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This study aims to evaluate the dietary replacement effect of various levels of fish meal (FM) with meat meal (MM) on the growth, feed utilization, chemical composition, hematological parameters, and innate immune responses of olive flounder. A total of 360 juvenile fish (initial weight of 14.7 g) were randomly assigned to 18 flow-through containers. The control (MM0) diet included 65% FM. Then, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% FM in the MM0 diet were replaced with MM, referred to as the MM10, MM20, MM30, MM40, and MM50 diets, respectively. The fish were hand-fed to satiation daily for 56 days. Weight gain, the specific growth rate, the feed efficiency ratio, and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the MM0 diet were statistically greater than those of fish fed the MM30, MM40, and MM50 diets, but not statistically different from those of fish fed the MM10 and MM20 diets. To incite the maximum values of weight gain and the specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish, an estimated 7.0% of FM substitution with MM in diets was required according to regression analysis. However, the feed consumption, protein retention, hematological parameters, and innate immune (superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activities) responses of the fish were not statistically impacted by the dietary replacement levels of MM for FM. In conclusion, the feed ingredient grade of MM can substitute FM by up to 20% in the diet without causing any negative impact on the growth, feed consumption, feed utilization, or innate immune responses of olive flounder.

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to determine digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in meat meal (MM) and to compare these values with those in fish meal (FM), and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs.Methods: Two experiments were conducted to determine energy concentrations and STTD of P in MM, FM, and SBM fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, DE and ME in the 3 test ingredients were measured using 24 barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 77.7±8.3 kg. A corn-based diet and 3 diets containing corn and 22% to 30% of each test ingredient were prepared. In Exp. 2, the STTD of P in the 3 test ingredients was measured using 24 barrows (90.9±6.6 kg BW). Three diets were formulated to contain each test ingredient as the sole source of P.Results: In Exp. 1, the DE and ME values in MM (3,310 and 2,856 kcal/kg dry matter [DM]) were less (p

Проведены рыбоводные испытания и выполнена биологическая оценка эффективности применения продукционных комбикормов для молоди осетровых рыб с полным замещением рыбной муки на мясную. Установлено, что такая замена не влияет на рыбоводные показатели, химический состав мышечной ткани и дает положительный экономический эффект при выращивании рыб в установках замкнутого цикла водоснабжения (УЗВ)., The aquacultural test of the nutritional and biological value of the commercial compound feeds for juvenile acipenserid fishes with full substitution of meat meal for fishmeal was performed. It was found that this substitution did not affect the productive performance and chemical composition of muscular tissue in growing fishes and resulted in better profitability of the rearing of the fishes in closed-cycle production units., Комбикорма, Выпуск 12 2020

The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in meat meal (MM), and to compare these values with the respective values in soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows (initial body weight = 66.9 +/- 3.8 kg) surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were allotted to a replicated 3x3 balanced Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two experimental diets containing test ingredients as the sole source of AA were prepared to estimate the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) for CP and AA by the direct method. An N-free diet was also prepared to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All experimental diets contained 5% chromic oxide as an indigestible index. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation period and a 2-d of ileal digesta collection period. Heal digesta samples were collected from 0900 to 1700 on d 6 and 7 of each period. The concentrations of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp in MM and SBM were analyzed to be 64.1, 3.5, 1.1 and 0.6, and 45.6, 2.8, 0.8, and 0.3%, respectively. The AID of all AA except Gly in MM was less (p

This study was undertaken to explore the potential of FT-IR technique for discriminating different species of processed animal proteins (PAPs) based on their fat characteristics. A total of 47 source-reliable PAPs samples containing fish meal, porcine, bovine, ovine and poultry meat and bone meal (MBM) were involved in the present study. The results obtained showed that the FT-IR differentiated quite well between the fat derived from different species of PAPs, especially at the bands of 3,006 cm-1 and 722 cm-1. Results provided evidence that FT-IR differentiated the fat derived from fish meal, terrestrial non-ruminant and ruminant MBM quite well. Fish meal and ruminant MBM samples could be discriminated effectively by both the sensitivity and specificity values which were 1.00 and 1.00, respectively. For non-ruminant MBM samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 and 0.96, respectively. However, it was hard to distinguish bovine MBM from ovine ones as well as porcine MBM from poultry ones. The result makes it possible to allow FT-IR analytical methodology as a preliminary study for the exploitation of a rapid and reliable way for the identification of the animal origin of PAPs used in feeding stuffs.

A study is carried out with two groups of japanese quails in order to check the possibility to substitute cocoon meal (B.mori L.) for meat meal as well as to evaluate a growth potential in these conditions. The forage mixture of control group contains 7% meat meal. The experimental forage mixture contains 7% cocoon meal and has equal nutritive value. The substitution of meat meal with the cocoon meal in quails food results in better growth development during first days of their life. Both sexes have higher body weight - 11.1%; 8.7% and 9.8% respectively in 7th, 14th and 21 day of life. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the period from 0 to 35th day as well as the fi nal body weight of birds in two groups is equal. The cocoon meal can be the suitable constitutor in starter forage mixture for quails guaranteed equivalent growth and FCR.

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de uma dieta alimentar contendo fontes protéicas de diferentes degradabilidades ruminais e silagem de milho preparada com ou sem inoculante PIONEER 1174, no desempenho animal. Foi conduzido um experimento fatorial, em que as fontes protéicas (farinha de carne e osso, uréia e uma mistura de ambas [50:50]) foram combinadas com dois tipos de silagens, formando os seis tratamentos experimentais. Foram utilizados 36 novilhos Santa Gertrudis, com 3,5 anos de idade, distribuídos ao acaso nos tratamentos. Diferenças significativas não foram encontradas entre tratamentos para consumo de matéria seca e as interações entre fontes protéicas ou tipos de silagens também não foram significativas. Para o ganho médio diário de peso não houve diferença significativa entre tratamentos, mas a interação entre fontes protéicas mostrou-se significativa. Os animais alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de carne e ossos apresentaram ganhos significativos em relação aos alimentados com uréia. Contrastes entre tipos de silagens não mostraram diferença.The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of diets with different protein sources of ruminal degradability and corn silage prepared with or without the inoculant PIONEER 1174 on animal performance. A factorial experiment was conducted, where the protein sources (meat and bone meal, urea and a mixture of both [50:50]) were combined with two types of silage, composing six treatments. Thirty six 3.5 years old Santa Gertrudis steers were randomly assigned to the treatments. There were no difference between treatments for dry matter intake, not even when the interactions were made among protein sources or types of silage. For average daily gain there were no significant differences among treatments, but the interactions among protein sources were significant. Animals fed diets with meat and bone meal showed higher weight gain than those fed urea. Contrasts between types of silage did not show any difference.

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de uma dieta alimentar contendo fontes protéicas de diferentes degradabilidades ruminais e silagem de milho preparada com ou sem inoculante PIONEER 1174, no desempenho animal. Foi conduzido um experimento fatorial, em que as fontes protéicas (farinha de carne e osso, uréia e uma mistura de ambas [50:50]) foram combinadas com dois tipos de silagens, formando os seis tratamentos experimentais. Foram utilizados 36 novilhos Santa Gertrudis, com 3,5 anos de idade, distribuídos ao acaso nos tratamentos. Diferenças significativas não foram encontradas entre tratamentos para consumo de matéria seca e as interações entre fontes protéicas ou tipos de silagens também não foram significativas. Para o ganho médio diário de peso não houve diferença significativa entre tratamentos, mas a interação entre fontes protéicas mostrou-se significativa. Os animais alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de carne e ossos apresentaram ganhos significativos em relação aos alimentados com uréia. Contrastes entre tipos de silagens não mostraram diferença. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of diets with different protein sources of ruminal degradability and corn silage prepared with or without the inoculant PIONEER 1174 on animal performance. A factorial experiment was conducted, where the protein sources (meat and bone meal, urea and a mixture of both [50:50]) were combined with two types of silage, composing six treatments. Thirty six 3.5 years old Santa Gertrudis steers were randomly assigned to the treatments. There were no difference between treatments for dry matter intake, not even when the interactions were made among protein sources or types of silage. For average daily gain there were no significant differences among treatments, but the interactions among protein sources were significant. Animals fed diets with meat and bone meal showed higher weight gain than those fed urea. Contrasts between types of silage did not show any difference.

Use of Some Local Animal Protein Sources in the Feeding of Broilers. Two trials were conducted in view of determining the optimum conditions of using animal by-products in the feeding of broiler chicks. In the first experiment 600 broiler chicks of "Shaver" breed were distributed in 12 pens and received 4 treatments : blood meal, minerai nitrogen and vitaminated concentrate, fish meal and the fourth treatment was a combination of blood and fish meal. In the second experiment, 648 broiler chicks of "Arbor Acres" breed were used in 4 treatments : a combination of blood meal and fish meal, blood meal and meat meal, fish meal plus meat meal and the last treatment a combination of the three protein sources. Each experiment lasted 8 weeks. Both experiments showed that blood meal alone was not a good protein source for broilers, however the combination of different protein sources gave good results.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do bagaço de cana hidrolizado e da ponta de cana-de-açúcar no desempenho de bovinos, 72 novilhos Nelore, com idade média de 18 a 30 meses e 293 kg PV, foram confinados durante 99 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 40,0% de bagaço de cana hidrolizado (BAH) e 20,0% ponta de cana (tratamentos T1 e T4); 20,0 de BAH e 40,0% de ponta de cana (T2 e T5); e 30,0 de BAH e 30,0% de ponta de cana (T3 e T6). Duas fontes protéicas: levedura seca, associada aos tratamentos T1, T2 e T3 e farinha de carne mais aditivo (Nutrigen), associada aos tratamentos T4, T5 e T6 também foram usadas. A ingestão média diária de matéria seca (kg/animal), a conversão alimentar e o ganho de peso médio (kg/animal•d) foram para T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 e T6, respectivamente, 4,01; 5,50; 5,06; 4,50; 7,33; e 12,71, 17,14; 13,09; 14,79; 8,79; 17,45; e 12,71 e 0,234; 0,420; 0,342; 0,516; 0,420; e 0,454. Os animais que receberam farinha de carne mais aditivo (Nutrigem) apresentaram melhor desempenho animal. With the objective to evaluate the effect of hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse and sugar cane tops in the performance of cattle, 72 Nellore steers, averaging from 18 to 30 months of age and 293 kg LW were feedlot for 99 days. The treatment consisted in 40.0% hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse (BAH) and 20.0% sugar cane tops (treatments T1 e T4), 20.0 BAH and 40.0% sugar cane tops (T2 and T5), and 30.0 BAH and 30.0% sugar cane tops (T3 and T6). Two protein sources: dried yeast, associated with the treatments T1, T2, and T3 and meat meal plus additive (Nutrigen), associated to T4, T5 and T6, were also used. The average daily dry matter intake (kg/ animal), the feed:gain ratio (kg DM/kg gain/animal•d ) and the average weight gains were for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively, 4.01, 5.50, 5.06, 4.50, 7.33, and 12.71, 17.14, 13.09, 14.79, 8.79, 17.45, and 12.71 and .234, .420, .342, .516, .420, and .454. The animals fed diets with meat meal plus Nutrigen, showed best animal performance.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do bagaço de cana hidrolizado e da ponta de cana-de-açúcar no desempenho de bovinos, 72 novilhos Nelore, com idade média de 18 a 30 meses e 293 kg PV, foram confinados durante 99 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 40,0% de bagaço de cana hidrolizado (BAH) e 20,0% ponta de cana (tratamentos T1 e T4); 20,0 de BAH e 40,0% de ponta de cana (T2 e T5); e 30,0 de BAH e 30,0% de ponta de cana (T3 e T6). Duas fontes protéicas: levedura seca, associada aos tratamentos T1, T2 e T3 e farinha de carne mais aditivo (Nutrigen), associada aos tratamentos T4, T5 e T6 também foram usadas. A ingestão média diária de matéria seca (kg/animal), a conversão alimentar e o ganho de peso médio (kg/animal•d) foram para T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 e T6, respectivamente, 4,01; 5,50; 5,06; 4,50; 7,33; e 12,71, 17,14; 13,09; 14,79; 8,79; 17,45; e 12,71 e 0,234; 0,420; 0,342; 0,516; 0,420; e 0,454. Os animais que receberam farinha de carne mais aditivo (Nutrigem) apresentaram melhor desempenho animal.With the objective to evaluate the effect of hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse and sugar cane tops in the performance of cattle, 72 Nellore steers, averaging from 18 to 30 months of age and 293 kg LW were feedlot for 99 days. The treatment consisted in 40.0% hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse (BAH) and 20.0% sugar cane tops (treatments T1 e T4), 20.0 BAH and 40.0% sugar cane tops (T2 and T5), and 30.0 BAH and 30.0% sugar cane tops (T3 and T6). Two protein sources: dried yeast, associated with the treatments T1, T2, and T3 and meat meal plus additive (Nutrigen), associated to T4, T5 and T6, were also used. The average daily dry matter intake (kg/ animal), the feed:gain ratio (kg DM/kg gain/animal•d ) and the average weight gains were for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively, 4.01, 5.50, 5.06, 4.50, 7.33, and 12.71, 17.14, 13.09, 14.79, 8.79, 17.45, and 12.71 and .234, .420, .342, .516, .420, and .454. The animals fed diets with meat meal plus Nutrigen, showed best animal performance.

Foram utilizados nove terneiros da raça Holandesa (139 ± 2,4kg), fistulados no duodeno, em um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado para estudar o efeito da suplementação com diferentes fontes protéicas (2% de uréia ou 10% de farinha de carne na dieta total) de dietas ricas em concentrado (milho e farelo de soja) sobre o local e extensão da digestão do alimento, em condições de consumo ad libitum. A relação volumoso:concentrado das dietas foi de 30:70. A digestibilidade ruminal e total da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, assim como o fluxo duodenal de nitrogênio microbiano e residual do alimento, e a eficiência da síntese protéica microbiana foram semelhantes nos dois tratamentos (P>0,10). A digestibilidade ruminal do amido também foi semelhante, mas a digestibilidade total foi menor no tratamento com uréia (PNine weaned Holstein calves (139 ± 2.4kg) fitted with duodenal cannulas were used in a completly ramdomized design to study the effects of supplemental protein sources (2% of urea or 10% of meat meal) of high concentrate diets (corn and soybean meal) on site and extent of digestion of feed, in ad libitum feeding conditions. The forage:concentrate ratio was 30:70. The ruminal and total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen, as well as microbial and feed residual nitrogen duodenal flow, and the microbial protein synthesis efficiency were similar for both treatments (P>0.10). The ruminal digestibility of starch was also similar, but total digestibility was lower for urea treatment (P

Larvae of Hermetia illucens feed on different types of decomposing organic matter and their development depends on the quality and quantity of food ingested. In this study the effect of three artificial diets was analyzed, namely hen feed, meat meal and a mixture of these two diets. The effects of diet on ovarian development, size, mortality, duration of the larval and pupal stages and sex ratio were studied. Results indicate that the meat meal diet was the worst of the three diets in terms of percentage mortality and duration of the larval and pupal stages. We conclude that food ingested by the black soldier fly larvae determines both the physiological and morphological development of the adults. This study was funded by a contract between the company Flysoil S.L. and the University of Alicante (FLYSOIL 2-09I), the scholarship sub-programme Torres Quevedo 2010–2012 (Ministry of Innovation and Science 2012) and partially by the projects GRE09-27 (University of Alicante) and GV/2011/039 (Generalitat Valenciana).

Foi avaliado o efeito da suplementação da glutamina em dietas contendo ingredientes de origem animal sobre o desempenho e a integridade intestinal de pintos de corte, criados até 21 dias de idade. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de combinações entre tipos de dieta, com ingredientes de origem vegetal ou vegetal+animal e suplementação de glutamina (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0%). O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2x4, tipos de ração x percentagem de glutamina, com cinco repetições e 12 pintos por unidade experimental. Não houve efeito da interação tipo de dieta versus suplementação de glutamina sobre o desempenho, e os tratamentos não influenciaram o desempenho de pintos de corte. Houve efeito quadrático da suplementação de glutamina sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta. A suplementação com glutamina aumentou altura de vilos e profundidade de cripta no duodeno. A utilização de produtos de origem animal em dietas para pintos na fase inicial não prejudica o desempenho, e a inclusão de glutamina melhora a integridade intestinal. The effect of glutamine supplementation in diets formulated with animal by-products on the performance and integrity of the small intestine of broiler chicks up to 21 days of age was evaluated. The treatments were the combination of types of diets (only with ingredients from a vegetal source or vegetal plus animal source) and levels of glutamine (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0%). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial scheme (kinds of diets x levels of glutamine), with five replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit. No interaction between diets and glutamine supplementation and treatment effects on the performance traits were observed during the chick starter phase. There was a quadratic effect of glutamine on the crude protein digestibility coefficient. Birds supplemented with glutamine diets showed higher villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum. Broiler diets formulated with animal ingredients have no effect on chick performance during the initial phase, and glutamine supplementation improved the small intestine integrity.

A substituição parcial da farinha de carne suína por farelos vegetais em dietas para juvenis de carpa húngara (Cyprinus carpio) foi avaliada em cinco dietas experimentais: um controle (farinha de carne suína (FCS) como fonte protéica) e quatro dietas vegetais: farelo de soja (FS), farelo de canola (FC), farelo de girassol (FG) ou farelo de linhaça (FL), substituindo 50% da proteína proveniente da FCS. 195 juvenis (43,4±0,4g) foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (9 e 15 horas) durante 71 dias. Ao final do experimento, maior peso (205,69g), ganho em peso (2,29g dia-1), taxa de crescimento específico (2,2% dia-1) e conversão alimentar (1,74) foram obtidos nas dietas com FCS, seguido dos tratamentos FC e FS que não diferiram entre si. Os peixes alimentados com FCS, FG e FS apresentaram maior gordura corporal. A dieta FL apresentou piores resultados de desempenho, coeficiente de retenção protéica, deposição de proteína e gordura corporal e no filé. Pode-se concluir que a dieta à base de farinha de carne suína proporciona maior crescimento e deposição de proteína em juvenis de carpa húngara, comparada às dietas com farelos vegetais; os parâmetros de carcaça (rendimentos e índices digestivos) não são afetados pelas fontes protéicas da dieta. Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-14T18:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 taffarel.pdf: 57181 bytes, checksum: bb47e07cf7dc315810d7489577e5036d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas durante 71 dias com diferentes fontes protéicas. No experimento 1, foi avaliado o farelo de soja associado à farinha de carne e ossos (CS), levedura (LS) ou farinha de peixe (PS). No segundo experimento avaliaram-se os níveis de 0, 35 e 70% de substituição da farinha de carne e ossos da dieta CS do experimento 1 por farelo de soja (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectivamente). As fêmeas foram induzidas à desova utilizando-se extrato hipofisário de carpa. No experimento 1, o diâmetro do saco vitelino foi maior nos ovos das matrizes alimentadas com as dietas CS e PS. No experimento 2, o desenvolvimento embrionário, vitelínico e larval foi superior no tratamento CS0. Conclui-se que a utilização de farinha de carne e ossos e farelo de soja como fontes protéicas apresentam-se como boa opção na alimentação de fêmeas reprodutoras de jundiá. Two trials were carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of jundiá females fed during 71 days with different protein sources. In the first trial soybean meal was associated to meat and bone meal (CS), sugar cane yeast (LS) and fish meal (PS). In the second trial the effect of replacement of meat and bone meal by soybean meal was evaluated to the levels 0, 35 and 70% of the CS diet (CS0, CS35 e CS70, respectively). The spawning of females were induced with carp hypophysis extract. In the trial 1, embryonic development was higher in the eggs from females fed CS and PS. In the trial 2, embryonic, vitelinic and larval development were higher in CS0 treatment. This concluded that meat and bone meal and soybean meal used as protein sources showed good option in the feeding of reproductive jundiá females.

Varkensvleesmeel in vleeskuikenvoer kan de hoge verwachtingen niet waarmaken, blijkt uit onderzoek van Wageningen UR Livestock Research.

Near infrared refl ectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used in combination with chemometrics to discriminate between fi shmeal, meat meal and soya meal samples. Samples were obtained from commercial feed mills and scanned in the NIR region (1100 - 2500 nm) in a monochromator instrument in refl ectance mode. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis were used to classify samples based on their NIR spectra. Full cross-validation was used in the development of classifi cation models. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) correctly classifi ed 85.7% of the fi shmeal samples and 100% of the meat meal and soya meal samples. These results demonstrate the usefulness of NIR spectra combined with chemometrics as an objective and rapid method to classify fi shmeal, meat meal and soya meal samples. NIR spectroscopic methods can be easily implemented in food mills and may be most useful for initial screening at early stages in the food production chain, enabling more costly methods to be used selectively for suspected specimens. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el uso de la espectrofotometria de refl ectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIR) en combinacion con la quimiometria para discriminar muestras de harinas de pescado, carne y soja. Muestras provenientes de molinos racioneros comerciales fueron leidas en un equipo monocromador NIRS (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, USA) en el rango de longitudes de onda de 400 a 2500 nm, en refl ectancia. Analisis de componentes principales (APC) y de discriminantes utilizando la tecnica de los cuadrados minimos parciales (PLS-DA) fueron usados para clasifi car las muestras de acuerdo a su origen. El metodo de la validacion cruzada fue utilizado para validar los modelos. El 85,7% de las muestras de harina de pescado y el 100 % de las muestras de carne y soja fueron correctamente clasifi cados usando el metodo PLS-DA. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demuestran el potencial uso de la refl ectancia en el infrarrojo cercano combinada con la quimiometria como un metodo rapido y de bajo costo para clasifi car muestras de harina de pescado, carne y soja.

Meat and bone meal and meat meal in diets and their effects on performance and health status of laying hens has been reviewed. Properties of dietary animal proteins are compared with dietary vegetable proteins and possible causative factors for differences in performance and health are described in this report

Meat and bone meal and meat meal in diets and their effects on performance and health status of laying hens has been reviewed. Properties of dietary animal proteins are compared with dietary vegetable proteins and possible causative factors for differences in performance and health are described in this report Het gebruik van diermeel in voer en het effect ervan op technische resultaten en gezondheid bij leghennen is bestudeerd in een deskstudie. De eigenschappen van dierlijk eiwit zijn vergeleken met die van plantaardig eiwit en mogelijke oorzaken voor een verschil in performance en gezondheid worden beschreven in dit rapport

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el método de digestibilidad proteica aparente in vivo en ratas con el método alternativo in vitro con pepsina, así como determinar el grado de correlación entre ambos métodos. Para ello, se determinó la digestibilidad proteica de tres insumos utilizados en la elaboración de alimentos comerciales para perros (torta de soya, harina de carne y harina de pollo), tres alimentos comerciales para cachorros (C1, C2 y C3); tres alimentos comerciales para perros adultos (A1, A2 y A3); y un control que fue caseinato de sodio. Para la prueba in vivo se utilizaron 60 ratas albinas de laboratorio (Rattus norvegicus) de 23 días de edad y para la prueba in vitro se utilizó el método de la pepsina estandarizado en el Laboratorio de Nutrición de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la UNMSM. El coeficiente de correlación entre ambos fue de 0.94 y la regresión fue: Y, in vivo = 11.037 + 0.804 (X, in vitro), siendo la digestibilidad proteica in vitro estadísticamente mayor que la digestibilidad aparente in vivo (p< 0.05). Se concluye que existe una alta correlación entre los métodos empleados para medir la digestibilidad proteica de insumos y alimentos usados en la alimentación canina. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo apparent protein digestibility method in rats and the in vitro pepsin digestibility method as well as their level of correlation. Three protein sources used in commercial dog foods (soybean meal, meat meal, and chicken meal), three commercial adult dog foods (A1, A2, and A3), three commercial puppy foods (C1, C2, and C3), and sodium caseinate as a control group were evaluated. For the in vivo assay, 60 twenty-three-day-old albino laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used and for the in vitro method the standardized pepsin method used at the Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UNMSM was evaluated. The correlation coefficient between the in vivo and in vitro methods was 0.94, whereas the in vitro digestibility was statistically higher than the in vivo digestibility (p

A study is carried out with two groups of japanese quails in order to check the possibility to substitute cocoon meal (B.mori L.) for meat meal as well as to evaluate a growth potential in these conditions. The forage mixture of control group contains 7% meat meal. The experimental forage mixture contains 7% cocoon meal and has equal nutritive value. The substitution of meat meal with the cocoon meal in quails food results in better growth development during first days of their life. Both sexes have higher body weight - 11.1%; 8.7% and 9.8% respectively in 7th, 14th and 21 day of life. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the period from 0 to 35th day as well as the fi nal body weight of birds in two groups is equal. The cocoon meal can be the suitable constitutor in starter forage mixture for quails guaranteed equivalent growth and FCR., Проведено е проучване с две групи японски пъдпъдъци с цел да се установят възможностите за заместване на трупното брашно с брашно от какавиди на копринената пеперуда (Bombyx mori L.) и да се оценят растежните способности на пъдпъдъците при това. Фуражната смеска на контролната група съдържаше 7% трупно брашно, а на опитната - 7% какавидено, при еднакъв хранителен състав. Заместването на трупното брашно с какавидено в смеските за пъдпъдъци е свързано с по-добро тегловно развитие на птиците през първите дни от живота им. Общо за двата пола живото тегло на птиците от опитната група е било достоверно по-високо с 11,1; 8,7 и 9,8% съответно на 7-, 14- и 21-дневна възраст. Конверсията на фураж за периода 0-35 дни, както и крайното живо тегло на птиците от двете групи са практически еднакви. Какавиденото брашно може успешно да замени трупното в стартерните смески за пъдпъдъци, като гарантира равностоен растеж и конверсия на фуража.

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto que ejerce adicionar harina de carne en bloques multinutricionales (BMN) sobre la digestibilidad y el consumo voluntario de las diversas fracciones de la ración, se realizó un ensayo, utilizándose un diseño de experimento completamente al azar. Para tal fin se seleccionaron 25 ovinos mestizos en crecimiento (12-18 kg PV). Los animales se ubicaron en jaulas metabólicas, asignados a 5 tratamientos (5 animales/tratamiento): T0: heno de Brachiaria humidicola + minerales, T1: heno + BMN con 0% de harina de carne (HC), T2: heno + BMN con 4% de HC, T3: heno + BMN con 8% de HC y T4 : heno + BMN con 12% de HC. Se analizaron los consumos de: heno (CH), relativo de heno (CRH= % PV) de bloques (CB), relativo de bloques (CRB= % PV), de materia seca (MS, CMS=CH+CB), relativo de MS (CRMS= % PV), de materia orgánica (MO, CMO) y consumo relativo de MO (CRMO= % PV). Igualmente se analizaron las digestibilidades de la MS (DMS) y la MO, (DMO). El análisis de varianza no detectó diferencias en CH, CRH, CB y CRB. CMS, CMO, CRMS y CRMO (P

El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una evaluación biológica a tres insumos proteicos utilizados en la alimentación comercial de perros: torta de soya (TS), harina de carne (HC) y harina de pollo (HP). Se utilizaron las pruebas biológicas de Relación de Eficiencia Proteica (PER), Digestibilidad Verdadera (DV), Utilización Neta de las Proteínas (NPU) y Valor Biológico (VB). Se empleó 40 ratas albinas de 23 días de edad distribuidas en grupos de acuerdo al insumo proteico utilizado en la dieta: grupos TS, HC, HP, control (caseinato de sodio) y aproteico. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: PER: TS = 1.86, HC = 1.39, HP = 1.69, control = 2.11; DV: TS = 98.76, HC = 96.95, HP = 98.13, control = 99.19; NPU: TS = 58.19, HC = 35.52, HP = 60.19, control = 96.46; VB: TS = 0.59, HC = 0.37, HP = 0.61, control = 0.97. La PER de la HC fue significativamente menor que la PER de los otros insumos (p, The aim of this study was to biologically assess three protein sources used in commercial dog food: soy meal (TS), meat meal (HC), and chicken meal (HP) using four biological tests: Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), True Digestibility (DV), Net Protein Utilization (NPU) and Biological Value (VB). 40 albino laboratory rats of 23 days of age were used. Five groups were formed according to the protein source: groups TS, HC, HP, control group (sodium caseinate) and a non protein-group. The results were: PER: TS = 1.86, HC = 1.39, HP = 1.69, control = 2.11; DV: TS = 98.76, HC = 96.95, HP = 98.13, control = 99.19; NPU: TS = 58.19, HC = 35.52, HP = 60.19, control = 96.46; VB: TS = 0.59, HC = 0.37, HP = 0.61, control = 0.97. PER results in the HC group were significantly lower than other groups (p

Feeding Trials on Finishing Broilers Incorporating Earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae Meal. Seventy broilers of the "hubbard" breed raised in individual battery cages were divided equally into 2 groups R1 and R2 fed diets containing 5 % cow meat meal and 3.65 % Eudrilus eugeniae worm meal respectively. At the end of the experiment which lasted 4 weeks, both groups showed the same mean daily food consumption, mean daily weight gain, mean feed conversion, proportions of abdominal fat and carcass. The substitution ofmeat meal by worm meal was therefore considered efficient at the rates used.

Varkensvleesmeel in vleeskuikenvoer kan de hoge verwachtingen niet waarmaken, blijkt uit onderzoek van Wageningen UR Livestock Research.

Foram utilizados nove terneiros da raça Holandesa (139 ± 2,4kg), fistulados no duodeno, em um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado para estudar o efeito da suplementação com diferentes fontes protéicas (2% de uréia ou 10% de farinha de carne na dieta total) de dietas ricas em concentrado (milho e farelo de soja) sobre o local e extensão da digestão do alimento, em condições de consumo ad libitum. A relação volumoso:concentrado das dietas foi de 30:70. A digestibilidade ruminal e total da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, assim como o fluxo duodenal de nitrogênio microbiano e residual do alimento, e a eficiência da síntese protéica microbiana foram semelhantes nos dois tratamentos (P>0,10). A digestibilidade ruminal do amido também foi semelhante, mas a digestibilidade total foi menor no tratamento com uréia (P0.10). The ruminal digestibility of starch was also similar, but total digestibility was lower for urea treatment (P

RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria para avaliar dietas baseadas em cana-de-açúcar suplementadas com diferentes fontes protéicas. As dietas testadas foram constituídas de 75% de matéria seca (MS) de cana-de-açúcar e 25% por: T1 - farinha de carne + grãos de sorgo; T2 - farelo de arroz desengordurado + uréia; T3- farelo de soja e T4 -grãos de sorgo + uréia. Todas as dietas foram isonitrogenadas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com as mesmas dietas. No experimento I, 12 ovinos, machos castrados, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas, foram utilizados durante dois períodos, para determinar a digestibilidade das dietas. No experimento II, foram utilizados 16 novilhos, cruzas de 2,5 a 3,0 anos de idade e peso inicial de 300kg. Foram distribuídos quatro animais por tratamento, segundo um desenho de blocos casualizados e alimentados por um período de 84 dias. Os resultados de digestibilidade e consumo com ovinos foram: 59,68; 58,77; 64,69 e 63,53% para digestibilidade da MS; 56,32; 51,43; 71,69 e 64,41% para digestibilidade da proteína bruta; 51,76; 46,99; 53,86 e 62,55% para a digestibilidade da fibra bruta e 31,30; 34,50; 35,63 e 30,02 g/kg PV75 para o consumo de MS digestível para os tratamentos T1, T2, T3e T4, respectivamente. No experimento II, o ganho médio diário durante os 84 dias de confinamento foi: 1,59;1,24; 1,43 e 1,07kg para os tratamentos T1 a T4, respectivamente. Apesar da diferença de 0,52kg, entre o maior e menor ganho diário entre tratamentos, não foi verificada diferença estatística significativa. Comparando as duas dietas que continham uréia (T2 e T4), com aquelas contendo principalmente proteína verdadeira (T1 e T4), evidenciou-se que a fonte protéica afetou o ganho de peso que foi de 1,16kg para a média dos tratamentos com uréia e 1,51 kg para a média dos outros tratamentos. SUMMARY The present study was carried out at the "Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria" to evaluate sugar-cane based diets containing different protein sources. The four diets tested were constituted of 75% of dry matter (DM) as sugar-cane and 25% as concentrates formed by: T1 -meat meal + sorghun grain; T2 - rice bran + urea; T3 -soybean meal and T4 - sorghum + urea. All diets had the same level of nitrogen content. Two experiments were conducted with the same diets: in experiment I, 12 castrated male sheep were kept in metabolic cages and used to determine digestibility and intake of the experimental diets during two periods. In experiment II, 16 crossbred 2.5 to 3.0 years old steers with 300kg body weight were distributed, four to each treatment, according to a completely randomized block design and fed in pens for a 84 days period. The results of digestibility and intake obtained were: 59,68; 58,77, 64,69 and 63,53% for dry matter digestibility, 56,32; 51,43; 71,69 and 64,41% for crude protein digestibility, 51,76; 46,99; 53,86 and 62,55% for crude fibre digestibility and 31,30; 34,50; 35,63 and 30,02g/kg PV75 for digestible dry matter intake for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. . Although there was a 0.52kg difference between the highest and lowest average daily gain, this was not statiscally signifficant. Comparing the two diets containing urea (T2 and T4) with those containing mainly true protein (T1 and T3) it was shown that the protein source affect body weight gain in steer, 1.16kg for treatments with urea and 1.51 kg for the other two treatments.

ÖZET Bu araştırmada devlet sektörü et kombinası, özel sektör et kombinası ve hammaddeyi dışarıdan sağlayan özel rendering şirketlerinin, yan ürün değerlendirme teknolojileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla ortak üretimleri olan et-kemik unlarının kimya sal bileşimleri, kendi aralarında ve T. S. E. et-kemik unu norm değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca devlet sektörünce üretilen kan unu kimyasal bileşimlerinin, T. S. E. kan unu norm değerleri ile karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır. Numunelerin kimyasal analizlerinde ham protein, ham yağ, rutubet ve ham kül Çalışılmıştır. Bulduğumuz değerlere göre, devlet sektörünce üretilen et- kemik unu ham proteini % 49.8 ile % 57.6 arasında, ham yağ % 19 ile % 19.1 arasında, rutubet % 8.2 ile % 8.4 arasında, ham kül % 22.7 dir. özel et kombinasınca üretilen et-kemik unu ham proteini % 40.6 ile % 41.7 arasında, ham yağ % 10.9 ile % 11 arasında, rutu bet % 4.5 ile % 5.9 arasında, ham kül % 38.6 ile %39 arasında bulunmuştur. özel rendering şirketlerince üretilen et-kemik unu ham proteini % 35.2 ile % 35.3 arasında, ham yağ % 9.5 ile % 10.1 arasında, rutubet % 5.1 ile % 5.2 arasında ve ham kül % 42.6 ile % 48.8 arasında bulunmuştur. Kan unu analizlerinde devlet sektörünce üretilen kan unu ham proteini % 69.4, ham yağ % 4.7 ve rutubet % 18.8 olarak bulun muştur. Bu değerleri ile, et-kemik unlarında devlet sektörü hamprotein bakımından T. S. E. Tankaj (I. sınıf), özel et kombinası T. S. E. Karkas (II. sınıf) ve özel rendering şirketleri ise T. S. E. Karma tip (II I. sınıf) kabul edilebilir. Ancak devlet sektörünce üretilen et-kemik ununun ham protein değerinin yanı sıra, hara yağ ve rutubet değerlerinin de yüksek oluşu bir dezavantajdır. Buna göre, devlet sektörü tarafından pazarlanan et-kemik unlarının özel sektörce pazarlanan et-kemik unlarından daha nitelikli olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak bu durum maliyet, stok bulun durma, standart üretim, yağ ve rutubet fazlalığı gibi faktörler göz önüne alındığında, özel sektör lehine değişmektedir. Sonuçta her üç sektörün de standart üretim yapamadığı ve gereksinimleri karşılayamadığı görülmektedir. SUMMARY THE INVESTIGATION ON THE PRODUCTION PROCESS AND COMPOSITION OF SLAUGHTER-HOUSE BY-PRODUCTS In this study, industrial processing of slaughter house by products which from Government owned combined plants, private owned meat combined plants and private owned rendering companies which obtained crude material from abroad are examinated. For these purposes, meat and bone meals chemical compounds which manifactured in some way are compared with each other and T.S.E. (Turkey Standardization Enstitute) meat and bone meal norm values are compared with these values. In addition, each blood meal chemical compounds which manifactured by Government owned meat combined plants and T.S.E. blood meal norm value are also compared with each other. The crude protein, crude fat, moisture and crude ash are obtained in samples' chemical analyse. We found that the meat and bone meals which manifactured in government owned meat combined plants, consist of crude protein between 49.8 % and 57.6 %, crude fat between 19 % and 19.1 %, moisture between 8.2 % and 8.4 and crude ash average 22.7 %. The percentage of meat and bone meal which manifactured private owned meat combined plants analyses are between 40 % and 41.7 % for crude protein, 10.9 % and 11 % for crude fat, 4.5 % and 5.9 % for moisture, 38.6 % and 39 % for crude ash. The percentage of meat and bone meals which manifactured private owned rendering companies analyses are between 35.2 % and 35.3 % for crude protein, 9.5 % and 10.1 % for crude fat, 5.1 % and 5.2 % for moisture and 42.6 % and 48.8 % for crude ash.The government owned blood meal chemical analyses consist of average 69.4 % for crude protein, 4.7 % for crude fat and 18.8 % for moisture. Because of these values, it may be admit that government owned meat combined plants for crude protein property is T.S.E. Tankage (first class), it's carcas type (second class) for private owned meat combined plants and it's mixed type (third class) for private owned rendering companies in meat and bone meals. In addition the government owned meat combined plants has high values of fat and moisture. This is also disadvantage for it. Kfe suggested that government owned meat combined plants meat and bone meals were so quality than private owned combined plants meat and bone meals, but private owned combined plants has more advantages because of charges, stocks, standart manifaction, excess of fat and moisture and other factors. The end of, the manifactured in all sectors is not enough and not reply to all necessaries. KEY WORDS : Bone meal, Meat meal, Blood meal, Meat and bone meals, By Products of Slaughter-house. 97

With the aim of disclosing a possibility for gastrin and bombesin to participate in the postprandial regulation of the renal hemodynamic response, 10 healthy males were studied before and after a meat meal (2 g/kg BW of proteins as cooked red meat). We evaluated the time course changes of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) renal plasma flow (RPF), and the plasma concentrations of gastrin, bombesin, glucagon, and total amino acids. After the meat meal a significant increase in GFR and RPF was seen, within 30 min, along with an increase in plasma gastrin and glucagon. Bombesin and amino acid concentrations increased at a later time. The data suggest but cannot demonstrate a causal role for gastrin and glucagon in the genesis of the hyperfiltration response to acute protein administration.

Gebruik van slachterij-afvallen, gedroogde kippenmest, vliegenlarven en aardwormen in pluimveevoeders in ontwikkelingslanden wordt beschreven

De belangrijkste resultaten worden weergegeven van de voederproeven met flotatieslib, slib dat ontstaat door uitvlokking van het afvalwater van slachterijen. In deze proeven is de voederwaarde en de gebruikswaarde van flotatieslib voor mestvarkens bepaald

Gebruik van slachterij-afvallen, gedroogde kippenmest, vliegenlarven en aardwormen in pluimveevoeders in ontwikkelingslanden wordt beschreven

Resultaten van onderzoek naar voederwaarde voor varkens van 11 partijen flotatieslib. Flotatieslib is het afgeroomde gedeelte van de sliblaag die is verkregen door flocculatie/flotatie van de eiwitten en vetten uit het afvalwater van slachterijen

De belangrijkste resultaten worden weergegeven van de voederproeven met flotatieslib, slib dat ontstaat door uitvlokking van het afvalwater van slachterijen. In deze proeven is de voederwaarde en de gebruikswaarde van flotatieslib voor mestvarkens bepaald

Resultaten van onderzoek naar voederwaarde voor varkens van 11 partijen flotatieslib. Flotatieslib is het afgeroomde gedeelte van de sliblaag die is verkregen door flocculatie/flotatie van de eiwitten en vetten uit het afvalwater van slachterijen

Tubular function was measured by lithium clearance (CLi) and by its derived formulae before and after the transient increase (lasting 90min) in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) following a meat meal (2g protein/kg body weight) in 12 normal children. Three baseline and 4 clearances after the meal were obtained, each lasting 30min. The mean baseline CLi was 23.1 ± 1.64ml/min/1.73m2. At peak GFR response (60min from starting the meal), CLi averaged 27.6 ± 2.4ml/min/1.73m2 (p < 0.025vs. baseline) and it was further increased (32.2 ± 5.04ml/ min/1.73m2, p < 0.01 vs. baseline) 120min after starting the meal, while GFR returned to baseline values. Fractional lithium excretion averaged 0.23 ± 0.04 at baseline and increased continuously after the meat meal and, at completion of the study, it averaged 0.38 ± 0.07 (p < 0.025vs. baseline). The distal absolute and fractional sodium reabsorption increased throughout the studies following the meal and peaked at 120 min. The functional changes were associated with a statistically significant increase in the plasma concentration of insulin, glucagon, and total amino acids after the meal. The latter at the end of the study was almost doubled (5,600 ± 780 versus 3,200 µM at baseline, p < 0.01). The data indicate that the tubulo glomerular feedback mechanism operates normally after a meat meal. The finding on increased distal sodium reabsorption might point to the existence of an insulin-dependent mechanism.

7 pages, 5 figures.-- Available online Jun 16, 1998., Thirty six Merino lambs with average initial live weight of 13.5 kg (SE ± 0.56 kg) were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement (4 lambs per group). The treatments were three concentrate supplements (barley [B], barley 82.5% plus soybean meal 14.5% [BSM] and barley 82.5% plus meat meal 14.5% [BMM]) and three slaughter weights (20, 25 and 30 kg live weight). The lambs fed the B diet consumed less concentrate supplement (0.701 vs. 0.780b and 0.758b kg DM day−1, P0.05) in crude protein intake between BSM and BMM. (171.0 vs. 179.7 g crude protein day−1). The source of dietary protein (soybean meal vs. meat meal) did not have a significant influence (P>0.05) on performance and chemical body composition of lambs. The interactions between the effect of slaughter weight and the concentrate supplement were non-significant (P>0.05). This study suggests that meat meal can successfully replace soybean meal as a protein supplement for growing lambs from weaning to 30 kg live weight and offer an alternative to soybean meal as a regional protein source for lamb diets.

The renal hemodynamic response to a meat meal (2 g/kg BW) was studied in 11 healthy children and in 10 children with a mean plasma creatinine concentration of 2.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl due to chronic renal failure (CRF) of various etiologies. In the healthy status, after a meat meal, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased significantly from a baseline value of 119.0 +/- 5.0 to a peak of 159 +/- 5.8 ml/min x 1.73 m2; in CRF baseline GFR averaged 49 +/- 4.0 and at peak 76.6 +/- 7.2 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.005). The peak GFR response was reached earlier in healthy subjects than in CRF (p less than 0.05) and did not correlate with age or with baseline GFR. Renal plasma flow (RPF) in healthy controls increased from 532 +/- 32 at baseline to 646 +/- 42.9 ml/min x 1.73 m2 after the meal (p less than 0.005). Also in CRF after a meat meal there was a significant increase in RPF from 278 +/- 51 to 65 +/- 66 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.005). The filtration fraction was not affected. The percent increase over baseline values of GFR and RPF at the peak was significantly higher in diseased children. Renal reserve averaged 28.1 +/- 5.3 ml/min in diseased children and 39.7 +/- 5.2 ml/min (p less than 0.01). The data indicate that (1) a meat meal is a suitable method to recruit renal reserve in normal children and in children with chronic renal failure, and (2) the renal reserve is normal in chronic renal failure.

Gebruik van slachterij-afvallen, gedroogde kippenmest, vliegenlarven en aardwormen in pluimveevoeders in ontwikkelingslanden wordt beschreven