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Every exposed worker needs to improve hearing. Several factors cause hearing complaints when exposure factors, duration of exposure, and the use of APT (Ear Protection Equipment). The purpose of this study was to study any factors related to hearing workers at PT. Hervenia Kampar Lestari. Quantitative research design with Cross Sectional design, this study was conducted in July 2019 at PT. Hervenia Kampar Lestari. The population in this study were production workers who studied 120 people. The sample technique used is simple random sampling with a total sample of 92 respondents. Data obtained were analyzed by Chi Square test, the significance level was 95%. Based on the results of research that shows there is a significant relationship between agreement with hearing this is evidenced by the value of p (0,000)

The double entropic stochastic resonance (DSR) phenomenon for a Brown particle moving in a confined geometry driven by a time-dependent force in the declining direction subject to additive master noise and recycled noise is investigated in this paper. Under the adiabatic approximation condition, based on two-state theory and linear response theory, the expression for the system linear response (LR) is derived. Stochastic resonance (SR) and periodic SR behavior is observed when the LR changes with the feedback coefficient and with the time-delay of the recycled noise. DSR phenomenon appears when the LR varies with the constant component and with the fluctuation noise intensity of the force in the declining direction. Tradition SR occurs on the curve of the LR when the LR varies with the intensity of the master noise. The non-monotonous effect of the parameters of the confined structure on the LR is discussed.

According to the mechanism of drug inhibition of hepatitis B virus and the analysis of clinical data, it is found that random factors in long-term treatment produced uncertainty and resistance to hepatitis B virus infection rate, a model of hepatitis B virus with random interference infection rate is established. By constructing Lyapunov function and using Ito's formula, it is proved that the stochastic hepatitis B model has a unique global positive solution. The sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of solution are given. The relationship between noise intensity and oscillation amplitude is obtained. The effects of noise intensity on the asymptotic behavior of the model and antiviral therapy are simulated, and the conclusion of the theorem is verified. An interesting phenomenon is also found that with the increase of noise intensity, the number of drug-resistant viruses will decrease, which will affect the accuracy of a single test of HBV DNA. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the frequency and interval of tests.

Indonesia is a country where most of the people work as fishermen because most of its territory is water. Fishermen are a profession that has a high risk of occupational disease in the form of hearing loss which causes losses in the form of permanent disabilities, decreased financial income and quality of life, as well as the mental health of fishermen. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that cause occupational hearing loss experienced by fishermen. This research is a literature review conducted using the Google Scholar database with the keywords "Hearing Loss", "Occupational Diseases", "Fishermen", and "Indonesia". The results of this literature review show that diving and non-diver fishermen have a risk of hearing loss due to personal factors such as age, years of service, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, while occupational factors that influence are noise intensity, length of exposure to availability of ear protection equipment, length of time, and depth of diving activity. Keywords: hearing loss, occupational diseases, fishermen

In this paper, we present a ratio-dependent community dynamics model on Batesian mimicry. In ecology, Batesian mimicry is very important which focus mainly on the patterns in model-species and the mimic-species. Here, we study a stochastically forced basic model-mimic community dynamics model. Without any environmental noise, both model-species and mimic-species can survive. However, external noises push the model-species to extinct and only mimic-species can stable. We discuss a mechanism of the noise-induced transition in the basin of attraction of a stable interior equilibrium point. We apply the stochastic sensitivity function technique to construct a confidence domain near a stable interior equilibrium point and study different noise intensity for the transition.

The periodic measures of the stochastic delay reaction-diffusion lattice systems are investigated. Under a general condition, we prove the existence of periodic measures when the time-dependent terms of the system are periodic in time. Under further assumptions on the nonlinear terms, we show the set of all periodic measures of the perturbed system is weakly compact. Finally, we prove every limit point of a sequence of periodic measures of the stochastic delay system must be a periodic measure of the limiting system as the noise intensity or the time delay goes to zero.

Objetivo: Identificar a intensidade sonora, por meio de decibéis (dB), no Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) e orientar os colaboradoresquanto à importância dos protetores auriculares como equipamento de proteção individual (EPI). Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tiporelato de experiência. Utilizou-se o aplicativo Sound Meter para medir a intensidade de ruído no CME. A pesquisa foi realizada em hospital de grandeporte de São Paulo, no período de uma semana, em 2018. Resultados: Os ruídos mais intensos foram mensurados no expurgo (93,0 dB), na área de preparo(92,3 dB), nas áreas de esterilização a baixa temperatura (91,6 dB) e a vapor (87,9 dB), diferentemente da percepção dos colaboradores. A conscientizaçãoda equipe deu-se por exposição dos resultados mensurados e discussão sobre importância do EPI. Conclusão: Verificaram-se ruídos mais intensosnas áreas de trabalho com maior número de maquinários, e houve divergência entre a intensidade do ruído mensurado e o percebido pelo profissional.Medidas educativas reflexivas são necessárias para a conscientização sobre a importância e adesão ao uso do EPI.

The installation of fans and rooftop sprinklers in swine housing and management facilities can increase noise intensity and may impair workers' hearing health over longs periods of time; therefore, an assessment of the piglets’ stress during invasive practices was made. This study set out to evaluate the noise intensity emitted by environmental enrichment devices (fans and rooftop sprinklers) and by piglets restrained for body temperature assessments and its effect on animal welfare and on the hearing health of workers exposed to it for long periods. Twenty piglets ranging in age from five to twenty days were observed. The sow gestation area was divided into a cooled (fans and rooftop sprinklers) and uncooled area. Two decibel meters were used to measure noise intensity, one for the general noise in the facilities and the other for the piglets, with five-minute intervals between assessments. Digital thermometers were used to take the rectal temperature, and infrared thermometers were used to take the body surface temperature. Fixed-effects ANOVA for the housing environment and periods and multiple comparisons at a significance level of 5% were applied. The average dorsal temperature of the piglets was 36 °C ± 1.2 in the cooled area and 38.4 °C ± 0.5 in the uncooled area. In both periods, the average maximum noise intensity was over 100 decibels. In the afternoon, the maximum intensity was higher for the uncooled environment. The results indicate that neither the fans nor the rooftop sprinklers installed in the facilities nor the squealing piglets during restraint affect the noise intensity of the environment. However, the noise intensity demonstrates the piglets’ stress and the need for protective equipment to preserve the workers’ hearing health.

Understanding the emergence of coordination behavior is of paramount importance in science and engineering. Environmental noise may have important impact on the coordination. In this brief, we consider a variation of the standard Cucker-Smale system in which individuals can not measure the states of others exactly. We present sufficient conditions on group size, noise intensity and communication rate to guarantee the almost surely exponential convergence toward flocking. We challenge the prevailing paradigm that noise suppressing the emergence of collective motion and report that noise may facilitate the emergence of ordered flocking behavior. We also find that group with high density can reach the ordered state more rapidly.

In the present study, dynamics of non-premixed hydrogen-air flames in two Y-shaped cylindrical micro combustors of different horizontal channel lengths (L = 100 and 200 mm) were experimentally compared. The inner diameters of the micro-combustors are 2 mm. Unburned mixture was ignited by heating the near-exit wall with a butane torch. The results show that six and three flame propagation modes in the 200-mm and 100-mm micro-combustors were observed, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the flame oscillation duration is much longer with a larger noise intensity in the 200-mm micro-combustor. As a result, the mean propagation speed under L = 100 mm is much larger. In addition, the edge flame is longer on the lean side under L = 100 mm and almost identical on the rich side for the two combustors. Furthermore, the luminosity of edge flame in the 100-mm micro-combustor is much brighter. Numerical analysis reveals that the deflection of propagating flame in the Y-shaped micro-combustor is determined by the stoichiometric line. In summary, the short combustor has a smaller heat loss ratio and a stronger flame-wall thermal coupling, which can enhance the combustion intensity and increase the flame propagation speed.

Noise sources can be found in the work environment. Physical stressors such as noise can cause various health problems. One of the psychological disorders found as a result of noise is work stress. PT. Bintang Intipersada has a fairly high noise intensity. So the researchers wanted to find the relationship of noise intensity with work stress levels in workers. This research method was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted at PT. Bintang Intipersada Shipyard Batam. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a population of 100 workers in 2019 and obtained the results of 61 workers determined by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were analyzed using the Spearman test. The results of this study found that workers who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA and experienced mild work stress by 15 (68.2%) people, workers who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA and experienced moderate work stress by 5 (22.7% ) people, then workers who are exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA and experience heavy work stress as much as 2 (9.1%) people. Whereas workers who were exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA and experienced light work stress by 3 (7.7%) people, workers who were exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA and experienced moderate work stress by 9 (23.1%) people, then workers exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA and experiencing heavy work stress as many as 27 (69.2%) workers. Spearman analysis results obtained significance value p = 0,000. This figure is significant because the p-value is smaller than the significance level (α) = 5% (0.05). Correlation value (r) is 0.667 which means strong correlations. So it can be concluded that there is a strong and meaningful relationship between noise intensity with work stress levels. Based on this study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between noise intensity with the level of work stress on workers.

LATAR BELAKANG Hipertensi didefinisikan tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. RISKESDAS 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 34,11%. Hipertensi merupakan risiko kesehatan umum pada pekerja yang terpapar kebisingan keras (≥ 85 dB(A)). Frekuensi, intensitas, durasi paparan, tipe bising dapat mengganggu aktivitas tubuh: sistem pendengaran dan non-pendengaran. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit multi-faktor yang dapat dipicu dari berbagai sumber seperti paparan bising. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan bising dengan hipertensi. METODE Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang mengikutsertakan 78 responden laki-laki dari 22-53 tahun di PT. X pabrik kabel yang beroperasi di Jawa Barat. Alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner sosiodemografi, spyghmomanometer, microtoise, timbangan berat badan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah hipertensi, intensitas bising, tipe bising, masa kerja, usia, jumlah konsumsi rokok. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan SPSS (p10 batang 39,7%. KESIMPULAN Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara intensitas bising dan usia dengan hipertensi pada karyawan pabrik industri kabel (p=0,007; p=0,019). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tipe bising, masa kerja, dan jumlah konsumsi rokok dengan hipertensi (p=0,281; p=0,139; p=0,257). KATA KUNCI Hipertensi, paparan bising, usia, intensitas bising, tipe bising

Noise in the workplace is often a separate problem for the workforce so that it can cause mental-emotional disturbance as well as the heart and circulatory system. According to the 2013 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of high blood pressure in Indonesia at the age of ≥18 years is 25.8%. So the researchers wanted to find a relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This research method was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted at PT. Bintang Intipersada Shipyard, Batam City. The sampling technique was a total sampling with a population of 100 workers in 2018 and obtained results of 61 workers determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were analyzed with a frequency distribution tabulated and tested with the Pearson Product Moment Test. The results of this study worker who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA had a normal blood pressure of 8 (36.5%) people, in workers who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA had blood pressure with Pre-hypertension as many as 12 (54.5% ) people, for workers exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA have 1 (4.5%) blood pressure with Stage 1 Hypertension, workers who are exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA have blood pressure with Stage 2 Hypertension as much as 1 (4.5 %) person. While workers who are exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA have normal blood pressure of 0 (0%) people, workers who are exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA have blood pressure with Pre-hypertension as much as 2 (5.1%) people, workers are exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA had blood pressure with Stage 1 Hypertension as many as 14 (35.9%) people, then workers exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA had blood pressure with Stage 2 Hypertension as many as 23 (59%) workers. The results of the Pearson Product Moment analysis value of p = 0,000

We study noise-induced intermittency in a synergetic model of two coupled oscillators with asymmetric nonlinear coupling. This model was previously used to simulate visual perception of ambiguous images. We show that additive noise induces preference for one of the coexisting unstable steady states. When the noise intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, the oscillations of one of the coupled subsystems are interrupted during some time intervals, resulting in intermittent oscillation death, while another subsystem exhibits noisy oscillations in the vicinity of an unstable fixed point.

The results of a study of the noise generating mechanism during the application of disk brakes on rolling stock are presented. It is shown that one of the main sources of noise generation is the deformation of the microgeometry of the surface layer and its elastic recovery, which occurs under the influence of the interaction of the working elements of the disk brake. The influence of the ratio of the working areas of the friction elements that model the brake pad and brake disc on the noise intensity during their interaction is estimated. A design and technical method is proposed for reducing the noise level of a disk brake during braking, which consists of increasing the ratio between the working areas of the brake pad and brake disc.

Particles moving in confined regions with bistable potential driven by weak signal and fluctuations may present a similar stochastic resonance (SR). This similar SR is called entropic stochastic resonance (ESR). The phenomenon of ESR in a confined asymmetrical bistable potential driven by a transverse periodic force is investigated when a non-Gaussian fluctuation is considered in the system. The left potential of the bistable system can be adjusted by introducing the asymmetrical ratio α. By the functional analysis and two-state theory, the approximate Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) is derived. It is found that there is a global maximum in the SNR curves when the asymmetrical ratio α and the noise intensity D are changed. It is also shown that the noise correlation time τ will suppress the ESR of the system and the departure q can obviously change the position of peak in the SNR. The above clues are helpful in achieving weak signal detection under irregular, small-scale systems.

The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) was introduced for highly dimensional systems, but it has poor performance in the presence of strong nonlinearities. The Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) has outstanding performance in strongly nonlinear systems, however, it is limited by high dimensionality. In this work, we provide a comparison between the EnKF and the CKF to elaborate the problems of each scheme in highly dimensional strongly nonlinear systems. To address these problems, we introduce a Cubature Ensemble Kalman filter (CEnKF) that is a combination between both types of filters making it more suitable for highly dimensional strongly nonlinear systems. These algorithms are tested by extensive computer simulations on several models for chaotic dynamical systems. In addition, the computational complexity of the CKF/EnKF/CEnKF is analyzed. Simulation results show that the CEnKF, given a large enough ensemble size, can perform better than the EnKF and CKF for highly dimensional strongly nonlinear systems with high measurement noise intensity. The CEnKF also has better stability than the EnKF, and it performs as good as the CKF with a large enough ensemble size.

Bridge dynamic monitoring based on GNSS has become an important means of monitoring bridge structure. GNSS dynamic monitoring signals are often overwhelmed by strong noises and multipath errors. Thus the conventional data processing methods such as Fourier transform, wavelet analysis, and others have poor denoising effect or obtain unconspicuous dynamic characteristics from weak vibration signals. To solve this problem, the present study proposes a new adaptive stochastic resonance method based on quantum genetic algorithm with known frequency as optimal parameter. Analyzing the simulation signals not only verifies the validity and scientificity of the method, but also analyzes its frequency extraction effect in the approximate error range of target frequency with different noise intensity. A notable bridge vibration frequency is obtained when the new method is applied to analyze the bridge dynamic monitoring data based on GNSS.

Palembang – Indralaya highway is a cross-provincial road where motor vehicle activity is constant, causing noise and affecting settlements along the road. Constant exposure to the noise that exceeds quality standards (55 dB) stipulated in Environmental Ministerial Decree (KEP.48/MENLH/11/1996), can cause a variety of health problems, such as hearing loss and psychological disorders. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the noise level along the Palembang-Indralaya road. This study used an observational approach through direct observations and measurements using the Mini InScienPro SQ-100 sound level meter. The noise level is measured at two locations, i.e., on the curb and in houses located along the highway. Based on the observations and measurements, the highest noise intensity was during the daytime (78.0 - 102.4 dB). The highest intensity of noise inside and outside the house are 74 and 90 dB, respectively. This is due to the high volume and activity of vehicles crossing the highway. The intensity of the noise received by the residents along the highway is above the quality standards, so as to handle the noise, trees need to be planted around the housing (barrier plants). Keywords: Noise intensity, highway, sound level Meter

Urban road networks significantly influence traffic noise. However, existing studies have neglected the causal chain between road characteristics and traffic noise; thus, clarity on their influencing mechanisms is lacking. In this study, structural equation models were developed to explore the mediated effect of road characteristics on traffic noise through traffic flow using data from field measurement in Dalian City, China; paired comparisons of scenarios though microscopic and macroscopic traffic simulations were performed for further analysis. The results show that lane number influences traffic noise mainly in terms of the number of vehicles in a group (NVG). More lanes indicate increased traffic demand due to connected urban land, which increases the NVG and, in turn, increases noise intensity but decreases noise amplitude. The influence of road segment length (RSL) on traffic noise mainly depends on the suppression effect. A longer RSL allows for higher vehicle speeds, leading to increased noise intensity and reduced noise amplitude. This also indicates that traffic flows disperse more easily, decreasing the NVG and, in turn, reducing noise intensity and increasing noise amplitude. Road junctions (RJ), which are classified according to the presence or absence of traffic lights, have significant direct effects on both noise intensity and noise amplitude, which are both likely to increase as drivers accelerate or decelerate in the middle of the road segment. These findings provide a reference for local governments and urban planners when working to improve quality of life in urban areas.

The characteristics of traditional fishing boats based on distance are very important to be studied as the main contributor to noise pollution in Cilacap waters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine noise intensity and frequency based on the distance for each traditional fishing boat (3, 5, and 10 Gross Tonage/GT). The results showed that these boats emitted noise with broadband frequency and peak receive levels of 137.6 dB re 1 μPa (3 GT fishing boat at 42.6 m). Furthermore, the noise characteristics were different for each type of ship due to differences in size, engine type, and operational speed. The receive level had the same decreased pattern based on the distance for each noise frequency but with a different intensity. Meanwhile, the noise frequency increased linearly based on the distance and was directly proportional to the pattern of change. Therefore, the higher the frequency, the faster the disappearance of the intensity with increasing distance., Noise; Traditional fishing boats; Frequency; Receive level; Cilacap waters.

The aim of multi-agent reinforcement learning systems is to provide interacting agents with the ability to collaboratively learn and adapt to the behavior of other agents. Typically, an agent receives its private observations providing a partial view of the true state of the environment. However, in realistic settings, the harsh environment might cause one or more agents to show arbitrarily faulty or malicious behavior, which may suffice to allow the current coordination mechanisms fail. In this paper, we study a practical scenario of multi-agent reinforcement learning systems considering the security issues in the presence of agents with arbitrarily faulty or malicious behavior. The previous state-of-the-art work that coped with extremely noisy environments was designed on the basis that the noise intensity in the environment was known in advance. However, when the noise intensity changes, the existing method has to adjust the configuration of the model to learn in new environments, which limits the practical applications. To overcome these difficulties, we present an Attention-based Fault-Tolerant (FT-Attn) model, which can select not only correct, but also relevant information for each agent at every time step in noisy environments. The multihead attention mechanism enables the agents to learn effective communication policies through experience concurrent with the action policies. Empirical results showed that FT-Attn beats previous state-of-the-art methods in some extremely noisy environments in both cooperative and competitive scenarios, much closer to the upper-bound performance. Furthermore, FT-Attn maintains a more general fault tolerance ability and does not rely on the prior knowledge about the noise intensity of the environment.

The aim of this article is to review our recent work on nonlocal dynamics of non-Gaussian systems arising in a gene regulatory network. We have used the mean exit time, escape probability and maximal likely trajectory to quantify dynamical behaviors of a stochastic differential system with non-Gaussian $$\alpha$$-stable Levy motions, to examine how the non-Gaussianity index and noise intensity affect the gene transcription processes.

Introduction: Noise is an unwanted sound heard by the hearers, which can trigger health problems if it continues to be exposed to a certain intensity. One of the health problems that can arise due to noise is the blood pressure increase. This study aims to analyze the influence of noise intensity and age to the blood pressure increase. Methods: This study was an observational study completed with cross-sectional design and analytics. The independent variables in this study were the noise intensity and age, while the dependent variable was the blood pressure. The sample collection of this study applied the total sampling method with 46 employees as respondents, i.e., 29 employees of the heavy-duty shop and 17 employees of the EHS Department in PT. Vale Indonesia. The data analysis was conducted by using the logistic regression statistical test with α-value of 0.05. Results : the noise intensity affected the increase of both systolic blood pressure (significance/p-value=0.00) and diastolic blood pressure (significance/p-value=0.01) with an odds ratio of the increase of systolic blood pressure (Exp (B) =9.75) and the increase of diastolic blood pressure (Exp (B)=5.76). Furthermore, the variable of age does not influence the increase of both systolic (significance/p-value=0.57) and diastolic (significance/p-value=0.41) blood pressures. Conclusion: the rise of the blood pressure of the employees is affected by the noise intensity factor in the workplace. Keywords: noise intensity, age, blood pres s ure

PURPOSE A growing concern in the community of oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) is the progressive hearing loss that has become more evident in older surgeons. Very few studies have focused on the effects on a surgeon's hearing based on his or her environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the noise produced by suction, compared with federal guidelines, could have a damaging effect on the hearing of OMSs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CEM DT-8851 industrial high-accuracy digital sound noise level meter data logger (CEM Instruments, Bengal, India) was used to capture the sound intensities in various procedures. The sound meter was used to record the intensities of sound produced, in decibels, in clinics and operating rooms. The analysis was divided into different variables: non-drilling/suction (in which neither a drill nor suction was used but suction was on), suction, drilling, suction and drilling, suction and irrigation, and Yankauer suction. RESULTS A total of 50 clinic and 50 operating room procedures were recorded, focusing on suction. The noise intensities captured were analyzed based on federal workplace standards. Compared with non-drilling/suction, all other noise exposures on average were greater in intensity and statistically significant with P

We study the effects of different coupling strengths and network topologies on signal detection in small-world neuronal networks. Research has previously revealed that the ability of detecting subthreshold signals could be significantly enhanced by appropriately fine-tuning the noise intensity. Here we show that the coupling strength and the structure of the underlying network can also lead toward enhanced signal detection. In particular, we show that there are two levels of the coupling strength at which the subthreshold signal can be detected at an appropriate noise intensity and network structure. We also show that the network structure has little impact on signal detection if the coupling is weak. On the other hand, for intermediate coupling strengths, we show that the shorter the average path length, the better the signal detection. Finally, if the coupling is strong, we show that there exists an intermediate average path length at which signal detection becomes optimal.

Sudden environmental perturbations may affect population dynamics. Parameters of mathematical models can also be imprecise due to uncertainties and unknown data. How sudden environmental noise and parameter imprecision influence the dynamics of epidemic systems remains unclear. This paper studies a stochastic Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Susceptible (SIRS) model that includes Levy jumps and interval parameters. We prove that the model has a unique global positive solution. Sufficient conditions for persistence and extinction of the disease are obtained. Large noise intensity is able to suppress the emergence of disease outbreaks. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the influence of stochastic noise on disease dynamics. These results suggest that Levy jumps and imprecise parameters can greatly affect the long-term behavior of the epidemic system.

Reducing aircraft noise is a pressing issue. To solve it, information is needed on the parameters of the acoustic fields of noise sources. A study was made of the acoustic characteristics of models of noise-attenuating devices. Analysis of the research results revealed the design of the noise-attenuating device with the greatest effect. Based on the results of the research, a noise-attenuating device for the «Ansat» helicopter was developed. The proposed measures to reduce the acoustic pulsations of the engines of a light helicopter.

This paper attempts to investigate the stochastic resonance (SR) behaviors in two kinds of asymmetric nonlinear systems with time-delayed feedback driven by additive colored noise by virtue of two-state theory, small time delay approximation, path integral approach, and unified colored-noise approximation, where asymmetric nonlinear systems include asymmetric well depth and asymmetric well width alone. The characteristics of SR in two kinds of asymmetric systems are different for different asymmetric ratios and correlated times of additive colored noise. For asymmetric well width, optimal noise intensity is independent of asymmetric ratio and correlated time, whereas for asymmetric well depth it is closely related with asymmetric ratio and correlated time. However, optimal noise intensity is closely related with feedback intensity, and time-delay for two kinds of asymmetries. Even there exists the optimal feedback intensity, time delay and correlated time to make output SNR maximum. Above clues are helpful to achieve weak signal detection under strong background noise.

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with non-linear incidence rate and transfer from infectious to susceptible. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution of the model with any positive initial value are proved. Next, sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence of the disease are established. It is found that a large noise intensity has the effect of suppressing the epidemic. At last, some numerical simulations are introduced to demonstrate the theoretical results. Our results generalize and improve the existing results.

We discuss the dynamic of a stochastic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate.The crucial threshold $\tilde{R}_0$ is identified and this will determine the extinction and persistence of the epidemic when the noise is small. We also discuss the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model around the endemic equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic system. When the noise is large, we find that a large noise intensity has the effect of suppressing the epidemic, so that it dies out. Finally, these results are illustrated by computer simulations.

In order to improve the noise reduction performance and the clarity of denoising images, a composite convolutional neural network composed of the convolutional autoencoder network and the feature reconstruction network is proposed. Multiple convolutional layers are added into the autoencoder to extract the image feature information and improve the denoising performance, and the feature reconstruction network is designed to recover the texture and detail information of the image. The cross-connected structure is used to fuse feature information in the convolutional autoencoder network into the feature reconstruction network. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better noise reduction performance than the existing methods for different noise intensity. More texture and detail information could be retained, and the clearer denoising images could be obtained.

The number of potential participants in information diffusion is dynamically changing, and the topological structure of a real social network is affected by environment noise. In this paper, a stochastic information diffusion model considering both population perturbation and connectivity variation has been proposed. For the model on homogeneous network, we show the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution and give a sufficient condition of extinction of information. A series of numerical simulations on Watts-Strogatz (WS) network, Barabási-Albert (BA) network and real-world Facebook network have been conducted to verify the theoretical analysis and evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed model to relevant parameters. We find that both population perturbation and connectivity variation have great impacts on information diffusion process. In general, the connectivity variation noise promotes the spread of information, and the population perturbation noise corresponding to I-infected individuals inhibit the spread of information. In the case of large noise intensity, the population perturbation noise corresponding to I-infected individuals plays a decisive role compared with the connectivity variation noise.

The work is devoted to the problem of the Gaussian white noise influence on a canard cycle in a dynamic model of an electrochemical reaction. This study is conducted on the example of an electrochemical reaction of the Cooper-Slyter type. An analysis of noise-induced transitions was performed, the effect of external disturbances on the limit cycle is investigated, the sensitivity of the cycle to the noise is found. A critical noise intensity, at which the small-amplitude oscillations are transformed into mixedmode oscillations, is obtained. It is shown that an increase in the intensity of random perturbations can lead to significant deformations of the modes in the model up to their destruction.

The output effect of fractional-order stochastic resonance (FOSR) system is affected by many factors such as input system parameters and noise intensity. In practice, many tests are needed to adjust parameters to achieve the optimal effect, and this way of “trial and error” greatly limits the application prospect of FOSR. Based on genetic algorithm, a suitable adaptive function was established to adjust the multiple parameters, including the fractional order, system parameters, and the input noise intensity of the fractional bistable system. Simulation results showed that the algorithm can achieve joint optimization of these parameters. It was proved that this algorithm is conducive to the real-time adaptive adjustment of the FOSR system in practical applications and conducive to the application and extension of FOSR in weak signal detection and other fields. The proposed algorithm has certain practical value.

Psychological or mental problems is one of the health problems that often occur in workers in an industry. Noise is one of the factors that can affect job stress. Production worker of PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi has the potential to experience work stress. Method: This research is an observational research with descriptive research design with crossectional approach. Sampling using total sampling method, with 49 respondents. The variables in this study are job stress, noise intensity, noise complaints and respondent characteristics. Results: Respondents were on average 30 years old with the youngest age of 19 years and the oldest was 40 years old. Most recent education is taken by the respondent is the level of Senior High School (SMA). Most of the respondents are married. The average respondent has been working for 3.5 years. Most workers are exposed to noise with an intensity of 85 - 90 dBA. There are 38.8% of workers who feel disturbed by the noise work environment. Working stress in the medium category has the highest proportion with a percentage of 51%. Discussion: Workers production PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi mostly experience moderate work stress. Occurrence of work stress tends to increase in line with the increase in noise intensity. Workers who feel disturbed by the noise are mostly experiencing moderate work stress.

Um dos principais riscos ergonômicos ao qual são submetidos os operadores de máquinas agrícolas e florestais é o ruído. Porém, a intensidade de ruído experimentada por profissionais que atuam, tanto como operadores como auxiliares nas imediações dessas máquinas, é pouco conhecida. Por isso, esta pesquisa objetivou quantificar os níveis de ruídos sofridos por trabalhadores nas proximidades das frentes de trabalho agrícola e florestal. Para isso, foram utilizadas neste trabalho as seguintes máquinas: Trator da marca New Holland modelo TM 135-4x2 com tração dianteira auxiliar (TDA); trator da marca Valmet, modelo 785 4x2; trator da marca Jonh Deere, modelo 5065E-TDA; motocultivador da marca Kubota M 160 e motosserra da marca Husqvarna modelo 281 XP. Os dados foram coletados em rotação nominal de trabalho de cada máquina. As avaliações de ruídos foram realizadas com medidor de pressão sonora (decibelímetro) no entorno de cada máquina posicionada no centro de uma área plana, com as dimensões de 9 x 9 metros, totalizando 100 pontos, utilizando-se os dados coletados para a geração de mapas de ruído, utilizando o programa Surfer®8.0. Os dados foram avaliados pela análise de variância utilizando o teste ta 5% de significância, utilizado o coeficiente de Pearsonnas correlações. O ruído no entorno da máquina pode ser maior que no próprio posto de trabalho do operador, sendo que as distâncias seguras para uma jornada de 8 horas variaram entre 3 a 6,5 metros para tratores e 4,7 metros para a motosserra. Ao avaliar o ruído no posto de trabalho das máquinas, com exceção do trator com cabine, faz-se necessária a utilização de protetor auricular para uma jornada superior a 3 horas sendo que para a motosserra o tempo máximo de exposição foi de 1 hora.

We investigate a non-smooth stochastic epidemic model with consideration of the alerts from media and social network. Environmental uncertainty and political bias are the stochastic drivers in our mathematical model. We aim at the interfere measures assuming that a disease has already invaded into a population. Fundamental findings include that the media alert and social network alert are able to mitigate an infection. It is also shown that interfere measures and environmental noise can drive the stochastic trajectories frequently to switch between lower and higher level of infections. By constructing the confidence ellipse for each endemic equilibrium, we can estimate the tipping value of the noise intensity that causes the state switching.

Electrical generators in Iraq have been a series problem regarding occupational and environmental pollution.The current study aimed to determine the level of general health status among generator workers in AlDiwaniyah City Iraq, and its correlation with noise and demographic data . A descriptive cross-sectionaldesign was conducted in the current study . It was carried out at the private electrical generators inA-Diwaniyah City from the period between the 15th of October 2020 until the 15th of March 2021 . Apurposive study of 150 generator workers has been selected .General health was determined by GeneralHealth questionnaire (GHQ-28) which is comprised of 28 items, and include four aspects : somatic, social, depression and anxiety . Noise intensity level was measured by sound level meter (SLM) . The results ofthe present study revealed that average level of noise intensity inside the workers’ room was (78.12 db) ;while it was (104.14 db) near the generator . The results also showed that the assessment of most domain(social, depression, and anxiety) was moderate, except for somatic domain which it was good . There was asignificant negative correlation between noise and depression and anxiety . It has been concluded that : Mostof the generator workers showed a moderate level of general health status ; Most of the generators workershad moderate level for anxiety, depression and social aspects ; Noise intensities inside the generator roomsexceeds the upper limits accepted for human health .

The authors show that neural networks exhibiting noise-induced rhythms, also known as quasi-cycle oscillations, can synchronize through out-of-phase locking depending on the noise intensity and the size of the coupling delay

In this study, Stochastic resonance phenomenon in Morris-Lecar neurons was investigated. Obtained results showed that Stochastic resonance occurs in all classes of Morris-Lecar neuron. It is also observed that the weak signal detection performance of Type I neurons are significantly high compared the weak signal detection performance of Type II and III neurons at the optimal noise intensity. In addition, it is seen that the signal detection frequency range of Morris-Lecar neurons are similar for all classes. However, it was noticed that the threshold of amplitude ensuring firing in Type III neurons was higher than Type I and II neurons.

En el presente trabajo de grado, se evidencia la labor social realizada en el municipio de Gachancipá en el marco de la administración del alcalde José Joaquín Cubides Ariza en el periodo 2019-2 y la alcaldesa Karen Milena León Aroca en el periodo 2020-1 y como opción de grado para optar por el título de ingeniero industrial por la universidad Santo Tomás. Es un proyecto que apoya a la comunidad juvenil del municipio por medio de la implementación de una sala de prácticas y estudios musicales para agrupaciones juveniles que no cuentan con un espacio adecuado para tal fin. Esta práctica comunitaria está enfocada en el estudio técnico y la gestión necesaria para poder adecuar un espacio como sala de prácticas musicales y ayudar a la administración municipal a estructurar el proyecto haciendo uso de herramientas de ingeniería, gestionar la mano de obra, realizar cotizaciones de los implementos y equipos necesarios para la sala, determinar el impacto que este proyecto en la comunidad joven del municipio, además de definir estrategias para fomentar a la participación de los jóvenes en la implementación del mismo. Se evidencia la contextualización de la situación, investigación realizada, la gestión y los resultados obtenidos trabajando de la mano con los enlaces de juventudes de la alcaldía municipal, guiando el proyecto hacia el objetivo de garantizar espacios físicos adecuados para la evolución y el desarrollo integral de niños, niñas y adolescentes, contenido en la resolución 409 de 2018. In the present performance of the degree, the social work carried out in the municipality of Gachancipá in the framework of the administration of the mayor José Joaquin Cubides Arisa in the period 2019-2 and the mayor Karen Milena León Aroca in the period 2020-1 and as Option of degree to opt for the title of industrial engineer from the Santo Tomas University. It is a project that supports the youth community of the municipality through the implementation of a practice room and musical studies for youth groups that do not have adequate space for this purpose. This community practice is focused on the technical study and management necessary to be able to adapt a space as a musical practice room and help the municipal administration to structure the project, manage the workforce, make quotations for the implements and equipment necessary for the room, carry out necessary studies to determine the feasibility and impact that this project may have on the young community of the municipality, in addition to defining strategies to promote community participation in its implementation. The contextualization of the situation, the research carried out, the management and the results obtained are evidenced by working hand in hand with the links of youths of the municipal mayor's office, guiding the project towards the objective of the affected physical spaces for evolution and integral development. of children and adolescents, contained in resolution 409 of 2018. Ingeniero Industrial http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

International audience; Fully supervised deep-learning based denoisers are currently the most performing image denoising solutions. However, they require clean reference images. When the target noise is complex, e.g. composed of an unknown mixture of primary noises with unknown intensity, fully supervised solutions are hindered by the difficulty to build a suited training set for the problem. This paper proposes a gradual denoising strategy called NoiseBreaker that iteratively detects the dominating noise in an image, and removes it using a tailored denoiser. The method is shown to strongly outperform state of the art blind denoisers on mixture noises. Moreover, noise analysis is demonstrated to guide denoisers efficiently not only on noise type, but also on noise intensity. NoiseBreaker provides an insight on the nature of the encountered noise, and it makes it possible to update an existing denoiser with novel noise profiles. This feature makes the method adaptive to varied denoising cases.

We report on the effects of additive noises in a nonchaotic logistic map. In this system, the Lyapunov exponent changes from negative to positive as the noise intensity is increased. When the Lyapunov exponent is negative, the synchronization of orbits with different initial conditions occurs. We find that the synchronization time cannot be determined solely by the Lyapunov exponent when the noise intensity is greater than a point at which the Lyapunov exponent is minimum. We show that this reduction of the synchronization time is attributed to initial nonstationary behaviors, where the critical point of the logistic map plays an important role.

Today, all smartphones contain a variety of embedded sensors capable of monitoring and measuring relevant physical qualities and quantities, such as light or noise intensity, rotation and acceleration, magnetic field, humidity, etc. Combining data from these different sensors and deriving new practical information is the way to enhance the capabilities of such sensors, known as sensor fusion or multimodal sensing. However, the authors hypothesize that the sensing technology that is embedded in smartphones may also support daily life task management. Because one of the biggest challenges in mobile sensing on smartphones is the lack of appropriate unified data analysis models and common software toolkits, the authors have developed a prototype for a mobile sensing architecture, called Sensing Things Done (STD). With this prototype, by applying multimodal sensing and gathering sensor data from performing a specific set of tasks, the authors were able to conduct a feasibility study to investigate the hypothesis set above. Having examined to what extent the task-related activities could be detected automatically by using sensors of a standard smartphone, the authors of this chapter describe the conducted study and provide derived recommendations.

Remote passive sonar detection and classification are challenging problems that require the user to extract signatures under low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio conditions. Adaptive line enhancers (ALEs) have been widely utilized in passive sonars for enhancing narrowband discrete components, but the performance is limited. In this paper, we propose an adaptive intrawell matched stochastic resonance (AIMSR) method, aiming to break through the limitation of the conventional ALE by nonlinear filtering effects. To make it practically applicable, we addressed two problems: (1) the parameterized implementation of stochastic resonance (SR) under the low sampling rate condition and (2) the feasibility of realization in an embedded system with low computational complexity. For the first problem, the framework of intrawell matched stochastic resonance with potential constraint is implemented with three distinct merits: (a) it can ease the insufficient time-scale matching constraint so as to weaken the uncertain affect on potential parameter tuning, (b) the inaccurate noise intensity estimation can be eased, (c) it can release the limitation on system response which allows a higher input frequency in breaking through the large sampling rate limitation. For the second problem, we assumed a particular case to ease the potential parameter a o p t = 1 . As a result, the computation complexity is greatly reduced, and the extremely large parameter limitation is relaxed simultaneously. Simulation analyses are conducted with a discrete line signature and harmonic related line signature that reflect the superior filtering performance with limited sampling rate conditions, without loss of generality of detection, we considered two circumstances corresponding to H 1 (periodic signal with noise) and H 0 (pure noise) hypotheses, respectively, which indicates the detection performance fairly well. Application verification was experimentally conducted in a reservoir with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method surpasses the conventional ALE method in lower frequency contexts, where there is about 10 dB improvement for the fundamental frequency in the sense of power spectrum density (PSD).

Harmonic and subharmonic components are contained in the spectrum of the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). These components are widely used in the brain-computer interface (BCI) technology and neuroscience research. Subharmonics cannot be easily induced, and the mechanism of the power variation of these components are ambiguous. In this paper, the induced factors and power variation of the SSVEP subharmonics are studied by a visual cortex network model simulation. The SSVEP subharmonics with orders higher than 1/2 are easily suppressed by noise. Therefore, the power variation of the SSVEP subharmonics with 1/2 order, and their induction factors are further analyzed. Simulation results show that the stimulus frequency, stimulus intensity, and noise intensity are three important parameters affecting the generation and power variations of the SSVEP subharmonics. If the stimulus intensity is weak, the 1/2 subharmonics cannot be induced. When the stimulus intensity increases to a certain value, 1/2 subharmonics appear in the SSVEP, and their power increases sharply with the increasing stimulus intensity. However, when the stimulus intensity exceeds a certain threshold, the 1/2 subharmonics remain constant. The bandwidth of the stimulus frequency, which can induce 1/2 subharmonics increases with increasing stimulus intensity under the same noise condition. Generation of 1/2 subharmonics and its power are suppressed by noise.

BACKGROUND: Noise exposure in hospitals can negatively impact both patients and doctors. It can make patients feel more anxious or depressive and can impair doctors’ concentration or judgment, potentially leading to poor decision-making or performance. In China, an increasing number of outpatient operating rooms have emerged in recent years for the convenience of patients planning to undergo minor surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of noise exposure in the outpatient operating room and ways to deal with it. METHODS: By monitoring noise at different locations in three hospitals, we analyzed the average noise exposure intensity affecting outpatient operative procedures. After noise monitoring, we made some constructive suggestions and other adjustments to reduce and lower the noise exposure in one outpatient operating room [the experimental operating room (EOR)] to observe the feasibility and effectiveness of noise control in and out of the outpatient operating room. RESULTS: Noise intensity in the outpatient operating room was significantly higher than that in the inpatient operating room (68.3±14.7 vs. 45.7±9.6, P

Neutrosophic set (NS) is a powerful tool to deal with indeterminacy. In this paper, the neutrosophic set is applied to the image domain and a novel edge detection technique is proposed. Noise reduction of images is a challenging task in image processing. Salt and pepper noise is one kind of noise that affects a grayscale image significantly. Generally, the median filter is used to reduce salt and pepper noise; it gives optimum results while compared to other image filters. Median filter works only up to a certain level of noise intensity. Here we proposed a neighborhood-based image filter called nbd-filter, it works perfectly for gray image regardless of noise intensity. It reduces salt and pepper noise significantly at any noise level and produces a noise-free image. Further, we proposed an edge detection algorithm based on the neutrosophic set, it detectsedges efficiently for images corrupted by noise and noise-free images. Since most of the real-life images consists of indeterminate regions, neutrosophy is a perfect tool for edge detection. The main advantage of the proposed edge detector is, it is a simple and efficient technique and detect edges more efficient than conventional edge detectors.