1. Trauma-related altered states of consciousness in post-traumatic stress disorder patients with or without comorbid dissociative disorders
- Author
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Espen Ajo Arnevik, Harald Bækkelund, Paul A. Frewen, Akiah Ottesen Berg, and Ruth A. Lanius
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虐待和忽视儿童 ,050103 clinical psychology ,trastorno de estrés postraumático ,创伤相关的意识状态改变 ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,medicine.drug_class ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dissociative ,trauma-related altered states of consciousness ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,modelo 4-D ,disociación ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,解离 ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Dissociative disorders ,child abuse and neglect ,media_common ,4-D模型 ,Basic Research Article ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,• The ‘4-D model’ of dissociation categorizes symptoms into trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) and normal waking consciousness (NWC), which occur along four dimensions: time, thought, body and emotion. •The main predictions of the model were supported in patients with PTSD, with and without comorbid dissociative disorders. •The 4-D model represents a promising framework for understanding dissociation across trauma-related disorders ,Traumatic stress ,解离障碍 ,medicine.disease ,trastornos disociativos ,4-D model ,030227 psychiatry ,dissociative disorders ,创伤后应激障碍 ,maltrato infantil y negligencia ,post-traumatic stress disorder ,Consciousness ,business ,Altered state ,estados alterados de conciencia relacionados al trauma ,Dissociation ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: The four-dimensional (‘4-D’) model has been proposed as a theoretical framework to understand and delineate trauma-related dissociative experiences, categorizing symptoms into trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) and normal waking consciousness (NWC), which occur along four dimensions: time, thought, body and emotion. Objective: The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of this model in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with and without comorbid dissociative disorders. Method: The predictions of the 4-D model were tested in 142 patients with PTSD, with (N = 46) and without (N = 96) comorbid dissociative disorders. Results: As predicted by the 4-D model, experiences of TRASC were less frequent and more specifically related to other measures of dissociation, dissociative disorder comorbidity and a history of childhood sexual abuse compared to experiences of NWC. The predicted lower intercorrelation of TRASC was not supported. Conclusion: The 4-D model represents a promising framework for understanding dissociation across trauma-related disorders.
- Published
- 2023
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