Search

This study aimed to analyze the parasites infesting pigs and their producers on family farms in Tangua, RJ, Brazil, and to conduct extension activities between 2018 and 2019. Fecal samples were collected from 132 pigs, as well as, skin scrapings from the ears of 125 animals. In addition, 36 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by direct examination, sedimentation and flotation techniques. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 88.6% of the pigs, especially coccidia (71.8%), Balantioides coli (55%), strongyles (40.2%) and Strongyloides ransomi (31.6%) which showed statistically significance (p

The increase in emerging harmful algal blooms in the last decades has led to an extensive concern in understanding the mechanisms behind these events. In this paper, we assessed the growth of two blooming dinoflagellates (Alexandrium minutum and Heterocapsa triquetra) and their susceptibility to infection by the generalist parasitoid Parvilucifera rostrata under a temperature gradient. The growth of the two dinoflagellates differed across a range of temperatures representative of the Penzé Estuary (13 to 22 °C) in early summer. A. minutum growth increased across this range and was the highest at 19 and 22 °C, whereas H. triquetra growth was maximal at intermediate temperatures (15–18 °C). Interestingly, the effect of temperature on the parasitoid infectivity changed depending on which host dinoflagellate was infected with the dinoflagellate responses to temperature following a positive trend in A. minutum (higher infections at 20–22 °C) and a unimodal trend in H. triquetra (higher infections at 18 °C). Low temperatures negatively affected parasitoid infections in both hosts (i.e., “thermal refuge”). These results demonstrate how temperature shifts may not only affect bloom development in microalgal species but also their control by parasitoids.

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings of two outbreaks of gastrointestinal nematode infections in beef cattle kept under an inadequate sanitary protocol. An outbreak of trichostrongylosis occurred in Amambai, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), from May to July 2016. The herd consisted of 3,000 Nellore cows, and of these, fifteen died after showing emaciation and diarrhea and remaining in recumbency. At necropsy, the abomasum showed edema in the folds, white, raised areas, multifocal to coalescent, and small ulcers. Histopathology showed larvae compatible with trichostrongylid nematodes were present inside the abomasum glands. Trichostrongylus axei was identify in the abomasum. The hemonchosis outbreak began in October 2018, in a breeding and finishing property in Santa Rita do Pardo, MS. Of 4,000 cattle aged 8 to 18 months, 673 became ill and 117 died. Clinical signs were emaciation, weakness, dehydration, submandibular edema, and soft stools. At necropsy, large numbers of nematodes were found in the abomasum; they were morphologically classified as Haemonchus placei. Both outbreaks were caused by failures in the parasite control protocol. However, in Outbreak I, frost and immune stress caused by lack of food may have contributed to the deaths. In Outbreak I, the main failure in the devermination protocol was the use of anthelmintics without carrying out an efficacy test. In Outbreak II, there was no parasite control protocol in the rearing and finishing property, and in the breeding property, there was resistance to the anthelmintic used (ivermectin). The two outbreaks highlight the importance of gastrointestinal nematode control protocols in cattle and demonstrate that infections by T. axei and H. placei can be lethal for this species. RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de dois surtos de verminose em bovinos de corte mantidos sob protocolo sanitário inadequado. Um surto de tricostrongilose ocorreu em Amambai, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), de maio a julho de 2016. O rebanho de cria era composto por 3.000 vacas Nelore, das quais, quinze vacas adultas morreram após apresentarem emagrecimento, diarreia e permanecerem em decúbito. Na necropsia, o abomaso apresentava edema das pregas, áreas brancacentas, elevadas, multifocais a coalescentes e pequenas úlceras. Na histopatologia, larvas compatíveis com nematódeos tricostrongilídeos estavam presentes no interior das glândulas do abomaso. A recuperação de helmintos do abomaso demonstrou que Trichostrongylus axei foi o principal agente etiológico. O surto de hemoncose iniciou-se em outubro de 2018, em uma propriedade de recria e terminação em Santa Rita do Pardo, MS. Do total de 4 mil bovinos com 8 a 18 meses, 673 adoeceram e 117 morreram. Os sinais clínicos foram emagrecimento, fraqueza, desidratação, edema submandibular e fezes pastosas. Na necropsia, havia grande quantidade de nematódeos no abomaso, que foram classificados morfologicamente como Haemonchus placei. Ambos os surtos foram causados por falhas no protocolo de controle parasitário, porém, no Surto I, geadas e estresse imunológico causado pela falta de alimento podem ter contribuído para as mortes. No Surto I, a principal falha no protocolo de desverminação foi o uso de anti-helmínticos sem a realização de teste de eficácia. No Surto II, não havia protocolo de controle parasitário na propriedade de recria e terminação, e na propriedade de cria, havia resistência ao anti-helmíntico utilizado (ivermectina). Os dois surtos ressaltam a importância dos protocolos de controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em bovinos e demonstram que infecções por T. axei e H. placei podem ser letais para esta espécie.

Digital, La Habronemosis cutánea es una enfermedad parasitaria que genera lesiones de características muy específicas en los caballos, siendo una de las más presentadas en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. La práctica empresarial fue realizada en la Clínica Veterinaria Equina San Luis, ubicada en la vereda Chile del municipio de La Estrella Antioquia, en la cual se encontró la problemática de alta casuística de habronemosis cutánea en los equinos en el último año, evidenciado en la caracterización clínica de las lesiones y estudio histopatológico de las mismas. En el espacio de la clínica se presta el servicio de alquiler de pesebreras a particulares, medicina interna equina, cirugía, hospitalización y cría. Es por lo cual, que constantemente dentro de las instalaciones de la clínica hay alto flujo de caballos, los cuales permanecen estabulados la mayoría del tiempo, al igual que en constante riesgo de ser afectados por habronemosis debido a las diversas situaciones predisponentes que se presentan sin ser manejadas debidamente. Durante mi instancia en la clínica se realizó una revisión de todas estas situaciones que predisponen al desarrollo de esta enfermedad y el desarrollo biológico de su agente causal y vectores, pretendiendo dar así un manejo adecuado a todos estos aspectos para ser implementados en el protocolo de control y prevención de la enfermedad, el cual busca generar un impacto positivo frente a la disminución de esta casuística, justificando su realización e implementación en la clínica, ya que de lo contrario las condiciones sanitarias y salubres de los caballos de la clínica se verían cada vez más afectadas. El objetivo final fue realizar un protocolo de prevención y control de la habronemosis cutánea en los caballos de la Clínica Veterinaria San Luis., Cutaneous habronemosis is a parasitic disease that generates lesions of very specific characteristics in horses, being one of the most common in tropical and subtropical areas. The business practice was carried out at the San Luis Equine Veterinary Clinic, located in the Chilean village of the municipality of La Estrella Antioquia, in which the problem of high casuistry of cutaneous habronemosis in equines was found in the last year, evidenced in the characterization clinic of the lesions and histopathological study of the same. In the clinic space, the service of renting mangers to individuals, equine internal medicine, surgery, hospitalization and breeding is provided. It is for this reason that there is constantly a high flow of horses within the clinic facilities, which remain stable most of the time, as well as in constant risk of being affected by habronemosis due to the various predisposing situations that occur without be handled properly. During my time in the clinic, a review of all these situations that predispose to the development of this disease and the biological development of its causal agent and vectors was carried out, thus trying to give an adequate management to all these aspects to be implemented in the control protocol and disease prevention, which seeks to generate a positive impact in the face of the reduction of this casuistry, justifying its realization and implementation in the clinic, since otherwise the sanitary and salubrious conditions of the clinic's horses would be seen every time most affected. The final objective was to carry out a protocol for the prevention and control of cutaneous habronemosis in the horses of the San Luis Veterinary Clinic., Pregrado, Médico Veterinario, 1 ed., Introducción .................................................................................................................................. 11 Planteamiento del Problema ......................................................................................................... 17 Justificación .................................................................................................................................. 20 Marco Teórico ............................................................................................................................... 21 Etiología ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Vectores ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Ciclo de Vida ................................................................................................................................ 23 Caracterización Clínica de las Lesiones ....................................................................................... 24 Diagnóstico ................................................................................................................................... 25 Tratamiento ................................................................................................................................... 26 Aspectos para un Protocolo de Control y Prevención de Habronemosis Cutánea Equina ........... 27 Disminuir Carga Parasitaria .......................................................................................................... 27 Control de Vectores ...................................................................................................................... 28 Estrategia / Control Cultural. ........................................................................................................ 29 Manejo de Excretas y Áreas de Compostaje................................................................................. 29 Instalaciones y Aguas Estancadas ................................................................................................. 30 Estrategia / control mecánico. ....................................................................................................... 31 Estrategia / Control Biológico. ..................................................................................................... 31 Estrategia / Control Químico. ....................................................................................................... 31 Tratamiento de Superficies ........................................................................................................... 33 Tratamiento de Estiércol y Sustratos ............................................................................................ 33 Fumigación Ambiental.................................................................................................................. 33 Cebos............................................................................................................................................. 34 Marco Referencial ......................................................................................................................... 35 Objetivos ....................................................................................................................................... 37 Objetivo General ........................................................................................................................... 37 Objetivos Específicos.................................................................................................................... 37 Metodología .................................................................................................................................. 38 Lugar de Ejecución ....................................................................................................................... 38 Recolección de la Información ..................................................................................................... 38 Recolección de Evidencias ........................................................................................................... 39 Identificación de Situaciones que Facilitan la Presentación de la Enfermedad ............................ 41 Revisión de Protocolos ................................................................................................................. 43 Elaboración del Protocolo ............................................................................................................. 44 Resultados ..................................................................................................................................... 45 Resultado de la Casuística de Habronemosis Cutánea en el Último Año ..................................... 45 Protocolo de Control y Prevención para Habronemosis Cutánea ................................................. 45 Protocolos de Investigación .......................................................................................................... 46 Resultados en el Manejo de las Situaciones que Facilitan la Presentación de Habronemosis Cutánea ......................................................................................................................................... 46 Discusión....................................................................................................................................... 50 Conclusiones ................................................................................................................................. 52 Referencias Bibliográficas ............................................................................................................ 54 Apéndices ...................................................................................................................................... 59

Simple Summary Response of live weight, body-condition score (BCS) depth of musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum (MLTL) and back-fat thickness after infections with Eimeria sp. (EIM) and strongylid nematodes (STR) was investigated in a selected flock of dairy goats throughout the lactation period. Regression–correlation analysis demonstrated a significant interrelation of BCS to EIM exposure (BCS = 2.752 − 0.666 × 10−3 × EIM; r = −0.198). Goat nutritional status was not significantly correlated with STR infection. A linear tendency (p = 0.092), however, was detected for the response of MLTL to STR infection. An increase in infection intensity of 1000 eggs per gramme was accompanied by a 0.3 mm decrease in MLLT. Abstract Thirty goats of the breeds Czech Brown Shorthaired and Czech White Shorthaired and their crosses were randomly selected from a flock at a farm in the Czech Republic. All animals were monitored for one year at monthly intervals for their nutritional status (live weight, LW; body-condition score, BCS; depth of musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum, MLTL; back-fat thickness, BT) and infection intensity with Eimeria sp. (EIM) and strongylid nematodes (STR). Regression–correlation analysis showed a possible interrelation of BCS with EIM infection. Analysis of muscle and fat reserves indicated that BT was better than MLTL in identifying EIM infection. Goat nutritional status was not significantly correlated with STR infection. A linear tendency (p = 0.092), however, was detected for the response of MLTL to STR infection. Results of this study indicated theoretical use of BCS for Eimeria identification and suggested some perspective of BCS for targeting animals infected by strongylid nematode. Validity of our results, however, was limited by number of observed animals managed under specific breeding conditions.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A produção de ovinos enfrenta diversos desafios sanitários, entre eles, a parasitose gastrintestinal, causada principalmente por Haemonchus contortus, nematódeo hematófago, patogênico, de difícil controle e que gera graves perdas nos rebanhos. A prática de manejo da pastagem possibilita a diminuição da contaminação do ambiente com estádios infectantes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do método do lotação sobre a carga parasitária em ovinos e a contaminação do pasto de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu/ Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu por larvas infectantes, durante o período chuvoso na região do Cerrado. O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Pequenos Ruminantes da Fazenda Experimental Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2017 e de março a maio de 2018. Foi utilizado um delineamento em bloco ao acaso com dois tratamentos, lotação contínua (LC) e lotação intermitente (LI) e nove repetições por bloco e tratamento, em 12 piquetes. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa corporal (MC), escore de condição corporal (ECC), exames coproparastiológicos (OPG e coprocultura), método FAMACHA©, recuperação de larvas infectantes (L3) do pasto e média de L3 por kg de matéria seca (MS) por meio de coletas de pasto no pré e pós pastejo de cada piquete manejado em LI; e uma vez a cada 21 dias nos piquetes mantidos sob LC. Não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) para as variáveis MC, ECC, assim como para carga parasitária e contaminação do pasto por L3 de estrongilídeos entre os tratamentos LI e LC durante os dois anos de experimento. Nos exames coproparasitológicos foram encontrados ovos de estrongilídeos, Strongyloides spp., Moniezia spp. e oocistos de Eimeria spp.. Na coprocultura, Haemonchus sp. foi detectado como o gênero de maior prevalência.. Porém a recuperação de L3/g MS foi maior no pasto sob LC do que naquele manejado em LI durante o terceiro ciclo de 2017. Os métodos de lotação contínua ou intermitente não influenciaram na carga parasitária de ovelhas gestantes assim como na contaminação do pasto por larvas infectantes. Sheep production faces a variety of health challenges, including gastrointestinal parasitosis, mainly caused by Haemonchus contortus, hematophagous nematode, pathogenic, hard control, and which causes severe losses in herds. The pasture management practices allow the reduction of contamination of the environment with infective stages. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the stocking method on loading of parasites and the contamination of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu / Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu by infective larvae during the rainy season in the Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the Small Ruminant Sector of Capim Branco Experimental Farm, Federal University of Uberlandia, from February to April 2017 and from March to May 2018. A randomized block design was used with two treatments, continuous (LC) and intermittent (LI), and nine subjects per block and treatment in 12 paddocks. The variables evaluated in sheep were body mass (MC), body condition score (ECC), fecal egg counts (FEC), FAMACHA© System. To evaluate the dynamics of pasture contamination, there was evaluated the number of infective larvae (L3) and average L3 per kg of dry matter (L3/MS) by means of pasture collections both pre and post grazing of each area managed in LI; and once every 21 days on areas maintained under LC. There were no statistical differences (p> 0.05) for MC, ECC, as well as for loading parasites and L3 grass contamination between the LI and LC treatments during the two years of experiment. In the coproparasitological examinations were found Strongylid, Strongyloides spp., Moniezia spp. eggs as well as Eimeria spp. oocysts. The most prevalent genus detected in coproculture were Haemonchus spp. with 68.5% in LC and 87.5% in LI, and Trichostrongylus spp. in the LC and LI groups, with 31% and 12%, respectively. The recovery of L3 / g MS was higher in pasture under LC than in that managed in LI during the third cycle of 2017. The continuous or intermittent stocking method did not influenced on the parasitosis level in pregnant sheep such as in the contamination of the grass by infective larvae. Dissertação (Mestrado)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade acaricida in vitro de extratos vegetais de Glechon spathulata (manjeroninha do campo) sobre teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Fêmeas ingurgitadas desse carrapato foram coletadas de bovinos mestiços de uma propriedade do município de São Pedro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A experimentação in vitro consistiu na realização de testes de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas. O extrato bruto seco e a fração clorofórmica utilizados nos testes in vitro foram preparados na concentração de 2% e diluídos em água e etanol, sendo todos os tratamentos realizados em triplicata. O extrato bruto seco de G. spathulata retomado em etanol a 70% apresentou uma eficácia média de 99%, enquanto que quando o mesmo extrato foi diluído em água, demonstrou eficácia média de 72%. Observou-se que no controle etanol a 70% houve diferença na eclodibilidade dos ovos, porém não interferiu no peso da postura. A fração clorofórmica de G. spathulata não apresentou eficácia no ensaio efetuado. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo demonstraram que o extrato hidroetanólico a 70% de G. spathulata apresenta eficácia acaricida in vitro. Este estudo é o primeiro relato de ação acaricida de G. spathulata.The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricide efficiency of Glechon spathulata extracts on engorged females of Rhipcephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Engorged ticks were collected from crossbred cattle from one farm in São Pedro do Sul municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. in vitro experiments consisted on the immersion tests of engorged females in solutions of G. spathulata, where treatments were made at triplicate with fractions and extracts at 2% concentration, diluted in water and ethanol. Crude dry extract of G. spathulata suspended in 70% ethanol presented an efficiency average of 99%, while the same extract diluted in water demonstrated efficiency average of 72%. It was observed in 70% ethanol control difference in egg eclodibility; however there was no interference in egg weight. The chloroform fraction of G. spathulata showed no efficacy in the test. The results obtained suggest that the hydroethanolic extract at 70% of G. spathulata has significant acaricide activity in vitro. This research is the first communication of acaricidal effect of. G. spathulata.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T16:53:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-28T17:00:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN2052-5958-2013-01-01-01-05.pdf: 616539 bytes, checksum: b528b9cbe8759f9ac68867bda3bae0b7 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Considering the great importance that the infection by Toxoplasma gondii has in public health, the aim of this article was to demonstrate some aspects about this disease in human being. This parasite can cause several behavioral changes and many cases of reactivation of this disease are associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome – AIDS. Major cases of human infections by T. gondii are assymptomatic and the main clinical manifestation in the acute phase of this zoonosis is lymphadenopathy, usually in the cervical area. There may also be fever, night sweats, myalgia, maculopapular rash lymphocytic atypia and chorioretinitis. The congenital and/or acquired chronic latent cerebral toxoplasmosis play an important role in the development of some types of neurodegeneration, like Alzheimer disease and Down Syndrome. Humans and animals should not consume raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized or not boiled dairy products, water without being treated and poorly washed fruits and vegetables. Educational programs focused on reducing T. gondii environmental contamination are essential for the congenital infection control. Due to the severity of this kind of infection and its sequel, it is critical that those responsible for the community’s health establish prevention programs to avoid such a situation, obtaining results in the medium and long term, and particularly preserving the involved population’s welfare. A lack or incomplete prenatal treatment was identified as an important risk factor for congenital toxoplasmosis, reinforcing the need of improvement of prenatal care. In this study was demonstrated the importance of implementing prevention programs to guide pregnant women to prevent the infection. Preventive measures like information and health education; screening of pregnant women and infants; limiting harm from risk behaviour; treatment of risk cases and vaccination are recommended. Serum monitoring throughout pregnancy, so as detect cases of maternal seroconversion allowing for early maternal treatment is also basic. Some countries have adopted control programs of human toxoplasmosis, however, this issue should be of world attention, considering its relevant aspects of public health, requiring the establishment of community education campaigns and monitoring of pregnant women in the pre and neonatal, especially in a preventive action to reduce the pathogenic effects of this disease. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba (FMVA), Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Jardim D. Amélia, CEP 16050680, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil Faculdades Integradas de Itapetininga, Fundação Karnig Bazarian (FKB), Itapetininga, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Londrina, PR, Brasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Institutos de Biologia e Computação, Campinas, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba (FMVA), Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Jardim D. Amélia, CEP 16050680, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade acaricida in vitro de extratos vegetais de Glechon spathulata (manjeroninha do campo) sobre teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Fêmeas ingurgitadas desse carrapato foram coletadas de bovinos mestiços de uma propriedade do município de São Pedro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A experimentação in vitro consistiu na realização de testes de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas. O extrato bruto seco e a fração clorofórmica utilizados nos testes in vitro foram preparados na concentração de 2% e diluídos em água e etanol, sendo todos os tratamentos realizados em triplicata. O extrato bruto seco de G. spathulata retomado em etanol a 70% apresentou uma eficácia média de 99%, enquanto que quando o mesmo extrato foi diluído em água, demonstrou eficácia média de 72%. Observou-se que no controle etanol a 70% houve diferença na eclodibilidade dos ovos, porém não interferiu no peso da postura. A fração clorofórmica de G. spathulata não apresentou eficácia no ensaio efetuado. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo demonstraram que o extrato hidroetanólico a 70% de G. spathulata apresenta eficácia acaricida in vitro. Este estudo é o primeiro relato de ação acaricida de G. spathulata. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricide efficiency of Glechon spathulata extracts on engorged females of Rhipcephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Engorged ticks were collected from crossbred cattle from one farm in São Pedro do Sul municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. in vitro experiments consisted on the immersion tests of engorged females in solutions of G. spathulata, where treatments were made at triplicate with fractions and extracts at 2% concentration, diluted in water and ethanol. Crude dry extract of G. spathulata suspended in 70% ethanol presented an efficiency average of 99%, while the same extract diluted in water demonstrated efficiency average of 72%. It was observed in 70% ethanol control difference in egg eclodibility; however there was no interference in egg weight. The chloroform fraction of G. spathulata showed no efficacy in the test. The results obtained suggest that the hydroethanolic extract at 70% of G. spathulata has significant acaricide activity in vitro. This research is the first communication of acaricidal effect of. G. spathulata.