Search

This study identified characteristics in the notifications related to sexual violence (SV) against girls and boys registered in the Violence and Accidents Monitoring System (VIVA; SINAN/NET) of the city of João Pessoa, between 2017 and 2020. This was a documental, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A total of 255 notifications were analyzed. The data showed that the majority of the notified cases were related to pre-adolescents, of mixed race and female. Most of the notifications reported only one incident. The overall case shows that the abuse took place in the home, with a male abuser, being the victim’s boyfriend. The time that elapsed between the incident and disclosing was longer in the cases of adolescents [t(253)=-2,75, p=.001]; and rapes were more observed against girls (χ2=12.305/df=4, p=.015). There was a tendency for repetition when the rape occurred in the home χ2(30)=178.74, (p

In recent years, the number of reported cases of child abuse has increased. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of child abuse encounters among hospital nurses and the factors that influence nursesʼ reporting behavior when they encounter child abuse. Questionnaire survey was administered to nurses at 4 hospitals (municipal, public, university, and private) who agreed to cooperate with the survey in City A. Responses were received from 145 (55.3% response rate). hospital Nurses were encountering abused children who were physically abused or neglected. The detailed items that showed significant associations as influencing factors were individual attributes were a long history of nursing. Nursesʼ recognition of child abuse were items of neglect and psychological abuse. Within hospital support was those who responded according to the manual. Nurses need to understand that they may continue to encounter cases of physical abuse and neglect. In case of neglect, to notice minute changes through observation and analysis based on years of experience. And if nurses can follow the activities in the manual, it may lead to notification actions. On the other hand, Nurses are well understand child abuse, but behavior that tends to be socially acceptable is difficult to view as abuse. In the future, it will be important to raise recognition of child abuse and to create a manual that makes use of experience to prevent erroneous judgments and actions, and to inform people to act according to the manual. This study found that hospital nurses in City A had encountered children who had been physically abused or neglected. Three factors were identified as influencing nursesʼ child abuse reporting behavior in neglect cases, personal attributes, hospital support, and nursesʼ recognition of child abuse., P

Resumo: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), estima-se que 1,6 milhão de mortes e 10,6 milhões de casos de tuberculose (TB) ocorreram no mundo em 2021. Quando a doença é oportunamente tratada com o esquema terapêutico recomendado, 85% dos pacientes se curam. A ocorrência de óbito por TB sem notificação anterior denuncia falhas no acesso ao tratamento oportuno e efetivo. Sendo assim, este estudo objetivou caracterizar os casos de TB notificados pós-óbito no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo caso-controle aninhado na coorte de casos novos de TB notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As variáveis analisadas foram: características selecionadas do indivíduo (sexo, idade, raça/cor, escolaridade), do município (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal - IDH-M, taxa de pobreza, porte municipal, região e município), dos serviços de saúde e causa básica ou associada de morte. Foi estimada regressão logística respeitando um modelo de análise hierárquico. Pessoas com TB de 60 anos de idade ou mais (OR = 1,43), de baixa escolaridade (OR = 1,67), com desnutrição (OR = 5,54), residentes em municípios com baixo IDH-M, de porte populacional médio (OR = 1,26), na Região Norte (OR = 2,42) apresentaram maior chance de notificação pós-óbito. Fatores protetores foram coinfecção HIV-TB (OR = 0,75), neoplasias malignas (OR = 0,62) e residência em municípios com alta cobertura de atenção básica (OR = 0,79). A priorização das populações vulneráveis é necessária para enfrentar as dificuldades de acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento da TB no Brasil. Resumen: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que en 2021 se produjeron 1,6 millones de muertes por tuberculosis (TB) y 10,6 millones de casos de esta afección por todo el mundo. Si los pacientes siguen el tratamiento recomendado para la TB, un 85% logran la cura. Las muertes por TB sin notificación previa de caso indican fallas en el acceso a este tratamiento oportuno y efectivo. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los casos de TB que tuvieron notificación posterior a la muerte en Brasil. Este es un estudio de caso-control anidado dentro de la cohorte de nuevos casos de TB informados al Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria (SINAN). Las siguientes variables fueron analizadas: características seleccionadas del individuo (sexo, edad, etnia/color, nivel de instrucción) y del municipio (Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal -IDH-M, tasa de pobreza, tamaño del municipio, región y municipio), servicios de salud y condiciones y causa de la muerte o su asociación. La regresión logística se estimó desde un modelo de análisis jerárquico. Las personas con TB de 60 años o más (OR = 1,43), con bajo nivel de instrucción (OR = 1,67), con desnutrición (OR = 5,54), residentes en municipios con bajo IDH-M, de tamaño poblacional medio (OR = 1,26) y en la Región Norte (OR = 2,42) tuvieron mayor probabilidad de notificación posterior a la muerte. Los factores protectores fueron la coinfección VIH-TB (OR = 0,75), neoplasias malignas (OR = 0,62) y vivir en ciudades con alta cobertura de atención primaria (OR = 0,79). Es necesario priorizar las poblaciones vulnerables para enfrentar las dificultades de acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la TB en Brasil. Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.6 million deaths and 10.6 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported worldwide in 2021. If treated opportunely with the recommended therapy, 85% of patients with TB are healed. The occurrence of death from TB without prior notification of the disease indicates failure in the timely access to this effective treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify TB cases with post-mortem notification in Brazil. This is a nested case-control study using a cohort of new TB cases reported to the Braziliam Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). This study analyzed the following variables: selected characteristics of the individual (gender, age, race/color, education), the municipality (Municipality Human Development Index - M-HDI, poverty rate, size, region, and municipality), health services, and underlying or associated cause of death. Logistic regression was estimated using a hierarchical analysis model. People with TB aged 60 years or older (OR = 1.43), with low educational level (OR = 1.67), and with malnutrition (OR = 5.54), living in municipalities with low M-HDI and medium population size (OR = 1.26), located in the North Region of Brazil (OR = 2.42) had a higher chance of post-mortem notification. Protective factors were HIV-TB coinfection (OR = 0.75), malignant neoplasms (OR = 0.62), and living in cities with broad primary care coverage (OR = 0.79). Vulnerable populations should be prioritized in order to address the obstacles to the access to TB diagnosis and treatment in Brazil.

Objectives: to analyze differences between violence against children and adolescents according to characteristics of cases, probable perpetrators, occurrences and typologies and compare their temporal and spatial distributions. Methods: data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), Maranhão, from 2009-2019. Results: 4,457 notifications of violence against children and 5,826 against adolescents were analyzed. In the 11 years investigated, violence against children was more frequent in 2015 and 2016 and in five of the 19 Maranhão Health Regions. Violence against males was more frequent in childhood and against females prevailed mostly in adolescence (p

In Germany, Saxony is the only federal state where the detection of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-positive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has to be notified to the local health authority (LHA). The LHA reports the case to the state health authority and introduces concrete infection control measures. We analyzed isolates from the respective cases in 2019, which were collected in local microbiological laboratories and sent to the National Reference Centre (NRC) for Staphylococci and Enterococci for strain characterization and typing. Antibiotic resistance testing was done by broth microdilution. Molecular characterization was performed using spa and SCCmec typing, MLST, and the PCR detection of marker genes associated with distinct MRSA lineages. Demographic and clinical data of the individual cases were assessed and the LHA performed epidemiological investigations. Thirty-nine (index) persons, diagnosed with a PVL-positive MRSA, were initially reported to the LHA. Most patients suffered from skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI). For 21 of the index cases, household contacts were screened for MRSA. Seventeen out of 62 contacts were also colonized with a PVL-positive MRSA. The median age of altogether 58 individuals was 23.5 years. In over half of the cases, the home country was not Germany and/or a history of travel or migration was reported. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of various epidemic community-associated MRSA lineages, with “USA300”, including the North American Epidemic (ST8-MRSA-IVa) and the South American Epidemic Clone (ST8-MRSA-IVc), the “Sri Lankan Clone” (ST5-MRSA-IVc), and the “Bengal Bay Clone” (ST772-MRSA-V) being more prevalent. In eight out of nine households, the contact persons were colonized with the same clone as the respective index case, suggesting a close epidemic and microbiological link. The obligation to report PVL-positive MRSA enables us to detect the occurrence of PVL-producing MRSA and its spread in the population as early as possible. Timely detection allows the targeted deployment of reliable anti-infective measures.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as notificações de incidentes ocorridos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudo com delineamento transversal de abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritivo exploratório. Foram analisadas 1.466 notificações à gerência de risco de um hospital privado, no período de setembro de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Utilizou-se a análise estatística descritiva, aplicando o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou o teste da Razão de Verossimilhança. A margem de erro utilizada foi de 5%. Resultados Identificou-se como incidentes prevalentes a falha na comunicação (358 - 24,5%), falha no uso de sondas e cateteres (232 – 15,9%) e falha no uso de artigos e equipamentos (132 – 9,1%). A circunstância notificável totalizou (55,9%) dos relatos e destas, (33,4%) eram falha na comunicação. Os eventos adversos foram em número de 416 (28,6%) e a queda esteve relacionada a dano leve (43,9%); Infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde ao dano moderado (31%) e a falha no uso de medicamentos a (50%) como dano grave e óbito. Conclusão Falha na comunicação foi a circunstância de risco mais notificada, seguida de falha no uso de medicamentos como evento adverso com dano grave. A unidade de enfermaria evidenciou a possibilidade de maior número de eventos adversos; enquanto que nas unidades de terapia intensiva o grau de dano dos eventos adversos foi superior. Resumen Objetivo Analizar las notificaciones de incidentes ocurridos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudio con diseño transversal de enfoque cuantitativo del tipo descriptivo exploratorio. Se analizaron 1.466 notificaciones de la gestión de riesgo de un hospital privado, en el período de septiembre de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo, aplicando la prueba χ2 de Pearson o la prueba de razón de verosimilitud. El margen de error utilizado fue del 5 %. Resultados Se identificaron como incidentes prevalentes la falla en la comunicación (358 - 24,5 %), falla en el uso de sondas y de catéteres (232 – 15,9 %) y falla en el uso de artículos y equipos (132 – 9,1 %). Las circunstancias que pueden ser notificadas totalizaron (55,9 %) de los relatos y, entre ellas, (33,4 %) era una falla en la comunicación. Los eventos adversos totalizaron 416 (28,6 %) y la disminución estuvo relacionada con el daño leve (43,9 %); infección relacionada con la atención a la salud al daño moderado (31 %) y a la falla al usar medicamentos (50 %) como daño grave y defunción. Conclusión La falla en la comunicación fue la circunstancia de riesgo más notificada, seguida de falla al usar medicamentos como evento adverso con daño grave. La unidad de enfermería evidenció la posibilidad de un número más elevado de eventos adversos; mientras que en las unidades de terapia intensiva el grado de daño de los eventos adversos fue superior. Abstract Objective To review notification of incidents that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional, exploratory descriptive quantitative study. A total of 1,466 notifications to risk management of a private hospital were analyzed from September 2020 to September 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis was used, applying Pearson’s chi-square test or the likelihood ratio test. The margin of error used was 5%. Results Communication failure (358 - 24.5%), probe and catheter use failure (232 - 15.9%) and article and equipment use failure (132 - 9.1%) were identified as prevalent incidents. The notifiable circumstance totaled 55.9% of reports, and, of these, 33.4% were communication failure. Adverse events were 416 (28.6%), and fall was related to mild damage (43.9%), health care-associated infections, to moderate harm (31%), and medication use failure (50%), to severe harm and death. Conclusion Communication failure was the most reported risk circumstance, followed by medication use failure as an adverse event with severe harm. The nursing unit showed the possibility of a greater number of adverse events, while in Intensive Care Units, the degree of harm from adverse events was higher.

All matriculation students are required to engage in the co-curricular programme, where they will have the opportunity to organize co-curricular events in groups. Programmes, events, or co-curricular activities organized will be advertised through social media platforms like Telegram and WhatsApp to draw participants. Study found that the current method of delivering programme information, events, or extracurricular activities is less effective due to problems such as the information being disseminated through various applications and not all channels or chat groups receiving it. Therefore, the main objective of the development of Selangor Matriculation College Information Announcement and Notification System (SMC-IANS), which is web-based system, is to facilitate the dissemination of any programme information, events, or co-curricular activities to all SMC students. As a result of the development of SMC-IANS, students will find it easier to find and access programme information, events, or extracurricular activities. In addition, this system can give them the opportunity to assist one another via the provided discussion forum page. Furthermore, the system is applicable to any student-based organization such as Polytechnics, universities, private organizations, or small organizations. This web-based system can be developed further into an application that is easier to use and accessible at any time. SMC-IANS is equipped with security features like password validation, to ensure the security of the user's account, ‘password hashing’ using the BCrypt algorithm, and HTTPS to guard against unauthorized access. Also, based on the Technology Readiness Level (TRL), SMCIANS is now at TRL 6, where the system has been demonstrated with the help of SMC students in a relevant environment and has the potential to meet the minimum requirements and specifications for its intended use. The next step is being arranged to move forward and reach the next level of TRL.

Several Proficiency Test (PT) or External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are currently available for assessing the ability of laboratories to detect and characterize enteropathogenic bacteria, but they are usually targeting one sector, covering either public health, food safety or animal health. In addition to sector-specific PTs/EQAs for detection, cross-sectoral panels would be useful for assessment of the capacity to detect and characterize foodborne pathogens in a One Health (OH) perspective and further improving food safety and interpretation of cross-sectoral surveillance data. The aims of the study were to assess the cross-sectoral capability of European public health, animal health and food safety laboratories to detect, characterize and notify findings of the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica, and to develop recommendations for future cross-sectoral PTs and EQAs within OH. The PT/EQA scheme developed within this study consisted of a test panel of five samples, designed to represent a theoretical outbreak scenario.

IntroductionSeveral Proficiency Test (PT) or External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are currently available for assessing the ability of laboratories to detect and characterize enteropathogenic bacteria, but they are usually targeting one sector, covering either public health, food safety or animal health. In addition to sector-specific PTs/EQAs for detection, cross-sectoral panels would be useful for assessment of the capacity to detect and characterize foodborne pathogens in a One Health (OH) perspective and further improving food safety and interpretation of cross-sectoral surveillance data. The aims of the study were to assess the cross-sectoral capability of European public health, animal health and food safety laboratories to detect, characterize and notify findings of the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica, and to develop recommendations for future cross-sectoral PTs and EQAs within OH. The PT/EQA scheme developed within this study consisted of a test panel of five samples, designed to represent a theoretical outbreak scenario.MethodsA total of 15 laboratories from animal health, public health and food safety sectors were enrolled in eight countries: Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The laboratories analyzed the samples according to the methods used in the laboratory and reported the target organisms at species level, and if applicable, serovar for Salmonella and bioserotype for Yersinia.ResultsAll 15 laboratories analyzed the samples for Salmonella, 13 for Campylobacter and 11 for Yersinia. Analytical errors were predominately false negative results. One sample (S. Stockholm and Y. enterocolitica O:3/BT4) with lower concentrations of target organisms was especially challenging, resulting in six out of seven false negative results. These findings were associated with laboratories using smaller sample sizes and not using enrichment methods. Detection of Salmonella was most commonly mandatory to notify within the three sectors in the eight countries participating in the pilot whereas findings of Campylobacter and Y. enterocolitica were notifiable from human samples, but less commonly from animal and food samples.DiscussionThe results of the pilot PT/EQA conducted in this study confirmed the possibility to apply a cross-sectoral approach for assessment of the joint OH capacity to detect and characterize foodborne pathogens.

RESUMO: Objetivo: comparar incidentes de segurança do paciente notificados, relativos à processo/procedimento clínico entre pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19 confirmado laboratorialmente e com Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) causada por outro agente infeccioso ou indeterminado e demais pacientes. Desenvolvimento: estudo retrospectivo, documental e aprovado em comitê de ética, em hospital público de ensino no sul do Brasil. Utilizaramse 2.191 notificações e registros de COVID-19 entre os meses de março a setembro de 2020. Dados submetidos à análise descritiva com frequências das variáveis no conjunto, Teste de Fisher para verificação de associações entre desfechos (classificação / processo/problema) e cálculo do risco relativo para verificação de sua intensidade. Lesões por pressão incidiram em quase 3,7 vezes mais em pacientes com SRAG. Nos demais, predominaram incidentes relacionados a sondagens diversas e ao processo cirúrgico. Conclusão: destacam-se como relevantes a assistência de enfermagem intensiva aos pacientes com SRAG, gestão de riscos e fortalecimento de boas práticas para a segurança de todos os pacientes. ABSTRACT Objective: Compare reported patient safety incidents related to a clinical process/procedure among patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by another infectious or undetermined agent and the other patients. Results and discussion: retrospective, documentary study approved by the ethics committee in a public teaching hospital in southern Brazil. In the study, 2,191 notifications and records of COVID-19 between March and September 2020 were used. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis with frequencies of the variables in the data set, Fisher’s test to determine the associations between outcomes (classification/process/problem) and calculation of relative risk to measure its strength. The incidence of pressure ulcers was almost 3.7 times higher in patients with SARS. In the others, various tube-related incidents and events associated to the surgical process predominated. Conclusion: Intensive nursing care for patients with SARS, risk management and strengthening of good practices for the safety of all patients were relevant. RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los incidentes de seguridad del paciente notificados relacionados con el proceso/procedimiento clínico entre pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado por laboratorio de COVID-19 y con síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SRAS) causado por otro agente infeccioso o indeterminado y otros pacientes. Desarrollo: Estudio retrospectivo, documental, aprobado por el comité de ética, en un hospital público de enseñanza del sur de Brasil. Se utilizaron 2.191 notificaciones y registros de COVID-19 entre los meses de marzo y septiembre de 2020. Datos sometidos a análisis descriptivo con frecuencias de las variables del conjunto, prueba de Fisher para verificar asociaciones entre resultados (clasificación / proceso / problema) y cálculo del riesgo relativo para verificar su intensidad. Las lesiones por presión fueron casi 3,7 veces más frecuentes en los pacientes con SRAS. Entre ellos, predominan los incidentes relacionados con sondeos diversos y con el proceso quirúrgico. Conclusión: se destacan como relevantes la asistencia de enfermería intensiva a los pacientes con SRAS, la gestión de riesgos y el fortalecimiento de buenas prácticas para la seguridad de todos los pacientes.

This research was conducted to increase the productivity of farmers and to plan the planting of crops by farmers when using a hydroponics system that controls various environmental conditions, in which plant growth factors such as temperature, humidity, water temperature, pH and electrical conductivity are important factors for hydroponics. The Internet of Things control and notifications enabling farmers to quickly modify and improve their crop treatment. This research focuses on use of the Internet of Things to control plant growth factors. Displays and alerts are communicated to the user through a web application where, when comparing plants with controlled growth factors and unregulated systems, it can be seen controlled plant growth factors are in the desired range of the plant, whereas in uncontrolled systems there are unwanted values range of plant, which can cause the plant to not fully grow or even to wither. In this system, farmers are able to view plant growth factor data and can retrospectively view graphs displayed on the web application by this controlled system when the measuring sensors in the system are in range that plants do not want. It prompts farmers to manage the system, which allows them to fix the system quickly and with minimal damage to crops.

[ES] Las notificaciones que realiza la Administración han sufrido un gran cambio con los avances de la tecnología, de tal forma que se ha venido sustituyendo la forma habitual de comunicación entre Administración y los ciudadanos hasta el punto de que resulta habitual y generalizado el uso de las notificaciones electrónicas. Por supuesto, el ámbito del Derecho Tributario no ha sido menos adhiriéndose a dicho sistema. Por ello, resulta necesario abordar temas como su regulación, requisitos, las garantías que tiene el obligado tributario, la eficacia y por supuesto, los posibles problemas que puede acarrear. [EN] The notifications issued by the Administration have experienced a significant change due to the latest technological developments, to the extent that the traditional means of communication between the Administration and citizens have been replaced to the point that the standard and generalized use of electronic notifications has become commonplace. Of course, the field of Tax Law has been equally adhering to this system. Therefore, it is necessary to address issues such as its regulation, requirements, safeguards for the taxpayer, effectiveness and, of course, the potential problems that may arise.

RESUMO A alta incidência da violência física contra a criança e o adolescente no Brasil aponta a necessidade urgente de elaboração de políticas públicas para enfrentar e prevenir esse problema. Objetivou-se estudar o perfil da violência física doméstica contra a criança e o adolescente no Brasil e regiões, no período de 2009 a 2019. Estudo descritivo, epidemiológico, baseado em dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan-NET) e sistema TabWin. A maior taxa de violência física doméstica se refere a meninas de 10 a 14 anos (248 por 100 mil habitantes). Em relação a crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino, a faixa etária com maior taxa de violência física é de zero a 4 a anos (232 por 100 mil habitantes). A população indígena possui as maiores taxas de violência em todas as regiões. Pai e mãe são os agressores mais frequentes (41,13% e 39,84% respectivamente). Meninos são mais suscetíveis à violência física doméstica na infância, e meninas, na adolescência. A faixa etária mais acometida por violência física doméstica é de zero a 4 anos, e as raças mais acometidas são a indígena e a parda. Na maior parte das vezes, a violência aconteceu dentro de casa. ABSTRACT The high incidence of physical violence against children and adolescents in Brazil points to the urgent need to develop public policies to address and prevent the problem. The present study is characterized as a descriptive epidemiological study of time-series, based on secondary data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN-NET, in Portuguese) and TABWIN system. The highest rate of domestic physical violence refers to girls aged 10 to 14 years (248 per 100 thousand inhabitants). In relation to male children and adolescents, the age group with the highest rate of physical violence is from 0 to 4 years (232 per 100 thousand inhabitants). The indigenous population has the highest rates of violence in all regions. Father and mother are the most frequent aggressors (41.13% and 39.84%, respectively). The present study identified that boys are more susceptible to physical domestic violence in childhood and girls in adolescence. The age group that is most affected by physical domestic violence is 0 to 4 years old. The races that are most affected by violence are indigenous and brown. Most of the times, violence happened at home.

Iako cesija nije postojala kao poseban institut u rimskom privatnom pravu, još od starog civilnog prava počinje se razvijati u praksi, a učinci iste ostvarivati u postupcima in iure cessio i cessio bonorum. Nakon obrade potonjih postupaka koji su predstavljali univerzalnu sukcesiju, u radu su analizirane sljedeće etape razvoja kojima se u praksi pokušavao pronaći način za postizanje pojedinačnog prijenosa tražbina, od kojih je prvi takav način bio novacija na temelju aktivne delegacije. Zbog nedostataka istoga, učinci cesije su se sljedeće pokušali ostvariti na temelju mandata za zastupanje u postupku pred sudom, a zbog nesigurnosti danog mandata, razvoj instituta je dalje išao u smjeru davanja cesionaru actio utilis i uvođenjem instituta denuntiatio, koji se u svojoj biti zadržao do današnjeg dana. Nakon detaljnijeg uvida u izvore klasičnog prava, osvrt je dan i na postklasične izmjene, u prvom redu ostvarene donošenjem propisa za suzbijanje zlouporaba, od kojih je najznačajniji bio Lex Anastasiana. Institut cesije u suvremenom hrvatskom pravu, koji je predmet obrade u drugom dijelu rada, reguliran je u Zakonu o obveznim odnosima iz 2005. kao promjena na strani subjekata obveznog odnosa. Zakonska regulacija, osim općih odredaba, obuhvaća detaljno uređenje međusobnih odnosa subjekata te posebne slučajeve cesije, pri čemu su u radu izloženi i određeni slučajevi iz sudske prakse kroz koje se također može vidjeti održanje rimske pravne tradicije u pogledu cesije i danas., Although the cessio did not exist as a separate institution in Roman private law, it began to develop in practice from the old civil law, and its effects were realized in proceedings such as in iure cessio and cessio bonorum. After dealing with the latter procedures which represented universal succession, it is further analysed how the Romans tried in practice to find a way to achieve an individual transfer of claim; the first such way was a novation (novatio) based on active delegation. Due to its shortcomings, next, the effects of the cession were sought to be realized on the basis of the mandate for representation in the procedure before the court, and due to the uncertainty of the given mandate, the development of institute went further in the direction of giving the assignee an actio utilis and by introducing the denuntiatio, which in its essence has remained until today. After a more detailed insight into the sources from classical law, there is also a review of postclassical changes, made in first place by passing laws with purpose to repress misuses, the most significant of which was the Lex Anastasiana. In modern Croatian law, which is examined in the other part, the institution of cession is regulated in the Obligations Act (2005) as a change on the part of the subjects of the obligatory relationship. The legal regulation, apart from general provisions, includes mutual relations between subjects and special cases of cession, whereby the author has also presented the cases from judicial practice which show the permanence of Roman legal tradition with regard to the cession even today.

Water quality is an important factor for fish koi cultivation. Poor water quality such as inappropriate temperature, pH, and turbidity can disrupt metabolic processes, inhibit growth and cause death in koi fish. Apart from that, feeding and checking water quality are still done manually. Because of this, we need a system that can monitor and control the feeding, temperature, and water quality according to the living environment of koi fish. In this study the system was built on an Android-based mobile application using the flutter framework. In addition, the system has a notification to provide information on changes in sensor readings in real time to users. The notifications are changes in temperature, pH, turbidity, water level, feed level and changes in control device modes. Testing the water temperature readings obtained a relative error value of 0,66%, water turbidity readings obtained an error value of 8,79%, water pH readings obtained a relative error value of 2,45%, water level readings obtained an error relative value of 1,57% and feed availability readings obtained an error value of 3,1%.

Wildfires kill and injure people, destroy residences, pollute the air, and cause economic loss. In this paper, a low-power Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor network is developed, which automatically detects fires in forests and sends the location to a central monitoring station with smartphone notifications in a real-time setting. This action helps in the early detection of a fire and firefighters can be notified immediately—thus the spread of the fire and the harm caused by it can be reduced. The proposed system detects fires from the presence of smoke and a sudden increase in temperature. The system also logs the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, rain, light, and wind speed in different areas of the forest. The sensor nodes transmit the data to a hub using a long-range wireless transmitter and the hub then sends the data to the central monitoring station using the cellular Internet. The sensor nodes and hub are designed with ultra-low-power hardware and software architecture, consuming current of only 0.37 and 1.4 mA, respectively, so that they can be powered by solar panels throughout the year. The central server and smartphone app contain maps, and the wildfire locations are marked in the case of a fire. In the present study, a prototype of the proposed system is successfully developed and tested.

Железнодорожный транспорт является источником повышенной опасности как для пассажиров, так и для персонала, обслуживающего железнодорожную инфраструктуру. Для повышения уровня безопасности и обеспечения охраны труда железнодорожников реализуются организационные мероприятия, внедряются современные технологии и технические средства, позволяющие снизить риски аварийных ситуаций при выполнении путевых работ. При этом особенно важно уделять внимание своевременному информированию персонала о приближении поезда [1–3]. Применение систем предупреждения является одним из главных методов защиты персонала от наезда подвижного состава. Поскольку c каждым годом скорости поездов увеличиваются, а межпоездные интервалы сокращаются, существующие системы предупреждения и оповещения не способны в полной мере обеспечить безопасность персонала. Очевидно, что необходимы современные, более надежные автоматизированные средства, Railway transport is a source of increased danger both for passengers and for personnel servicing the railway infrastructure. In order to increase the level of safety and ensure the safety of railway workers, organizational measures are being implemented, modern technologies and technical means are being introduced to reduce the risks of emergency situations when performing track work. At the same time, it is especially important to pay attention to timely informing the staff about the approach of the train [1–3]. The use of warning systems is one of the main methods of protecting personnel from being hit by rolling stock. As train speeds increase and inter-train intervals are shortened, the existing warning and warning systems are not able to fully ensure the safety of personnel. It is obvious that modern, more reliable automated tools are needed., Автоматика, связь, информатика, Выпуск 5 (5) 2023, Page 7–9

Госзакупки являются неотъемлемой частью работы бюджетных организаций, и как следствие, залогом бесперебойной работы аппарата административного управления как регионами, так и федеральным центром. Регулирует на законодательном уровне организацию и осуществление госзакупок 44-ФЗ «О контрактной системе в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд». В статье раскрыты основные этапы применения 44-ФЗ в сфере организации госзакупок, а также изменения в области осуществления госзакупок, действующие с начала 2023 года., Public procurement is an integral part of the work of budget organizations, and as a result, the guarantee of uninterrupted operation of the administrative management apparatus of both regions and the federal center. Regulates at the legislative level the organization and implementation of public procurement 44-FZ . The article reveals the main stages of the application of 44-FZ in the field of public procurement, as well as changes in the field of public procurement, effective from the beginning of 2023., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 4 (153) 2023, Pages 1244-1247

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize child sexual abuse and investigate the factors related to its repetition in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study, with data from 2009-2019 SINAN. Sociodemographic variables related to the circumstances of violence were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test factors related to repetitive violence. Results: A total of 3489 cases of child sexual abuse were reported: 73.3% were girls, the most prevalent age ranged from 6 to 10 years, and 51% reported repetitive violence. The majority was perpetrated by one (85.6%) person, and in cases in which two or more perpetrators were involved, the proportion of occurrence was higher for boys (17%) versus girls (13%). Among the risk factors for the repetition of sexual violence are the place of occurrence being the residence, the perpetrator (the stepfather, the brother, and the father) being under the influence of alcohol, and the age of the child between 6 and 10 years. Conclusion: The profile and factors that help in the identification of repetitive child sexual abuse were presented, such as the authorship being related to stepfathers, parents, and siblings, the perpetrator being under the influence of alcohol, and the victim’s age between 6 and 10 years. RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a violência sexual contra crianças e investigar os fatores relacionados a sua repetição no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e analítico, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) 2009–2019. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas relacionadas à circunstância da violência. Utilizou-se regressão logística multivariada para testar os fatores relacionados à violência de repetição. Resultados: Foram notificados 3.489 casos de violência sexual: 73,3% de meninas, com idade mais prevalente de seis a dez anos, e 51% referiram violência de repetição. A maioria dos casos foi perpetrada por um autor (85,6%) e, quando a violência teve dois ou mais envolvidos na autoria, a proporção de ocorrência foi mais elevada para meninos (17%) do que para meninas (13%). Entre os fatores de risco para a repetição da violência estão o local da ocorrência ser a residência, o autor da violência estar alcoolizado, ser ele o padrasto, o irmão e o pai, e a idade da criança estar entre seis e dez anos. Conclusões: Apresentaram-se o perfil e fatores que auxiliam na identificação da violência sexual por repetição em crianças, como a autoria ser relacionada aos padrastos, pais, irmãos, o autor da agressão estar alcoolizado e a vítima ter entre seis e dez anos.

В статье представлены информационно-аналитическая модель и алгоритмы поддержки управления оповещением населения при лесных и ландшафтных (природных) пожарах (далее пожарах). Предлагается решение проблемы своевременного оповещения населения, оценки достаточности сил и средств, а также повышения эффективности функционирования единой государственной системы предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций (далее РСЧС) с использованием математического аппарата, имитационного моделирования и прогноза развития лесных и ландшафтных (природных) пожаров. Разработанный инструмент предназначен для поддержки принятия управленческих решений - председателей комиссии по предупреждению чрезвычайных ситуаций и обеспечению пожарной безопасности, на этапе прогнозирования пожаров., The article presents an information-analytical model and algorithms for supporting the management of public notification during forest and landscape (natural) fires (hereinafter referred to as fires). A solution to the problem of timely notification of the population, assessment of the sufficiency of forces and means, as well as improving the efficiency of the functioning of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations (hereinafter RSChS) using a mathematical apparatus, simulation modeling and forecasting the development of forest and landscape (natural) fires is proposed. The developed tool is designed to support managerial decision-making - the chairmen of the commission for the prevention of emergency situations and ensuring fire safety, at the stage of fire forecasting., Сибирский пожарно-спасательный вестник, Выпуск 2 (29) 2023, Pages 95-106

В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты информирования населения при возникновении чрезвычайных ситуаций. Охарактеризовано влияние подаваемой информации на население и специалистов, работающих в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций. Проанализированы примеры чрезвычайных ситуаций с разной степенью эффективности информирования населения., The article discusses the main aspects of informing the population in case of emergency situations. The influence of the information provided on the population and specialists working in emergency situations is characterized. Examples of emergency situations with varying degrees of effectiveness of informing the population are analyzed., Актуальные проблемы безопасности в техносфере, Выпуск 4 (8) 2023, Pages 62-66

Journal of Applied Informatics and Technology, 5, 1, 36-50

On 28 June 2015 an amendment of the Polish Building Code that abolished a requirement to get a building permission to construct or reconstruct a free standing one-family house, which impact area is limited to the plot on that it is planned, came into force. Since then an erection of such houses has been possible on a basis of notification instead. The goal of this amendment was to simplify the development process in the case of one-family houses. This article is a contribution to the verification of this assumption. Therefore data on notifications that were submitted to respective capital city of Warsaw districts’ offices have been analysed. Detailed research has been limited to the districts of Bielany and Białołęka.

Smartphones provide the capability to perform in-situ sampling of human behavior using Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Designing an ESM schedule involves probing the user repeatedly at suitable moments to collect self-reports. Timely probe generation to collect high fidelity user responses while keeping probing rate low is challenging. In mobile-based ESM, timeliness of the probe is also impacted by user's availability to respond to self-report request. Thus, a good ESM design must consider - probing frequency, timely self-report collection, and notifying at opportune moment to ensure high response quality. We propose a two-phase ESM design, where the first phase (a) balances between probing frequency and self-report timeliness, and (b) in parallel, constructs a predictive model to identify opportune probing moments. The second phase uses this model to further improve response quality by eliminating inopportune probes. We use typing-based emotion detection in smartphone as a case study to validate proposed ESM design. Our results demonstrate that it reduces probing rate by 64%, samples self-reports timely by reducing elapsed time between self-report collection, and event trigger by 9% while detecting inopportune moments with an average accuracy of 89%. These design choices improve the response quality, as manifested by 96% valid response collection and a maximum improvement of 24% in emotion classification accuracy.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a frequência, a distribuição e as principais características dos casos de suicídio no Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos Estudo transversal que incluiu todos os óbitos por suicídio notificados de 01/01/2013 a 31/12/2017. A análise compreendeu a descrição dos casos, a verificação da distribuição do método conforme o sexo e o cálculo das estimativas anuais de mortalidade. Resultados Foram notificados 5.901 casos, a maioria do sexo masculino (79,3%), com idade entre 35 e 59 anos (45,9%), cor de pele branca (90,9%), ensino fundamental (66,6%), sem cônjuge (63,6%) e trabalhadores do setor secundário (54,4%). Do suicídio predominou ocorrência policial como fonte de notificação (90,8%), domicílio como local de ocorrência (68,9%), enforcamento, estrangulamento ou sufocação como causa básica (71%); observaram-se diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres quanto à escolha do método e aumento nas taxas anuais de mortalidade no período analisado. Conclusão Constatou-se aumento dos óbitos por suicídio no local e período estudados, indicando que é uma importante causa de mortalidade, especialmente, entre homens adultos. ABSTRACT Objective To describe the frequency, distribution and main characteristics of suicide cases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods Cross-sectional study that included all deaths by suicide reported from 01/01/2013 to 12/31/2017. The analysis included the description of the cases, the verification of the distribution of the method according to sex and the calculation of annual mortality estimates. Results 5,901 cases were reported, mostly male (79.3%), aged between 35-59 years (45.9%), white skin color (90.9%), elementary school (66,6%), without a spouse (63.6%) and secondary sector workers (54.4%). There was a predominance of police occurrences as a source of notification (90.8%), home as the place of occurrence (68.9%), hanging, strangulation or suffocation as a basic cause (71%), significant differences were observed between men and women as to the choice of method and increase in annual mortality rates in the analyzed period. Conclusion There was an increase in deaths by suicide in the studied place and period, indicating that it is an important cause of mortality, especially among adult men.

The number of child abuse cases has been increasing in Japan every year. Medical institutions face issues such as coordinating with welfare offices, child guidance centers, police, and other related agencies concerning child abuse, as well as communicating with parents/guardians who are perpetrators of child abuse. This study examined the awareness and actual behavior of medical institutions regarding the support required while notifying/reporting cases of child abuse. A self-administered and anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among the staff of the pediatrics departments, emergency departments, and general affairs departments of large hospitals in Japan. Differences in notifying and reporting child abuse cases to the child guidance center and welfare office and the police were assessed. It was found that some cases were not reported to the child guidance center or welfare office despite being considered “abuse.” Furthermore, a difference of opinion was observed among staff members, especially in judging “whether abuse is suspected or not.&rdquo

A meningite é uma doença com alta taxa de letalidade, requer diagnóstico e tratamento oportunos e apropriados para evitar a morte e sequelas. Esta doença pode levar à incapacidade vitalícia dos sobreviventes. Neste contexto, objetivou-se na presente pesquisa avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de meningite no Brasil, diagnosticados em crianças menores que 1 ano e até 9 anos e 11 meses, no período de 2010 a 2020. A presente pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo, com dados secundários temporais coletados da base de dados do DATASUS de acordo com o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As variáveis avaliadas foram: faixa etária, região de notificação, sexo, raça, etiologia e método diagnostico. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e foram representados na forma de gráficos. No Brasil entre o período de 2010 a 2020 foram diagnosticados 187508 casos de meningite, dos quais 87.939 corresponderam a crianças menores de um ano e de até 9 anos e 11 meses e 28.384 casos em menores de 1 ano. A região Sudeste apresentou o maior número de crianças e neonatos com meningite, e menor número na região Norte. A meningite viral prevaleceu em relação a bacteriana. O sexo masculino e das raças branca e parda foram os mais afetados pela doença. Os critérios de diagnósticos foram: quimiocitológico, clínico, cultura, PCR-viral, AG Latex, clínico-epidemiológico e bacterioscopia. Meningitis is a disease with a high fatality rate, requiring timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment to avoid death and sequel. This disease can lead to lifelong disability for survivors. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of meningitis cases in Brazil, diagnosed in children younger than 1 year and up to 9 years and 11 months, in the period from 2010 to 2020. The present research was carried out through a retrospective, quantitative study, with temporal secondary data collected from the DATASUS database according to the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The variables evaluated were: age group, region of notification, sex, race, etiology and diagnostic method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and were represented in the form of graphs. In Brazil between 2010 and 2020, 187,508 cases of meningitis were diagnosed, of which 87,939 corresponded to children under one year and up to 9 years and 11 months and 28,384 cases in children under 1 year. The Southeast region had the highest number of children and neonates with meningitis, and the lowest number in the North region. Viral meningitis prevailed over bacterial. Males and white and brown races were the most affected by the disease. The diagnostic criteria were: chemocytological, clinical, culture, PCR-viral, AG Latex, clinical-epidemiological and bacterioscopy. La meningitis es una enfermedad con una alta tasa de letalidad, que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno y adecuado para evitar la muerte y secuelas. Esta enfermedad puede provocar una discapacidad de por vida para los sobrevivientes. En ese contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el perfil epidemiológico de los casos de meningitis en Brasil, diagnosticados en niños menores de 1 año y hasta 9 años y 11 meses, en el período de 2010 a 2020. La presente investigación fue realizada a través de un estudio retrospectivo, cuantitativo, con datos secundarios temporales recolectados de la base de datos DATASUS según el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN). Las variables evaluadas fueron: grupo de edad, región de notificación, sexo, raza, etiología y método diagnóstico. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y se representaron en forma de gráficos. En Brasil, entre 2010 y 2020, se diagnosticaron 187.508 casos de meningitis, de los cuales 87.939 correspondieron a niños menores de un año y hasta 9 años y 11 meses y 28.384 casos a niños menores de 1 año. La región Sudeste tuvo el mayor número de niños y recién nacidos con meningitis, y el menor número en la región Norte. La meningitis viral prevaleció sobre la bacteriana. Los machos y las razas blanca y parda fueron los más afectados por la enfermedad. Los criterios diagnósticos fueron: quimiocitológico, clínico, cultivo, PCR-viral, AG Látex, clínico-epidemiológico y bacterioscopia.

International audience; En l’absence de date précise mentionnée par le juge, l’astreinte court à compter du jour de la notification ou de la signification de la décision qui l’a ordonnée, de sorte que la régularité de cet acte est en rapport avec la fixation du point de départ de l’astreinte.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that presents with symptoms such as fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness and discouragement. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the profile of SLE in Brazil, from 2010 to 2019. This is a descriptive, epidemiological, exploratory and cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, of deaths from SLE reported in the Department of Informatics of the Unified System of Health of Brazil (DATASUS). Data were analyzed in Excel 2010. 10030 cases of death from SLE were reported between 2010 and 2019, with the Southeast region with the highest number of cases (4255 cases) followed by the Northeast (2473 cases). Regarding the profile, there were more deaths in females, with a percentage above 86% for all regions of the country. As for race, in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions, the highest percentage was recorded in the Brown racial group (North - 71.44%; Northeast - 59.28% and Midwest - 50.72%), as for the age group , in the North region, the age between 20 and 29 years was more frequent, corresponding to 25.34% of the cases. In the Northeast and Midwest regions, the age group from 30 to 39 years was more frequent, referring to the percentages of 22.68% and 21.88% respectively. As for education, the patients had, more frequently, from 8 to 11 years of schooling (North - 35.87%; Northeast - 26.85%; Midwest - 30.67%; Southeast 30.3%; and South – 30.12%). The Northeast region presents a smaller quantity of deaths, in relation to the other regions, being predominant in women, of brown color, aged between 31 and 39 years old. El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune inflamatoria crónica que se presenta con síntomas como fiebre, pérdida de peso, pérdida de apetito, debilidad y desánimo. Por lo tanto, el estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el perfil de LES en Brasil, de 2010 a 2019. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, epidemiológico, exploratorio y transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, de las muertes por LES reportadas en el Departamento de Informática de la Sistema Unificado de Salud de Brasil (DATASUS). Los datos se analizaron en Excel 2010. Se notificaron 10030 casos de muerte por LES entre 2010 y 2019, siendo la región Sudeste con el mayor número de casos (4255 casos) seguida de la Noreste (2473 casos). En cuanto al perfil, hubo más defunciones en mujeres, con un porcentaje superior al 86% para todas las regiones del país. En cuanto a la raza, en las regiones Norte, Noreste y Medio Oeste, el mayor porcentaje se registró en el grupo racial Moreno (Norte - 71,44%; Noreste - 59,28% y Medio Oeste - 50,72%), en cuanto al grupo de edad, en la Región Norte. , la edad entre 20 y 29 años fue más frecuente, correspondiente al 25,34% de los casos. En las regiones Nordeste y Medio Oeste, el grupo de edad de 30 a 39 años fue más frecuente, refiriéndose a los porcentajes de 22,68% y 21,88% respectivamente. En cuanto a la educación, los pacientes tenían, con mayor frecuencia, de 8 a 11 años de escolaridad (Norte - 35,87%; Noreste - 26,85%; Medio Oeste - 30,67%; Sureste 30,3%; y Sur - 30,12%). La región Nordeste presenta una menor cantidad de defunciones, en relación a las demás regiones, siendo predominante en mujeres, de color marrón, con edades comprendidas entre 31 y 39 años. O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica autoimune que apresenta sintomas como febre, emagrecimento, inapetência, fraqueza e desânimo. Portanto, o trabalho objetivou analisar o perfil do LES no Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2019. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, epidemiológico, exploratório e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, dos óbitos por LES notificados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS). Os dados foram analisados no Excel 2010. Foram notificados 10030 casos de óbito por LES entre 2010 e 2019, sendo a região Sudeste com o maior número de casos (4255 casos) seguido de Nordeste (2473 casos). Sobre o perfil, houve mais óbitos no sexo feminino, com o percentual superior a 86% para todas as regiões do país. Quanto a raça, nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste foram registrados maior percentual no grupo racial Pardo (Norte – 71,44%; Nordeste – 59,28% e Centro-Oeste- 50,72%), quanto a faixa etária, na região Norte, foi mais frequente a idade de 20 a 29 anos correspondente a 25,34% dos casos. Já nas regiões Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, a faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos foi mais frequente, referente ao percentual de 22,68% e 21,88% respectivamente. Quanto a escolaridade, os pacientes apresentavam, em maior frequência, de 8 a 11 anos de estudo (Norte – 35,87%; Nordeste – 26,85%; Centro-Oeste – 30,67%; Sudeste 30,3%; e Sul – 30,12%). A região Nordeste apresenta um menor quantitativo de óbitos, em relação às demais regiões, sendo predominante em mulheres, da cor parda, com idade entre 31 a 39 anos.

Objetivo: Analizar los incidentes relacionados con la atención médica en un hospital docente. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, realizada con base en las notificaciones de incidencias realizadas entre 2016 y 2018. Los datos se procesaron en la versión 12 del programa STATA. Resultados: La incidencia de eventos adversos fue de 3,82 por cada 100 pacientes-día. Las unidades de hospitalización para adultos fueron los lugares con mayor incidencia de incidentes, 57,20%; pacientes adultos, 52,75%; mujeres, 52,9%; negros, 80,01%; solteros, 47,62%; con escolarización baja o nula, el 50,91%, fueron los principales. Las enfermeras fueron los principales notificadores, 80,38%. Flebitis, 27,05%; cirugías, 19,20%; y las caídas, el 17,27%, fueron los incidentes más reportados, cuyos daños fueron clasificados como leves en el 91,52%, pero hubo 03 muertes en el período. Conclusión: El análisis de los incidentes permite destacar la importancia de las notificaciones para la planificación e implementación de medidas que puedan contribuir al fortalecimiento de la cultura de seguridad del paciente. Objective: Analyzing incidents related to health care in a teaching hospital. Method: A quantitative research carried out based on notifications of incidents carried out between 2016 and 2018. The data were processed in STATA version 12. Results: The incidence of adverse events was 3.82 per 100 patient-days. The adult hospitalization units were the main notifiers, 57.20%; adult patients, 52.75%; females, 52.9%; blacks, 80.01%; singles, 47.62%; with low or no schooling, 50.91%, were the main ones. The nurses were the main notifiers, 80.38%. Phlebitis, 27.05%; surgeries, 19.20%; and falls, 17.27%, were the most reported incidents, whose damage was classified as mild in 91.52%, but there were three deaths in the period. Conclusion: The analysis of incidents allows us to highlight the importance of notifications for the planning and implementation of measures that can contribute to the strengthening of the patient safety culture. Objetivo: Analisar os incidentes relacionados à assistência à saúde em um hospital de ensino. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, realizada a partir das notificações de incidentes realizadas entre 2016 e 2018. Os dados foram processados no programa STATA versão 12. Resultados: A incidência de eventos adversos foi 3,82 por 100 pacientes-dia. As unidades de internação para adultos foram os locais com maior ocorrência de incidentes, 57,20%; os pacientes adultos, 52,75%; do sexo feminino, 52,9%; negros, 80,01%; solteiros, 47,62%; com baixa ou nenhuma escolaridade, 50,91%, foram os principais atingidos. Os enfermeiros foram os principais notificadores, 80,38%. As flebites, 27,05%; cirurgias, 19,20%; e quedas, 17,27%, foram os incidentes mais notificados, cujos danos foram classificados como leves em 91,52%, mas houve 03 óbitos no período. Conclusão: A análise dos incidentes permite destacar a importância das notificações para o planejamento e implementação de medidas que possam contribuir para o fortalecimento da cultura de segurança do paciente.

The aim of this research is to carry out a scope review protocol to map available evidence in the literature on the contribution of health professionals in completing the notification form for violence against children and adolescents in the hospital environment. It is a research protocol based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual, following the checklist of prefered Reporing Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data collection and collection will be performed in October 2022 with the descriptors of Health Science (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MESH). The localized terms will be combined using the Boolean operators "AND", "OR" or "NOT", to build the search strategy. Following the eligibility criteria, the selection of studies will be carried out by two researchers independently. Subsequently for the interpretation and analysis of the results, the SPSS software will be used. El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un protocolo de revisión de alcances para mapear la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre la contribución de los profesionales de la salud en el llenado del formulario de notificación de violencia contra niños y adolescentes en el ámbito hospitalario. Es un protocolo de investigación basado en el manual del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI), siguiendo la lista de verificación de los Elementos de informe preferidos para revisión sistemática y metaanálisis - Extensión para revisiones de alcance (PRISMA-ScR). La recolección y recolección de datos se realizará en octubre de 2022 con los descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) y Medical Subject Headings (MESH). Los términos localizados se combinarán utilizando los operadores booleanos "AND", "OR" o "NOT", para construir la estrategia de búsqueda. Siguiendo los criterios de elegibilidad, la selección de los estudios será realizada por dos investigadores de forma independiente. Posteriormente para la interpretación y análisis de los resultados, se utilizará el software SPSS. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é realizar um protocolo de revisão de escopo para mapear na literatura evidencias disponíveis sobre a contribuição dos profissionais de saúde no preenchimento da ficha de notificação de violência contra criança e adolescente no ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de um protocolo de pesquisa baseado no manual Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), seguindo o checklist do Prefered Reporing Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Será realizada a busca e coleta de dados no mês de outubro de 2022 com os descritores da Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (MESH). Os termos localizados serão combinados utilizando-se os operadores booleanos "AND", "OR" ou "NOT", para construção da estratégia de busca. Seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade, a seleção dos estudos será realizada por dois pesquisadores de forma independente. Posteriormente para a interpretação e analise dos resultados, utilizar-se-á o software SPSS.

International audience

Controversy surrounding recommendations for supplemental screening (ultrasound and magnetic resonance screening) in women with dense breasts exists, as the long-term benefits from these additional modalities may not outweigh the harms. This study aimed to examine factors associated with supplemental screening intentions following a hypothetical breast density notification in a population of women who have not been routinely notified. Australian women of breast screening age participated in an online randomised experimental study where they were presented with one of two breast density notifications (with or without health literacy-sensitive information) and asked their screening intentions. After adjusting for covariates in multivariable analyses, women in both groups (n = 940) who indicated higher levels of breast cancer worry, had private health insurance, had a family history of breast cancer, and had a greater number of times previously attending mammography screening had higher intentions for supplemental screening. Understanding women's supplemental screening intentions following notification of dense breasts has important implications for health systems with breast screening considering the impacts of widespread notification. Personal, clinical and psychological factors should be considered when discussing both the benefits and harms of supplemental screening with women with dense breasts.

This paper examines the consequences of the Post Merger regime in Law No. 5/1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Business Competition. This research uses the normative juridical method and comparative approach, comparing the American Antitrust Law which has successfully implemented the pre merger notification with the Indonesian Business Competition Law which implements the post merger notification. The results of this study indicate that the importance of implementing the Pre Merger Notification in the draft Law on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition is viewed in a comparison with the success of the Antitrust Law America and supported by the dynamics of globalization of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 which became a challenge for the Business Association Supervisory Commission. Thus, the regime change from Post Merger Notification to Pre Merger Notification is the right step in implementing a merger in Indonesia because Pre Merger Notification provides legal certainty and also more efficient for business actors and KPPU as a preventive effort with the aim that the implementation of Pre Merger Notification will be carried out optimally in achieving the goal of fair business competition

【目的】 本研究は，自身や家族が進行がんであると想定したときの大学生の進行がん告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の受講経験との関連を明らかにすることを目的とする。 【方法】 大学生を対象に無記名質問紙調査を実施した。自身および家族が進行がんであると想定した場合の「病名」「予後」「積極的治療中止」に関する告知の認識を，リッカート尺度で評価した。進行がん告知の認識との関連要因はロジスティック回帰分析を行った。 【結果】 ２大学419名のから回答が得られた（有効回答率78.3％）。内訳は看護系205名（48.9％），看護系以外214名（51.1％）であり，終末期ケアの教育を受講した経験がある者は212名（50.6％）であった。自身が進行がんであると想定した場合，病名，予後，積極的治療中止において告知を希望する者は約９割であり，一方，家族が進行がんと想定した場合，病名告知では約７割，予後および積極的治療中止の告知では約６割であった。進行がん告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の受講経験との関係は，家族が進行がんであると想定した場合のみ病名（OR:2.66, p=0.003），予後（OR=2.02, p=0.015），積極的治療中止（OR=2.18, p=0.007）の告知の認識との間に有意な関連が認められた。 【結論】家族が進行がんと想定した場合の大学生の告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の経験には有意な関連があった。, 【Purpose】The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between recognition of notification of advanced cancer and experience in receiving end-of-life care education in university students. 【Method 】An anonymous questionnaire survey targeting 419 students from two universities was carried out （effective response ratio: 78.3%）. Under the presumption that one of their family members has advanced cancer, the students were questioned regarding whether they wanted notification at the time of “disease name,” “prognosis,” and “discontinuation of positive treatment,” using a Likert scale. Regarding recognition of notification of advanced cancer and related factors, logistic regression analysis was performed. 【Results】The subjects were 212 persons （50.6%） who had experience in receiving end-of-life care education. Assuming the respondents had progressive cancer, about 90% of the respondents wanted to be notified in all three situations. But 327 persons wanted notification to the family of disease name （78.0%）, 281 persons wanted notification of prognosis （67.1%）, and 283 persons wanted notification of discontinuation of aggressive treatment （67.5%）. Regarding recognition of notification to the family and its related factors, there was a significant correlation between recognition of notification and “experience in receiving education on end-of-life care,” [disease name: OR=2.66, p=0.003; prognosis: OR=2.02, p=0.015; discontinuation of aggressive treatment: OR=2.18, p=0.007]. 【Conclusion】Under the presumption that a family member has advanced cancer, recognition of notification of advanced cancer was found to be related to the experience of receiving end-of-life care education.

Regardless of the microbiological status of an animal facility, research animals may experience health problems, leading to pain, suffering and distress. Simple and efficient tools are needed to collect data systematically, allowing researchers to react and resolve animals’ health issues. We have developed a real-time notification method for recording clinical observations, which caretakers can input into the ELLI record-keeping system, accompanied by a picture or video. A browser-based interface system sends alerts using a three-tier scale (+, 120 hours; ++, 72 hours; +++, 24 hours) by email and/or SMS. The percentage of animal health notifications for rodents was 1.31% in 2016, 1.33% in 2017 and 1.58% in 2018, with 34–44% for coat and skin conditions (wounds, bites and scratches). All other notifications, including environment and behaviour, procedure-specific indicators (weight loss, bleeding and abnormal secretions) and other abnormalities such as eye and teeth malformations, ranged from 5% to 10% during the three-year period. Researchers displayed good compliance by reacting to the notifications within the expected time frame. Most health notifications concerned genetically modified (GM) animals without a predetermined harmful phenotype, regardless of being on project licence or maintenance licence. Health notification records may be useful retrospectively not only to review the health and welfare issues of new GM lines but also to evaluate the actual severity of procedures. The health notification system described here provides valuable information to the veterinarian and the animal welfare body by helping to address specific health conditions and to improve animal welfare and implement the 3Rs.

Introduction: Rapid notification of infectious diseases is essential for prompt public health actions and monitoring disease trends at local, state and national levels. Disease surveillance is the backbone of Health Management Information system (HMIS). The study assessed the effect of training and provision of IDSR forms on disease surveillance and response in selected private hospitals in Enugu state. Methodology: The study was a quasi-experimental study that compared the study and control groups “before and after” an intervention (training and provision of IDSR forms). The intervention group received training and supplies if IDSR forms while the control group did not. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 400 participants from one hundred and four private hospitals in eight selected LGAs in Enugu East and Enugu North Senatorial Districts. Baseline data were collected followed by intervention. After six months waiting period post-intervention data were collected. A Questionnaire and observational checklist were used. Pearson and McNemar chi-square tests were employed. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.005. Result: At baseline, most knowledge and practice variables were poor (< 50%). The mean score of knowledge and practice between the groups at baseline was not significant (knowledge p=0.203 and practice p= 0.138). However, six months post-intervention there were significant increases in proportion for both knowledge and practice for study (McNemarχ2 p < 0.001) but not so control group. There was no statistically significant association of knowledge and practice with socio-demographic characteristics for both groups. Conclusion: Training of HCWs and provision of IDSR forms caused significant improvement in both knowledge and practice of disease notification and reporting in the private healthcare sector.

International practice, including international instruments and case law, confirms that states generally accept that they have a duty to provide prior notification of planned measures that may have a significant adverse effect upon co-riparians. The principle of “prior notification” is framed differently in various instruments, and it can broadly include the duty to “notify” and “consult” on planned measures. Prior notification helps to prevent and mitigate disputes, as underlined by the ICJ. Notification and consultation create the conditions for cooperation among riparian states and for ensuring the protection of international watercourses. On the contrary, the lack of notification and consultation may aggravate disputes as in the case of the Great Renaissance Dam along the Nile River. The UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (Watercourses Convention) provides a detailed procedural framework on prior notification and consultation. This essay outlines the established characteristics of the prior notification and consultation duty, then argues that the duty should be viewed not only as an inter-state obligation but also as including the obligation to inform and consult local communities.

A pesquisa atual tem como tema o estudo da notificação compulsória da violência no processo de trabalho, na perspectiva dos profissionais assistentes sociais que trabalham na área da saúde pública do município de Uberlândia. O problema, partiu do questionamento teórico e prático sobre a seguinte indagação: Quais são as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais que os impedem de notificar a violência? O Objetivo geral da pesquisa foi: Compreender o processo de notificação das violências na perspectiva dos profissionais assistentes sociais que trabalham na área da saúde em um município mineiro. E como Objetivos Específicos temos: 1) compreender quais são as percepções dos assistentes sociais em relação a violência. 2) caracterizar os desafios encontrados pelos profissionais em realizar as notificações da violência. 3) identificar as possibilidades de atuação frente a temática. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa. O profissional que trabalha na área da saúde precisa realizar a notificação do agravo violência, pois a mesma é compulsória, nos casos de confirmação ou suspeita do fato, os dados gerados através das fichas de notificação possibilitam compreender a amplitude e a importância do fenômeno e assim subsidiar, políticas públicas na prevenção destas situações, bem como capacitar os profissionais para o acolhimento e o cuidado às pessoas que vivenciam tal fato. E assim compreender a percepção destes profissionais sobre o tema, à partir da realidade vivenciada por eles na prática profissional. A dissertação será apresentada na forma de dois artigos sínteses. O primeiro artigo trata de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura e tem como título: “Sistema único de saúde, assistentes sociais e a notificação das violências no Brasil: Um estudo de Revisão”. Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL) acerca do processo de notificação de fatos de violência por profissionais que atuam em serviço de saúde. Os critérios de inclusão, segundo a base de dados LILACS, textos completos publicados entre 2015 e 2019, idiomas português e inglês; a amostra final da revisão foi constituída de 6 artigos. A subnotificação da violência segue como um desafio; impossibilita a tomada de medidas para a prevenção e combate do agravo. Demonstrou-se que, dentre os obstáculos à notificação compulsória, tanto o tema da violência quanto a sua notificação deve integrar a formação dos profissionais do Serviço Social e de outras áreas aliada à formação continuada como estratégia pública. O segundo Artigo tem como título: “Assistentes sociais, saúde e violência: da insegurança individual ao enfrentamento coletivo”. Pesquisa realizada com Assistentes Sociais que atuam no Sistema Único de Saúde em vários níveis de complexidade em um município no estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que adotou a estratégia de “bola de neve” para identificação e seleção dos 12 participantes que aceitaram responder a entrevistas semiestruturadas para coleta de informações. As categorias temáticas emergidas das entrevistas, apontam para a falta de capacitação, ainda na formação universitária, o receio de sofrer ameaças bem como ser vítima de violência no processo de trabalho. Notificar exige, além de conhecimento obtido com a formação continuada, romper o silêncio e auxiliar na produção de informação de qualidade, as quais podem fomentar o planejamento e a efetivação de direitos sociais, por meio de ações preventivas e estímulo de ações de cuidado integral às vítimas e aos profissionais. A subnotificação estaria associada a vários fatores, como medo e insegurança ausência de capacitação profissional e fragilidade das políticas públicas de saúde que não garante à proteção ao profissional no ato de notificar. Ainda que se reconheça a importância da notificação compulsória da violência, esta é um desafio para os profissionais da Saúde, como uma questão de Saúde Pública, impacta comunidades e grupos, destes os profissionais. The current research has as its theme the study of compulsory notification of violence in the work process, from the perspective of social workers who work in the area of public health in the city of Uberlândia. The problem came from the theoretical and practical questioning about the following question: What are the difficulties faced by professionals that prevent them from notifying violence? The general objective of the research was: To understand the process of reporting violence from the perspective of social workers who work in the health area in a municipality in Minas Gerais. And as Specific Objectives we have: 1) understand what are the perceptions of social workers in relation to violence. 2) to characterize the challenges faced by professionals in reporting violence. 3) identify the possibilities of action in front of the theme. Method: Qualitative research. The professional who works in the health area needs to carry out the notification of the grievance violence, as it is compulsory, in cases of confirmation or suspicion of the fact, the data generated through the notification forms make it possible to understand the breadth and importance of the phenomenon and thus subsidize public policies in the prevention of these situations, as well as train professionals for the reception and care of people who experience this fact. And thus understand the perception of these professionals on the subject, from the reality experienced by them in professional practice. The dissertation will be presented in the form of two synthesis articles. The first article deals with an Integrative Literature Review and is entitled: “Unified health system, social workers and the notification of violence in Brazil: A review study”. Integrative Literature Review (RIL) on the process of reporting facts of violence by professionals working in the health service. Inclusion criteria, according to the LILACS database, full texts published between 2015 and 2019, in Portuguese and English; the final review sample consisted of 6 articles. Underreporting of violence remains a challenge; makes it impossible to take measures to prevent and combat the disease. It was shown that, among the obstacles to compulsory notification, both the issue of violence and its notification must be part of the training of professionals in Social Work and other areas, allied to continuing education as a public strategy. The second article is titled: “Social workers, health and violence: from individual insecurity to collective confrontation”. Research carried out with Social Workers who work in the Unified Health System at various levels of complexity in a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. This is a qualitative study that adopted the “snowball” strategy to identify and select the 12 participants who agreed to respond to semi- structured interviews to collect information. The thematic categories emerged from the interviews, point to the lack of training, even in university education, the fear of being threatened as well as being a victim of violence in the work process. Notifying requires, in addition to knowledge obtained from continuing education, breaking the silence and assisting in the production of quality information, which can foster the planning and realization of social rights, through preventive actions and encouragement of comprehensive care actions for people. victims and professionals. Underreporting would be associated with several factors, such as fear and insecurity, lack of professional training and fragility of public health policies that do not guarantee protection to professionals in the act of notifying. Although the importance of compulsory reporting of violence is recognized, this is a challenge for health professionals, as a public health issue, it impacts communities and groups, including professionals. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Introduction: Substandard drugs (SD) present great relevance in the area of pharmacovigilance and should be investigated and monitored as they can lead to several clinical outcomes. Objective: To discuss the characteristics of SD in the area of pharmacovigilance through a narrative review. Method: A comprehensive search was performed on databases using the descriptors “pharmacovigilance”, “technical complaints (TC)”, “SD” and “notification systems” including studies directly concerning the subject conducted in Brazil and published between 2005 and 2020. Results: SD issues might be associated with drug product alterations, content and integrity of the package and labeling. Among the 18 selected studies (14 articles, two book chapters and two dissertations) regarding SD notifications reported as drug TC, two exclusively evaluated drug TC notifications (100.0%), while the rest showed that this type of notification represented 0.6% to 70.0% of the total of notifications made in national health establishments. The main SD issues found were: alterations on the product aspect; absence/reduction in the amount of drug product; and, package problems. Conclusions: Notifications involving SD issues are considered an excellent quality indicator for the drugs available in the market, which contributes to suppliers’ qualification and provision of consistent products for the population. Introdução: Os desvios da qualidade de medicamentos (DQM) apresentam grande relevância no âmbito da farmacovigilância, devendo ser investigados e monitorados, uma vez que podem levar a uma grande variedade de desfechos clínicos. Objetivo: Discutir sobre a caracterização dos DQM no âmbito da farmacovigilância por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Método: Foi realizada uma busca abrangente em bases de dados utilizando-se os descritores: “farmacovigilância”, “queixas técnicas (QT)”, “DQM” e “sistemas de notificação”, incluindo estudos relacionados diretamente ao tema proposto, realizados no Brasil e publicados no período de 2005 a 2020. Resultados: Os DQM podem estar relacionados a alterações no próprio medicamento, ao conteúdo e integridade da embalagem e à rotulagem. Dos 18 estudos selecionados (14 artigos, dois capítulos de livro e duas dissertações) contendo notificações de DQM na forma de QT de medicamentos, dois avaliaram exclusivamente notificações de QT de medicamentos (100,0%), enquanto o restante apontou que estas representavam de 0,6% a 70,0% do total de notificações realizadas em estabelecimentos de saúde do país. Os principais DQM evidenciados foram alterações no aspecto do produto, ausência/redução na quantidade do medicamento e problemas nas embalagens. Conclusões: Considera-se que as notificações envolvendo DQM representem um excelente indicador de qualidade dos medicamentos disponíveis no mercado, vindo a contribuir na qualificação de fornecedores e distribuição de produtos conformes à população.

The study aimed to describe the profile of cases of notification of interpersonal and self-harm in the XII Regional Health of Pernambuco. This is a descriptive, prevalent study with a quantitative approach. The data were collected in TABNET / DATASUS considering the period from 2014 to 2018. The results show the female figure from 20 to 29 years old as the main victim of violence, the majority domestic domestic scope of violence, mainly within family and emotional relationships. As for the male sex, young people aged 15 to 19 years are the most affected and in the public space violence predominates, with unknown perpetrators. In both sexes, there were no relevant disparities in the criteria of education, race and type of violence, physical, psychological and self-inflicted violence prevailed, the victims were brown people with incomplete primary education. It is hoped that the research will contribute to visualize how violence is expressed in the territory. O estudo teve objetivo descrever o perfil dos casos de notificação de violência interpessoal e autoprovocada na XII Regional de Saúde de Pernambuco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de prevalência com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados no TABNET/DATASUS considerando o período de 2014 a 2018. Os resultados mostram a figura feminina de 20 a 29 anos como principal vítima de violências, o âmbito doméstico local majoritário das violências, principalmente, dentro das relações familiares e afetivas. Já o sexo masculino, os jovens de 15 a 19 anos são os mais acometidos e no espaço público predomina as violências sendo os perpetradores desconhecidos. Em ambos os sexos não houve relevantes disparidades nos critérios de escolaridade, raça e tipo de violência, predominou a violência física, psicológica e autoprovocada, as vítimas foram pessoas pardas com o ensino fundamental incompleto. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua para visualizar como as violências se expressam no território.

National audience

Objective: To survey the epidemiological profile of HVL from 2012 to 2020 in the city of Caruaru-PE. Methodology: Data were obtained from the Information System for Notification and Diseases. After this step, the data received statistical treatment, where graphs and tables were constructed using the excel @2010 software, which was used to perform the calculations to give greater precision to the results obtained. Results: 43 cases of HVL were confirmed. The highest incidence occurred in 2015 with 2.6%, the area of residence with the highest frequency was urban with 63%, the most affected age group was 1 to 4 years old with 32.6% and race /brown color presented 69.8% of the cases. Regarding the evolution of patients with HVL, 79.1% was related to cure. Conclusion: In view of the analyzed data, it is necessary that HVL control actions are intensified, the identification of cases happens in a timely manner, as well as the diagnosis and patient care. Objetivo: Levantar el perfil epidemiológico de HVL de 2012 a 2020 en la ciudad de Caruaru-PE. Metodología: Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Notificación y Enfermedades. Luego de este paso, los datos recibieron tratamiento estadístico, donde se construyeron gráficos y tablas utilizando el software excel @2010, el cual se utilizó para realizar los cálculos para dar mayor precisión a los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: se confirmaron 43 casos de HVL. La mayor incidencia se presentó en el año 2015 con 2,6%, el área de residencia con mayor frecuencia fue urbana con 63%, el grupo etario más afectado fue de 1 a 4 años con 32,6% y la raza/color pardo presentó el 69,8% de la población. casos. En cuanto a la evolución de los pacientes con HVL, el 79,1% se relacionó con la curación. Conclusión: Ante los datos analizados, es necesario que se intensifiquen las acciones de control de HVL, la identificación de los casos ocurra de manera oportuna, así como el diagnóstico y la atención al paciente. Objetivo: Realizar o levantamento do perfil epidemiológico da LVH no período de 2012 a 2020 no município de Caruaru-PE. Metodologia: Os dados foram obtidos na base do Sistema de Informação de Notificação e Agravos. Após essa etapa, os dados receberam tratamento estatístico, onde foram construídos gráficos e tabelas por meio do software excel @2010, o mesmo foi usado para realização dos cálculos para dar maior precisão dos resultados obtidos. Resultados: Foram confirmados 43 casos de LVH. A maior incidência ocorreu no ano de 2015 com 2,6%, a área de residência que apresentou a maior frequência foi a urbana com 63%, a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 1 a 4 anos com 32,6% e a raça/cor parda apresentou 69,8% dos casos. No que se refere a evolução dos pacientes como LVH, 79,1% foi relacionado a cura. Conclusão: Diante dos dados analisados é necessário que as ações de controle da LVH sejam intensificadas, a identificação dos casos aconteça em tempo oportuno, bem como, o diagnóstico e a assistência ao paciente.

Este artículo de investigación gira en torno a las notificaciones que se realizan en materia tributaria colombiana, puesto que con la reforma del año 2018 se modificaron los artículos referentes a las notificaciones que se le hacen a los contribuyentes, dándole prevalencia a la notificación por correo electrónico en el cual se establece que todas las notificaciones de la Administración Tributaria se entenderán surtidas con él envió del correo electrónico, voy a analizar el problema desde el periodo en que empezó a regir la reforma tributaria para ver los conflictos, consecuencias y efectos que se han causado hasta la fecha. This research article revolves around the notifications that are made in Colombian Tax matters, since with the reform of 2018 thearticles referring to the notifications that are made to taxpayers were modified, giving prevalence to the notification by email in which it is established that all notifications of the Tax Administration will be understood to have been made with the sending of the email,I will analyze this problem from the period in which the tax reform began to govern to see the conflicts, consequences and effects thathave been caused to date Abogado Pregrado

The health system for patient safety has evolved from the application of manual methods to the description in databases of support tools, however there is still no intelligent management system that facilitates the timely response to patients. Therefore, this research developed a knowledge management system for patient safety in order to solve the main problems in the quality and health care provided by Benefit Plan Administration Entities (eapb, in Spanish), Health Service Provider Institutions (IPS, in Spanish), Special Patient Transport Services, independent professionals, as well as to generate interaction of such information with departmental, district and municipal health entities, the National Health Institute and Technical Agency for the Administration of the High Cost Account. For this purpose, the current situation was characterized through the technological quantitative description method based on a cascade description, promoting the use of digital health technologies, expanding health information systems, and collecting strict surveillance data. In this way, it is expected to facilitate the notification and analysis of risks, adverse events and other mandatory indicators, as well as the reporting to territorial health entities in Colombia, contributing to the implementation and improvement of safe health care practices through the monitoring of safety and quality management indicators. El sistema de salud para seguridad del paciente ha evolucionado desde la aplicación de métodos manuales hasta la descripción en bases de datos de las herramientas de apoyo, sin embargo, aún no se cuenta con un sistema de gestión inteligente que facilite la respuesta oportuna a los pacientes. Por lo anterior, esta investigación desarrolló un sistema de gestión del conocimiento para la seguridad del paciente, con el fin de dar solución a los principales problemas en la calidad y atención en la salud brindada por parte de las Entidades Administradoras de Planes de Beneficios (EAPB), Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud (IPS), Servicios de Transporte Especial de Pacientes y profesionales independientes, así mismo, se busca generar la interacción de dicha información con las entidades departamentales, distritales y municipales de salud, el Instituto Nacional de Salud y el Organismo Técnico de Administración de la Cuenta de Alto Costo. Para tal efecto, se realizó la caracterización de la situación actual a través del método de descripción cuantitativa tecnológico, con base en una descripción en cascada, promoviendo el uso de tecnologías digitales en salud, ampliando los sistemas de información sanitaria y recopilando datos de estricta vigilancia. De esta manera, se espera facilitar la notificación y el análisis de riesgos, eventos adversos y otros indicadores de obligatorio cumplimiento, así como el reporte ante los entes territoriales de salud en Colombia lo que contribuiría a la implementación y el mejoramiento de prácticas asistenciales seguras, a través del seguimiento de los indicadores de gestión de seguridad y calidad.