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Roman lamps were one of the few daily-use objects that could have been usually decorated, thanks to the free space they had on their central discuses, offering a wide variety of figurative motifs. Such richness of elements and details permits to study their iconography as a reflection of Roman imaginary and daily life. About Iberian Peninsula, it is possible to observe how the Roman culture and traditions arrived and started to be introduced in this area through the analysis of their decorations.This paper will regard the specific situation of ancient Barcino (Barcelona), a paradigmatic case in respect of the application of that kind of analysis in order to better understand the Roman society that lived there.*Este capítulo se enmarca dentro de la propia tesis en curso, desarrollada gracias a la ayuda PRE2018-084077 financiada por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”. Se enmarca además dentro del grupo CEIPAC (Centro para el Estudio de la Interdependencia Provincial en la Antigüedad Clásica) de la Universidad de Barcelona, y de UBICS (Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems). Financiada también por los proyectos: Relaciones Interprovinciales en el Imperio Romano. Producción y comercio de alimentos hispanos (Provinciae Baetica et Tarraconensis) (HAR2017-85635-P) 2017–2020; Centro para el Estudio de la Interdependencia Provincial en la Antigüedad Clásica (CEIPAC) (2017 SGR 512). 2017–2020; Projecte de Recerca Quadriennal 2018–2021 GENCAT Exp.27-CLT009|18|00045: “Dinàmiques socioeconòmiques del món rural romà: formes de l’hàbitat i cultura material al litoral central català” – Projecte Cella Vinaria- de la Universitat de Barcelona. 2018–2021”.

In questo articolo presentiamo una serie di statuette, vasi plastici e lucerne trovate ad Ostia antica, e studiati nell’ambito del progetto “Segregated or Integrated? Living and Dying in the Harbour City of Ostia, 300 BCE-700 CE”, che ha esaminato le forme culturali della coesistenza degli abitanti romani e non-romani della città portuale. Il contributo si focalizza sulle rappresentazioni degli stranieri nelle arti minori in forma grottesca legate alla sfera sessuale e analizza gli usi di tali immagini come apotropaia. La discussione comincia da una serie di erme priapiche, continua con lucerne plastiche in forma fallica e con una statuetta c.d. pseudo-Baubo egiziana. La parte finale è dedicata alla discussione approfondita di una particolare lucerna erotica ostiense, importata dalla fabbrica ateniese di Preimos, e probabilmente trovata in contesto funerario. The present paper offers a series of case studies on statuettes, plastic vases and lamps from Ostia antica, studied in the framework of the project “Segregated or Integrated? Living and Dying in the Harbour City of Ostia, 300 BCE-700 CE”, that has examined the cultural forms of coexistence of Roman and non-Roman inhabitants of the harbour city. This article focuses on the grotesque and sexualized representations of foreigners in minor arts, and analyses their uses and meanings as apotropaia. The discussion starts with a series of Priapus’ herms, continues with phallic lamps in human form and a statuette of so-called pseudo-Baubo of Egyptian origin. In the second part, a particular erotic lamp, imported to Ostia from the Athenian workshop of Preimos, and probably found in a funerary context, is analysed more in detail.

Interpreting the social complexity of the Roman house requires a careful evaluation of existing evidence. With this in mind, recent work in the field has proposed a variety of different approaches, focusing each time on a specific type of source (architecture and décor, ancient texts, material evidence from excavated houses), each in turn recursively deemed more adequate for the purpose or more fruitful and less biased. This opposition of approaches and critiques between scholars has yielded an extraordinarily rich picture that, however, leaves some of the social dynamics of domestic space out of our reach. This dissertation, focusing on the case study of the House of the Greek Epigrams in the northern part of Insula V 1 in Pompeii, suggests a further level of understanding that combines the aforementioned types of sources with simulations and digital analyses to support archaeological interpretation. Everything visible in the house, including its architecture and its decorations, actively participated in the construction of the social identity of the owner of the house and the Romanitas of his family. However, everything visible is so by virtue of light, which is not a mere medium, but actively partakes in social dynamics and can be manipulated to meet certain demands. In this dissertation, light is considered in its dual aspect as a physical and as a visual and sensory phenomenon. Starting from the assumption that light is a powerful social agent, the study investigates, through historically grounded and physically accurate lighting simulations and analyses, the intertwined spatial and social circulation patterns in order to derive new insights into the social dynamics of the Roman house. In particular, this study argues that the social space of the Roman house was characterized by a greater complexity than that conveyed by ancient sources. It suggests a more nuanced picture, one of light and shadow but also of activity at different times of the day and year, and richer in people both in the foreground and in the background.

This study aimed to assess the post-effort transcriptional changes of selected genes encoding receptors for chemokines and interleukins in young, physically active men to better understand the immunomodulatory effect of physical activity. The participants, aged 16–21 years, performed physical exercise tasks of either a maximal multistage 20 m shuttle-run test (beep test) or a repeated speed ability test. The expression of selected genes encoding receptors for chemokines and interleukins in nucleated peripheral blood cells was determined using RT-qPCR. Aerobic endurance activity was a positive stimulant that induced increased expression of CCR1 and CCR2 genes following lactate recovery, while the maximum expression of CCR5 was found immediately post-effort. The increase in the expression of inflammation-related genes encoding chemokine receptors triggered by aerobic effort strengthens the theory that physical effort induces sterile inflammation. Different profiles of studied chemokine receptor gene expression induced by short-term anaerobic effort suggest that not all types of physical effort activate the same immunological pathways. A significant increase in IL17RA gene expression after the beep test confirmed the hypothesis that cells expressing this receptor, including Th17 lymphocyte subsets, can be involved in the creation of an immune response after endurance efforts.

International audience; This paper analyses the diachronic evolution of Libyan-Punic traditions and exogenous Mediterranean contributions in the production of ceramics on the African territory between the Roman and Arab conquest, by questioning the modification of the morphology of amphorae, the rise and development of African productions of tableware (ARS), the creation of an original repertoire of cooking wares, the lessons learned from the morphology and decoration of lamps, the particularities of architectural ceramics and the particular case of handmade ceramics and their revival in Late Antiquity, and what they tell us about the society of Roman, Vandal and Byzantine Africa and the trace that may remain in the society of Ifriqiya.

The fortunate find of a partially complete funerary stele in a tumulus located between the villages of Stejaru and Vasile Alecsandri prompted an archaeological excavation during the fall of 1983. In the researched mound, preserved on a height of 1 m and with a diameter of between 25 and 28.5 m, 16 graves were identified, belonging to the so-called "stepped pit" type. Of those, 10 graves contained funerary offerings composed of ceramic eating and drinking vessels, as well as lamps and bronze military equipment pieces. The five discovered coins, minted between the reigns of Antoninus Pius (145-161) and Iulia Domna (211-217), determined the dating of this necropolis between the middle of the 2nd century and the beginning of the 3rd c. AD. Furthermore, in the perimeter of the burial mound we have also identified nine offering spaces outside the graves, containing small ceramic fragments from ritually-broken vessels. The majority of the artefacts were produced in Western Pontic workshops. This necropolis belongs to a sizeable Roman rural settlement located to the west.

In this study, we present a part of the lychnological material discovered during the archaeological excavation carried out between 2013 and 2020 on the Acropolis Centre-South Sector in Istros (Constanța County). The entire lot includes almost 190 pieces that, from a chronological point of view, belong to the Greek (Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic), Early Roman and Late Roman period. We selected for discussion in this paper only the Late Roman material, which is the most numerous (130 lamps, of which 107 typologically determined) and more representative for the archaeological complex under investigation. The lamps belong to many types, some of them newly attested in Istros, and are both imported products and pieces manufactured at a regional, maybe even local, scale.

MBDEsign: Màster interuniversitari en estudis avançats en Disseny-Barcelona (UPC-UB) This thesis looks at perpetuating local identity and helping cross-cultural understanding. Today, we are surrounded by cheap industrial products. But these universal products, produced in China, do not quite satisfy the mental projection of people. Just as Instagram's like function revolutionised social relations, what we like is a representation of who we are and what we want to be. Especially in today's globalised world, many people leave their homeland to start a new life in a strange land. Objects guard the last of our sense of belonging. Traditional craftsmanship is where this original, local identity lies, and we should find a better place for it in industrialised production. And in China. Since China has become a global factory around 2000, our local handicraft products are almost wiped out. The memory of a generation’s childhood, along with the disappearance of objective carriers and the upsurge of industrial products, is frozen in some distant places. Chinese consumers also want to own objects that project themselves, and a large number of cultural and creative products based on traditional culture have emerged. But this path is still very uncertain because of the still unsatisfactory intellectual property protection laws. When we talk about intercultural understanding, it is supposed to be a pleasant, curiosity-satisfying, eye-opening one. Instead, its most prominent features are equated with political propaganda because of the great physical distances, the scarcity of information, and the vast differences in customs and religions. This thesis would base in fishing, as one of the most common and historical industries in the world, could inspire tons of similar memories. The perspective of research based on geography and customs, not political propaganda, is the key to creating. Sharing the essential pleasure and exploring the differences between both cultures is the target of this topic, not political propaganda is the key to creating. Sharing the essential pleasure of both cultures is the innovation of the topic.

The winter fallow period common in annual cropping systems leaves soils vulnerable to erosion and nutrient loss, especially to nitrogen (N) leaching. This vulnerability can be mitigated with perennial crops that have living roots in the ground year‐round. The mechanisms, magnitude, and consistency with which perennial crops retain N are not clear. We used an experiment to test whether a perennial crop, miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), would leach less N than continuous maize (Zea mays L.) and how soil net N mineralization (Nmin) may explain observed leaching under varied environment and management conditions. The experiment included three crossed factors: (1) cropping system (maize, juvenile miscanthus = 1–2 years old, mature miscanthus = 3–4 years old); (2) N fertilization (0 and 224 kg N ha−1); and (3) environment (four site‐years at two locations in Iowa, USA, that differed in climate and soil fertility). We measured N cycling dynamics, including: inorganic soil N (ammonium + nitrate), in situ Nmin, N leaching, crop N uptake, and calculated system N use efficiency. There were many complex interactions among factors. On average, cumulative Nmin under juvenile miscanthus was 111% greater than maize, but as miscanthus matured, there was no difference in Nmin between the perennial crop and maize. There was no difference in N leaching between juvenile miscanthus and maize, but mature miscanthus decreased N leaching by 42% and 88% compared to maize (with and without N fertilization, respectively). Across all treatments, there was no relationship between Nmin and N leaching, suggesting other mechanisms are regulating N leaching. Overall, mature miscanthus shows promise as a tool to reduce N losses in areas dominated by annual row‐crops.

La il·luminació juga un paper molt important en les nostres vides, ens afecta i ens estimula tant física com psicològicament, incidint en la salut i el benestar de les persones. És per això que suposa un factor clau, disposar d'una il·luminació flexible i portàtil, d'acord amb l'estètica pròpia de l'àmbit de la llar, que acompanyi a l'usuari i li faciliti la conciliació del somni i, a més, l'ajudi a despertar-se cada matí d'una manera natural i gradual. Després d'analitzar detingudament la problemàtica, es va determinar una frase d'utilitat i es va procedir a realitzar un estudi inicial on, en primer lloc, es va dur a terme una documentació sobre els punts claus que permetessin materialitzar la solució. D'altra banda, es va identificar als usuaris potencials i es van analitzar els seus hàbits i conductes a través d'una enquesta. L'estudi inicial es va donar per finalitzat després de realitzar una recerca de les tendències actuals i l'oferta del mercat, amb la identificació dels principals competidors. D'aquesta manera, es van poder extreure els punts febles i necessitats sense cobrir que mostrava el mercat i que marcaven una premissa fonamental en el desenvolupament del producte, la versatilitat i l'autonomia en l'ús. Amb tota aquesta informació present es va poder dur a terme la fase conceptual i la fase de detall de la proposta finalment seleccionada. Posteriorment, es va analitzar la seva viabilitat econòmica i es va validar el disseny mitjançant una enquesta final als usuaris. Finalment, es va concloure que la solució desenvolupada presenta un concepte viable i innovador en el mercat actual que permet ampliar el grup d'usuaris potencials i resoldre una nova necessitat. La iluminación juega un papel muy importante en nuestras vidas, nos afecta y nos estimula tanto física como psicológicamente, incidiendo en la salud y el bienestar de las personas. Es por esto que supone un factor clave, disponer de una iluminación flexible y portátil, acorde con la estética propia del ámbito del hogar, que acompañe al usuario y le facilite la conciliación del sueño y, además, le ayude a despertarse cada mañana de una manera natural y paulatina. Después de analizar detenidamente la problemática, se determinó una frase de utilidad y se procedió a realizar un estudio inicial donde, en primer lugar, se llevó a cabo una documentación acerca de los puntos claves que permitieran materializar la solución. Por otro lado, se identificó a los usuarios potenciales y se analizaron sus hábitos y conductas a través de una encuesta. El estudio inicial se dio por finalizado después de realizar una investigación de las tendencias actuales y la oferta del mercado, con la identificación de los principales competidores. De este modo, se pudieron extraer los puntos débiles y necesidades sin cubrir que mostraba el mercado y que marcaban una premisa fundamental en el desarrollo del producto, la versatilidad y la autonomía en el uso. Con toda esta información presente se pudo llevar a cabo la fase conceptual y la fase de detalle de la propuesta finalmente seleccionada. Posteriormente, se analizó su viabilidad económica y se validó el diseño mediante una encuesta final a los usuarios. Finalmente, se concluyó que la solución desarrollada presenta un concepto viable e innovador en el mercado actual que permite ampliar el grupo de usuarios potenciales y resolver una nueva necesidad. Lighting plays a very important role in our lives, it affects and stimulates us both physically and psychologically, influencing people's health and well-being. This is why it is a key factor to have flexible and portable lighting, in accordance with the aesthetics of the home environment, which accompanies the user and makes it easier for them to fall asleep and, in addition, helps them wake up every morning with a natural and gradual way. After carefully analysing the problem, a useful phrase was determined and an initial study was carried out where, in the first place, a documentation was carried out about the key points that would allow the solution to materialize. On the other hand, potential users were identified and their habits and behaviours were analysed through a survey. The initial study was concluded after conducting an investigation of current trends and market supply, with the identification of the main competitors. In this way, it was possible to extract the weak points and unmet needs that the market showed and that marked a fundamental premise in the development of the product, versatility and autonomy in use. With all this information present, it was possible to carry out the conceptual phase and the detail phase of the finally selected proposal. Subsequently, its economic viability was analysed and the design was validated through a final user survey. Finally, it is concluded that the developed solution presents a viable and innovative concept in the current market that allows expanding the group of potential users and solving a new need.

The study of Islamic arts is one of the important matters, as it reflects the extent of progress and development of Islamic peoples, and what they were of civilization, and the enjoyment of progress and prosperity, and Illumination tools are among the most important tools that have accompanied man throughout the ages, and the era of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty witnessed the types And many forms of Illumination tools, as we received many of these pieces preserved in palaces and museums, it is known that the Dynasty of Muhammad Ali has been greatly affected by artistic trends that prevailed in Europe, As happened during the reign of Said and also during the era of Khedive Ismail, where he was known to be the carrier of the European Renaissance to Egypt, due to his intense influence on European culture and architecture, especially the French, where he studied in Paris engineering sciences, mathematics and nature, and upon his assumption of the throne of Egypt wanted to make Cairo a city competing with The major European capitals, especially Paris, where he wanted to make Cairo the East of Paris, these developments combined to make the lighting units a wide field of creativity in techniques, shapes and motifs These European influences were represented in the use of the Baroque and Rococo styles in forming and decorating the Illumination tools of the group under study, It is characterized by exaggeration in the decoration, and the research deals with a set of lighting tools that It dates back to the (13th AH / 19th century) Saved Hall Silver Abdeen Palace including (Lamps - candles), archaeological study of art , A descriptive study And An analytical study of Illumination tools will be done in terms of functions and shapes and a study of the raw materials from which this group was made and the methods of formation and methods of decoration and also the various decorative elements that were found on this group, whether plant or engineering or living or fictional objects in addition to artistic effects .

Firmalampen, produced in enormous quantities in the Northern provinces of the Roman Empire, bear with them still many mysteries to be solved. The most important of these concerns the very few individuals which have ever been used, if compared to the immense corpora of this type, gathered from Britannia to all the provinces situated along the Rhine and the Danube limes. This fact is not only in contrast with the quantities unearthed, but also with the incredible technological progress brought by a Firmalampe. By placing the wick on its channel, its lighting power doubles, being then comparable to the cumulative light provided by two contemporary "discus-lamps". This article aims to offer a new framework and new hypothesis for further studies, by examining diverse elements: locations and delocalizations of the workshops, supply chains leading to the most remote newly conquered areas, military and civilian logistic needs and tastes. Last but not least, a list of specific contexts where the majority of the lamps of this type are found with traces of use will give further clues, for the Firmalampen as well as for another poorly aesthetic and merely utilitarian type, which seem to have the same fate: the much less studied Imperial Vogelkopflampen. The latter type has also been created and manufactured massively during almost three centuries, with a specific "industrial design" elaborated to suit other specific needs: package easiness and possibility to fix them on a wall with a simple nail thanks to their vertical, pierced handle.

The article presents the results of the energy efficiency study and light quality of LED illuminators (lamps) for general lighting, in particular colorimetric parameters, light flux modulation and photobiological safety. It is shown that two-base LED lamps with G13 base and luminaires for outdoor lighting have achieved energy efficiency class A++. LED lamps with E27 base and indoor lighting fixtures with light diffusers have a light output 25–35% lower and correspond to energy efficiency classes A+, A, B. Correlated color temperature (FTA) of indoor lighting fixtures is mainly in the range of 3000–4500 K, and the total color rendering index Ra – in the range of 71–86 units. The deviation of chromaticity from nominal values can reach 7+ degrees of McAdam ellipses (7+ standard deviations of SDCM comparison color). The angular non-uniformity of color in luminaires with diffuse light diffusers does not exceed 3 SDCM, and for luminaires without light diffusers and with lens optics - can exceed 7+ SDCM. It is shown that LED luminaires for indoor lighting have a mainly safe level of flicker and visibility of the stroboscopic effect. In the frequency range up to 80 Hz, the flicker level, which is observed with a probability of 50% lower than incandescent lamps with a power of 60 watts. In the frequency range up to 3000 Hz, the modulation depth corresponds to a level that does not create adverse biological effects. LED lamps and illuminators for general lighting entering the lighting market do not exceed the parameters of the insignificant risk danger group of blue light RG1. Lamps and illuminators using diffuse light diffusers belong to the general group RG0 (no risk). Conclusions are made on energy efficiency and light quality of LED lamps., В статье приведены результаты исследования энергоэффективности и качества света светодиодных светильников (ламп) для общего освещения, в частности колориметрических параметров, модуляции светового потока и фотобиологической безопасности. Показано, что двухцокольные светодиодные лампы с цоколем G13 и светильники для наружного освещения достигли энергоэффективности класса А++. Светодиодные лампы с цоколем Е27 и светильники для внутреннего освещения с светорассеивателями имеют световую отдачу на 25‒35% ниже и соответствуют классам энергоэффективности А+, А, В. Светодиодные светильники для внутреннего освещения имеют преимущественно безопасный уровень мерцания и видимости стробоскопического эффекта. Светодиодные лампы и светильники для общего освещения, поступающие на светотехнический рынок, не превышают параметров группы незначительного риска опасности синего света RG1. Лампы и светильники с использованием диффузных светорассеивателей относятся к общей группе RG0 (отсутствует риск)., У статті наведено результати дослідження енергоефективності та якості світла світлодіодних світильників (ламп) для загального освітлення, зокрема, колориметричних параметрів, модуляції світлового потоку та фотобіологічної безпечності. Показано, що двоцокольні світлодіодні лампи з цоколем G13 і світильники для зовнішнього освітлення досягли енергоефективності класу А++. Світлодіодні лампи з цоколем Е27 та світильники для внутрішнього освітлення зі світлорозсіювачами мають світлову віддачу на 25–35% нижчу і відповідають класам енергоефективності А+, А, В. Корельована колірна температура (ССТ) світильників для внутрішнього освітлення перебуває переважно в інтервалі 3000–4500К, а загальний індекс кольоропередавання Ra – в інтервалі 70–86 одиниць. Показано, що світлодіодні світильники для внутрішнього освітлення мають переважно безпечний рівень мерехтіння, а небезпека синього світла не перевищує параметри груп незначного ризику. Лампи і світильники з використанням дифузних світлорозсіювачів відносяться до загальної групи RG0 (відсутній ризик). Зроблені висновки щодо енергоефективності та якості світла світлодіодних світильників (ламп).

Existeixen diferents teràpies que treballen amb la llum, com la luminoteràpia i la cromoteràpia que ajuden a millorar el benestar de les persones mitjançant la incidència, el color i la intensitat de la llum. Des del punt de vista del TEA és una opció interessant ja que són persones molt sensibles als estímuls i els poden ajudar a millorar la qualitat de vida. L’objectiu principal d’aquest projecte és dissenyar un llum que incorpori un sistema de manovelles amb diferents textures que permetin modificar el color de la llum segons la rotació que se li donin. Canviant la combinació de colors segons RGB i obtenint diferents tonalitats i intensitats mitjançant la interacció amb l’objecte. Està pensat principalment per als nens i nenes d’entre 5 i 15 anys que pateixen del Trastorn de l’Espectre Autista. S’intenta reduir els nivells d’estrès que pateixen aquests nens i nenes a més de poder crear un entorn on es sentin còmodes i segurs. Pot servir també com a distracció, ja que incorpora un petit i senzill joc a través del qual poden practicar les seves habilitats comunicatives. S’ha fet un treball de cerca sobre el trastorn i les conseqüències que comporta a les vides d’aquestes infants, així com un estudi per tal de conèixer les seves necessitats i opinions. Posteriorment, s’han realitzat un seguit de propostes d’entre les quals ha sortit el model final escollit, amb l’ajut del recull de les dades de l’enquesta. El modelat 3D de la llum s’ha realitzat amb el programari de SolidWorks 2020 SP0 i el material utilitzat per la seva fabricació és el PLA. There is different types of therapies that work with light, like luminotherapy and chromotherapy, they help improving well-being of people through the direction, color and intensity of the light. From the point of view of an ASD person is an interesting option due to their sensibility and it could get better live quality The main objective of this project is to design a light that adds a crank mechanism with different textures, which allows modifying the colour of the light depending on the rotation given. By changing the colours combination of RGB, getting a variety of colours and intensities through the interaction with the object. It is primarily thought for children between 5 to 15 year old with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It tries to reduce the stress level that suffers the children with this disorder, searching to generate a safe and comfortable environment. It may be able to distract them, due to the small and simple game that brings by means of improving their communication skills. Research work has been done in the Disorder domain and the consequences that are involved in the children’s lives, as well as a study to know their needs and opinions. Afterwards, a few submissions have been done, of which the final model has been chosen, with the support of survey’s data. The 3D modelling of the light will be done with the program SolidWorks 2020 SP0. The material used for its manufacturing is PLA.

This report presents the master thesis project carried out by Pierre Lindgren & Jacob Thagaard Hansen at KTH Royal Institute of technology for IKEA of Sweden. The project aimed to explore the capabilities of so-called smart textiles, as well as to establish clear user needs which these can meet. Based on this, a design proposal for a furniture concept was developed, with the main purpose of offering the client IKEA clearer paths for further research and development on the chosen materials. The final design proposal, which was named ODENSE, was developed based on the needs of users who want to be more active in their homes. The design proposal meets their need to have easy access to their training equipment, by way of a multi-functional storage. The storage solution offers additional functionality in the form of light, thus occupying the same space and providing the same functions as a floor lamp and a small storage shelf. The design proposal potentially offers additional environmental benefits with regard to energy consumption and CO2 emission as it merges two products and functions. As the furniture concept combines the functions light and storage, it also has the opportunity to meet more needs than what it was initially developed for. Thus, Odense has great potential to be further developed to meet the needs of even more users. The project group found great benefit in the concurrent background research on smart textiles, as it enriched the user study significantly and opened up the minds of both the interviewees and the project group members to the future development opportunities. I denna rapport presenteras examensarbetet som utförts av Pierre Lindgren & Jacob Thagaard Hansen på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan för Ikea of Sweden. Projektet gick ut på att utforska de möjligheter som så kallade smarta textilier erbjuder, samt att etablera tydliga användarbehov som dessa kan uppfylla. Utifrån detta kunde ett designförslag för ett möbelkoncept tas fram, med huvudändamålet att erbjuda uppdragsgivaren Ikea tydligare spår för vidare utveckling och efterforskning om materialen som valts. Det slutgiltiga designförslaget, som döptes Odense, togs fram utifrån behoven hos användare som önskar vara mer aktiva i sina hem. Designförslaget möter deras behov av att ha enkel tillgång till deras träningsutrustning, detta via multifunktionell förvaring. Förvaringslösningen erbjuder ytterligare funktionalitet i form av ljus. Designförslaget erbjuder potentiellt även ytterligare miljörelaterade förbättringar med avseende på energiförbrukning och CO2-utsläpp, eftersom det slår samman två produkter och funktioner. Då möbelkonceptet kombinerar funktionerna ljus och förvaring har det även möjlighet att möta fler behov än vad konceptet initialt togs fram för. Således har Odense stor potential att vidareutvecklas för att möta ännu fler användares behov. Projektgruppen fann stor nytta i den breda efterforskningen om smarta textilier, då den berikade användarstudien betydligt och öppnade upp både de intervjuades och projektgrupp-medlemmarnas sinnen till de framtida utvecklingsmöjligheterna.

[ES] El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el diseño de una lámpara de mesa inalámbrica para el hábitat y espacios contract, así como la representación fotorrealista de la misma. En él se definirá¿ desde el diseño conceptual del producto hasta los planos técnicos destinados para su fabricación. En las fases de este proyecto se tendrán en cuenta los requerimientos y condiciones propias de un encargo equiparable en una empresa diseñadora de luminarias de calidad., [EN] The objective of this project is to design a wireless table lamp for living spaces and contract spaces, as well as its photorealistic representation. It will be defined from the conceptual design of the product to the technical plans for its manufacture. In the phases of this project, the requirements and conditions of a comparable assignment in a quality luminaire design company will be taken into account., [CA] El present projecte té com a objectiu el disseny d'un llum de taula sense fils per a l'hàbitat i espais contract, així com la representació fotorealista de la mateixa. S'hi definirà des del disseny conceptual del producte fins als plans tècnics destinats per a la seva fabricació. En les fases d'aquest projecte es tindran en compte els requeriments i condicions pròpies d'un encàrrec equiparable a una empresa dissenyadora de lluminàries de qualitat.

The present article aims to analyze the late antique lamps with discus bearing an arch or a niche laying on two columns. This architectural motif has been discussed for forty years for its meaning, regardless of its rendering or the type of lamps it adorned. We have identified four different types of lamps and two main renderings. The ovoid lamps adorned with an arch on columns, quantitatively the most frequent, are to be found mostly in Constantinople and near cities, the Black Sea coast and the Danubian sites, but also in Egypt (where they appear also in a late variant), Cyprus and Byblos. With a complete atlas comprising several unpublished lamps, all the evidences brought together allow to make some "order” within the past hypothesis and open another door to understanding the booming economy of the Pontic area as well as the recently rebuilt Danubian limes fortresses, during their apex, in the late 5th and 6th centuries AD.

A novel power converter system to drive medical laser equipment is proposed here, which has the major features of interleaving, external auxiliary triggering, and lighting period control. The converter system can deal with universal line input and provide instantaneous high power for medical laser equipment. This system mainly includes an interleaved-boost front end (IBFE), a lighting-period control unit (LPCU), an energy-stored capacitor bank (ESCB), an igniting and arc-sustaining circuit (IASC), external auxiliary triggering circuit (EATC), and a system controller (SC). With them, it is able to fulfil power factor correction (PFC), lower input current ripple, deal with universal line voltage, provide a larger current to xenon lamp, ignite xenon lamp at a lower voltage, and sustain lamp arc. The sustained arc will be beneficial to light the xenon lamp again. As a result, much more precise timing of laser output control can be accomplished. The operation of the converter system is discussed. In addition, a 2-kW prototype to deal with the line voltage range of 90 to 265 V ac is built and examined. Key waveforms and practical measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed converter system.

Głównym celem artykułu jest skonfrontowanie skomplikowanej historii egzegezy przypowieści o dziesięciu pannach (Mt 25,1-13) ze współczesnymi próbami jej zrozumienia przy zastosowaniu metody historyczno-krytycznej. Metoda historyczno-krytyczna ukazuje bowiem szereg problemów z zakresu krytyki tekstu jak i procesu redakcji, który rzutował na zrozumienie przypowieści na przestrzeni wieków. Najważniejszym pytaniem jest pytanie o tożsamość oblubieńca: czy jest to Jezus czy raczej uosobienie niesprawiedliwości społecznej? The main aim of the article is to present, employing the tools of historical criticism, six problematic “nodes” around which a complex exegesis of the Parable of the Ten Virgins (Mt 25:1-13) has evolved over the centuries. These six problems are: (a) the identity of παρθένοι (the changes in the meaning stemming from the accommodation process); (b) the aspect of competition within a patriarchal society (good or bad?); (c) the bride (present or absent?); (d) the role of the virgins in the wedding procession (the chance of finding a husband, witnesses to the marriage contract, part of the beauty of the wedding ceremony?); (e) lamps or torches?; and (f) the fate of the foolish virgins (punishment or harm?). Moreover, historical criticism also points out a number of problems concerning the critica textus, as well as the intricate process of editing which influenced the understanding of the parable. Yet the most important question, as encapsulated in the article, is the identity and proper understanding of the bridegroom: does this character (as tradition has it) represent Jesus himself or, conversely, might it perhaps serve here as a personification of social injustice?

This paper addresses reading failures of a barcode scanner interfered by light emitting diode (LED) lamps. It quantifies the reading performance in terms of timing signal-to-interference ratio (TSIR), in particular, as a function of modulation depth and frequency of the interference from modulated LED lighting. At the decision variable, the interference typically generated in the LED driver by a switched mode power supply (SMPS) is neither additive nor Gaussian. It has frequencies up to several MHz that can seriously affect the barcode reading performance. To calculate the signal and interference power for TSIR, the laser scanner physical channels are analyzed, including the laser beam path and the LED interference path. Since barcode scanners usually use peak or edge detection, the reading reliability is subject to the first and second derivatives of the LED inference, respectively. We validate the proposed TSIR for predicting scanner reading performance by experiments. For instance, we found that typical scanners reach a specified sensitivity at a TSIR value of around 50. We further investigate the reading performance under multi-frequency interference, e.g., interference from the harmonics of the SMPS control signal. In general, this paper presents a simple, yet realistic model to quantify the reading performance in terms of TSIR for barcode scanner subject to single-frequency LED interference, and it proposes an empirically verified flicker interference metric (FIM) for multi-frequency interference.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the typology, design features and carved decor of the wooden lamps in the interiors of the religious buildings in Galicia. The research methodology is based on the general principles of scientific work: consistency, authenticity, historicism, logic. The author of the article applies a comparative and typological method to analyse the design features of the lamps. And the methods of hermeneutics and semiotics were used to analyse ornamental and compositional systems of decoration. The scientific novelty of the work is the introduction of the unknown artefacts of church art into the scientific circulation. The author collected these data himself during his scientific expeditions to museums or directly in churches — both in Ukraine and abroad. Conclusions. The study of the design features and decor of the analysed lamps has shown that table lamps, as a rule, are smaller than candelabras (stavnyk), although sometimes according to the principle of composition, they are the same as candelabras, as, for example, the candelabra from the Kryvorivnia Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The study has confirmed that the lamps harmoniously fit into the design of the church interior, complementing the ensemble. For example, in the church in the village of Duliby or Pozdiach. In fact, the design ensembles of these religious sites are made in the same style. The author of the article provides an analysis of the image design solution and the nature of the decor of specific samples of the lamps, and argues that the development of the lamp art (as well as other elements of church equipment) occurs in two directions: imitation of historical styles in line with eclectic versions and the use of ornamental and compositional structures of traditional folk art. The features of a successful combination of these trends in the image solution of the spider chandelier from Galicia, which is kept in the collection-exposition of the National Museum in Lviv, have been demonstrated. The study has shown the original use of Hutsul folk carving traditions in the decoration of the spider chandelier from the Church of St. George in the village of Duliby, made by the famous master Vasyl Turchyniak: he used traditional geometric ornaments with ancient symbols. The significance of the © Roman Odrekhivskyi, 2021 The article was received by the editorial office: 11.08.2020 study lies in the possibility of using the processed material in the restoration of the old and construction of the new churches., Цель исследования — проанализировать типологию, конструктивные особенности и резной декор деревянных светильников в интерьере украинской церкви на образцах из Галиции. Методология исследования основывается на общих принципах научной работы: системности, достоверности, историзме, логичности. Для анализа конструктивных особенностей светильников применяется сравнительно- типологический метод. Во время анализа орнаментально-композиционных систем декора — методы герменевтики и семиотики. Новизна работы заключается во введении в научный оборот неизвестных артефактов церковного искусства, данные о которых собраны автором в ходе научных экспедиций в музеях или полевых исследований, непосредственно в церквях — как в Украине, так и за рубежом. Выводы. Исследования конструктивных особенностей и декора проанализированных светильников свидетельствует, что настенные светильники, как правило, меньших размеров, чем ставники, хотя иногда, по принципу композиции изделия — одинаковы с ними, как например, ставник из криворивнянской церкви Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы. Подтверждено, что светильники гармонично вписываются в дизайн церковного интерьера, дополняя ансамбль, например, в церкви в Дулибах или Поздяче. Собственно, дизайнерские ансамбли этих культовых объектов выполнены в едином стиле. Проанализировано образно-конструктивное решение и характер декора конкретных образцов светильников, на основании чего можно утверждать, что развитие искусства светильников, (как и других элементов церковной утвари) происходит в двух направлениях: наследование исторических стилей в русле эклектических версий и использование орнаментально-композиционных структур традиционного народного искусства. Продемонстрированы особенности удачного сочетания этих направлений в образном решении люстры-паука из Галиции, которая хранится в коллекции-экспозиции Национального музея во Львове. Засвидетельствовано оригинальное использование традиций гуцульской народной резьбы в декоре люстры- паука из церкви Св. Юрия с. Дулибы, изготовленного знаменитым мастером Василием Турчиняком: им использованы традиционные геометрические орнаменты с древней символикой. Значимость исследования состоит в возможности использования его материалов при реставрации старых и строительстве новых храмов., Мета дослідження — проаналізувати типологію, конструктивні особливості та різьблений декор дерев’яних світильників у інтер’єрах культових споруд Галичини. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на загальних принципах наукової роботи: системності, достовірності, історизму, логічності. Для аналізу конструктивних особливостей світильників застосовується порівняльно-типологічний метод. Під час аналізу орнаментально-композиційних систем декору — методи герменевтики та семіотики. Новизна роботи полягає в залученні до наукового обігу невідомих артефактів церковного мистецтва, дані про які зібрані автором особисто під час наукових експедицій у музеях чи на польових теренах, безпосередньо у церквах — як в Україні, так і за кордоном. Висновки. Дослідження конструктивних особливостей та декору проаналізованих світильників засвідчило, що настільні світильники, як правило, менших розмірів, ніж ставники, хоч інколи за принципом композиції виробу — однакові з ними, як, наприклад, ставник з криворівнянської церкви Різдва Пресвятої Богородиці. Підтверджено, що світильники гармонійно вписуються у дизайн церковного інтер’єру, доповнюючи ансамбль. Наприклад, у церкві в Дулібах чи Поздячі. Власне, дизайнерські ансамблі цих культових об’єктів виконані у єдиному стилі. Проаналізовано образне конструктивне вирішення та характер декору конкретних зразків світильників, на підставі чого можна стверджувати, що розвиток мистецтва світильників (як й інших елементів церковного обладнання) відбувається у двох напрямах: наслідування історичних стилів в руслі еклектичних версій та застосування орнаментально- композиційних структур традиційного народного мистецтва. Продемонстровано особливості вдалого поєднання цих напрямів у образному вирішенні люстри-павука із Галичини, що зберігається у колекції-експозиції Національного музею у Львові. Засвідчено оригінальне використання традицій гуцульського народного різьблення у декорі люстри-павука із церкви Св. Юрія с. Дуліби, виготовленого знаменитим майстром Василем Турчиняком: ним застосовані традиційні геометричні орнаменти із стародавньою символікою. Значимість дослідження полягає у можливості використання опрацьованого матеріалу при реставрації старих та будівництві нових храмів.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the typology, design features and carved decor of the wooden lamps in the interiors of the religious buildings in Galicia. The research methodology is based on the general principles of scientific work: consistency, authenticity, historicism, logic. The author of the article applies a comparative and typological method to analyse the design features of the lamps. And the methods of hermeneutics and semiotics were used to analyse ornamental and compositional systems of decoration. The scientific novelty of the work is the introduction of the unknown artefacts of church art into the scientific circulation. The author collected these data himself during his scientific expeditions to museums or directly in churches — both in Ukraine and abroad. Conclusions. The study of the design features and decor of the analysed lamps has shown that table lamps, as a rule, are smaller than candelabras (stavnyk), although sometimes according to the principle of composition, they are the same as candelabras, as, for example, the candelabra from the Kryvorivnia Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The study has confirmed that the lamps harmoniously fit into the design of the church interior, complementing the ensemble. For example, in the church in the village of Duliby or Pozdiach. In fact, the design ensembles of these religious sites are made in the same style. The author of the article provides an analysis of the image design solution and the nature of the decor of specific samples of the lamps, and argues that the development of the lamp art (as well as other elements of church equipment) occurs in two directions: imitation of historical styles in line with eclectic versions and the use of ornamental and compositional structures of traditional folk art. The features of a successful combination of these trends in the image solution of the spider chandelier from Galicia, which is kept in the collection-exposition of the National Museum in Lviv, have been demonstrated. The study has shown the original use of Hutsul folk carving traditions in the decoration of the spider chandelier from the Church of St. George in the village of Duliby, made by the famous master Vasyl Turchyniak: he used traditional geometric ornaments with ancient symbols. The significance of the © Roman Odrekhivskyi, 2021 The article was received by the editorial office: 11.08.2020 study lies in the possibility of using the processed material in the restoration of the old and construction of the new churches.

U članku su obrađeni podmorski arheološki nalazi nađeni ispred gospodarskog kompleksa u Mulinama na sjeverozapadnom dijelu otoka Ugljana. Riječ je o nalazima, prije svega keramičkih ulomaka te nešto stakla, prikupljenim tijekom kratkih sondažnih arheoloških istraživanja provedenih 1997. godine. Najveći broj pripada dijelovima amfora, ali su pronađeni i ulomci finijih sigilatnih ili grubljih kuhinjskih keramičkih posuda, nekoliko ulomaka tegula, dva ulomka uljanica i jedan pršljen. Nažalost, velik broj nalaza nije moguće tipološki odrediti jer je riječ tek o ulomcima trbuha i tijela amfora koji ne pružaju dovoljno podataka za detaljniju klasifikaciju. U radu je predstavljen samo dio primjeraka koji su sa sigurnošću determinirani, a njihovom je klasifikacijom određen vremenski okvir kojem pripada i čitav antički i kasnoantički kompleks., The article deals with underwater archaeological finds discovered in front of a complex of outhouses in Muline in the north-western part of the island of Ugljan. The finds include mostly pottery fragments and some glass collected during brief archaeological trial trenching conducted in 1997. The majority of fragments are amphora shards, but fragments of fine sigillata as well as coarse kitchenware were also found, along with several tegulae fragments, two oil lamp fragments and a whorl. Unfortunately, a large number of finds cannot be typologically classified, as they represent amphora belly and body fragments that do not provide sufficient data for more detailed classification. The paper presents only part of the specimens which it was possible to classify with certainty. Their classification determines the time frame to which the entire Antiquity and Late Antiquity complex belongs.

Madrider Mitteilungen, Vol. 30 (1989), Folgt.

Stakleni predmeti predstavljaju vrlo čest nalaz na arheološkim lokalitetima razvijenog i kasnog srednjeg vijeka. U radu su obuhvaćeni nalazi iz navedenog razdoblja pronađeni na području Dalmacije. Poznat je veći broj lokaliteta na kojima je pronađena ova vrsta nalaza. Najviše nalaza potječe iz urbanih središta, odnosno Zadra, Splita i Dubrovnika. Od navedenih gradova posebno se ističe Dubrovnik jer je na njegovom prostoru zabilježeno postojanje staklarskih radionica, u kojima su djelovali majstori stranog i domaćeg porijekla. Prilikom proučavanja staklenih nalaza treba uzeti u obzir pisane i slikovne povijesne izvore. Pomoću pisanih izvora može se pratiti razvoj staklarstva, dok se na slikovnim izvorima mogu prepoznati mnoge vrste staklenih predmeta koje se pronalaze na arheološkim istraživanjima. Jedna od brojnijih i zastupljenijih grupa staklenih predmeta obrađenih u radu su staklene čaše. Njihovi oblici variraju od dosta jednostavnih, neukrašenih, koničnih čaša do čaša ukrašenih rebrima, aplikacijama, emajlom i sl. te čaša na nozi. Boce također predstavljaju jednu od brojnijih vrsta nalaza. Njihov se oblik tijekom povijesti nije mnogo mijenjao, no moguće je izdvojiti nekoliko tipova boca s područja Dalmacije. Stakleni vrčevi su vrlo slabo zastupljeni. Staklene zdjele su pronađene u ukrašenom i neukrašenom obliku. Među brojnije nalaze spadaju staklene svjetiljke i prozori. Obje vrste predmeta korištene su u profanim i sakralnim objektima. Svjetiljke su zastupljene u dva tipa, bikonične svjetiljke i svjetiljke zvonolikog tipa. Od prozorskog stakla većina nalaza pripada prozorskim staklima kružnog oblika ili oculima. Drugi oblici ulomaka prozorskog stakla, koji su bili dijelovi vitraja, slabo su zastupljeni. Obrađene su i staklene prele koje se mogu datirati u razdoblje razvijenog i kasnog srednjeg vijeka. Staklene narukvice nisu pronađene na području Dalmacije, no zbog njihove zastupljenosti na lokalitetima sa šireg prostora Balkana može se očekivati njihova pojava tijekom budućih arheoloških istraživanja. Znatan broj staklenih nalaza nije moguće svrstati u pripadajuće im grupe zbog njihove loše očuvanosti i fragmentiranosti. Glass objects represent very common finds at archeological sites of High and Late Middle Ages. The paper includes findings from this period discovered in Dalmatia. There are a number of sites where this type of finds was found. Most of the finds come from urban centers like Zadar, Split and Dubrovnik. Among these cities, Dubrovnik stands out because there, the existence of glass workshops was recorded, in which masters of foreign and domestic origin worked. Historical sources, both written and visual, should be taken into account when studying glass finds. Written sources can be used to follow the development of glass making, while many types of glass objects found in archaeological research can be identified from visual historical sources. One of the most numerous groups of glass objects processed in the paper are glass beakers. Their shapes vary from quite simple, undecorated, conical beakers to beakers decorated with ribs, applications, enamel, etc. and goblets. Another numerous type of finds are bottles. Their shape did not change much throughout history, but it is possible to classify several types of bottles from finds in Dalmatia. Glass jugs are very poorly represented among glass findings. Glass bowls were found in decorated and undecorated form. Among the most numerous finds are glass lamps and windows. Both types of objects were used in secular and religious buildings. Lamps are represented in two types, biconical lamps and bell-shaped lamps. Most finds of window glass belong to circular window panes or oculus. Other forms of window glass fragments, which were parts of stained glass, are poorly represented. The paper also deals with finds of small glass beads, dated to High and Late Middle ages. Glass bracelets haven`t been found in Dalmatia, but due to their presence on sites from the wider area of Balkans, their appearance can be expected during future archaeological research. A significant number of glass finds cannot be classified in appropriate groups due to their poor preservation and fragmentation.

[ES] En este trabajo se plantea la mejora de la instalación de iluminación desde el punto de vista de la eficiencia energética lumínica en tres aulas de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de la Edificación de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Para ello, se estudia y analiza el estado actual de la instalación de las tres aulas, utilizando el programa CYPELUX, donde se obtiene tanto los valores de rendimiento visual y energético como el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente. Una vez realizados los cálculos, se proponen dos casos de mejora de instalación, ambos con cambio de luminaria. En el primer caso se mantiene la ubicación actual de las luminarias, mientras que en el segundo se calcula una nueva distribución. Por último, se realiza un estudio económico comparativo de los tres tipos de instalación y un estudio de amortización de la nueva instalación., [CA] En aquest treball es planteja la millora de la instal·lació d’il·luminació des del punt de vista de l’eficiència energètica lumínica en tres aules de l’Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de l’Edificació de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Per a això, s’estudia i analitza l’estat actual de la instal·lació de les tres aules, utilitzant el programa CYPELUX, on s’obté tant els valors de rendiment visual i energètica com el compliment de la normativa vigent. Una vegada realitzats els càlculs, es proposen dos casos de millora d’instal·lació, tots dos amb canvi de lluminària. En el primer cas es manté la ubicació actual de les lluminàries, mentre que el es segon es calcula una nova distribució. Finalment, es realitza un estudi econòmic comparatiu dels tres tipus d’instal·lació i un estudi d’amortització de la nova instal·lació., [EN] In this work, the improvement of the lighting installation from the point of view of lighting energy efficiency in three classrooms of the Higher Technical School of Building Engineering of Polytechnic University of Valencia is proposed. To this end, the current state of the installation of the three classrooms is studied and analysed using the CYPELUX programme, where both the visual and energy performance values and compliance with current regulations are obtained. Once the calculations have been made, two cases of installation improvement are proposed, both involving a change of luminaire. In the first case, the current location of the luminaires is maintained, while in the second, a new distribution is calculated. Finally, a comparative economic study of three types of installation and a study of the amortisation of the new installation are carried out.

Οι λύχνοι από το ιερό του Ερμή και της Αφροδίτης στη Σύμη Βιάννου, Κρήτη. Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει το σύνολο των λύχνων που βρέθηκαν στο Κτήριο C-D του Ιερού του Ερμή και της Αφροδίτης στη Σύμη Βιάννου. Εκτός από λίγους λύχνους των ύστερων ελληνιστικών χρόνων, η πλειοψηφία των λύχνων χρονολογείται από τον 1ο έως τον 3ο αι. μ.Χ. Από τη μελέτη της εικονογραφίας δεν προκύπτει άμεση σύνδεση των διακοσμητικών θεμάτων τους με τη λατρεία των δύο θεοτήτων. Ελάχιστοι λύχνοι που χρονολογούνται στον 6ο-7ο αι. μ.Χ., βρέθηκαν κοντά στη πηγή στα ανατολικά του ανασκαφικού χώρου, συνδέονται με την κατασκευή σύγχρονου βυζαντινού ναϊδρίου, αλλά και με τη συνεχή ιερότητα του χώρου κατά τη χριστιανική περίοδο.

Minoan lamps remain the only artificial light sources that have not yet been studied as lighting devices but rather as chronological and regional markers. This research proposes a functional analysis of these objects, entailing from the wick to the light, and investigates, through this prism, the rhythm of activities and the Minoans’ lived space. To this end, an interdisciplinary approach was developed. A typo-techno-functional analysis has been applied to 543 lamps and objects that could have a link with lighting. This corpus comes from seven settlements in a chronological sequence covering the whole Bronze Age, thus permitting a diachronic analysis of lighting techniques within the sites. The function of lamps has been studied through an experimental approach. Based on the reconstruction of shapes, fuels and wicks available in the Minoans’ environment, it has shed light on technical aspects of their utilization (transport, burning length, smokes, smells, light). In this frame, a reference database of soot deposits has been designed. These deposits’ shape and texture vary according to the fuels used. Experimental photometric recordings have, besides, showcased that light ambiances differ according to the fuels. Consequently, the reference database not only helped identifying the fuels of minoan lamps (vegetal oils, animal fats, beeswax) but also their flames’ colour and intensity, based on which some first three-dimensions models have been built. A spatial analysis of lamps in their archaeological context, eventually, contributed to define the role of light on the rhythm and the localization of activities from the daily life, sometimes thanks to ethnographic analogies. This is the picture of a preindustrial society that one shall keep in mind: work starts at dawn and ends at dusk. Its rhythm and intensity vary according to seasons, weather and altitude. Lamps lighted, from the evening onwards, and sometimes during daytime, collective and individual activities, inside and outside. However, their flames didn’t permit to see beyond one meter far, suggesting that moving in the dark was common.; Les lampes minoennes sont les seules sources de lumière artificielle à ne pas avoir été étudiées comme telles mais plutôt comme marqueurs chronologiques et régionaux. Ce travail de recherche propose une analyse fonctionnelle de ces objets, depuis la mèche jusqu’à la lumière produite et enquête, par ce prisme, sur le rythme des activités et l’espace vécu des Minoens. À cet effet, une approche interdisciplinaire a été mise en œuvre. Une analyse typo-techno-fonctionnelle a été appliquée à 543 lampes et objets ayant pu avoir un lien avec l’éclairage. Ce corpus est issu de sept sites dont la séquence chronologique couvre l’ensemble de l’âge du Bronze ; il autorise une analyse diachronique des techniques d’éclairage dans l’habitat. Le fonctionnement des lampes a été étudié dans le cadre d’un programme expérimental. Fondé sur la reconstitution du répertoire des formes, des combustibles et des mèches disponibles dans l’environnement des Minoens, il a jeté un éclairage nouveau sur les aspects techniques de leur utilisation (transport, durée de combustion, fumées, odeurs, lumière). Dans ce cadre, un référentiel de dépôts de suie a été élaboré. La forme et la texture de ces dépôts varie selon la nature des combustibles utilisés. Des enregistrements photométriques expérimentaux ont, par ailleurs, montré que les ambiances lumineuses diffèrent en fonction des combustibles utilisés. Le référentiel a donc non seulement permis d’identifier les combustibles des lampes minoennes (huiles végétales, graisses animales, cire d’abeille) mais aussi la couleur et l’intensité de leurs flammes, à partir desquels de premiers modèles en trois dimensions ont été réalisés. Une analyse spatiale des lampes dans leur contexte archéologique a, enfin, contribué à préciser le rôle de la lumière dans le rythme et la localisation des activités quotidiennes en s’appuyant, par moments, sur des analogies ethnographiques. C’est l’image d’une société préindustrielle qu’il faut avoir en tête : la journée de travail commence à l’aube et se termine au crépuscule. Son rythme et son intensité varient en fonction des saisons, de la météo et de l’altitude. Les lampes éclairaient, le soir venu, et parfois en journée, des activités collectives et individuelles, à l’extérieur ou à l’intérieur. Mais leurs flammes ne permettaient pas de voir à plus d’un mètre, ce qui suggère que l’on se déplaçait régulièrement dans le noir.

Les lampes minoennes sont les seules sources de lumière artificielle à ne pas avoir été étudiées comme telles mais plutôt comme marqueurs chronologiques et régionaux. Ce travail de recherche propose une analyse fonctionnelle de ces objets, depuis la mèche jusqu’à la lumière produite et enquête, par ce prisme, sur le rythme des activités et l’espace vécu des Minoens.À cet effet, une approche interdisciplinaire a été mise en œuvre. Une analyse typo-techno-fonctionnelle a été appliquée à 543 lampes et objets ayant pu avoir un lien avec l’éclairage. Ce corpus est issu de sept sites dont la séquence chronologique couvre l’ensemble de l’âge du Bronze ; il autorise une analyse diachronique des techniques d’éclairage dans l’habitat. Le fonctionnement des lampes a été étudié dans le cadre d’un programme expérimental. Fondé sur la reconstitution du répertoire des formes, des combustibles et des mèches disponibles dans l’environnement des Minoens, il a jeté un éclairage nouveau sur les aspects techniques de leur utilisation (transport, durée de combustion, fumées, odeurs, lumière).Dans ce cadre, un référentiel de dépôts de suie a été élaboré. La forme et la texture de ces dépôts varie selon la nature des combustibles utilisés. Des enregistrements photométriques expérimentaux ont, par ailleurs, montré que les ambiances lumineuses diffèrent en fonction des combustibles utilisés. Le référentiel a donc non seulement permis d’identifier les combustibles des lampes minoennes (huiles végétales, graisses animales, cire d’abeille) mais aussi la couleur et l’intensité de leurs flammes, à partir desquels de premiers modèles en trois dimensions ont été réalisés.Une analyse spatiale des lampes dans leur contexte archéologique a, enfin, contribué à préciser le rôle de la lumière dans le rythme et la localisation des activités quotidiennes en s’appuyant, par moments, sur des analogies ethnographiques. C’est l’image d’une société préindustrielle qu’il faut avoir en tête : la journée de travail commence à l’aube et se termine au crépuscule. Son rythme et son intensité varient en fonction des saisons, de la météo et de l’altitude. Les lampes éclairaient, le soir venu, et parfois en journée, des activités collectives et individuelles, à l’extérieur ou à l’intérieur. Mais leurs flammes ne permettaient pas de voir à plus d’un mètre, ce qui suggère que l’on se déplaçait régulièrement dans le noir.; Minoan lamps remain the only artificial light sources that have not yet been studied as lighting devices but rather as chronological and regional markers. This research proposes a functional analysis of these objects, entailing from the wick to the light, and investigates, through this prism, the rhythm of activities and the Minoans’ lived space.To this end, an interdisciplinary approach was developed. A typo-techno-functional analysis has been applied to 543 lamps and objects that could have a link with lighting. This corpus comes from seven settlements in a chronological sequence covering the whole Bronze Age, thus permitting a diachronic analysis of lighting techniques within the sites.The function of lamps has been studied through an experimental approach. Based on the reconstruction of shapes, fuels and wicks available in the Minoans’ environment, it has shed light on technical aspects of their utilization (transport, burning length, smokes, smells, light).In this frame, a reference database of soot deposits has been designed. These deposits’ shape and texture vary according to the fuels used. Experimental photometric recordings have, besides, showcased that light ambiances differ according to the fuels. Consequently, the reference database not only helped identifying the fuels of minoan lamps (vegetal oils, animal fats, beeswax) but also their flames’ colour and intensity, based on which some first three-dimensions models have been built.A spatial analysis of lamps in their archaeological context, eventually, contributed to define the role of light on the rhythm and the localization of activities from the daily life, sometimes thanks to ethnographic analogies. This is the picture of a preindustrial society that one shall keep in mind: work starts at dawn and ends at dusk. Its rhythm and intensity vary according to seasons, weather and altitude. Lamps lighted, from the evening onwards, and sometimes during daytime, collective and individual activities, inside and outside. However, their flames didn’t permit to see beyond one meter far, suggesting that moving in the dark was common.

Cilj ovog rada je ispitati mogućnosti integracije punionica za elektriĉna vozila u već postojeći sustav javne rasvjete. Kroz rad su opisane osnovne karakteristike javne rasvjete, zakonodavstvo koje sadrţi propise za javnu rasvjetu i infrastruktura javne rasvjete. Nadalje je spomenuta vaţnost elektriĉnih vozila u promicanju ĉistih i energetski uĉinkovitih vozila u cestovnom prometu. Opisane su punionice za elektriĉna vozila te naĉini punjenja vozila. IzraĊena je analiza integracije punionica za EV u infrastrukturu javne rasvjete uz korištenje 3 razliĉite vrste ţarulja (ţivina, natrijeva i metal-halogena ţarulja). The aim of this paper is to examine the possibilities of integrating charging stations for electric vehicles into the already existing public lighting system. The paper describes the basic characteristics of public lighting, legislation containing regulations for public lighting and public lighting infrastructure. Further mentioned was the importance of electric vehicles in promoting clean and energy efficient vehicles in road transport. Charging stations for electric vehicles and methods of charging vehicles are described. An analysis of the integration of EV charging stations into the public lighting infrastructure was made using 3 different types of lamps (mercury, sodium and metal-halide lamps).

De nombreux vestiges d’artisanat ont été découverts à Lyon, mais seuls les artisanats du feu sont bien documentés, notamment l’artisanat céramique, avec une douzaine de sites d’ateliers ayant produit toutes les catégories de céramiques, de la sigillée aux amphores, et les ateliers de verriers des quais de Saône. Les autres artisanats ont livré peu de structures et sont surtout documentés par les inscriptions lapidaires et des objets erratiques : creusets et moules de bronziers, chutes de tabletterie, tuyaux de plomb marqués, outillage textile… Malgré une documentation abondante notre connaissance de l’artisanat reste donc déséquilibrée. Il faut aussi noter que ces vestiges d’artisanat sont surtout abondants pour le ier siècle ap. J.-C., alors que les données épigraphiques concernent plutôt les iie et iiie siècles. Many traces of handcrafts have been found in Lyon, but only workshops using forges or kilns are well documented, in particular the glass-working workshops on the banks of the Saône, and pottery workshops, of which a dozen or so sites are known that produced all sorts of ceramic goods, from sigillated pottery to amphoras. Other handcrafts have left few remains and are above all documented in lapidary inscriptions and occasional finds, such as crucibles and moulds used by bronze-workers, scraps from luxury goods, stamped lead pipes, textile production equipment, etc. Despite abundant documentation, our knowledge of handcrafts remains uneven. It should also be noted that evidence of handcrafts is profuse for the 1st century AD but that epigraphic data relate more to the 2nd and 3rd centuries. In Lyon zeugen zahlreiche Spuren von handwerklichen Aktivitäten, doch nur die Tätigkeiten, die mit Feuer arbeiten, sind gut dokumentiert. Insbesondere das Töpferhandwerk ist durch ein Dutzend Fundstätten belegt, an denen alle möglichen Keramikkategorien, von Sigallata bis zu Amphoren, produziert wurden. An den Ufern der Saône wurden zudem Glaswerkstätten entdeckt. Die anderen Handwerke haben nur wenige Strukturen geliefert, sie sind vor allem durch Inschriften auf Stein und durch Streufunde belegt : Gusstiegel und-Formen der Bronzegießer, Drechlsereiabfälle, Bleirohre mit Stempel, Werkzeuge des Textilhandwerks… Trotz einer Fülle von Informationen ist unsere Kenntnis von den handwerklichen Tätigkeiten also noch sehr ungleich verteilt. Es muss zudem bemerkt werden, dass diese Spuren handwerklicher Tätigkeiten insbesondere für das 1. Jh. n. Chr. vorliegen, während die Inschriften eher das 2. und 3. Jh. betreffen.

Наведено результати досліджень кутової рівномірності колірних параметрів світлодіодних ламп і світильників для загального освітлення. Показано, що застосування дифузних розсіювачів світла забезпечують кутову рівномірність у межах 3-ступеневих еліпсів Мак-Адама. Світильники без світлорозсіювачів та із розсіювачами, що спричиняють направлене розсіювання світла, можуть мати кутову нерівномірність колірності, що перевищує 7 і більше ступенів еліпсів Мак-Адама. Використання дифузних світлорозсіювачів, крім підвищення рівномірності колірності, знижує корельовану колірну температуру (ССТ). Для ССТ, вищих за 6000 К, зниження може досягати 1000 К і більше. При низьких ССТ зміни не такі суттєві – не більше 200 К. Зроблено висновки та пропозиції щодо інформування споживачів про колірність світла світлодіодних ламп і світильників, що використовуються для внутрішнього освітлення., The results of research of the angular uniformity of color parameters of LED lamps and luminaries for ambient light are presented. It is shown that the use of completely diffusing diffusers provides angular uniformity within three step Mac-Adam ellipses. Lamps both with or without diffusers that enable directional light scattering can have a rather large angular unevenness. Based on the study of commercial samples, it was found that the angular color unevenness Δu’, v’ for LED lamps and luminaries with diffusely transmitting diffusers does not exceed 0.0031 at the uniform–chromaticity–scale diagram CIE (u’, v’) (located within 3 step MacAdam ellipses). Lamps with prismatic diffusers and transparent protective plastic have an angular unevenness of almost 0.01 (out of 7 step MacAdam ellipses). The use of diffuse light diffusers, in addition to increasing the uniformity of color, reduces the correlated color temperature (CCT). For CCTs exceeding 6000 K, the decrease can reach 1000 K or more. At low CCTs changes are not so significant – no more than 200 K. When changing the viewing angle, the overall color rendering index Ra for lamps and luminaries with completely diffusing diffusers practically does not change. For lamps without light diffusers, as well as for lamps with prismatic diffusers and lens optics, the difference may reach 7 units or more of the standard deviation of the comparison color. In order to inform consumers about the unevenness of color parameters at different viewing angles, it is proposed to indicate the angular uniformity in addition to average color values in the catalogues. This shall only apply to LED lamps and luminaries used for indoor lighting and those that have angular unevenness that exceed the 3 step MacAdam ellipses., Представлены результаты исследований угловой равномерности цветовых параметров светодиодных ламп и светильников для общего освещения. Показано, что применение диффузных рассеивателей света обеспечивают угловую равномерность в диапазоне 3-шаговых эллипсов Мак-Адама. Светильники без светорассеивателей и с рассеивателями, которые создают направленное рассеивание света, могут иметь угловую неравномерность цветностей, превышающих 7 и более шагов эллипсов Мак-Адама. Сделаны выводы и предложения по информированию потребителей о цветности света светодиодных ламп и светильников, которые используются для внутреннего освещения.

Road is a vital public facility that connects one region to another region. Hence, the existence of public street lighting is a key to supports people’s activities at night. But not all roads are equipped with public street lighting. For example, the village roads in Sukarame Village, Sajira sub-district, Lebak regency, Banten. This village is fully electrified but the supply for public street lighting is still limited. Therefore, it is neccesary to install public street lighting in the form of solar lamps as an effective alternative for street lighting and public facilities. Solar lamp is chosen because it doesn’t need power supply and the village’s geographical is very potential for utilizing solar lamps. Solar lamps installed in 3 strategic points, which are village road in front of local kindergarten, village road in front of public field, and mosque’s terrace. Besides solar lamp installation, this research also focused in economic analysis of this program. The analysis was done by comparing total cost needed for conventional public street lighting using bulbs that connect to grid with total cost needed for public street lighting using solar lamps. Despite solar lamp’s price is more expensive, for the long-term usage, public street lighting using solar lamps is more economically profitable compared to conventional public street lighting with the cost difference of Rp 636,582.80 per lamppost for 3 years usage period.

This paper aims to study some unpublished lanterns, preserved in the Islamic Art Museum in Cairo through analytical, historical and artistic study. In general, the lanterns are oil lamps and usually with a large round bulbous body, reaching to a narrower center, where above it is the flaming top section. These lanterns can be placed on a surface, however they were commonly suspended by chains and in these chains there were some loops on the outer surface of the body of lanterns that were used to light mosques or any other architectural buildings during Islamic times and in order to light large areas in groups of lanterns, hanging from a metal frame that had the form of a circle, these circular frames continued to be used in many mosques till nowadays. In researching for the collections and antiques, preserved in the Islamic Art Museum in Cairo, it is observed, that there are some unpublished lanterns, have not been discussed and have not been concentrated and strongly investigated by researchers. This study seeks to discuss these unpublished lanterns that include a significant layout of artistic styles, this is besides the historical and archaeological value of these lanterns. The methodology of this study will be addressed through descriptive, historical, artistic and analytical study; this will be revealed through discussion, investigation, analysis that can be detected through detailed interrogation of the objects, elements and structure of the content of this study.

Das Wissen über Lichtverschmutzung und deren Folgen ist in der Gesellschaft noch recht gering. Ein Großteil der Bevölkerung weiß nichts oder nicht viel über die weitreichenden Folgen dieses globalen Phänomens. Diese Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob die stetige Zunahme der Lichtverschmutzung immer eine Folgeerscheinung der Beleuchtung von Gebäuden oder Freiflächen ist. Zu Beginn werden der Begriff der Lichtverschmutzung und die damit verbundenen Begrifflichkeiten erklärt, sowie die daraus folgenden Auswirkungen für Menschen, Natur und Astronomie analysiert. Um zu verstehen, durch welche planerischen und technischen Maßnahmen Lichtverschmutzung vermieden und reduziert werden kann, werden lichttechnische Grundbegriffe erklärt. Das gewonnene Wissen wird bei konkreten Beispielen zur richtigen Beleuchtung, welche keine Lichtverschmutzung erzeugen, angewandt. Aufbauend auf diesem Wissen wurden Messungen in der Stadt Wien durchgeführt und drei Gebäude analysiert. Neben den konkreten Beispielen zur optimalen Beleuchtung von Freiräumen und Objekten wird anhand von Lichtmasterplänen erklärt, wie Lichtverschmutzung großflächig verhindert werden kann. Abschließend folgt ein Blick in die Zukunft, welche Schlussfolgerungen aus der Arbeit gezogen werden konnten und wie sich das Thema Lichtverschmutzung in Zukunft entwickeln wird. Society at large still knows very little about light pollution and its consequences. Most people are unaware of the far-reaching consequences of this global phenomenon. This bachelor thesis deals with the question of whether the steady increase in light pollution is always a consequence of the lighting of buildings or open spaces. At the beginning of this bachelor thesis the term light pollution and related terms are explained. The resulting effects on humans, nature and astronomy are analysed. Basic lighting terms are explained to enable the reader to understand planning and technical arrangements that can prevent light pollution. This knowledge is applied to specific examples of correct lighting that do not produce light pollution. Building on this knowledge, measurements take place and three buildings in the city of Vienna are analysed. Further to examples for the correct lighting of open spaces and objects, light master plans are explained and how light pollution could be prevented with this planning tool over a large area. Finally a conclusion is drawn on how light pollution will develop in the future.

Parion Roma Hamamı'nda 2008-2019 yılları arasında bilimsel kazı çalışmalarında gün yüzüne çıkarılan, MS 2. yüzyılın sonundan MS 6. yüzyıla kadar geniş bir zaman dilimi içerisinde yayılım gösteren, çeşitli ve özgün formlarıyla dikkat çeken Roma ve Geç Roma Dönemi kandilleri çalışma konumuzu oluşturmaktadır.İlk olarak kandillerin tüm özellikleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Ardından çalışmamızın ana konusu oluşturan toplam 103 kandil ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu kandillerin kulp, burun, omuz ve gövde formlarının yansıttığı spesifik özelliklere göre 15 ayrı form altında değerlendirilmeleri uygun görülmüş ve sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışma sırasında tipoloji kısmında terminoloji ve kronolojiye bağlı kalınmıştır. Aynı jenerasyon örneklerin fiziki özellikleri dikkate alınarak ve analojilerinden faydalanılarak özgün sonuçlar elde edilmek istenmiştir.Parion Roma Hamamı'nda bulunan kandillerin sunduğu veriler ışığında örneklerin ticari ilişkiler sonucunda kente geldiği doğrulanmıştır. Ticari ilişkilerin hangi kentler arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üstelik kandillerin bir kısmının bölgesel bir üretim olabileceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Söz konusu kandillerin kentte çok sayıda bulunmuş olması ve eş örneklerin diğer kentlerde sayıca az görülmesi bu görüşümüzü destekler niteliktedir. Bunun yanında bozuk formlu örnekler ile karşılaşılması oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Kalitesiz ürünün ticaretinin yapılamayacağı düşünüldüğünde bu örneklerin yerel bir üretim olabileceği yorumu rahatlıkla yapılabilmiştir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Parion, Hamam, Kandil. The Roman and Late Roman Period oil lamps unearthed in the Roman Bath of Parion during the scientific excavations between the years 2008-2019, spreading over a wide period of time from the end of the 2nd century AD to the 6th century AD, drawing attention with various and unique forms constitute the subject of our study.First, information was given about all the characteristics of oil lamps. Afterward, a total of 103 oil lamps, which constitute the main subject of our thesis, were examined. The evaluation of these oil lamps under 15 different form according to the specific characteristics reflected by the handle, nozzle, shoulder, and body forms was deemed appropriate, and they were classified. During the study, terminology and chronology were adhered to in the typology section. The aim of the study was to obtain original results by taking into consideration the physical characteristics and analogies of the same generation samples.In the light of the data provided by the oil lamps found in the Roman Bath of Parion, it was confirmed that the samples came to the city as a result of commercial relations. It was determined between which cities commercial relations took place. Moreover, it was emphasized that some of the oil lamps might be a local production. The fact that these oil lamps have been found in large numbers in the city and the fact that analogs are rare in other cities support this opinion. In addition, it is very important that a malformed sample was encountered. Considering that the poor-quality product could not be traded, it was easily interpreted that these samples might be a local production.Keywords: Parion, Roman Bath, Oil Lamp. 320

The aim of this thesis is to create a light object. We can imagine basically anything under the term light object, but we are mainly focused on the clock. The clock consists of 12 wooden blocks in which LED strips with 60 LEDs are built. Each wooden block with a strip represents one hour and every LED alone represents one minute. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The task of the theoretical part is to analyze all theoretical knowledge. It contains the main chapters which include standards, history, psychology, light perception, particular luminaires, their origin, sources, design, usage, LED, clock, time and ergonomics and their subchapters. The following practical part deals with a specific product, its inspiration, designs and research, shape and material, construction, price range and last but no least the final design and its visualizations. The practical part also consists of attachments that contain drawings and visualizations created in 2D and 3D programs.

The scope of this paper is to identify the benefits of lamp recycling from the domestic sector. Data related to the recycled lamps was obtained from two recycling companies and were compared to those related to the waste lamps from the domestic sector. This was achieved by a new methodology which uses two alternative approaches. The first one is dependent on previous research data in relation to the number of active lamps while the second one elaborates on electricity consumption and sales data, in order to define the corresponding number of active lamps., The wasted amount of glass, metal and plastic is calculated along with the energy savings, the annual emissions of CO2-eq, the economic benefit from their sale and the potential reduction of hazardous waste, such as mercury to solid waste landfills under various scenarios. The amount of recovered materials collected by the Hellenic recycling companies contributes to a reduction of CO2-eq by 1298 tonnes, which falls significantly short of the CO2-eq that could have been saved 3108–5463tonnes if all the lamps were recycled. Furthermore, the recycling companies have an annual economic benefit of €32,251 which could be increased by €122,725 if all lamps were recycled together with the proper recycling of 3.4 kg of mercury, which was disposed in the environment. Finally, a future scenario was examined, in which all lamps in the domestic sector were assumed to be LEDs, an issue that can affect the viability of the recycling factories and it was proved that these might be affected.

Cada cop més, els sistemes d’il·luminació infrarroja (IR) estan prenent un paper més important en la indústria de la videovigilància, passant d’un 34% el nombre de càmeres amb il·luminadors integrats al 2014, a un 78% al 2019. Tot i això, aquests sistemes d’il·luminació tenen un inconvenient molt significatiu, i és que són molt simples, manquen d’intel·ligència. Això es refereix a que no són capaços d’adaptar-se a les diferents necessitats d’il·luminació de pugui tenir l’escena. A més a més, solen estar mal optimitzats per a la càmara específica a la que van integrats, de manera que si l’aprofitament de llum fos major, es podria obtindre millors resultats amb la mateixa potència. És per aquesta raó que naix la necessitat de dissenyar un sistema capaç de controlar la il·luminació de les diferents zones de a escena de manera independent i que sigui el més òptim possible per tal d’aprofitar fins a l’últim mW de llum emesa amb l’objectiu de permetre que la càmera obtingui una imatge de la millor qualitat possible en aquelles circumstàncies en les que la il·luminació ambiental de la escena no sigui suficient per al seu correcte funcionamient. Cada vez más, los sistemas de iluminación infrarroja (IR) están jugando un papel más importante en la industria de la videovigilancia, pasando de un 34% el número de cámaras con iluminadores integrados en 2014, a un 78% en 2019. A pesar de esto, estos sistemas de iluminación tienen un inconveniente muy significativo, y es que son muy simples, carecen de inteligencia. Lo que esto se refiere es que no son capaces de adaptarse a las diferentes necesidades de iluminación que tenga la escena. Además, suelen estar mal optimizados para la cámara especifica en la que van integrados, de modo que si el aprovechamiento de la luz fuera mayor, se podría llegar a mejores resultados con la misma potencia. Es por esta razón que nace la necesidad de diseñar un sistema capaz de controlar la iluminación de las distintas zonas de la escena de forma independiente y que sea lo más óptimo posible con tal de aprovechar hasta el último mW de luz emitida para permitir que la cámara obtenga una imagen de la mejor calidad posible en aquellas circunstancias en las que la iluminación externa de la escena no sea la suficiente para su correcto funcionamiento. Increasingly, infrared (IR) lighting systems are playing a major role in the video surveillance industry, with the number of cameras with integrated illuminators increasing from 34% in 2014 to 78% in 2019. Despite this, these lighting systems have a significant drawback, which is that they are very simple, lacking intelligence. What this means is that they are not able to adapt to the different lighting needs of the scene. In addition, they are often poorly optimized for the specific camera in which they are integrated, so that if the profit of the light was higher, better results could be achieved with the same amount of power. For this reason, it is necessary to design a system capable of controlling the lighting of the different areas of the scene independently and so that it is as optimal as possible in order to take advantage of every last mW of light emitted to allow the camera to obtain an image of the best possible quality in those circumstances where the ambient lighting of the scene is not sufficient enough for its proper functioning. Outgoing

At the core of this article stands the issue of identifying mortuary/funerary rituals and ideology from material remains. Case studies discuss biblical rituals and their possible / assumed relations to material remains from Iron II tombs in ancient Judah and Israel, such as lamps and headrests.

This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Mycoplasma genitalium lipoproteins on the tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. We separated the M. genitalium lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) from M. genitalium and used them to treat HeLa cells. Apoptosis was induced by TNF-α treatment. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokine contents were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 protease activity were also measured. There was no significant difference in the viable cell percentage in HeLa cells treated with M. genitalium LAMPs at 0–20 μg/mL. However, when treated with 40 μg/mL LAMPs, cytocidal activity was observed during the first 24 h. M. genitalium LAMPs induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HeLa cells. When apoptosis was induced by TNF-α in HeLa cells, M. genitalium LAMPs significantly reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells. In addition, M. genitalium LAMPs significantly reduced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 protease activity in TNF-α-treated HeLa cells. However, the blocking of NF-κB significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 protease activity in TNF-α-induced HeLa cells treated with M. genitalium LAMPs. The obtained results suggest that M. genitalium LAMPs could inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, which would contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of M. genitalium.

The importance of the Arles harbor's garbage which "sealed" the Arles-Rhône 3 shipwreck, shortly depicted hereafter, is so huge in archaeological materials, quantitatively and qualitatively, that it will give birth in the next decade to more than twenty monographs devoted each one to a specific type of artefact. This lamp-focused article aims to propose, in "avant-première" and in "globish" (the recently accepted expression designating for non-native very poor English), is to highlight only one of the many important results of the final study of the more than 816 intact lamps and +5'000 fragments discovered during the underwater excavations of the Arles-Rhône 3 shipwreck, to be published next year. As a matter of fact, never, in lychnological history, a single small excavation delivered so many motifs from so many different manufactures and adorning productions framed in only 60 years of history (70 to 130 AD), and the different social, economic, productive and merely lychnological topics to be covered in the monograph abound. Here, we would like t propose a discussion on the micro- and macro-regional trade roads and their influences on lamp iconography. As a matter of fact, the corpus is made of artifacts brought to Arles from the most remote parts of the Mediterranean as well as from the nearest Gallic workshops, exactly during the apex of creativity of the Roman workshops in terms of quantity and variety of discus themes. This flourishing lamp decoration vogue started with Tiberius' reign and will slowly end with Trajan's one, our garbage is hence covering the second half of this momentum. Arles, a major multimodal platform as we would say today, transferring goods from the sea to the river Rhône as well as to the consular road network and vice-versa, is certainly one the most perfect observation points possible towards the whole Western Roman Empire. There, we can guess some partial answers on important questions such as: which motifs remained at the level of individual imports? Which ones seduced the local manufactures? Which ones were also produced by the flourishing manufactures of one or both ends of the Western Empire (the Rhine Valley and Africa)? Which ones belong to Gallic lamp-makers' own creativity? The short comparison tables will indicate that there are a lot of hypothesis to study further in this domain. Further, an in-depth immersion on each motif will be proposed through an "illustrated dictionary" of the 290 more relevant motifs with the most relevant lists of parallels and the intact/context-dated lamps found in Gaul, eliminating all additional French-known fragments which did not bring anything relevant to the article.

The Lower Danube Museum of Călărași houses over 1400 Roman lamps, most of them discovered by the author of this paper during field research and preventive or systematic excavations made within the territory of the civil settlement of Durostorum (Ostrov-No. 4 Farm). Among these, 13 pieces fall within the proposed theme. Even though most of them were not found in a stratigraphic context, the already known chronological boundaries of the civil settlements determines the dating of the presented pieces within the 2nd-3rd centuries AD.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais O manjericão, pertencente à família Lamiaceae, faz parte de um grupo de plantas medicinais e aromáticas de grande valor econômico, em virtude da qualidade do óleo essencial que produz. A utilização de técnicas de micropropagação em plantas aromáticas e medicinais proporciona produção em larga escala. Pela importância medicinal e econômica do manjericão, objetivou-se avaliar neste trabalho, o cultivo in vitro de Ocimum basilicum L. cv Maria Bonita por meio de diferentes fontes de luminosidade, reguladores de crescimento e concentrações de meio de cultura. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-MG. Primeiramente, desenvolveu-se uma escala para avaliar o grau de hiperidricidade de plântulas de manjericão cultivadas in vitro. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados cinco reguladores de crescimento, 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (KIN), esperimidina, espermina e putrescina, e duas fontes de luminosidade (lâmpadas fluorescentes brancas e lâmpadas Growlux). Por intermédio dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que a lâmpada Growlux mostrou-se mais promissora para o cultivo in vitro de manjericão. Em relação ao regulador de crescimento, a cinetina e a putrescina mostraram-se mais eficientes para o cultivo da espécie. No segundo experimento, foram avaliadas concentrações do meio MS (25, 50, 75 e 100%) e diferentes cores de lâmpadas LED (vermelho, verde e azul) além de lâmpadas brancas fluorescentes. Por meio das respostas obtidas, concluiu-se que o meio MS 100% induziu a uma maior quantidade de plântulas hiperídricas e as lâmpadas fluorescentes brancas propiciaram um melhor desenvolvimento das plântulas de manjericão. As conclusões obtidas se basearam na avaliação do comprimento da parte aérea (CPA), comprimento da raiz (CR), número de raízes (NR), massa fresca (MF), massa seca (MS), teor de água (TA), percentagem de hiperidricidade (%H), grau de hiperidricidade (GH) e índices de clorofila total (CT). Basil, which belongs to the Family Lamiaceae, is part of a group of medicinal and aromatic plants of great economic value, due to the quality of the essential oil it produces. The use of micropropagation techniques in aromatic and medicinal plants enables their large scale production. Due to of the medicinal and economic importance of basil, the objective of the present study was to analyzed vitro culture of Ocimum basilicum L. cv Maria Bonita using different sources of luminosity,growth regulators and culture medium concentrations. The experiments were carried out at the Biotechnology laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlandia-MG. First, a scale was developed to evaluate the degree of hyperhydricity of basil seedlings cultured in vitro.During the first experiment, five growth regulators such as 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), spermidine, spermine, putrescine and two sources of luminosity (white fluorescent lamps and Growlux lamps) were evaluated. The results obtained showed the Growlux lamps to be more promising for in vitro culture of basil. Regarding growth regulators, kinetin and putrescine proved to be more efficient for species multiplication. During the second experiment, MS medium concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) and different LED lamp colors (red, green and blue) were assessed, as well as white fluorescent lamps. By means of the obtained results, it was concluded that the MS medium at 100% induced a greater quantity of hyperhydric seedlings, and the white fluorescent lamps, together with lower concentrations of salts, provided optimal development of basil seedlings.The conclusions collected in the present study were based on the evaluation of aerial portion length (CPA -> APL), root length (CR -> RL), number of roots (NR), fresh mass (MF -> FM), dry mass (MS -> DM), water content (TA -> WC), percentage of hyperhydricity (%H), degree of hyperhydricity (GH -> DH) and total chlorophyll indices (CT -> TCI). Dissertação (Mestrado)

A Circular Economy (CE) can help to achieve the sustainable development goal of responsible consumption and production. Product policies, in turn, can support CE objectives by promoting reuse of products, recycling of materials, and providing ecodesign incentives for more durable products. This thesis examined the role of product policies in meeting CE objectives in the EU, with specific focus on lighting products in the context of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and Ecodesign Directives. The research findings contributed to current policy questions, including how well WEEE systems have performed in closing material loops; the potential for closing loops for critical materials; and what trade-offs can occur in promoting longer lifetimes for rapidly developing products.A theory-based evaluation was used to assess the performance of extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies for lighting products in the Nordic countries. While the WEEE systems were generally performing well, there were issues identified, including the downcycling and loss of many recycled materials and lack of ecodesign incentives. The research also found that the requirements of the WEEE Directive were a key enabler for closing loops for rare earth elements (REE) from lighting products, but that the recycling efforts in the EU face challenges with economic feasibility and complex transactions in the value chain. The lifetimes of LED lighting products were examined from a consumer perspective through a life cycle cost analysis and an environmental perspective with life cycle assessment. From a consumer perspective, lifetimes much longer than the mandatory Ecodesign minimums were found to be optimal for LED products on the Swedish market. From an environmental perspective, longer lifetimes for LED lighting products can result in trade-offs between energy/climate impacts and resource depletion/toxicity impacts. However, in the context of a less carbon-intensive electricity mix, these trade-offs are minimised. The same is true if the product’s energy efficiency improvements slow or mature.The research suggested that more specific product and material targets in the WEEE Directive could be appropriate. While the findings indicated that more stringent mandatory lifetime requirements in the Ecodesign Directive may not be appropriate for products with rapid technological developments, dynamic trade-offs should be explicitly recognised in policy mixes and accounted for in policy planning.

Nowadays, how to deal with the water pollution has become a worldwide problem. More and more people are focusing on how to disinfect and reuse water resources. In daily life, people often use chlorine gas to disinfect, but chlorine gas disinfection has low efficiency and it will take a long time to be effective. It is also easy to form secondary pollution. Therefore, ultraviolet disinfection technology is more and more popular. At present, ultraviolet disinfection technology generally adopts fixed output frequency and voltage, and the effect is not good. This is because VBNC is a common state of water organisms, in which water organisms are in a special state of dormancy. When the external environment is restored properly, they can still recover their activity. Here, a programmable power supply based on DSP is designed to solve this problem. If the ultraviolet lamp is powered by this power supply, the output voltage and frequency can be variable. The system greatly improves the sterilisation efficiency, and the effective sterilisation can reach 99.99%.