Search

L'article repassa els temes sobre els quals ha publicat la Revista Tradumàtica des del número 0 (2001) fins al 19 (2021). Es recullen els testimonis de diversos autors que van escriure en els diferents números i que valoren com ha canviat la disciplina, la indústria de la traducció i els perfils professionals, alhora que reflexionen sobre la seva evolució i els reptes de futur. This article reviews the topics published in Revista Tradumàtica from first issue 0 in 2001 until issue 19 in 2021. It gathers the testimonies of various authors who contributed to the different issues, changes in translation, the translation industry and professional profiles, while reflecting on this evolution and futures challenges. El artículo repasa los temas sobre los que ha publicado la Revista Tradumàtica desde el número 0 (2001) hasta el 19 (2021). Se recogen los testimonios de varios autores que escribieron en los distintos números y que valoran como ha cambiado la disciplina, la indústria de la traducción y los perfiles profesionales, a la vez que reflexionan sobre su evolución y los retos de futuro.

Introduction: Armed conflict is devastating to the health system, is a public health concern and recovery is an enormous challenge. The independence of South Sudan in 2011 brought much hope. However, eight years later, the country is still at conflict with itself. Although rich in resources, it is ranked among the poorest in the world and depends on donor funding for most service delivery, especially health. In an international context, promoting the localisation of humanitarian aid and the integration of health services, there is a lot to learn from the roles being played by healthcare workers (HCWs) throughout the conflict in South Sudan. Method: A literature review was conducted to identify the roles of local HCWs in South Sudan since 2011. Four databases were searched, grey literature sourced, and snowballing done to capture additional documents for a comprehensive analysis. Questions were adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative and systematic reviews guided appraisals of the articles. Results were systematically coded, synthesised and summarised using a priori and emergent themes. Results: The health system in South Sudan is very fragmented with heavy dependence on humanitarian aid. There is serious shortage in health workforce with heavy reliance on unskilled workers to fill in the gaps, mainly in rural settings. Although close collaboration exists among different stakeholders to deliver integrated services, poor infrastructure, insecurity, lack of capacity and donor dependency still poses a challenge towards localisation of aid and sustainability. Conclusions: The literature reviewed for this study indicates that the road towards localisation of health care is possible but will depend highly on continued collaboration between the different contributors, integration of services, building capacity of the nationals, increased government funding and infrastructural development. Local involvement of HCWs by international agencies is paramount in ownership and sustainability of services.

Since becoming a signatory of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, El Salvador has endeavored to incorporate these international commitments into its programmatic f ramework, its Five-Year Development Plan (2014-2019). The United Nations subscribed a support f rame to enhance these efforts, based on the creation of a national sustainable development agenda in El Salvador. This involves coordination with the global development goals and indicators outlined in the SDGs in order to integrate social policies and national development plans. However, these efforts entail the identification of territories as specific units for implementing this national agenda, and measurement of the progress made towards fulfilment. This article examines the main difficulties and challenges involved in the localization of the municipalities for the 2030 agenda in the country. A partir de la subscripción a la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible en el año 2015, El Salvador ha realizado esfuerzos para incorporar estos compromisos internacionales en sus marcos programáticos, así como una alineación a su Plan Quinquenal de Desarrollo (2014-2019). Para potenciar este esfuerzo, Naciones Unidas suscribió un marco de apoyo especializado a partir de la creación de una agenda nacional de desarrollo sostenible en El Salvador. Lo anterior supone la coordinación para la integración de las políticas sociales y los planes de desarrollo nacional con las metas e indicadores globales de desarrollo propuestos en los ODS. Sin embargo, estos esfuerzos implican identificar a los territorios como unidades específicas para la implementación de esta agenda nacional y su correspondiente medición sobre el avance en su cumplimiento. Este artículo tiene el propósito de explorar las principales dificultades y desaf íos de la localización de la agenda 2030 en los municipios salvadoreños.

This document focuses on describing and analysing the use cases that will demonstrate and validate the technologies to be tested in the PREDICT-6G project and establish the system requirements necessary to achieve the project's goals. Each use case will be described, outlining the targets and KPIs, and analysing the technical components and systems, based on a common definition of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that will be used to analyse and evaluate the technologies used in the project and a standard methodology to compare the uses case, which are described in this document. Taking this in account, a traffic characterization and the system requirements for the projects are also define in this document, as well as, an initial explanation of the architectural and security requirements.

Real-time, accurate, and robust localisation is critical for autonomous vehicles (AVs) to achieve safe, efficient driving, whilst real-time performance is essential for AVs to achieve their current position in time for decision making. To date, no review paper has quantitatively compared the real-time performance between different localisation techniques based on various hardware platforms and programming languages and analysed the relations among localisation methodologies, real-time performance and accuracy. Therefore, this paper discusses state-of-the-art localisation techniques and analyses their localisation performance in AV application. For further analysis, this paper firstly proposes a localisation algorithm operations capability (LAOC)-based equivalent comparison method to compare the relative computational complexity of different localisation techniques; then, it comprehensively discusses the relations among methodologies, computational complexity, and accuracy. Analysis results show that the computational complexity of localisation approaches differs by a maximum of about 〖10〗^7 times, whilst accuracy varies by about 100 times. Vision- and multi-sensor fusion-based localisation techniques have about 2–5 times potential for improving accuracy compared with lidar-based localisation. Lidar- and vision-based localisation can reduce computational complexity by improving image registration method efficiency. Multi-sensor fusionbased localisation can achieve better real-time performance compared with lidar- and vision-based localisation because each standalone sensor does not need to develop a complex algorithm to achieve its best localisation potential. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can improve positioning robustness. Finally, results show that the fusion technique combined with V2X has considerable potential for achieving a cost-efficient localisation solution for AVs.

Ensuring safe and continuous autonomous navigation in long-term mobile robot applications is still challenging. To ensure a reliable representation of the current environment without the need for periodic remapping, updating the map is recommended. However, in the case of incorrect robot pose estimation, updating the map can lead to errors that prevent the robot’s localisation and jeopardise map accuracy. In this paper, we propose a safe Lidar-based occupancy grid map-updating algorithm for dynamic environments, taking into account uncertainties in the estimation of the robot’s pose. The proposed approach allows for robust long-term operations, as it can recover the robot’s pose, even when it gets lost, to continue the map update process, providing a coherent map. Moreover, the approach is also robust to temporary changes in the map due to the presence of dynamic obstacles such as humans and other robots. Results highlighting map quality, localisation performance, and pose recovery, both in simulation and experiments, are reported.

Dans un contexte de hausse de l’insécurité alimentaire et de mise à mal des politiques alimentaires au Brésil, les opérateurs de la grande distribution poursuivent leur progression et captent une proportion croissante des parts de marché. L’article revient sur ces tendances récentes, puis propose une caractérisation de la dynamique de la grande distribution alimentaire dans deux métropoles nationales, Rio de Janeiro et Brasília, importants centres de consommation et foyers de la percée des groupes multinationaux du commerce de détail. Ces études de cas apportent des éclairages sur les profils des principaux groupes en présence, leurs stratégies de localisation et de segmentation des marchés, en lien avec les caractéristiques socioéconomiques de la population et la question alimentaire. Em um contexto de avanço da insegurança alimentar e de enfraquecimento das políticas alimentares no Brasil, os grandes varejistas continuam sua progressão e estão captando uma proporção crescente do mercado. O artigo analisa essas tendências recentes e, em seguida, propõe uma caracterização da dinâmica da distribuição em massa de alimentos em duas metrópoles nacionais, Rio de Janeiro e Brasília, importantes centros de consumo e focos do avanço de grupos multinacionais de varejo. Esses estudos de caso lançam luz sobre os perfis dos principais grupos envolvidos, suas estratégias de localização e de segmentação do mercado, colocadas em relação com as características socioeconômicas da população e a questão alimentar. In a context of rising food insecurity and undermining of food policies in Brazil, large-scale retailers continue to grow and are capturing a larger proportion of market share. The article reviews these recent trends and then proposes a characterization of the dynamics of mass distribution of food in two national metropolises, Rio de Janeiro and Brasilia, important consumption centers and hotbeds of the breakthrough of multinational retail groups. These case studies shed light on the profiles of the main groups involved, their localization strategies and marketing segmentation related to the socio-economic characteristics of the population, and food and nutrition security.

Si la pratique du surf en France s’est concentrée en Aquitaine entre la fin des années 1950 et celle des années 1990, les deux dernières décennies attestent progressivement de la visibilité d’autres régions françaises tant sur le plan de la pratique que de ce qui l’entoure (événementiel, entreprises spécialisées). Sans que sa diffusion spatiale concerne tous les littoraux français, l’essor du surf hors Nouvelle-Aquitaine remet en cause les propriétés d’un sport longtemps géographiquement cristallisé.

We present a sample of well-localised Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) discovered by the MeerTRAP project at the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa. We discovered the three FRBs in single coherent tied-array beams and localised them to an area of ~1 arcmin$^2$. We investigate their burst properties, scattering, repetition rates, and localisations in a multi-wavelength context. FRB 20201211A shows hints of scatter broadening but is otherwise consistent with instrumental dispersion smearing. For FRB 20210202D, we discovered a faint post-cursor burst separated by ~200 ms, suggesting a distinct burst component or a repeat pulse. We attempt to associate the FRBs with host galaxy candidates. For FRB 20210408H, we tentatively (0.35 - 0.53 probability) identify a compatible host at a redshift ~0.5. Additionally, we analyse the MeerTRAP survey properties, such as the survey coverage, fluence completeness, and their implications for the FRB population. Based on the entire sample of 11 MeerTRAP FRBs discovered by the end of 2021, we estimate the FRB all-sky rates and their scaling with the fluence threshold. The inferred FRB all-sky rates at 1.28 GHz are $8.2_{-4.6}^{+8.0}$ and $2.1_{-1.1}^{+1.8} \times 10^3$ sky$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$ above 0.66 and 3.44 Jy ms for the coherent and incoherent surveys, respectively. The scaling between the MeerTRAP rates is flatter than at higher fluences at the 1.4-$\sigma$ level. There seems to be a deficit of low-fluence FRBs, suggesting a break or turn-over in the rate versus fluence relation below 2 Jy ms. We speculate on cosmological or progenitor-intrinsic origins. The cumulative source counts within our surveys appear consistent with the Euclidean scaling., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Supplementary data are available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6047539) and via the Transient Name Server

Modern public transportation in urban areas increasingly relies on high-capacity buses. At the same time, the share of electric vehicles is increasing to meet environmental standards. This introduces problems when charging these vehicles from chargers at bus stops, as untrained drivers often find it difficult to execute docking manoeuvres on the charger. A practical solution to this problem requires a suitable advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), which is a system used to automatise and make safer some of the tasks involved in driving a vehicle. In the considered case, ADAS supports docking to the electric charging station, and thus, it must solve two issues: precise positioning of the bus relative to the charger and motion planning in a constrained space. This paper addresses these issues by employing GNSS-based positioning and optimisation-based planning, resulting in an affordable solution to the ADAS for the docking of electric buses while recharging. We focus on the practical side of the system, showing how the necessary features were attained at a limited hardware and installation cost, also demonstrating an extensive evaluation of the fielded ADAS for an operator of public transportation in the city of Poznań in Poland.

La mobilisation contre le projet d’entrepôt Amazon à Montbert a constitué l’un des principaux conflits récents d’aménagement dans la région nantaise. Elle fait écho à la multiplication des luttes contre des implantations logistiques dans l’espace français. Le cas Amazon à Montbert s’en distingue toutefois par la diversité des militants et organisations impliqués. Cette coalition a plus largement contribué à politiser les enjeux soulevés par le développement des activités logistiques.

Manual therapy (MT) techniques typically incorporate localised touch on the skin with the application of specific kinetic forces. The contribution of localised touch to the effectiveness of MT techniques has not been evaluated. This study investigated the immediate effects of MT versus localisation training (LT) on pain intensity and range of movement (ROM) for neck pain. In this single-blind randomised controlled trial thirty eligible neck pain volunteers (23 females and 7 males), aged 28.63 ± 12.49 years, were randomly allocated to MT or to a motionless (LT) group. A single three-minute treatment session was delivered to each group’s cervico-thoracic area. The LT involved tactile sensory stimulation applied randomly to one out of a nine-block grid. Subjects were asked to identify the number of the square being touched, reflecting a different location on the region of skin. MT involved three-minute anteroposterior (AP) glides and sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAG) techniques. Pre- and post-intervention pain intensity were assessed using a pressure pain threshold (PPT) algometer and the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Neck ROM was recorded with a bubble inclinometer. Improvements in ROM and self-reported pain were recorded in both groups (p < 0.001) without differences in NPRS, ROM or PPT scores between groups (p > 0.05). Tactile sensory training (localisation) was as effective as MT in reducing neck pain, suggesting a component of MT’s analgesic effect to be related with the element of localised touch rather than the forces induced during passive movements.

Funder: John Monash Foundation, Funder: University of Cambridge; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000735, Since the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016, debates about the localisation of humanitarian aid have intensified. Dominant discourse focuses on reform, although calls for the broader decolonisation of aid are mounting. This paper examines the impact of neoliberal-inspired competition that incentivises institutional expansion and clashes with localisation. It introduces the concept of the 'conflict paradox' to illustrate how armed conflict and restricted humanitarian access for international actors can both empower and disempower local and national humanitarian actors (LNHAs). These themes are then demonstrated using case studies of Myanmar, Somalia, and Somaliland, revealing the potential for LNHAs to demand humanitarian system change, as well as the challenges to doing so. The paper concludes that for localisation to progress towards decolonisation, fundamental ideological shifts away from the neoliberal competitive mindset are essential. Notably, there is a need to move from low-quality localisation (subcontracting) to high-quality localisation grounded in solidarity and an emancipatory agenda.

Localisation, as it aims to shift power in the humanitarian system, will involve the increased inclusion of local faith actors, those national and local faith-affiliated groups and organisations that are often first, and last, responders in crises and have been responding in humanitarian contexts for many years, but often in parallel to humanitarian coordination mechanisms. In primary research in South Sudan with local faith actors and international humanitarian actors, this article aims to examine the inroads and barriers to local faith actor involvement in the humanitarian system and the realisation of localisation with local actors such as these. The research is based on an ethnographic study in which researchers were imbedded in a humanitarian project that aimed to help bridge divides between local faith actors and the international humanitarian system. The findings are based on one-on-one and group interviews with 89 participants from a range of international and local, and faith and secular, organisations. Findings indicate that local faith actors are active in responding to crises and want to be linked to the humanitarian system, but they feel distanced from it and pigeonholed as local faith actors. Formalisation through the appropriate registration systems and then training and networking with the humanitarian system helped them build legitimacy and feel confident to participate in humanitarian coordination. International humanitarian actors can help bridge barriers by understanding and connecting with the local faith actors and challenging their own assumptions about who local faith actors are.

Counting the number of people in a crowd has gained attention in the last decade. Due to its benefit to many applications such as crowd behavior analysis, crowd management, and video surveillance systems, etc. Counting crowded scenes, like stadiums, represents a challenging task due to the inherent occlusions and density of the crowd inside and outside the stadiums. Finding a pattern to control thousands of people and counting them is a challenging task. With the introduction of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), enables performing this task with acceptable performance. The accuracy of a CNN-based method is related to the size of data used for training. The availability of the dataset is sparse. In particular, there is no dataset in the literature that can be used for training applications for crowd scene. This paper proposes two main contributions including a new dataset for crowd counting, and a CNN-based method for counting the number of people and generating the crowd density maps. The proposed dataset for Football Supporters Crowd (FSC-Set) is composed of 6000 annotated images (manually) of different types of scenes that contain thousands of people gathering in or around the stadiums. FSC-Set contains more than 1.5 Million individuals. The collected images are captured under varying Fields of Views (FOV), illuminations, resolutions, and scales. The proposed dataset can also be utilized for other applications, such as individual's localization and face detection as well as team recognition from supporter images. Further, we propose a CNN-based method named FSCNet for crowd counting exploiting context-aware attention, spatial-wise attention, and channel-wise attention modules. The proposed method is evaluated on our established FSC-Set and other existing datasets then compared to state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results show satisfactory performances on all the datasets. The dataset is made publicly available and can be requested using the following link: https://sites.google.com/view/fscrowd-dataset/ 2013 IEEE. Scopus

Quasicrystals are a class of materials that are long-range ordered yet not periodic. These unique features make them a fascinating middle ground between order and disorder, thus providing an ideal platform for studying a wealth of physical phenomena. This thesis contains three experimental works that my colleagues and I achieved during my PhD period, in which we explored the properties of quasicrystals in many aspects. The first experiment (Chapter 5) focus on the long-range order in quasicrystals. We report on the first experimental realisation of a two-dimensional (2D) quasicrystalline optical lattice for ultracold atoms and conduct matter-wave diffraction experiment using shot, intense lattice pulses. We reveal the different diffraction dynamics between periodic and quasiperiodic lattices and demonstrate the capability to simulate quantum walks on four-dimensional tight-binding lattices using the diffraction dynamics of 2D quasicrystalline lattices on short timescales. The second (Chapter 6) and the third (Chapter 7) experiments concentrate on studying the disorder nature of quasicrystals. In particular, we investigate disorder-induced localisation transition in the ground state of non-interacting and weakly interacting Bose gases in a 2D quasicrystalline lattice. The second experiment is mainly performed in the non-interacting limit, in which we probe the localisation transition by employing triangular lattice pulses and studying the time scale required for adiabatic loading. We observe a localisation transition at around a critical lattice depth of Vloc ≈ 1.78 Erec for noninteracting systems. In addition, we demonstrate that weak repulsive interactions can shift transition to deeper lattices. In the third experiment, we further study the interplay between the interactions and disorder, and constitute the first experimental realisation of the 2D Bose glass, an insulating but compressible groundstate phase without long-range phase coherence. By probing the coherent properties of the system, we observe a Bose glass to superfluid transition and map out the phase diagram in the weakly interacting regime. Moreover, we reveal the non-ergodic nature of the Bose glass by probing the capability of restoring coherence. Our observations are in good agreement with recent quantum Monte Carlo predictions and pave the way for experimentally testing of the connection between the Bose glass and many-body localisation.

In this thesis, we develop a method to investigate the geometric quantisation of a hypertoric variety from an equivariant viewpoint, in analogy with the equivariant Verlinde formula for Higgs bundles. We do this by first using the residual circle action on a hypertoric variety to construct its symplectic cut that results in a compact cut space, which is needed for the localisation formulae to be well-defined and for the quantisation to be finite-dimensional. The hyperplane arrangement corresponding to the hypertoric variety is also affected by the symplectic cut, and to describe its effect we introduce the notion of a moment polyptych that is associated to the cut space. Also, we see that the prerequisite isotropy data that is needed for the localisation formulae can be read off from the combinatorial features of the moment polyptych. The equivariant Kawasaki-Riemann-Roch formula is then applied to the pre-quantum line bundle over each cut space, producing a formula for the equivariant character for the torus action on the quantisation of the cut space. Finally, using the quantisation of each cut space, we derive a formula expressing the dimension of each circle weight subspace of the quantisation of the hypertoric variety.

Si bien la aceptación general a las energías renovables en Europa es alta, esta percepción es a menudo muy diferente en el contexto local donde se ubican los proyectos energéticos renovables, lo que puede suponer un obstáculo para la transición energética. Este artículo, a través de una encuesta estructurada para dos casos de estudio europeos, provincia de Jaén (España) y condado de Somogy (Hungría), pretende mostrar los factores que influyen en la percepción y aceptación de la sociedad a las energías renovables. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente correlacionando variables “aceptabilidad” “localización” y “tecnologías” a través de tablas de contingencia y pruebas no paramétricas como χ² de Pearson y V de Cramer. Las pruebas aplicadas muestran una alta aceptabilidad a todas las tecnologías y localizaciones propuestas, con preferencia por instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas y tamaños medios, en espacios no cultivados o ambientalmente degradados., Although the general acceptance of renewable energy in Europe is high, this perception is frequently very different in the local context where renewable energy projects are located, which can be an obstacle to the energy transition. This article, through a structured survey for two European case studies, province of Jaén (Spain) and Somogy County (Hungary), aims to show the factors influencing the perception and acceptance of renewable energy in society. The results were statistically analysed by correlating the variables "acceptability", "location" and "technologies" through contingency tables and non-parametric tests such as Pearson's χ² and Cramer's V. The applied tests show a high acceptability of all the proposed technologies and locations, with a preference for solar photovoltaic installations and medium sizes, in uncultivated or environmentally degraded areas., Bien que l'acceptation générale des énergies renouvelables en Europe soit élevée, cette perception est souvent très différente dans le contexte local où se situent les projets d'énergie renouvelable, ce qui peut constituer un obstacle à la transition énergétique. Cet article, à travers une enquête structurée pour deux études de cas européennes, la province de Jaén (Espagne) et le comté de Somogy (Hongrie), vise à montrer les facteurs qui influencent la perception et l'acceptation des énergies renouvelables par la société. Les résultats ont été analysés statistiquement en corrélant les variables "acceptabilité", "localisation" et "technologies" par le biais de tableaux de contingence et de tests non paramétriques tels que le χ² de Pearson et le V de Cramer. Les tests appliqués montrent une forte acceptabilité des énergies renouvelables. Les tests appliqués montrent une grande acceptabilité de toutes les technologies et de tous les emplacements proposés, avec une préférence pour les installations solaires photovoltaïques et les tailles moyennes, dans des zones non cultivées ou dégradées sur le plan environnementa., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad y Agencia Estatal de Investigación de España y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, CSO2017-86975-R, Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional de España (FPU18/ 01549).

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The aim of this study 1 is to assess the clinical utility of using interictal magnetic and electric source imaging (MSI and ESI) using dipole clustering in children and young adults with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) having inconclusive MRI...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Describe the forms of extrathoracic tuberculosis. Review the radiological features of extrathoracic...

Offshore support structures and mooring systems are predominantly subject to corrosion and fatigue. These structures are typically covered with marine growth of various types. Conventional inspection methods for assessment of the structural integrity require access to the cleaned surface of these structures; however, the cleaning process is highly undesirable from the technical, economical, and environmental points of view. This paper highlights research on feasibility assessment of detection and localization of corrosion damage under marine growth using acoustic emission (AE). Experiments were conducted on two carbon steel plates, one baseline sample and one covered with artificially fabricated marine growth. The results of accelerated corrosion experiments suggest that corrosion-induced ultrasound signals can be detected with satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio using non-contact AE sensors. Ultrasound waves passing through marine growth showed around 12 dB drop in amplitude when compared to the base plate. A localization algorithm for corrosion induced-ultrasound signals was successfully implemented.

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Multiple sclerosis is the chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in female preponderance specifically in between 20-50 years of age. The disease is characterized on histopathological analysis by inflammatory cell...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: To emphasise the importance of MRI prostate in the selection of biopsy-proven prostate cancer patients for CyberKnife Robotic...

The most commonly used localisation methods, such as GPS, rely on external signals to generate an estimate of the location. There is a need of systems which are independent of external signals in order to increase the robustness of the localisation capabilities. In this thesis a visual-inertial SLAM-based localisation system which utilises detailed map, image, IMU, and odometry data, is presented and evaluated. The system utilises factor graphs through Georgia Tech Smoothing and Mapping (GTSAM) library, developed at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The thesis contributes with performance evaluations for different camera and landmark settings in a localisation system based on GTSAM. Within the visual SLAM field, the thesis also contributes with a sparse landmark selection and a low image frequency approach to the localisation problem. A variety of camera-related settings, such as image frequency and amount of visible landmarks per image, are used to evaluate the system. The findings show that the estimate improve with a higher image frequency, and does also improve if the image frequency was held constant along the tracks. Having more than one landmark per image result in a significantly better estimate. The estimate is not accurate when only using one distant landmark throughout the track, but it is significantly better if two complementary landmarks are identified briefly along the tracks. The estimate can also handle time periods where no landmarks can be identified while maintaining a good estimate.

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Currently, detecting smaller, earlier-stage breast tumors in screening programs makes precise tumor localization more important. Wire-guided localization (WGL) and radioactive seed localization (RSL) are the most common localization methods in...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Familiarize radiologists with the imaging protocol acquisition of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). Review the advantages and disadvantages of contrast-enhanced mammography versus MR imaging on locoregional staging of breast cancer....

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Breast conserving surgery has become the standard of care for early stage breast cancer for impalpable lesions and is more commonly performed than mastectomy, with recent studies showing equivalent survival and lower morbidity. Accurate preoperative...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To review the imaging anatomy of the axilla, to review the characteristics of normal and abnormal axillary lymph nodes in ultrasound and MRI, to review the indications of various methods of marking the axillary lymph nodes for targeted axillary...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) guided injections are a key method used in the field of pain management. These types of injections involve using imaging technology, such as CT scans, to guide the placement of needles into specific areas of the body. This...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: In recent years, the advances in external beam radiotherapy, with the development of conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), have allowed dose increases in smaller irradiation areas with optimal tumour control results....

Los videojuegos se han convertido en una extendida opción de ocio. En este artículo, se reflexiona sobre las lenguas meta en videojuegos y, en concreto, sobre la presencia del euskera como lengua minoritaria en este medio de entretenimiento, así como sobre su evolución en los últimos años y los retos que afronta. El estudio se complementa con una encuesta de recepción entre jugadores de videojuegos cuya lengua materna es el euskera, el catalán o el español. Buena parte de estos jugadores afirman que preferirían jugar en su lengua materna y que les molesta tener que jugar en otra lengua. Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio apuntan a que las localizaciones a lenguas minoritarias serían bien acogidas e invitan a realizar estudios más amplios que aborden este aspecto sociolingüístico de la localización. Video games have become an extended leisure option. In this paper we will reflect on target languages in video games and, specifically, on the presence of the Basque language as a minority language in this form of entertainment, as well as on its development in the last years and the challenges it faces. The study is complemented with a reception survey of video game players whose native language is Basque, Catalan, or Spanish. A large part of these players state that they would prefer to play in their native language, and they feel upset if they need to play in a different language. The results of this exploratory study indicate that localisations into minority languages would be welcomed by players and invite to develop more comprehensive studies that address this sociolinguistic aspect of video game localisation.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To review the use of CEUS in nerve blocks and emphasize its role in accurate localization of injectate and evaluating their dispersion. To briefly describe technique and relevant ultrasound anatomy/landmarks for the following nerve blocks:...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Identifying characteristic MRI features and locations to differentiate intradural-extramedullary (IDEM) from extra-dural spinal...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: The aim of this study is to describe radiological appearance of “claw-sign”. We provide a notion that readers could find helpful and applicable in their current practice. One of our objectives is to narrow the differential diagnosis list when...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Anatomic laryngeal landmarks Pathways of vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves CT features of vocal cord paralysis Causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve pa...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disorder that causes physical and cognitive disabilities. [1]In the United States, about 400,000 people are currently diagnosed with MS, but it is estimated that there may be about 2.5 million...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Speech is a very complex brain function with underlying extended functional and structural neural network, which is thought to involve a variety of brain areas. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as part of presurgical evaluation allows...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To focus the attention of radiologists on a rare disorder with characteristic but subtle imaging findings which they should be cognizant...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: - To review the normal anatomy of the cerebellum and its anatomical variation - To illustrate the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a best study of the cerebullum...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To review the basic principles of correlating mammographic images (including tomosynthesis) with ultrasound using a case-based...

In the world, power is unequally distributed, and so it is in the humanitariansector. After the inability of the humanitarian community to meet the localisationtargets set in the Grand Bargain, the failure has been attributed, among otherreasons, to international actors’ unwillingness to cede power. This thesis aims toexplore how INGOs can hand over control to local responders and use thelocalisation agenda to re-balance the unequal distribution of power amonghumanitarian actors. This study seeks to uncover how the colonial legacies still present in the sectorhave affected the efficacies of responses and, more specifically, the realisationof the commitments related to localisation. By interviewing a series ofhumanitarian professionals involved in the localisation efforts of theirorganisations, the empirical research has investigated the persistence andimpact of power imbalances in the work of humanitarians and collected theirsuggestions on the actions that INGOs could implement to facilitate the transferof control towards local responders. The thesis suggests that power imbalances might reduce in those cases whereINGOs adopt renewed localisation commitments which address the root causesof unequal power distribution. The recommendations at the end of this workmight be highly relevant for the global debate around redefining the localisationagenda in a way that satisfies both international and local actors while alsobenefiting affected communities.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: We aim to spark the interest of radiologists in the frequently neglected basal forebrain by simplifying the anatomy and correlating the functionality. In this educational essay, we compile an anatomical guide of the basal forebrain (BF) nuclei and a...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To review the diverse types of soft tissue liposarcomas according to the 2020 WHO Classification, including new categories. To illustrate their imaging findings illustrated by cases from our hospital. To discuss their imaging appearance to...

TBI stands for Traumatic Brain Injury and refers to damage to the brain resulting from an external physical force, such as a blow, jolt, or penetrating injury to the head. Common causes of TBI include falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and violence and has been linked to thousands of deaths and injuries in the US and the EU alike. This thesis was aimed to localise certain TBI to a specific part of the brain by exerting similar loading conditions on an Finite Element Method (FEM) of the rat brain as physical experiments conducted on living rats. By comparing the strain in 7 vital parts of the brain to injury diagnosis conducted in the physical experiments, an effort was made to link localised strain to injury diagnosis. The results indicate that strain in the thalamus and hypothalamus are linked with a loss of consciousness while strain in the hypothalamus coupled with the neocortex correlates greatly with activity-based behaviour changes. Lastly, injury associated with emotional changes are believed to stem from large strains in the neocortex. There is a theory suggesting that the structure of myeline, which provides support in motion and movement patterns of biological systems in humans and animals (known as biomechanical kinematics), could have an impact. However, more studies are needed to confirm and determine the exact cause. TBI, från engelskans Traumatic Brain Injury, står för Traumatisk Hjärn Skada och syftar på en skada i hjärnan till följd av enyttre fysisk kraft, såsom ett slag, stöt eller genomträngande skada i huvudet. Vanliga orsaker till TBI inkluderar fall, motorfordonsolyckor, sportskador och våld och har kopplats till tusentals dödsfall och skadade i både USA och EU. Denna rapport syftar till att försöka lokalisera viss TBI till en specifik del av hjärnan genom att utöva liknandebelastningsförhållanden på en finit elementmetod (FEM) modell av råtthjärnan som fysiska experimentutförs på levande råttor. Genom att jämföra belastningen i 7 vitala delar av hjärnan med skadediagnos som utfördes i de fysiska experimenten gjordes en ansträngning för att koppla lokaliserad belastning till skadediagnos. Resultaten indikerar att skada i thalamus och hypotalamus är kopplade till en förlust av medvetande medan belastning i hypotalamus i kombination med neocortex korrelerar kraftigtmed aktivitetsbaserade beteendeförändringar. Slutligen är skador i samband med känslomässiga förändringartros härröra från skada i neocortex. Det finns teori som tyder på attstruktur av myelin, som ger stöd i rörelse och rörelsemönster av biologiskasystem hos människor och djur (känd som biomekanisk kinematik), kan ha en inverkan.Det behövs dock fler studier för att bekräfta och fastställa den exakta orsaken.

In the context of mobile robotics, this work reports research addressing scene understanding using embedded multi-modal perception systems. Scene understanding remains a complex problem, essential for high society impact applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems, involving in particular ADAS and Autonomous Vehicles. Results and outlook based on the conducted research are detailed and structured following two research perspectives., Dans le domaine de la robotique mobile, mes travaux de recherche portent sur l’analyse de scènes dynamiques par des systèmes de perception multimodale embarqués. Ceci demeure un verrou scientifique complexe, mais essentiel pour des applications avec un fort impact sociétal telles que les systèmes de transport intelligents où se situent les systèmes d’assistance à la conduite et les voitures à conduite automatisée. Une synthèse et des perspectives structurées sur deux axes thématiques sont présentés.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Distinguishing the ‘ugly’ and ‘bad’ intracranial cysts from the ‘good’ intracranial...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To know the most frequent foreign bodies suspected cases at our medical center. To highlight clinical and imaging findings associated with foreign bodies. To recognize potential complications that may occur associated with foreign...

Background Evidence suggests a vicious cycle between rice cultivation and malaria control in Rwanda. Rice fields offer an attractive breeding ground for malaria vectors, which increases the disease burden in rice farming communities, and, consequently, reduces productivity in the rice sector. Community-based larval source management in rice fields is propagated as a sustainable solution to break this cycle. A sense of agency and ownership of malaria control interventions, as well as the mobilization of resources at the local level, are often considered preconditions for success. However, an evidence gap exists regarding the interaction between the agentive and financial dimension of local sustainability. Methods We conduct a larviciding pilot involving three groups; one group where rice farmers sprayed their fields under expert supervision, one group where rice farmers organised the larviciding campaign themselves, and a (non-sprayed) control group. We test whether the difference in agency between the intervention groups affects farmers’ willingness-to-pay for a larviciding campaign. Willingness-to-pay is elicited in a contingent valuation exercise, more specifically a bidding game, and is assessed both before and after the pilot (n = 288). Difference-in-difference estimates are computed, using a propensity score matching technique. Supplementary data were collected in a survey and two focus group discussions for triangulation. Results The high-agency (self-organised) group significantly outperforms the low-agency (expert-supervised) group in terms of maintaining its willingness to contribute financially. However, higher willingness-to-pay in the high-agency group does not appear to be driven by a stronger sense of ownership per se. The supplementary data indicate high levels of ownership in both treatment groups compared to the control group. A tentative explanation lies in diverging perceptions concerning the effectiveness of the pilot. Conclusions The study supports the idea that community-led organization of larval source management can prove instrumental in mobilizing finance for malaria control in low-income settings where rice production interferes with the fight against malaria. However, the causality is complex. Feelings of ownership do not appear the main driver of willingness-to-pay, at least not directly, which opens up the possibility of initiating community-driven malaria control interventions that promote the agentive and financial dimension of local sustainability simultaneously.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To provide an overview of the preoperative localization techniques , including wire and non-wire devices. To describe our experience with iodine 125 radioactive seeds with illustrative...