say, remains between the created architecture.

El siguiente diseño urbano de tesis previo a la obtención del título de arquitecto, tiene como propósito lograr y organizar un lugar de esparcimiento para niños, jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores donde puedan ocupar su tiempo libre. Para el desarrollo de este tipo de diseño arquitectónico, se parte del problema existente en el Municipio de Fonseca La Guajira en específico el barrio El Centro, que carece de lugares de esparcimiento social e infraestructura cultural y recreativa. El Centro actualmente posee un parque infantil para toda su población que se encuentra deteriorado, como consecuencia a los problemas mencionados, nace la idea de plantear un Parque Cultural y Recreativo, conformado por una serie de actividades culturales, físicas y recreativas, que parte del diagnóstico y de los gustos, idiosincrasia, costumbres y necesidades de los habitantes de esta zona del Municipio de Fonseca La Guajira. El diseño del Parque es una declaración práctica de cómo hacer el anteproyecto, el cual será en un lugar idóneo para impulsar el turismo en el sector. La práctica del deporte, de la recreación y la cultura es importante ya que ayuda al desarrollo armónico integral de los seres humanos, por ende, se pretende crear un programa arquitectónico que dé cabida a la realización de actividades culturales, recreativas y físicas que acoja a los ciudadanos para que puedan hacer deporte, proporcionándoles una infraestructura y herramientas, contribuyendo a la integración social, recreativa y deportiva. The following urban design of the thesis prior to obtaining the title, aims to achieve and organize a place of recreation for children, youth and adults, where they can spend their free time. For the development of this type of architectural design, it is based on the existing problem of the Municipality of Fonseca, specifically the Centro neighborhood, which lacks places for social recreation and cultural and recreational infrastructure. The Center currently has a children's park for its entire population that is deteriorated, as a consequence of the aforementioned problems, the idea of proposing a Cultural and Recreational Park was born, made up of a series of physical and recreational activities, which starts from the diagnosis and the tastes, idiosyncrasy, customs and needs of the inhabitants of this area of the Municipality of Fonseca. The design of the Park is a practical statement of how to design the preliminary project, which will be in an ideal place to promote tourism in the sector. The practice of sport, recreation and culture is important since it helps the integral harmonic development of human beings, therefore, it is intended to create an architectural program that accommodates the realization of cultural, recreational and physical activities that welcome citizens so that they can play sports, providing them with infrastructure and tools, contributing to social, recreational and sports integration. Arquitecto http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Providing restorative green areas is important, especially in the city, where the level of stress and noise is relatively high. Therefore, green areas, such as urban parks, should provide coherent audio–visual stimuli to achieve positive perception by the residents. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential for psychological regeneration in urban parks in terms of visual and soundscape assessment as well as to assess the role of the intensity of different types of sound contributing to the positive perception of the soundscape. In order to achieve this aim, we chose eight urban parks in the city of Wrocław to provide audio and visual stimuli and used a group of young adults as survey respondents. The results show that visual stimuli are perceived as undoubtedly more important than the soundscape, and that talking, footsteps, music, children (playing), birds, and vehicles are the most significant types of sound that contribute to the perception of soundscape depending on the level of intensity of the sound (with children and vehicles being beneficial if they are completely inaudible). We conclude that the quality of the soundscape is essential to improve the restorative potential of urban parks and, in consequence, to improve the well-being and health of the city dwellers, and there is a necessity for strategies and development plans including sensually coherent and inclusive public parks in the city of Wrocław.

[ES] Se pretende relacionar ambas parcelas con el parque infantil de Morvedre extendiéndose éste durante toda la parcela a la derecha y a la izquierda de la calle de Sagunto generando un parque complejo en distintas parcelas. El proyecto ordena el vacío mediante la creación de una `toldo¿ actuando como cubierta perforada que organiza los espacios libres del parque y las piezas de los respectivos usos culturales en ambas parcelas con una naturaleza totalmente distinta a la planta baja, actuando de elemento protector de dichos espacios culturales. Las piezas se desarrollan apoyándose en el lugar de una forma liviana, extendiéndose por las parcelas relacionándolas unas con otras y creando espacios ajardinados entre ellas que representan el conjunto de habitaciones que componen el centro social. Mediante la dispersión de varias bandas se consigue ocupar el máximo de superficie de planta para relacionarse con el entorno desvaneciéndose sus límites entre exterior e interior, actuando como elemento de unión tejiendo el espacio entre piezas., [EN] It is intended to relate both plots with the Morvedre playground extending it throughout the plot to the right and to the left of Sagunto street generating a complex park in different plots. left of Sagunto street generating a complex park in different plots. The project organizes the void by creating a 'canopy' acting as a perforated roof that organizes the free spaces of the park and the pieces of the respective cultural uses in both plots with a totally different nature to the ground floor, acting as a protective element of these cultural spaces. The pieces are developed resting on the site in a light way, extending through the plots relating them to each other and creating landscaped spaces between them that represent the set of rooms that make up the social centre. Through the dispersion of several bands it is possible to occupy the maximum floor area to relate to the environment fading its limits between exterior and interior, acting as a connecting element weaving the space between pieces.

The article studies the problem of assessing the quality of atmospheric air in the green areas of the metropolis. The aim of the work is to compare the data obtained by the biomonitoring method with information from unified state environmental monitoring system (USEMS). The sample object of the study is a Udelny park located in the Primorsky district of the city of St. Petersburg. The objectives of the study include the analysis of atmospheric pollution of the Udelny Park by the method of bioindication, comparison of the data obtained with the general telephone indicators, as well as with information from the nearest USEMS posts. When studying the object, the method of V.M. Zakharov was used to study the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf plates of the hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The site between Udelny Ave., the Vyborg railway line, Testers Ave. and Kolomyazhsky Ave. with an approximate area of 18 hectares was chosen as a model site. The assessment was carried out on 12 pickets, at each 100 samples of leaf plates were taken in total. For comparison, data were obtained from a stationary observation post for the state of atmospheric air pollution, information on the content of pollutants in the air of the Primorsky district. The study found that the quality of atmospheric air in the territory is low. In part of the pickets, the value of the fluctuating asymmetry index was more than 0.054, which corresponds to the V score (critical pollution). These data are generally correlated with information about air pollution in St. Petersburg. Nevertheless, the state of the environment is assessed by the chosen method more critically. This is due to the fact that the biomonitoring method studies pollution from the point of view of direct impact on the ecosystem, taking into account, among other things, the cumulative effect. The result makes us to conclude that it is more correct to use an integrated approach, combining both methods, to assess the stability of urban ecosystems and the quality of the environment in them. It is important to separate information about the quality of the atmosphere in green areas from general data on residential areas.

Por medio de este proyecto se busca crear espacios educativos, lúdicos y recreativos en dónde la comunidad del barrio pescadores, crezca a partir de unas infraestructuras comodas y respetuosas con su entorno. Al momento de plantear este tipo de arquitectura que genere unas condiciones óptimas para el desarrollo cultural y educativo de una comunidad, es sumamente importante tener un conocimiento a profundidad de como funcionan las actividades dentro de estas, para podre reflejar por medio de la forma, función y técnica del proyecto la mejor alternativa. Reflejando que antes de llegar a diseñar, se debe tener una visión clara de que es lo importante y como por medio de un diseño se puede entender a una comunidad; implicando conocer costumbres, tradiciones y formas de vida con las que se enfrentan estas personas; dicho esto la arquitectura que se busca plantear, es una que sea integral; a través de la cual se llegue a entender: ¿Cómo se puede plantear una arquitectura que entienda y respete la cultura de una comunidad? Through this project we seek to create educational, playful and recreational spaces where the community of the fishermen's neighborhood grows from comfortable infrastructures that are respectful of their environment. At the moment of proposing this type of architecture that generates optimal conditions for the cultural and educational development of a community, it is extremely important to have an in-depth knowledge of how the activities within them work, to be able to reflect through the form, function and technique of the project the best alternative. Reflecting that before designing, one must have a clear vision of what is important and how a community can be understood through a design; implying to know customs, traditions and ways of life with which these people face; Having said this, the architecture that is sought to be proposed is one that is integral; through which it is possible to understand: How can an architecture be proposed that understands and respects the culture of a community? Arquitecto Pregrado

Breadcrumbs is a continuation of the collaboration between Robertsfors municipality, ARKNAT, and Umeå School of Architecture, to create site-specific wind shelters along the hikingpath of fiske- and flottarstigen aiming to revitalize the path and promote a new experience in nature. The objective with “Breadcrumbs” is to attract attention and promote tourism in the municipality without solely relying on the anticipated railway project Norrbottniabanan by creating an architectural spectacle that aligns with the aesthetic expression of one of the wind shelters. The concept of nanotourism is used as a tool throughout the project as a critique towards the social and environmental strains associated with tourism. By doing so “Breadcrumbs” aim to cultivate a sense of pride and ownership within the local community and be mindful of the rural context. The project establishes a network of information spots along the hiking path, where the primary material is wood. These spots, strategically located near bus stations to encourage car-less transportation, feature bulletin boards displaying current events, maps of activities and detours, and a leisure library offering equipment like skis, and bikes to borrow. This enriches the hiking experience and enhances the attractiveness of the path. Medborgarhuset serves as the central node of the network. Lanterns are designed to be the structure's load-bearing elements. Medborgarhuset acts as a destination in itself due to its design, programs, and location, but also serves as the starting point for the exploration of the rest of Robertsfors.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt das Freiraumkonzept und den Entwurf eines öffentlichen Platzes, auf dem Gebiet einer ehemaligen Gasfabrik in London. Beweggrund sich mit diesem Thema zu befassen, ist einerseits die Herausfor- derung, in einer so verdichteten Metropole wie London noch erreichbaren Freiraum zu schaffen, andererseits der Anreiz, einen Gegenentwurf zu den geplanten Wohnbauten innerhalb der alten Gasometerstrukturen zu schaffen, der die Schönheit dieser Strukturen hervorhebt und bespielt. Die Lebensbedingungen in Metropolen wie London wecken den Wunsch nach Erholung im Freien. Der Großteil dieser Erholungsflächen liegt im äußeren Gürtel der Stadt und besteht aus größeren Parkanlagen, weniger aus kleinen Parks im Wohnumfeld. Um qualitatives Wohnen und Leben zu ermöglichen, sollten Freiflächen für die Bürger:innen leichter erreichbar sein. Konträr dazu besteht in der Stadtplanung seit Jahrzehnten der Wunsch nach Verdichtung, was die Verdrängung von Freiflächen in den Außenraum weiter vorantreibt. Immer mehr Stimmen werden laut, die dieses Vorgehen hinterfragen und auf den Bedarf an Freiflächen aufmerksam machen. So stehen auch Forderungen im Raum, die geplanten Wohnbauten im ehemaligen Industriegelände durch einen öffentlichen Park zu ersetzen. Diese Arbeit generiert eine beispielhafte Lösung für die Erschließung leerstehender Nischen im innerstädtischen Raum, anhand eines Entwurfes für die Umnutzung einer brachliegenden Industriefläche zu einem öffentlichen Park. Im Zentrum der Konzeption steht die Bespielung der noch bestehenden Gasbehälterstrukturen, sowie die Revitalisierung des anliegenden Kanals. Das folgende Projekt soll einen Anstoß geben, die Potenziale solcher Brachflächen zu erkennen, zu nutzen & eine Art der Aktivierung, die der Gemeinschaft zugutekommt, demonstrieren., The following thesis describes the open space concept and design of a public area, located on the site of a former gas factory in London. The motivation for dealing with this topic is, on the one hand the challenge of creating accessible green space in a metropolis as dense as London, and on the other hand, the incentive to create an alternative to the planned residential buildings within the old gasholder structures, which emphasizes and plays on the beauty of these structures. Living conditions in metropolises such as London awaken the desire for outdoor recreation. The majority of these recreational areas are located in the outer belt of the city and consist of larger park areas, rather than small parks in residential neighborhoods. In order to provide quality living conditions, these open spaces should be more easily accessible for citizens. Contrary to this, the desire for densification in urban planning has been strong for many decades, which further leads to the displacement of open spaces to the outskirts. More voices than ever are being raised questioning this approach and drawing atten- tion to the high demand for new open spaces, hence the requests to replace the planned residential buildings in the former industrial area with a public park. This thesis generates an exemplary solution for the development of vacant niches in inner-city areas, based on a design for the conversion of a derelict industrial area into a public park. The focus of the concept is the use of the existing gasholder structures, as well as the revitalization of the adjacent canal. The following project aims to give an impetus to recognize and utilize the potential of such fallow land and demonstrate the kind of activation, that would benefit the community.

The diploma thesis deals with the inventory of greenery and the proposal of replanting in the spa park Aurora in Třeboň. The goal is to evaluate the existing greenery and to propose replanting and modifications of the area. The first part of this thesis focuses on the historical development, function and importance of greenery in cities. The thesis describes the forms of public greenery, its planting and subsequent care as steps to improve the urban microclimate. In the practical part, a dendrological survey and inventory of meadow communities is elaborated. The area is divided into 9 separate blocks for better clarity and the greenery in these blocks is mapped in detail. The conclusion describes specific proposals that will improve the local microclimate, increase biodiversity and aesthetic value while maintaining the overall character of the park.

В статье приводится описательная характеристика парка «Кашкадан» г.Уфы с момента его возникновения и современного его состояния после проведенных мероприятий по реконструкции территории. The article provides a descriptive description of the park «Kashkadan» in Ufa from the moment of its inception and its current state after the measures taken to reconstruct the territory.

This thesis follows the genesis of the Adalbert Lanna the Elder monument between the years 1866 and 1879 and futher development including its destruction in 1945 and reinstallment in 1993. It aims to describe the monument's place in the broader context of European monument building, the activities of Imperial royal artistic foundry in Wieden and the careers of its key figures. The thesis contains iconographic description and interpretation of the monument's components and their comparison. It presents evidence of period reception and above all else attempts to answer the question of why was one of the few public monuments dedicated to businessmen and industrialists revealed as early as 1879 in Budweis of all places.

Conceptual principles of beautification and landscaping of green public parks are scientifically researched in the article. Park planning requirements, structure, principles of plant selection and conclusion are presented.

Graf Peter-Ernst von Mansfeld hat als Statthalter der spanischen Krone im 16. Jahrhundert mit dem Bau des Schlosses „La Fontaine“ den Luxemburger Stadtteil Clausen bis heute geprägt. Doch nach jahrhundertelanger Transformation konnte zuletzt nur noch ein kundiges Auge die wenigen Überreste mit dem ehemals prächtigen Renaissanceschloss und seinem Park in Verbindung setzen. In „Mansfeld Revisited“ präsentieren zehn Beiträge den aktuellen Forschungsstand und Vergleiche mit Schlossanlagen aus Belgien, Frankreich und Österreich, um Perspektiven für die zukünftige Gestaltung und Nutzung des Areals in Clausen zu entwickeln. Ein Bericht vom des internationalen Symposiums in Luxemburg im Jahr 2022 fasst ergänzend die Ergebnisse der Diskussionen zusammen. Gouverneur du Luxembourg au service de la couronne d’Espagne au XVIe siècle, le comte Pierre-Ernest de Mansfeld a marqué de son empreinte le quartier de Clausen à Luxembourg par la construction du château « La Fontaine ». Pourtant, après des siècles de transformations, seul un œil averti peut encore déceler, dans les quelques vestiges qui subsistent, le magnifique château Renaissance et son parc d’autrefois. Dans « Mansfeld Revisited », dix contributions dressent le bilan actuel de la recherche mais aussi comparent le site de Clausen avec des châteaux en Belgique, France et Autriche, afin de proposer des perspectives pour son aménagement et sa destination future. À ces contributions s’ajoute le rapport des discussions tenues lors du congrès international de Luxembourg en 2022. Count Peter-Ernst of Mansfield, the 16th-century governor of Luxembourg under the Spanish crown, left his mark on Luxembourg’s Clausen quarter with his construction of ‘La Fontaine’ Palace. But after centuries of transformation, only an educated eye can still connect the few remains on site with the once magnificent Renaissance palace and parkland. In Mansfeld Revisited, ten contributions present the current state of the research and draw comparisons with palaces in Belgium, France and Austria to develop perspectives on the future design and use of the Clausen site. They are complemented by a report summarising the outcome of the discussions held at the 2022 international symposium in Luxembourg.

Methodology of the system of recreation green areas, creation of amenities for the population, improvement of recreation infrastructure, establishment of modern recreation centers with all the amenities of recreation services and conditions, ensuring the safety of visitors, as well as the impact of green areas on the environment is one of the urgent problems today.

Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich damit, inwieweit dezentrale, in meinem Fall antike Wassersysteme, das bestehende staatlich zentrale Wassersystem Jordaniens unterstützen können und die Qualitäten in den Bereichen Mikroklima, Luftqualität und Freizeitgestaltung der Anrainer:innen erhöht werden. Durch die Integrierung kleiner dezentraler Systeme im öffentlichen Raum, kann die Wasserarmut Jordaniens gering verringert werden. Dazu beleuchtet diese Arbeit verschiedene Themenfelder. Wie kann ein dezentrales Wasserauffangsystem das zentrale Wasser- und Abwassersystem Jordaniens unterstützen? Können antike Strukturen aufbereitet und gerettet werden? Welche Möglichkeiten existieren, um Anrainer:innen mit Regenwasser zu versorgen und inwieweit können diese in Form von öffentlichen Parks davon profitieren? Hierfür habe ich mich zunächst mit dem aktuellen und dem historischen Wassersystem Jordaniens beschäftigt und diese näher erläutert. Daraufhin beleuchte ich die Möglichkeiten einer Reaktivierung historischer Wassersysteme in der Stadt Madaba, welche Forschungsort meiner Feldforschung ist. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Gestaltung von Parks und Gemeinschaftsbereichen in Jordanien untersucht sowie die Auswirkungen eines Mini Biotops im städtischen Gefüge auf Bewohner:innen und die Flora und Fauna der Stadt. Die erarbeiteten Ergebnisse wurden anhand eines Entwurfes auf Erschwinglichkeit, Nutzbarkeit und räumliche Möglichkeiten überprüft., This master thesis deals with the extent to which decentralised, in my case ancient water systems, can support Jordan‘s existing state centralised water system and increase the qualities in the areas of microclimate, air quality and recreational activities of the residents. By integrating small decentralised systems in the public space, Jordan‘s water poverty can be slightly reduced.To this end, this paper examines various issues. How can a decentralised water collection system support Jordan‘s central water and sanitation system? Can ancient structures be rehabilitated and saved? What possibilities exist to supply residents with rainwater and to what extent can they benefit from this in the form of public parks? For this purpose, I first dealt with the current and the historical water system in Jordan and explained them in more detail. I then look at the possibilities of reactivating historical water systems in the city of Madaba, which is the location of my field research. In this context, the design of parks and communal areas in Jordan is examined, as well as the effects of a mini biotope in the urban fabric on residents and the flora and fauna of the city.The results were tested for affordability, usability and spatial possibilities by means of a design.

Krasnoyarsk parks are studied in the general system of green areas of the city. The Central Park of Krasnoyarsk is analyzed in detail, its evolution is traced through its periods. The planning, landscape and architectural-spatial transformations of the garden-park territory have been studied and illustrated. The prospects for the development of the park are outlined on the basis of a review of project proposals and the results of an Open International Competition for the development concept of Gorky Central Park in Krasnoyarsk in 2020. The principles of a good park have been formulated.

The article describes the features of the research that consists in determining the role of lighting in the landscape design of cities and individual homesteads. The place of installation of lighting devices, climatic conditions of the environment, groups of plants, decorative covering, architectural forms and landscape areas are of great importance. Methodology: Cognitive, evaluative and diagnostic methods of analysis are used in the article. Results: The influence of light design on the perception of landscape objects of urban and homestead location was analyzed and evaluated. The process of realizing the balance between human activity, other living creatures, plants and a whole nature in the design of night lighting of city parks was investigated by finding out the effect of night artificial light on the ecosystem of city parks. Also, the impact of individual changes caused by artificial lighting on the functioning of the entire ecosystem was considered, its advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, it was indicated how to reduce the negative impact and how to better use the positive effect of artificial light. Attention is focused on the expansion of the use of artificial lighting in the arrangement of such objects of the urban environment as parks, children's and sports grounds, landscape compositions, etc. It has been established that light design is a complex approach from economic, architectural, aesthetic, decorative and engineering points of view. The need to master the art of lighting for the further ergonomic design of places of public and individual recreation has been identified. Scientific novelty: The role of lighting in the landscape design of the environment is inexhaustible. After all, lighting design is not only an aesthetic and decorative aspect, but also a functional one. Thanks to a comprehensive approach to the formation of lighting of landscape objects, the safety of various purposes of architectural structures in the dark, as well as the level of emotional and aesthetic satisfaction of residents, increases; a single artistic image is creating, which makes it possible to form a complete picture of the perception of a particular composition. Practical significance: The revealed regularities and acquired knowledge can be applied in the practice of landscape design when arranging or improving both urbanized environmental objects and individual homesteads. Мета: Дослідження полягає у визначенні ролі освітлення у ландшафтному дизайні міст та окремих присадибних ділянок. Велике значення має місце встановлення світлових приладів, кліматичні умови середовища, групи рослин, декоративне покриття, архітектурні форми та ландшафт ділянки. Методологія: У статті використано пізнавальний, оцінювальний та діагностичний методи аналізу. Результати: Проаналізовано та оцінено вплив світлодизайну на сприйняття ландшафтних об’єктів міського та присадибного розташування. Досліджено процес реалізації балансу між життєдіяльністю людини, інших живих істот, рослин та природою в цілому в проектуванні нічного освітлення міських парків шляхом з’ясування впливу нічного штучного світла на екосистему міських парків. А також розглянуто вплив окремих змін, спричинених штучним освітленням, на функціонування всієї екосистеми, проаналізовано його переваги та недоліки, зазначено як зменшити негативний вплив та як краще використовувати позитивний ефект штучного світла. Зосереджено увагу на розширенні застосування штучного освітлення при облаштуванні таких об’єктів урбанізованого середовища як парки, дитячі та спортивні майданчики, ландшафтні композиції, тощо. Встановлено, що світлодизайн являє собою комплексний підхід з економічної, архітектурної, естетичної, декоративної та інженерної точок зору. Виявлено потребу оволодіння мистецтвом освітлення для подальшого ергономічного проектування місць громадського та індивідуального відпочинку. Наукова новизна: Роль освітлення в ландшафтному дизайні середовища є невичерпною. Адже світлодизайн являє собою не лише естетичний та декоративний аспекти, а й функціональний. Завдяки комплексному підходу щодо формування освітлення ландшафтних об’єктів підвищується безпека архітектурних споруд різного призначення в темну пору доби, а також рівень емоційного та естетичного задоволення мешканців; створюється єдиний художній образ, що дозволяє сформувати цілісну картину сприйняття тої чи іншої композиції. Практична значущість: Виявлені закономірності та здобуті знання можуть бути застосовані в практиці ландшафтного дизайну при облаштуванні чи вдосконаленні як урбанізованих об’єктів середовища, так і окремих присадибних ділянок.

The city plan of Klaipeda is linear, it stretches by the coast of the Curonian Lagoon and The Baltic Sea. The main parts of the city are the old town, positioned on the left side of the river Dane (during the 13th-15th centuries there formed a rectangular grid of streets), the new town, positioned on the right side of the river Dane (the central part is divided into elongated blocks), and the new residential areas (Pempininkai, Naujakiemis, Alksnyne, Gedminai and others; built since 1945). The specifics of the port city are highlighted by the piers and warehouses. Klaipeda is also characterized by its halftimbered and industrial buildings. In the city of Klaipeda you can find very interesting, rare, having a kind of charm relics of technical and engineering heritage: pre-war electric light poles, amazing centuries-old hydrants with embossed records, gas lamps, manhole covers with inscriptions of the most famous port city’s shipyard. They are less noticeable but unique in their authenticity. It is important to create cities where public spaces allow people to feel safe and comfortable and the latest technologies, modern design and environmental friendliness are combined. Examples include the Riveiro do Matadouro park in Portugal, the Red Ribbon Park in China or the Hasle pier in Denmark. In these project, modern design is authentically adapted to the environment and the needs of the people. Another example – Amsterdam. A city whose development projects link history, necessary innovations, the needs of the people, and the municipality encourages people to contribute to the development of the city projects (Irena Dirgeliene). A city that is fun and safe to live in, it is not only a complex of streets and buildings, but also green spaces – parks, squares, water bodies and forest parks. Klaipeda is rich in green spaces, where you can find elements of small architecture reminiscent of history. The most frequently visited parks in Klaipeda are the Sculpture Park, the Sajudis and Friendship parks, which are located throughout the city. Key words: sculpture, park, public space, elements of small architecture.

Se référant à l’histoire des techniques et des sciences ainsi qu’à celle de l’architecture et des villes, la critique moderne a élaboré un double modèle perspectif et territorial des jardins français du xviie siècle qui semble désormais aller de soi. Mais quelle perspective et quel territoire y convoque-t-on alors qu’on ne prend que rarement en compte les données matérielles et culturelles de l’application technique au terrain ? La problématique que nous explorons se dessine, en creux, à la c...

Introduction: Accidents caused by children’s play equipment are considered a serious threat to children’s health. The aim of this study was to design slide, swing and see-saw based on national standards and children’s anthropometric data. Material and Methods: The present study is an applied research, in which the design of children’s play equipment, including slides, swing and see-saw was done according to national standards No. 6436-2, 6436-3 and 6436-6, as well as measuring the anthropometric dimensions. All anthropometric data of 385 children aged 2 to 12 years were measured and equipment design was performed using Minitab software. Results: In the national standards No. 6436-2, 6436-3 and 6436-6, the size of more dimensions required for the design of the slides, swing, and see-saw is not stated. In the present study, the ergonomic and standard design of these types of equipment is shown. Comparison of designed see-saw with see-saw available in parks showed that the length and width of the see-saw should be 0.37 and 0.25 meters, respectively. In the current study, however, they were 0.24 and 0.35 meters, respectively. Also, the height, width and depth of the swing chair should be 0.2, 0.35 and 0.37 meters, while their actual size in the studied parks was 0.25, 0.42 and 0.31 meters, respectively. Conclusion: The result of this study is helpful for standard and ergonomic designing of children’s play equipment and is very useful for urban planning. This study emphasizes the revision of national standards.

[ES] La elevada superficie de suelo ocupado en las costas españolas está provocando un fuerte impacto medioambiental en los ecosistemas naturales, Pinedo y las grandes infraestructuras que la circundan son buena prueba de ello. Como estrategia para contribuir a la recuperación y protección del medio ambiente este proyecto fortalece los vínculos entre las personas y su entorno natural (la flora y la fauna, el clima, el suelo y el paisaje) mediante la implantación de un centro de actividades de formación, cultura y deporte en el entorno de un parque lúdico, acercando la actividad humana a la naturaleza. La intervención, que se sitúa sobre la mayor superficie en desuso del núcleo urbano de Pinedo, surge como respuesta a una necesidad de espacios públicos de calidad, funciona como activador social de Pinedo al mismo tiempo que pone en valor el suelo que hoy se encuentra en estado de abandono., [EN] The large amount of land occupied on the Spanish coast is causing a strong environmental impact on natural ecosystems, Pinedo and the large infrastructures that surround it are good proof of this. As a strategy to contribute to the recovery and protection of the environment, this project strengthens the links between people and their natural surroundings (flora and fauna, climate, soil and landscape) through the implementation of a centre for educational, cultural and sporting activities in the setting of a leisure park, bringing human activity closer to nature. The intervention, which is located on the largest unused surface area in the urban centre of Pinedo, is a response to the need for quality public spaces and functions as a social activator for Pinedo while at the same time giving value to land that is currently in a state of abandonment.

In urban areas, forest patches and parks are usually the places where people spend most of their time outdoors. Because of poor environmental protection policy and insufficient investment in industry and energy, Serbia is often ranked among the European countries with the greatest environmental pollution. In recent years, ecological protests have been organized throughout the country with the aim of raising ecological awareness and resolving environmental issues. The topic has become particularly popular since the plans for opening new mining areas in western Serbia came to the fore. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate radioactivity levels and metals content in soil and foliage of the most popular parks in Belgrade, the capital and largest city of Serbia. Based on a GIS (geographic information system) approach, the spatial distribution maps of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 7Be, and 137Cs) and metals (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn) were made. Ambient dose-equivalent rate in air was also measured. The annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk from radionuclides were calculated. Health effects of exposure to heavy metals in soil were estimated by noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment.

Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar ilinde bulunan Prof. Dr. Veysel Eroğlu Parkı’nın erişilebilirlik açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, park içerisindeki yapısal (girişler, yollar, rampalar, kent mobilyaları, çocuk oyun alanları) ve bitkisel ögeler başta engelli bireyler olmak üzere tüm kullanıcılar açısından erişilebilirlik kavramı doğrultusunda, engellilerin için hazırlanan uluslararası standartlar göz önüne alınarak incelenmiştir. Yerinde yapılan incelemeler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, alandan çekilen fotoğraflarla desteklenmiştir. Peyzaj mimarlığı açısından bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, parkın her noktasına erişilebilirliğin mümkün olduğu saptanmış olmakla birlikte bazı donatılardan kullanıcıların faydalanmada zorluklar yaşandığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, incelenen parkın engelsiz bir parka dönüşmesi için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur., In this study, it is aimed to examine Prof. Dr. Veysel Eroğlu Park in Afyonkarahisar province in terms of accessibility. In this context, the structural (entries, roads, ramps, urban furniture, children's playgrounds) and plant elements in the park were examined in line with the concept of accessibility for all users, especially disabled individuals, taking into account the international standards prepared for the disabled. The findings obtained as a result of on-site investigations were supported by photographs taken from the area. When the findings are evaluated in terms of landscape architecture, it has been determined that accessibility to every point of the park is possible, but it has been understood that users have difficulties in making use of some equipment. In this context, some suggestions have been made to transform the examined park into a barrier-free park.

Findings on the relationship between play spaces and childhood overweight and obesity are mixed and scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations between residential proximity to play spaces and the risk of childhood overweight or obesity and potential effect modifiers. This longitudinal study included children living in the city of Barcelona identified in an electronic primary healthcare record database between 2011 and 2018 (N = 75,608). Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO standards and we used 300 m network buffers to assess residential proximity to play spaces. We calculated the risk of developing overweight or obesity using Cox proportional hazard models. A share of 29.4% of the study population developed overweight or obesity, but we did not find consistent associations between play space indicators and overweight or obesity. We did not find any consistent sign of effect modification by sex, and only some indications of the modifying role of area socioeconomic status and level of exposure. Although it is not possible to draw clear conclusions from our study, we call for cities to continue increasing and improving urban play spaces with an equitable, healthy, and child-friendly perspective. This study used the play spaces exposure data from the Horizon 2020 and European Research Council (ERC) funded Green Locally Unwanted Land Uses (GREENLULUS) project (grant agreement number 678034) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Maria de Maeztu, CEX2019-000940-M). Access to the SIDIAP database and linkage to play space exposure was funded by La Marató de TV3 Foundation (grant number 201621–30) as part of the Urban environment and childhood obesity in Catalonia (ECHOCAT) project. T.D.-S. acknowledges receiving financial support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Miguel Servet 2021: CP21/00023) which is co-funded by the European Union.

U ovome diplomskom radu opisan je postupak izvođenja jednadžbi sinkronog stroja s istaknutim polovima na rotoru za dvoosni rotirajući 𝑑𝑞 sustav. Prikazane su i objašnjene jednadžbe transformacija Clarke i Park. Objašnjen je postupak primjene nelinearnog magnetskog zasićenja sinkronog stroja u 𝑑-osi istoimenog sustava. Prikazana je primjena simulacije stroja u programskom okruženju PLECS te su komentirani dobiveni rezultati za slučajeve praznog hoda i udarnog priključenja tereta u određenom vremenskom trenutku. Rezultati simulacije su temeljeni na odzivima struja, elektromagnetskog momenta i mehaničke brzine vrtnje., This thesis describes the procedure for deriving the equation of a synchronous machine with salient poles on the rotor for a two-axis rotating 𝑑𝑞 system. The transformation equations of Clarke and Park are presented and explained. The application procedure of nonlinear magnetic saturation of the synchronous machine in the d-axis of the system. The application of machine simulation in the PLECS software environment is presented and the results obtained for the cases of idling and shock connection of the load at a certain point in time are commented. The simulation results are based on the responses of currents, electromagnetic torque and mechanical rotation speed.

[ES] El barrio de Nazaret ha tenido durante muchos años un vínculo muy significativo con el mar y las actividades relacionadas con este, como la pesca o actividades recreativas. Sin embargo, con el avance del puerto a lo largo de los años Nazaret perdió su mar y con ello parte de su identidad. Se plantea, por tanto, encontrar un punto en común con el puerto, que pueda abrir Nazaret de nuevo al mar, mejorar la relación de sus habitantes con el puerto y ofrecer a su vez a los vecinos del barrio nuevas oportunidades de formación y trabajo que tengan una visión de futuro en relación con la innovación en actividades portuarias, como el transporte marítimo tanto recreativo como comercial. Para ello se propone actuar sobre los antiguos astilleros de la Unión Naval del Levante, que se encuentran en el límite entre Nazaret y el puerto. Se trata de un conjunto industrial compuesto de varias naves cuya construcción se inició en 1918 y que ha sufrido diversos cambios a lo largo de los años. Inicialmente construido como astilleros para la construcción de embarcaciones de carga y pasaje llegó también a fabricar, durante de la Guerra Civil, vehículos blindados y armamento de guerra, hasta más tarde acabar con la reparación de buques y finalmente el cese de su actividad en 2012. La evolución del conjunto a través del tiempo y su cambio de uso advierte de las posibilidades de adaptación de dichas naves industriales y es por eso por lo que suponen el emplazamiento perfecto para un centro formativo que pretende ser un espacio en miras al futuro para el sector portuario y que apueste por la generación de un puerto más sostenible. El centro formativo se situará en las dos naves del conjunto que fueron construidas en 1940 tras la guerra civil y que se encuentran cruzando el rio y mirando desde el puerto hacia Nazaret. La relación entre las naves y el barrio se produce a través de la continuación del parque lineal del río y con finalmente con su desembocadura en el mar. A nivel programático en el centro se desarrollarán actividades, enfocadas sobre todo hacia el desarrollo productivo que deberán poder evolucionar con el tiempo según cambien las necesidades de la población. Se entenderá también como un espacio de creación e innovación que fomentará el emprendimiento de los alumnos y las relaciones con empresas del sector., [EN] The neighbourhood of Nazaret has had for many years a very significant relationship with the sea and the activities related to it, like fishing or recreational activities. However, with the advance of the harbour over the years, Nazaret has lost its sea and with it part of its identity. On this basis, it is proposed to find a common ground with the harbour, which allows Nazaret to be opened to the sea again, improves the relationship of its inhabitants with the harbour and offers at the same time new opportunities for education and labour with a foresight approach to innovation in port activity such as maritime transport both recreational and commercial. For this end, it is proposed to act on the former shipyards of the Naval Union of Levante (UNL) which is situated on the border between Nazaret and the harbour. It is an industrial complex composed of several warehouses, the construction of which started in 1918 and has suffered multiple changes throughout the years. Initially built as a shipyard for boat construction it has also served, during the Spanish Civil War, as a factory for armoured vehicles and armament, and onward as a vessel repair factory and finally in 2012 its standstill. The evolution of the complex through time and its change in use evidences the possibilities of adaptation of the buildings and that is why it is the perfect spot for an education centre which seeks to be a future-oriented teaching space for the port sector, and which opts for the generation of a more sustainable harbour. The education centre will be situated in the two warehouses which were built in 1940 after the civil war and which are located crossing the river and looking from the harbour towards Nazaret. The relation between the warehouses and the neighbourhood is carried out through the continuation of the lineal park and finally with the outlet of the river to the sea. At a programmatic level, the centre will develop activities focused mainly on productive development, which must be able to evolve through time according to the change in the necessities of the population. It will also be understood as a space for creation and innovation that will promote student entrepreneurship and relationships with companies in the sector.

[ES] Desarrollo de campaña de comunicación para el Hort de Trénor, espacio histórico de Torrent (Valencia) convertido en jardín botánico y espacio público de eventos, con tal de dar visibilidad a su nueva imagen de marca. La memoria documenta el proceso de estudio de marca y la definición de una estrategia de comunicación, así como su conceptualización y adaptación a aplicaciones para soportes físicos y digitales. Asimismo, se propone el diseño de una plataforma web del parque para ofrecer información sobre el espacio y los eventos realizados en este., [EN] Development of a communication campaign for Hort de Trénor, a historic space in Torrent (Valencia) converted into a botanical garden and public space for events, in order to give visibility to its new brand image. The report documents the brand study process and the definition of a communication strategy, as well as its conceptualization and adaptation to applications for physical and digital media. It also proposes the design of a web platform for the park to provide information about the space and the events held there.

Creating wonderful emotional experiences is the critical social function and cultural service of urban parks. Park sentiment patterns in rapidly urbanizing metropolitan areas need to be understood and interpreted thoroughly. This research aims to systematically study park sentiment patterns in metropolitan areas. By focusing on parks in Shanghai city and using the local mainstream social media data (SMD) of Dazhong Dianping, Ctrip, and Weibo, we created a series of score-related indicators to estimate park sentiment. We then applied statistical analyses to systematically interpret sentiment patterns in the spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal domains, explored their related factors, and compared the performance of different SMD sources. The results proved that Shanghai parks generally bring positive emotions to visitors but showed uneven sentiment patterns citywide. Park sentiment distributions differed from various SMD sources, but the SMD sets of Dazhong Dianping and Ctrip showed significant correlations. For these two SMD sets, visitors have greater and more stable happiness in parks on a workday than on a non-workday and in spring than in other seasons. Parks with higher positive sentiments are scattered citywide, whereas those with lower emotions are clustered in the downtown area. For Weibo, more positive emotions occurred on non-workdays or in autumn, and the lower mood clustering did not exist. Moreover, the quality-related internal factors of the park itself, rather than external factors such as location and conditions, were identified to influence park sentiment. The innovations of park sentiment methods in this study included using multiple SMD sets, creating more accurate sentiment indexes, and applying statistics in temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal domains. These enhanced sentiment analyses for urban parks to obtain more systematic, comprehensive, and thorough results. The defects and improvements for urban park construction were explored by interpreting park sentiment patterns and possible causes and effects. This motivates better park management and urban development, and enlightens urban planners, landscape designers, and policymakers.

Currently, the existence of Kampung Deret Petogogan is due to the Jakarta government's work program, especially in the field of alleviating slum areas. In the past, this region was a slum area and it was the government's vision to transform it. Since 2013, it has been in a neat condition, not only for its occupancy, and also for its infrastructure in the open areas, which consist of parks and neighborhood roads. This research aims to determine the quality of public open spaces, such as parks and neighborhood roads for the residents. This study adopted descriptive qualitative methods, expected to benefit the government for the development of open spaces, and the community maintenance and utilization. The results showed that the democratic and beneficial aspects of the society, and the elements of quality public open spaces were achieved. Also, the productivity of open space utilization was very large. The element of responsiveness to physical and non-physical existence, and the need for infrastructure in an open space needs to be improved by maximizing its quality.

The purpose of this project is to principally investigate the tacit activities of Chimpanzee individuals lead to detrimental health problems in nonhuman communities.

This study seeks to examine the effect of nature exposure on U.S. respondents' civic engagement. Major analyses will tackle the following issues. First, we will compare the effects of vegetation cover and park area within 1-km buffers of respondents' locations. Second, we will examine if the hypothesized effects are explained by higher well-being (the restoration hypothesis) and/or higher interpersonal trust. Third, based on the resource-security model, the benefits of nature exposure is attenuated by perceived insecurity in the neighbourhood. Therefore, we will examine the nature-security interaction effect on civic engagement. We will adopt structural equation models in testing the above ideas. This approach grants us the ability to estimate measurement errors in the model and address latent constructs instead of observed indicators.

The authors have studied the taxonomical structure, quantity, dynamics and vertical distribution of Gamasidae and Oribatidae mites in the park under pine-trees, oaks and wild gramineous plants. The kind of microstage has a great influence upon quantity and fauna of mites but has no any influence upon their quantitative dynamics and vertical distribution in the soil. Oribatidae are inferior to Gamasidae in species diversity and general quantity, they have bent for the soil layer of 0 - 10 cm; Gamasidae — to soil layer of 11 - 20 cm., Изучены таксономический состав, численность, динамика и вертикальное распределение гамазид и орибатид в парке под сосной, дубом и дикими злаками. Тип микростации существенно влияет на фауну и численность клещей и не влияет на динамику их численности и вертикальное распределение в почве. Орибатиды уступают гамазидам по видовому разнообразию, общей численности и тяготеют к слою почвы 0-10 см, гамазиды — к слою 11-20 см., Вивчено таксономічний склад, чисельність, динаміку і вертикальний розподіл гамазид і орибатид у парку під сосною, дубом і дикими злаками. Тип мікростації істотно впливає на фауну і чисельність кліщів і не впливає на динаміку їх чисельності і вертикальний розподіл у ґрунті. Орибатиди поступаються гамазидам за різноманітністю видів, загальною чисельністю і тяжіють до шару ґрунту 0-10 см, гамазиди — до шару 11 - 20 см.

В статье рассмотрены особенности ландшафтного проектирования в городах северных широт на примере разработки проекта аллеи «Пазл» в городе Нижневартовске (Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ, Россия). Анализируются аналоговые проекты дизайна городской среды. Раскрывается концепция проекта, его идейная основа, которая бы соответствовала стилистике и вписывалась в атмосферу города; описываются стилистические решения (минимализм) и пространственная композиция аллеи «Пазл»; раскрываются приемы благоустройства территории., The article discusses the features of landscape design in cities of northern latitudes on the example of the development of the project of the alley "Puzzle" in the city of Nizhnevartovsk (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia). Analog projects of urban environment design are analyzed. The concept of the project, its ideological basis, which would correspond to the style and fit into the atmosphere of the city, is revealed; stylistic solutions (minimalism) and spatial composition of the alley "Puzzle" are described; techniques of landscaping are revealed.

The existence of the city park is important for Jakarta as a metropolitan city with the current activity level of motor vehicles and air pollution greatly affects the quality of the city environment. The selection of vegetation in Mataram Merah park considered functional aspects and aesthetic values . The objective of this study were to determine the composition and type of vegetation landscape in Mataram Merah park and to determine the function of each type of landscape vegetation in Mataram Merah park. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with several stages, which is survey; identification of the name and type of vegetation; size identification; identification of the type of vegetation making up the composition (name of type and size that makes up the vegetation structure). The results showed that Mataram Merah park was generally planted with vegetation that functioned aesthetically rather than functionally. The function of landscape plants in Mataram Merah park were as aesthetics is 96.55%, as controlling view as much as 13.80%, vegetation function as physical barrier as much as 62.07%, plants as controlling erosion 51.72%, function of plants as controlling climate 13.79% and vegetation function for wildlife as much as 17.24%.

Problem.The proposed article summarizes the results of a study conducted by the authors in order to find the ways to improve the educational process using the latest developments in the field of software. The article outlines the introduction of simulation-virtual simulators, built on the basis of virtual measuring devices and virtualization methods as a way to improve the educational process, increase the efficiency of using promising forms of vocational training. Goal. The objectives of the research are to substantiate alternative ways to improve the fleet of measuring equipment through the development of virtual measuring instruments and increase the efficiency of the educational process through the development and implementation of virtual computer systems. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of traditional methods and means of measurement and the proposal of an alternative solution to the problem of virtualization of the measurement process. Analysis and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional measurement methods and tools have proven the viability of virtualization. Results. Based on the results of the research, the proposals were developed for the construction of virtual computer simulators based on virtual measuring instruments. This approach will not only provide high-quality education through visualization of educational processes, but will also allow the creation of new virtual computer systems for distance learning as a necessary form of obtaining knowledge in the modern world. Originality. The developed software package is a complete and self-sufficient software product, which includes an installation module adapted to most software platforms. Practical value. The introduction of virtual simulators built on the basis of virtual measuring instruments and virtualization of measuring processes was identified as an appropriate form of increasing the effectiveness of vocational training., Запропонована стаття підсумовує результати проведеного авторами дослідження щодо пошуку шляхів удосконалення навчального процесу із застосуванням новітніх розробок у галузі програмного забезпечення. Доцільною формою підвищення ефективності професійного навчання визначено впровадження імітаційних віртуальних тренажерів, побудованих на базі віртуальних вимірювальних приладів, і віртуалізації вимірювальних процесів. Аналіз та оцінювання переваг і недоліків традиційних методів і засобів вимірювання довели перспективність віртуалізації. За результатами досліджень розроблено пропозиції щодо побудови віртуальних комп’ютерних тренажерів на основі віртуальних вимірювальних приладів. Такий підхід не тільки забезпечить високу якість навчання, унаочнивши його, а й уможливить створення нових віртуальних комп’ютерних систем дистанційної освіти як необхідної форми набуття знань у сучасному світі.

Entre 1979 et 1999, Gérard Dufresne photographie à intervalles de temps réguliers le parc du Sausset situé à Villepinte en Seine-Saint-Denis, à la demande de ses concepteurs, les paysagistes Claire et Michel Corajoud. Ses images participent à une veille photographique destinée à « vérifier » l’évolution du projet ; elles contribuent également à la communication de l’Atelier Corajoud. Il s’agira ici d’analyser ce corpus, qui n’a jamais été examiné dans son intégralité, afin de mettre à jour les pratiques du photographe et des paysagistes, dans la durée. Between 1979 and 1999, Gérard Dufresne photographed the Parc du Sausset in Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis, at regular intervals at the request of its designers, the landscape architects Claire and Michel Corajoud. The aim of these images was to take part in a photographic watch to "check" the evolution of the project; their use was also to contribute to the communication of the Corajoud Agency. The article proposes to analyze this corpus, which has never been examined in its entirety, in order to uncover the practices of the photographer and the landscape designers.

Este proyecto de grado se fundamenta en los principios metodológicos descritos a continuación. Inicia con la definición del concepto de parque Metropolitano, sus características funcionales y las actividades que se pueden desarrollar mediante el análisis y contraste de la normativa de las ciudades pertenecientes al área metropolitana de Bucaramanga y Bogotá. Posteriormente se estudia el área de influencia global mediante de las conexiones a nivel metropolitano a través de vías vehiculares principales, el entorno urbano y su área de influencia inmediata. Tras lo anterior se analizan las condiciones geomorfológicas del área de implantación, así como factores externos ambientales que lo afecten directamente. Así mismo con base en el estudio de los conceptos de Arquitectura del paisaje establecidos por Javier Pérez Igualada (2016) se definirá compositivamente el desarrollo de la Etapa 1 dentro de la propuesta general del parque mediante la definición de los sistemas de zonas verdes, caminos, lugares, mobiliario urbano, iluminación artificial y material vegetal. A partir de lo anteriormente mencionado se analiza de la obra paisajística desarrollada por el arquitecto Carlos Ferrater en el parque botánico de Barcelona a partir de la geometría fractal como elemento generador aplicado al diseño de la arquitectura del paisaje como forma de integrar la topografía natural, los elementos compositivos y desarrollo de áreas de actividades de recreación pasiva y activa evidenciados en el Parque Simón Bolívar en Bogotá y el Parque de Moravia en Medellín tomado como referente en la recuperación del espacio público destinado a disposición de basuras. De esta manera se evidencian los componentes básicos del diseño de parques y su aplicación en los diferentes contextos. Es de esta manera que se logra adaptar y aplicar los principios compositivos expuestos por Javier Pérez Igualada en el contexto del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. This degree project is based on the methodological principles described below.It begins with the definition of the concept of the Metropolitan Park, its functional characteristics and the activities that can be developed through the analysis and contrast of the regulations of the cities belonging to the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga and Bogotá.Subsequently, the global area of influence is studied through the connections at the metropolitan level through main vehicular routes, the urban environment and its immediate area of influence. After the above, the geomorphological conditions of the implantation area are analyzed, as well as external environmental factors that directly affect it. Likewise, based on the study of the concepts of Landscape Architecture established by Javier Pérez Igualada (2016), the development of Stage 1 will be compositionally defined within the general proposal of the park by defining the systems of green areas, paths, places, street furniture, artificial lighting and plant material. Based on the aforementioned, the landscape work developed by the architect Carlos Ferrater in the Barcelona Botanical Park is analyzed from fractal geometry as a generating element applied to the design of landscape architecture as a way of integrating natural topography, compositional elements and development of areas of passive and active recreation activities evidenced in the Simón Bolívar Park in Bogotá and the Moravia Park in Medellín taken as a reference in the recovery of public space destined for garbage disposal. In this way, the basic components of park design and its application in different contexts are evidenced. It is in this way that it is possible to adapt and apply the compositional principles exposed by Javier Pérez Igualada in the context of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Practicing regular physical activity in green spaces has been invocated as a promising strategy for improving wellbeing in urban settings. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a structured park-based physical activity intervention, the “Moving Parks” project, on citizens’ wellbeing at the time of COVID-19. The intervention was carried out in six public parks in Bologna (Italy) and administered by qualified instructors (from May 2021 to September 2021). The Psychological General Well Being Index short form questionnaire was administered before and after the three months of outdoor activities. A total of 328 participants completed the questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the project. In September 2021, all psychosocial domains of the questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, self-control, positive well-being, vitality energy, and vitality-tiredness) significantly improved in the female sample (p value < 0.01) and only the last two in the male sample (p value < 0.05). The “Moving Parks” project seems to be able to improve citizens’ psychological wellbeing, particularly in women.

Field studies were carried out during the April-November period of 2018-2019 in order to determine the phytophagous and predatory insect species living on ornamental trees and shrubs in Burdur city center parks. 15 parks located in the city center were chosen as the study area. The parks were visited three-four times throughout the year and specimens of insects and host plants were collected and brought to the laboratory for preparation and diagnosis. A total of 34 plant taxa were examined throughout the study. As a result, totally 55 phytophagous insect species were identified from three orders and 19 families [Pseudococcidae 1, Diaspididae 4, Marchalinidae 1, Tingidae 3, Psyllidae 2, Cicadellidae 3, Miridae 7, Lygaeidae 6, Coreidae 2, Rhapolidae 2, Pentatomidae 4, Cixidae 1 (Hemiptera), Apionidae 3, Chrysomelidae 4, Curculionidae 8, Malachiidae 1, Elateridae 1 (Coleoptera), Tortricidae 1, and Notodontidae 1 (Lepidoptera)]. Among them, the most common and abundant species was Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius, 1883) from the Marchalinidae family. We report Anthocomus equestris (Fabricius, 1781) from the Malachiidae family as a new record from Turkey. Totally 18 predator species were identified from seven families [Nabidae 1, Miridae 1, Anthocoridae 2, Coccinellidae 10, Cantharidae 2, Srypidae 1, and Forficulidae 1]. We identified 83 interactions between phytophagous insects and host plants, and 26 interactions among phytophagous insects, host plants, and predator species., Burdur kent merkezi parklarında bulunan ağaç ve çalı formundaki süs bitkileri üzerinde yaşayan fitofag ve avcı böcek türlerini belirlemek amacıyla 2018-2019 yıllarında Nisan-Kasım dönemi boyunca arazi çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. İl merkezinde bulunan 15 park çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Parklar yıl boyunca 3-4 sefer ziyaret edilerek böcek türleri ve konukçu bitkiler toplanmış, preparasyon ve teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma boyunca toplam 34 bitki taksonu incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; üç takıma bağlı 19 familyadan [Pseudococcidae 1, Diaspididae 4, Marchalinidae 1, Tingidae 3, Psyllidae 2, Cicadellidae 3, Miridae 7, Lygaeidae 6, Coreidae 2, Rhapolidae 2, Pentatomidae 4, Cixidae 1 (Hemiptera), Apionidae 3, Chrysomelidae 4, Curculionidae 8, Malachiidae 1, Elateridae 1 (Coleoptera), Tortricidae 1 ve Notodontidae 1 (Lepidoptera)] toplam 55 adet fitofag böcek türü saptanmıştır. Marchalinidae familyasından Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius, 1883)’nın çalışma alanlarında en yaygın ve yoğun bulunan tür olduğu belirlenmiştir. Malachiidae familyasından Anthocomus equestris (Fabricius, 1781) Türkiye böcek faunası için yeni kayıttır. Fitofag türlerin avcısı olarak familyalara göre Nabidae 1, Miridae 1, Anthocoridae 2, Coccinellidae 10, Cantharidae 2, Srypidae 1 ve Forficulidae 1 olmak üzere toplam 18 avcı böcek türü elde edilmiştir. Fitofag böcek-konukçu bitki ilişkisi incelendiğinde 83 ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Fitofag böcek-konukçu bitki-avcı tür bakımından ise 26 ilişki bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.

La lucha contra la criminalidad en Colombia se vuelve un tema a priorizar en las agendas gubernamentales de los distintos entes territoriales a lo largo del territorio nacional. Es por esto que en Barranquilla – Atlántico, esta temática ha cobrado relevancia en los últimos 10 años y, partir del año 2012, entró en vigencia el programa denominado “Todos al Parque”, el cual busca recuperar zonas verdes, parques y canchas abandonadas en el casco urbano de la ciudad, con el fin de fomentar la seguridad, y mejorar los espacios públicos y la calidad de vida para todos los habitantes de las zonas aledañas. Es así como la implementación del programa “Todos al Parque” comenzó a recuperar áreas de la ciudad que en su momento funcionaban como puntos neurálgicos para la realización de actos delictivos afectando la seguridad de la zona y de los habitantes de la ciudad. Esta investigación propone analizar en qué medida la implementación del mencionado programa, ha logrado reducir o no los índices de criminalidad en las zonas intervenidas de la ciudad de Barranquilla para el periodo 2016 – 2019, tomando como referentes teorías como la clásica de la criminalidad, así como el efecto del vigilante implícito, efecto del tiempo y tiempo de ocio y las ventanas rotas y haciendo uso del método de evaluación de impacto como herramienta investigativa. El documento evidencia que la política ha tenido resultados positivos, sin embargo, la comunidad espera mayores resultados. Palabras clave: Seguridad, Parque, Criminalidad, Inseguridad, Recuperación The fight against crime in Colombia has become a priority issue in the governmental agendas of the different territorial entities throughout the national territory. This is why in Barranquilla - Atlántico, this issue has gained relevance in the last 10 years and, since 2012, the program called "Todos al Parque" (Everyone to the Park) came into effect, which seeks to recover green areas, parks and abandoned courts in the urban area of the city, in order to promote safety, and improve public spaces and quality of life for all residents of the surrounding areas. This is how the implementation of the "Todos al Parque" program began to recover areas of the city that at the time functioned as hotspots for criminal acts, affecting the safety of the area and the city's inhabitants. This research proposes to analyze to what extent the implementation of the mentioned program, has managed to reduce or not the crime rates in the intervened areas of the city of Barranquilla for the period 2016 - 2019, taking as references theories such as the classic of criminality, as well as the effect of the implicit vigilante, effect of time and leisure time and broken windows and making use of the impact evaluation method as a research tool. The document shows that the policy has had positive results, however, the community expects greater results. Keywords: Security, Park, Crime, Insecurity, Recovery Magíster en Gobierno del Territorio y Gestión Pública Maestría

This study was conducted in 2017-2019 in Aydın province in order to detect armored scale insects that are harmful in park and ornamental plants. As a result of the determinations, 9 species belonging to the Diaspididae family were identified. These species are; Aonidia lauri (Bouche), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus), Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock), Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus), Leucaspis pini (Hartig), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), Pseudalaucaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock). In this study, Ceratonia siliqua with Comstockaspis perniciosa, and Viola sp. with Lepidosaphes ulmi found on them are new record hosts in the world. Also in Aydın province, Populus sp. with Chionaspis salicis and in Turkey, Aonidiella aurantii, were detected for the first time on which Hedera helix.

This study was carried out to determine the species of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) in park and ornamental plants in Burdur province and districts in 2018 and 2019. A total of 10 species belonging to Diaspididae family were identified the names of Carulaspis juniperi (Bouché), Carulaspis minima (Signoret), Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus), Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus), Leucaspis lowi Colvée, Leucaspis pini (Hartig), Leucaspis pusilla Löw, Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) ve Unaspis euonymi (Comstock). C. juniperi, C. minima and U. euonymi species are the first records for Burdur province.

The following short communication article presents a method for comparing the species composition of Estonian forests and parks, giving an overview of the data that is currently being gathered and underlining how these two datasets can be compared. Even though both forest and park inventories are carried out throughout the country, to this day there have been no comparative studies on how the species composition of parks and forests differ from each other. This stems from the fact that the park and forest inventories are carried out using different methods. Forest inventories classify most of the trees according to their genera, but also differentiate between the species composition of the forest canopy and sub-canopy layers. The park inventories classify all dendrological plants by their species, also measuring several other individual parameters. The main difference being that park inventories do not differentiate between different canopy layers, rather providing species composition charts that include all the dendrological plants growing in the park. In order to compare the two datasets, it is necessary to transfer the data derived from manor park inventories to match that of the Estonian forest inventory. The first step in implementing the method is to divide the inventory data from parks into the forest canopy and sub-canopy layers. The canopy layer of parks was determined to consist of old trees (>100 years). The age of the trees in parks was modelled after growth charts compiled from the data from Estonian forests, which was then extrapolated to reach 120 years. These growth charts were compared to the breast height diameter of park trees, to determine their age. The canopy layer of parks was then analysed to provide an overview of species composition that corresponds to the same level of generalisation as the forest inventories. The results showed that the species composition of old manor parks differs significantly from most Estonian forests with the majority of the trees in parks being broad-leaved. The proposed method is suitable for comparing forests and parks on a generalised level.

Öz: Bayındırlık faaliyetleri şehirleşmenin temelunsurunu oluşturmaktadır. Asur şehircilik anlayışının en iyi görüldüğü zaman dilimi, Yeni Asur krallarının geniş inşaat projeleri gerçekleştirdiği imparatorluk dönemidir. Bu dönemde Nimrud, Khorsabad ve Koyuncuk’ta üç büyük başkent inşa edilmiştir. Söz konusu kentlerin planları rastlantısal değildir. Şehirler inşa edilmeden önce saraylar, tapınaklar, yollar, köprüler, park alanları ve sulama sistemi gibi kentin bütün ihtiyaçları planlanmıştır.Bu çalışmamızda Yeni Asur krallarının inşa ettirmiş olduğu üç başkentte gerçekleştirilen bayındırlık faaliyetlerini inceledik. Arkeolojik bulgular ile çivi yazılı belgelerden elde etmiş olduğumuz bilgilerle parklar ve bahçeleri, şehirlerin su sistemini, yol ağını ve köprüleribelirlemeye çalıştık. Abstract: Public works constitute the main element of urbanization. The period of time when the understanding of Assyrian urbanism was best understood was the imperial period when the New Assyrian kings carried out extensive construction projects. During this period, three big capitals were built in Nimrud, Khorsabad and Koyuncuk. The plans of these cities are not accidental. Before the cities were built, all the needs of the city were planned such as palaces, temples, roads, bridges, parking areas and irrigation system. In this study, we examined the public works in three capitals built by the New Assyrian kings. We have tried to identify parks and gardens, water system of cities, road network and bridges with the information we obtained from archaeological findings and cuneiform written documents.

Introduction Anthropogenic activities have a high impact on urban areas and lead to severe pollution in large cities. Urban soils are huge ‘basins’ for accumulation of various pollutants. Thus, they also serve as informative media. Therefore, the study of urban soils has developed in recent years. Mashhad is the second metropolitan city in Iran which has more than 3 million residences and over 20 million annual pilgrimage tourists. This city is surrounded by numerous factories and the high growth of urbanization has led to accelerated air pollution. In this research study, new analytical data for heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn) in soil of parks in Mashhad are presented and they are compared with unpolluted non-urban soils. Then, the origin of soil pollution in park soils is discussed by statistical methods and Pb isotope values. Materials and methods The main aim of this work is to focus on the urban areas of Mashhad and study park soil geochemistry. Twenty three parks were selected for this purpose. At each selected park, top soils (5-20 cm) were collected. In addition to park samples, 4 soil samples were collected from areas which were far from the urban areas and they were considered to be unpolluted. The concentration of heavy metals was defined by ICP-MS at the accredited Activation Laboratories (Actlabs.), Canada. To determine available and bioavailable fractions of Co, Cr and Ni, soil samples were analyzed by the DTPA method (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978). Pearson correlation coefficients and PCA are used to investigate elemental associations and extract latent factors for analyzing relationships among the observed variables. In this regard, these statistical analyses of park soils data were done with the SPSS 16.0 software package for Windows. The geochemical maps were plotted by a geographical information system (GIS) using ArcMap v.10.0 (ArcGIS) to show the overall spatial distribution patterns of total and available heavy metal concentrations. The Pb isotopes were measured in all samples by a ThermoFinnigan Neptune MC-ICP-MS instrument. Isotopic measurements were performed by the procedure proposed by Álvarez-Iglesias et al.’s (2012). Results and discussion Park soil samples have a higher concentration of heavy metals than non-urban soils. PCA analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that anthropogenic sources are the main factors controlling the Cd, Pb, Sn and Zn concentrations (PC1 component) in park soils. In other words, both anthropogenic and natural sources are responsible for Cr, Co and Ni (PC2 component) distribution in these soils. The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soil of parks in Mashhad confirm the statistical results and PC1 and PC2 heavy metals show different spatial variations. Furthermore, there is clear correlation between metals distributions, so that central parks generally have a higher content of all heavy metals which could be related to the heavy traffic and many traffic jams and air pollution in these areas. The lead isotopic ratios of the sample studied show that park soils show a distinct composition from non-urban soils. These samples are less radiogenic than non-urban soils with lower 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and higher 208Pb/206Pb ratios. The wide range of isotope ratios in park soils indicate that the Pb content in these soils is produced by the combination of different sources including natural and anthropogenic origins and that it has also been accumulating over time because of the enormous use of Pb in fuel, industrial activities, etc. (Galušková et al., 2014). The low 206Pb/204Pb values in park soils confirm a possible anthropogenic origin from the use of fossil fuels. The three-end-member model was used to determine possible Pb sources in the soil of parks in Mashhad. The average contribution was 6.6% and 93.4% for natural and anthropogenic (industrial and leaded petrol) sources, respectively. The detailed investigation of Pb isotope and Pb content of soil of parks suggests that industrial source is the main origin of samples with relatively low Pb content (

Purpose To test the validity of the Ecological Video Identification of Physical Activity (EVIP) computer vision algorithms for automated video-based ecological assessment of physical activity in settings such as parks and schoolyards. Methods Twenty-seven hours of video were collected from stationary overhead video cameras across 22 visits in nine sites capturing organized activities. Each person in the setting wore an accelerometer, and each second was classified as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or sedentary/light activity. Data with 57,987 s were used to train and test computer vision algorithms for estimating the total number of people in the video and number of people active (in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) each second. In the testing data set (38,658 s), video-based System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) observations were conducted every 5 min (130 observations). Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and mean absolute errors (MAE) assessed agreement between (1) EVIP and ground truth (people counts+accelerometry) and (2) SOPARC observation and ground truth. Site and scene-level correlates of error were investigated. Results Agreement between EVIP and ground truth was high for number of people in the scene (CCC = 0.88; MAE = 2.70) and moderate for number of people active (CCC = 0.55; MAE = 2.57). The EVIP error was uncorrelated with camera placement, presence of obstructions or shadows, and setting type. For both number in scene and number active, EVIP outperformed SOPARC observations in estimating ground truth values (CCC were larger by 0.11–0.12 and MAE smaller by 41%–48%). Conclusions Computer vision algorithms are promising for automated assessment of setting-based physical activity. Such tools would require less manpower than human observation, produce more and potentially more accurate data, and allow for ongoing monitoring and feedback to inform interventions.