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Dysplasia of the hip and elbow joints is primarily a hereditary disease, but the ex-tent of the finding is also influenced by the external environment. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of dysplasia of the hip and elbow joints, applied preventive measures and used medication, using a questionnaire sur-vey among breeders of Belgian Malinois. A total of 103 dogs were evaluated, of which 80% were from the working line, 12% from the exterior line and 8% from a combination of both lines. The disease of dysplasia was detected in five individuals, of which 60% were males, mainly in adults, or senior age. As a preventive measure, owners use a balanced diet and adequate exercise for puppies. Currently, the owners use joint nutrition and perform physiotherapy as prevention. A combination of phy-siotherapy and joint nutrition is used for treatment. Four dogs with dysplasia were from the working line, one dog from the combined line. Although no individual with dysplasia from the exterior line was detected, due to the small number of included individuals, the influence of the line cannot be reli-ably assessed.

Das zugrundeliegende Paradox formuliert sich wie folgt: Die Linie wird als Grenze formuliert, die sich selbst übersteigt. Die Dissertation hat zum Ziel, diese Idee in ihrer Progression und Entwicklung nachzuvollziehen. Die Linie wird als ein Formideal analysiert, dessen Ausgang sich in der modernen Kunst finden lässt und von dort aus zu einem philosophischen Prinzip entwickelt. Ausgehend von den Werken Paul Klees und Henri Michaux' (Kernzeitraum: 1920–1950) zeichnet dieses Forschungsprojekt die Linie als ein Modell des Widerstands gegenüber totalitärer Denkweise nach.

The bachelor thesis deals with the detection of the borders of North and South Europe by using mental maps. The whole elaboration was created with the participation of nine European countries, which represent Central, Western and Eastern Europe. Altogether, the research involves more than 300 respondents who visit European universities in selected countries. Various display variants, such as line or polygon, were later used to work with mental maps. The work also deals with the centre of Europe and the dominant elements of creating mental maps. The data were processed via ArcGis Pro. The work aims to analyze the results, compare the individual lines and create the borders of North and South Europe. Finally, it responds to the results that are delived from the practical part of the work.

The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of line, especially in figurative art, as a concept and gradually focuses mainly on its subdivision within fine art and its specific use in the work of selected artists, especially from the 19th century to the present. Within the framework of the division of types of line, it explores these different perspectives, which it shows through representative examples. It also describes a new way of dividing the line according to the object depicted. Selected authors are briefly described, and the principles of their different and often innovative approaches to the use of line are further explored. As part of the practical part, I describe my own way of working with line using selected artworks. I also explain here the principles and connections of my work to the geometric tendency more generally. These works are here divided into thematic series, which are justified in terms of motivation, sources of inspiration, etc. The didactic part then builds on the previous chapters and presents two themes for the application of line in art education with a total of four art tasks. Some of the art tasks were developed by the pupil in the home environment. KEYWORDS Line, drawing, painting, geometrization, figurative art

The aim of our experiment was to evaluate to what degree carcass value and quality of lamb meat are effected by selected breeds (Zwartbles, Suffolk, Romney Marsh) and lines (Zbyšek, Ztepl, Záblesk, Ewebank Armani, President, Romeo, Avatar). Suffolk breed rams were found to have (p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.05) the lowest weight at slaughter (37.47 +- 4.10 kg) and also carcass weight (15.23 +- 1.78 kg). Romney Marsh's carcasses had a significantly higher degree of fat cover (3.6 +- 0.4), kidney fat ratio was 0.78 +- 0.17 % and the percentage of fat from the right leg was 2.50 +- 0.61 %. The conclusively (p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01) highest ratio of the right leg was recorded in the Suffolk breed (17.00 +- 0.79 %). The highest ratio of the leg of carcass among the lines was found in the President line (17.53 +- 0.66 %). Meat of the Suffolk line had the significantly (p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01) highest ratio of dry matter, intramuscular fat, protein and ash. Among the lines, this trend was similar in favor of the Suffolk's line. The Zwartbles breed had the lowest (p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01) ratio of fat and dry matter in the meat. The value of pH, lightness (L* = 51.55 +- 1.66) and color spectrum b* (13.12 +- 0.46) of meat was conclusively (p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01) the highest in the Zwartbles breed, while the redness indicator (7.56 +- 1.45) was conclusively the lowest for this breed. Statistically (p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01), the meat of the Suffolk breed had the most potent red color (a* = 11.87 +- 1.24) and the highest water-holding capacity (81.57 +- 1.87). info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

The idea of the speech, goes round the importance of byzantine art inside Transylvanian orthodox culture, in the 17th century. The Göreme monastic Complex of Caesarea of Cappadocia has a considerable list of churches with relevant importance in Byzantine iconography. The popular character of this type of art developed on the walls of these architectural jewels manifests itself in the left-handed, but expressive and with such great spontaneity drawing: also, with predilection for narration that lends many elements from the illustration of the Apocryphes, which were born from people’s inclination to very detailed stories. This byzantine style we have had for centuries and which is tight to our Christian roots, was cultivated in Wallachia and Moldova and Transylvania in the 14th and 15th centuries and the post-byzantine style in Wallachia in the 15th and 16th centuries. There are similarities between churches raised in the 17th century in Transylvania and the ones from Caesarea of Cappadocia. We refer mainly to the iconographic painting of the Hunedorian churches. Lucrarea face referire la importanţa artei bizantine în cultura ortodoxă a secolului XVII în Transilvania. Complexul monahal de la Goreme deţine o listă considerabilă de biserici de o mare relevanţă pentru iconografia bizantină. Stilul popular, naiv dar deosebit de expresiv, spontaneitatea liniei şi aplecarea spre narațiune, s au născut din dorința oamenilor de a spune povestea cât mai în detaliu. Stilul bizantin e strâns legat de rădăcinile noastre creştine şi a apărut în Ţara Românească şi Moldova în secolele 14 şi 15 iar stilul post-bizantin în Țara Românească în sec 15 si 16. Sunt similitudini între bisericile de sec 17 în Transilvania şi cele din Caesarea Cappadociei. Ne referim în principal la pictura din bisericile hunedorene.

Rhythm in drawing is a theme of this bachelor thesis. In my paper I pursue with a drawing like a means of fine art statement of particular emotions, gesture, opinion and rhythm either and its connection with drawing. I concretely profess to action art and performance art. The paper is made from three parts. In a theoretical part I refer on history of drawing, various techniques and modifications of drawing and I also refer on rhythm and its influences on a human. I describe artists from the second half of 20. century who use rhythm in their art work and I also introduce artists who inspired me with their own creation to my own artwork. In a practical part I show an origin, goings and results of my own artwork, which is connected with rhythm and drawing, with photo-documentation, video-documentation, back reflection and self-reflection. In the last part I present my art line of tasks for pedagogical use of action drawing in conjunction with rhythm within the framework of school lessons, which is partly inspired by my own artwork, that can be found in my practical part, and partly by everydayness. I also present an artefiletic work and its goings and results.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of mating on the farm using controlled herd reproduction. The evaluation of the level of pregnancy was carried out in dependence on the individual month of observation, the monitored parameters of milk from the performance control of individual lactations and the lines of fathers of cows. Performance data for January 2017 - April 2018 were used for the assessment. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the seasonal percentage is affected by the season. It has been shown that the percentage of pregnancy has decreased in the summer month. The significant decrease in the rate of mating was occurred with the increasing age of cows. The percentage of lactation, regardless of the order of lactation and the line of bulls, is negatively influenced by the milk yield and by the positive effect of the number of lactation days when embedded. To confirm the negative effect of milking yield on the breeding, the NEB breeders showed the highest milk yield and the lowest percentage of pregnancy. Significant fluctuation were occurred in value when evaluating individual indicator depending on the reference month. In the middle of the reporting period, the amount of urea in the milk had a positive effect on pregnancy. A similar result was obtained for the T / B ratio.

It is well known that the standard F test is severely affected by heteroskedasticity in unbalanced analysis of covariance models. Currently available potential remedies for such a scenario are based on heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimation (HCCME). However, the HCCME approach tends to be liberal in small samples. Therefore, in the present paper, we propose a combination of HCCME and a wild bootstrap technique, with the aim of improving the small-sample performance. We precisely state a set of assumptions for the general analysis of covariance model and discuss their practical interpretation in detail, since this issue may have been somewhat neglected in applied research so far. We prove that these assumptions are sufficient to ensure the asymptotic validity of the combined HCCME-wild bootstrap analysis of covariance. The results of our simulation study indicate that our proposed test remedies the problems of the analysis of covariance F test and its heteroskedasticity-consistent alternatives in small to moderate sample size scenarios. Our test only requires very mild conditions, thus being applicable in a broad range of real-life settings, as illustrated by the detailed discussion of a dataset from preclinical research on spinal cord injury. Our proposed method is ready-to-use and allows for valid hypothesis testing in frequently encountered settings (e.g., comparing group means while adjusting for baseline measurements in a randomized controlled clinical trial)., publishedVersion

The aim of the thesis was to capture trends in population of Prestice Black Pied breed. In the literature section there was described formation and regeneration of breed characteristics and typical features of Prestice Black Pied breed, breed performance, the structure of the breeding base and the expected utilization and marketing. In own work there were described changes in the breeding base, which were in western Bohemia and moved to other places in the country. The largest companies that breed Prestice Black Pied breed are the ZD Mladotice and Žihelský statek SpA, located in the Plzeň region and Zemet Ltd. Tečovice, based in Zlin region and Chovservis Inc. Radostov breeding, based in Hradec Kralove region. In 2013 it was bred 348 sows, in 2014 404 sows, 2015 sows and 413 in 2016, 369 sows. Furthermore, the age structure was evaluated in basic herd of sows. The farmers had the most sows in the first and second litter, compared to that of the fifth litter sows had a few breeders. The requirement for longevity therefore not been complied with. The results of performance tests were evaluated reproductive performance of sows of basic herd in collections (the number of all born piglets, the number of live born piglets, the number of surviving piglets and milkiness). The average value of a breeding population did not meet the target. Some companies, however, had excellent results, especially ZD Mladotice and Zemet Ltd. Tečovice. In field tests were evaluated gain, the percentage of lean meat and backfat thickness. Breeding goal was achieved with values backfat thickness and percentage of lean meat. Gilts had lower gain than required by breeding goal. The gain for young boars has been in 2013 and 2016 higher than the required target and breeding in 2014 and 2015 below the required target. There were also evaluated linear track sires in breeding. It was found that, of the 10 extant lines has long represented the biggest line Wiskont and least represented of the Sudet line. The entire work was focused on monitoring results of individual breeders and their comparison with the breeding goal for Prestice Black Pied breed. Furthermore, the evaluation of the quality of semen of boars Prestice Black Pied breed, operating in the artificial insemination center in Kout Na Šumavě. All boars met the minimum parameters.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze linear composition population of silesian noric breed, characteristic of SN lines in terms of exterior and performance, database processing and statistical evaluation of individual lines SN by scoring exterior, perfor-mance and monitored effects withers height tape, withers height stick, chest circumfe-rence, circuit shin. We developer the database based on manual entry of the point data evaluation and observed effects. We used method GLM in softawre program Unistat 6.5. Multiple comparisons, we have found that the effect of the reference point evaluati-on for exterior and performance stallions are on average better assessment than mares and the differencies between the lines was proved. The differencies between lines and also sex were proved also at withers height stick and withers height tape. Stallions reach bigger hight. Further was proved that mares have bigger chest circumference, then stalli-ons and at circuit shin the stallions have bigger value compare to the mares.

The main objective of the thesis was to evaluate the reproductive utility and the achieved parameters of its own utility of the nucleus herd reared on the farm in Mladotice. The detected results have been compared with the average of the Prestice black-pied breed population. The attention has been paid to the lines of the boar representation. The number of all born piglets, the alive born ones and the weaned ones has been regarded during reproductive qualities assessment. The average daily growth, the muscle proportion and the back fat height have been evaluated while assessing the own utility. The origin of the Prestice black-pied breed with the following regeneration process with the assistance of Mirgorod, Liven, Cornwall, Berkshire, Wessex and German saddleback breeds, which contributed to the resistance of the Prestice black-pied breed, has been described in the literature review. The improvement process followed after the regeneration, especially by using Pietrain, Hampshire and Landrase breeds. The characteristics of the Prestice breed with reference to its tilted ear and typical black-pied coloring without body parts defining have been elaborated. Furthermore, the utility, the population development in the last five years and the preservation of the breed as a genetic resource have been described there. In the thesis the own utility of the Prestice black-pied breed of the nucleus herd reared on the Mladotice farm has been evaluated that does not reach breeding goal. The Akoga line is the best line considering its own utility. The reproductive utility has been evaluated as excellent. The Wiskont line has the best results. Statistically significant differences have been found among the lines considering both its own utility and reproduction.

Nowadays breeding has become the problem often solved in European states and it has been paid much attention by breeding organizations. In terms of hippology as well as some urgent requirements from the side of nonius breeders we have focussed on this particular breed especially from the reason of its further survival and development in Slovakia. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the growth indicators as well as the achievement level of the stallions since 1927 to the present. Based on our research of the nonius body lines we can state that at present there are 3 stallions that are followers of the N VIII horse line founder. In general, there are 12 stallions that are active within this breed in Slovakia. It was statistically confirmed that this particular breed grew much stronger through the goal-directed breeding work, improved nutrition as well as the immediate breeding site. It was quite complicated to evaluate the performance tests because the individual indicators were significantly influenced by the subjective views of the commitee members performing the evaluation. The next factor which prevents the objective evaluation is the fact that in the period up to 1979, the performance tests were valued by the 100 point system and from the year 1980 by the 10 point system. That is why we take the performance test results into account only as supplemental ones, which can provide a kind of amendment to the observed biological parameters.

"Reload ��berwindung der gedanklichen Grenzen" "Deutsch" "Es gibt Orte auf der Weit, in denen es zur Teilung der Bewohner als" "Resultat einer Krisensituation oder Politik kommt. Im Laufe der Zeit wird" "die Teilung zur Gewohnheit der Menschen und neue gedankliche Grenzen entstehen." "Die Idee der Diplomarbeit besteht darin, durch die Recherche ��ber bestehende Grenzsituationen einen Entwurf zu kommunizieren, der Grenz��berwindung erzeugt." "Die Recherche ist im speziellen auf gedanklich manifestierte Grenzen konzentriert. Es stellen sich die Fragen was gedankliche Grenze aufgrund verschiedener Aspekte sind, wie ��berwindet man sie und welche Rolle dabei die Architektur spielt." "Als Schlussfolgerung dieser Recherche folgt ein Entwurfsvorschlag an Hand eines Beispiels f��r die Stadt Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje." "Ausgangspunkt f��r den Entwurf ist eine Geschichte ��ber eine Stra��e in" "Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje." "Gornji Vakuf- Uskoplje ist eine kleine Stadt in Zentralbosnien in der es eine" "Stra��e gibt, welche die Bewohner ""Die Linie"" nennen." "ln den letzten 15 Jahren wirkt diese Stra��e als eine Trennlinie und teilt die Stadt in zwei Teile. Die Einwohner aus verschiedenen Stadtteilen begegnen sich kaum. Ihre t��glichen Wege f��hren bis zu der Linie, dann kehren sie wieder um. Die Linie wird nicht ��berschritten." "Um ""die Linie"" zu ��berwinden ist viel gesprochen und diskutiert worden. Trotz aller Versuche ""die Linie"" verschwinden lassen, bleibt sie weiterhin als eine gedankliche Grenze. Man sieht sie nicht, man merkt nicht, dass sie da ist, aber jeder kennt sie, alle aus dem Ort und der Umgebung." "Eine sehr erkennbare Auswirkung entfaltet die Linie auf die" "Stadtentwicklung. Sie ist wie eine Achse, an denen sich die Stadt parallel, wie zwei gespiegelte St��dte, entwickelt." "Da die gedankliche Grenze eine wichtige Rolle in so geteilten St��dten hat, liegt der Schwerpunkt der Diplomarbeit an der Untersuchung verschiedener Planungsans��tzen in geteilten St��dten. Dabei wird eine Analyse des" "Stadtzentrums von Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje und der aktuellen Situation bzgl." "der ""Linie"" gemacht. ln der Analyse werden die Ursachen und" "Auswirkungen der mangelnden Beziehungen zweier Stadtteile er��rtert.", "Reload Overcoming the imaginary border" "English" "There are many places in the world where the division of" "inhabitants is a result of a crisis situation er policy. Over time, the inhabitants get used to those divisions and between them emerg new imaginary borders." "The idea of the master dissertation is based on research on existing border situation to make a concept that will create the boundary overcome." "The research is focused on imaginary manifested borders. The questions" "arise: what are imaginary borders due to various aspects, how to overcome them and which role has the architecture." "The conclusion of this research is a conceptual proposal of the example of" "the town Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje. The starting point for the concept is a story about one street in Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje." "Gornji Vakuf- Uskoplje is a small town in central Bosnia. There is one street which the inhabitants call ""The line"". For decades, this street was the center of the city, a place of encounter, a meeting point. Since last 15 years, this street has become a dividing line and divides the town into two" "parts. The inhabitants of those two parts of town hardly meet each other." "Their daily paths Iead up to ""The line"" and then they just turn back." "ln purpese to overcome 'the line"", it has been discussed and debated a Iot. Despile all attempts to make ""the line"" disappear, it is still there and it has become an imaginary border. You can not see it, you can not notice it, but everyone knows it is here, everyone from the town and surrounding area." "A very visible effect has the line of the urban development. lt is like an axis" "on which both sides, like in a mirror. Towns have been developed as if they" "were different towns." "Since the imaginary boundary has an important role in divided cities, the" "main focus of the thesis is the reasearch of different planning approaches in divided cities. ln the course of this is also is a detailed analysis of the towncenter of Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje and the current Situation areund ""The line"". Through the analysiswill be discussed causes and consequences of relations of those two cityparts. This will be the basis for a concept to reunite the parts of town Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje."

Extended Abstract in English Given the increasingly complex nature of conflicts, a corresponding increase of new methods can be observed in Peace and Conflict Studies. At this juncture, metatheories aimed at integrating this labyrinth of diverse methods is becoming necessary. This paper will draft a conceptual proposal, discussing two well-known holistic approaches of mediative conflict management in an integrative context: – The Conflict Management Approach by Prof. Dr. Friedrich Glasl (2004). – The Conflict Transformation Approach (The Transcend Method) by Prof. Dr. Johan Galtung (2000). The theoretical assumptions of this paper are based on the integral approach by Ken Wilber (2001) – a highly discussed “Theory of Everything“ that has thus far remained widely ignored in Peace and Conflict Studies, yet. Therefore, it is also of interest to scrutinise the integral approach with regard to its contribution for an integrated Peace and Conflict Studies. The analysis was conducted as follows: 1. Introduction of two holistic Peace and Conflict Studies approaches: a. The Conflict Management Approach by Glasl implies a number of categories and entry points (Ansatzmomente) resulting in a complex intervention spectrum. In this regard, the consideration of escalation levels is highly important, integrating perception-oriented (low escalation), emotion-oriented (medium escalation) and behaviour-oriented (high escalation) measures. The spectrum may be combined with other categories such as conflict type (hot or cold) or criteria of conflict analysis (issues, conflict trends etc.). b. The Conflict Transformation Approach by Galtung is characterised by a three-fold schematic, enabling a complex understanding of violence (direct, cultural, structural), conflict (behaviour, assumptions, contradictions) and peace (non-violence, empathy, creativity). Moreover, Galtung’s model implies three conflict phases (before, during, after violence) as well as five styles of conflict management. c. The integral approach can be understood as a “Theory of Everything“ presupposing that no perspective can be 100% wrong (but “partially true”). Its methodology is based on “map making” by categorizing established paradigms, methods and theories in a holistic metacontext. By means of five categories – quadrants, levels, lines, types, states (altogether AQAL: All Quadrants All Lines) – the integral approach claims to consider as many aspects of reality as possible in a holistic concept. 2. Outline of an integration model: a. Possibility of an epistemological integration of the introduced methods: The five AQAL-dimensions enable the epistemological foci of the approaches by Galtung and Glasl to be revealed. A point in which both approaches may complement each other becomes apparent by combining a vertical spectrum of escalation levels (Glasl) and a horizontal axis of different fields of violence (Galtung). It might be of further research interest to analyse the potential extent of a correlation to evolution oriented level schemes (Wilber), e.g., referring to development psychology or evolution theory. Are there different development levels (Wilber) of direct, cultural and structural violence (Galtung)? Is there a correlation between levels of development (Wilber) and regression (Glasl)? This paper concludes for both cases a cautious “yes.” In doing so, the consideration of the other AQAL-dimensions (types, lines, states) provides further information. b. Proposal for an integral heuristic: The consideration of vertical (levels) and horizontal (quadrants, types, lines) AQAL-categories is also useful to integrate heuristics. However, the integral approach itself does not represent a method of heuristic and practical effect, though it is useful to adapt the AQAL-categories and to consider new tools that are highly relevant for the Peace and Conflict Studies. The heuristic integral concept is based on the vertical conflict scheme by Galtung (three conflict phases) and Glasl (escalation model) and additionally considers horizontal analysis categories (e.g., types: conflict type; quadrants: fields of violence) on each level. A complex integral Peace and Conflict Studies heuristic is the result, under the consideration of an adapted AQAL-model. 3. Conclusion and critique: The analysis shows that the primary use of the integral approach for Peace and Conflict Studies lies in its ability to integrate the epistemological benchmarks of different approaches. Thereby, the integral concept provides information about some points in which the epistemes and heuristics of Glasl and Galtung may complement each other which could enrich the construction of a metatheory in the Peace and Conflict Studies (especially with regard to the combination of Glasl’s escalation model and Galtung’s three-folded schematics). However, it should be noted that the examples of Glasl’s and Galtung’s meta-approaches provide other important integration and categorisation concepts which are not be covered by the integral approach (at least in its present form). Thus, the AQAL itself may be inappropriate to integrate methods in the context of their orientation (e.g., process, client, solution oriented) or regarding the modus operandi (e.g., (a) conflict analysis, (b) intervention planning, (c) action). The AQAL is not only lacking meta-categories which are adapted to the particular heuristic requirements of Peace and Conflict Studies, also the contextualisation of its dimensions – e.g., the evolutionary scope of the level dimension – may not always be adequate and useful. Generally, it can be concluded that metatheory building requires to consider different – in some respects contradicting – possibilities of formulating meta-categories. With regard to Peace and Conflict Studies, there remain a lot of research questions to be opened, since different meta-contexts may follow differing “main interests.” Preliminarily, it can be concluded that a really integrated Peace and Conflict Researcher should be familiar with epistemological and heuristic contexts, but also metatheoretical and theoretical contexts as well. Abstract – Deutsch Angesichts immer komplexerer Konflikte in der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (Friedens- und Konfliktforschung) sind Metatheorien von Nöten, die diese unübersichtliche Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Methoden zu integrieren vermögen. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Papers soll hierzu ein konzeptioneller Vorschlag skizziert werden, indem zwei holistische und bekannte Ansätze der mediativen Konfliktbearbeitung in einem integrativen Kontext diskutiert werden: – Der Konfliktmanagement-Ansatz nach Prof. Dr. Friedrich Glasl (2004). – Die Transcend-Methode nach Prof. Dr. Johan Galtung (2000). Den theoretischen Rahmen, auf den sich die Überlegungen dieser Arbeit stützen, liefert der Integrale Ansatz (IA) von Ken Wilber (2001) – eine viel diskutierte philosophische „Theorie von Allem“, die im Rahmen der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung jedoch noch weitgehend unberücksichtigt geblieben ist. Daher ist es im Rahmen der Arbeit von weiterem Interesse den IA auf seinen Mehrwert für eine integrierte Friedens- und Konfliktforschung zu untersuchen. Die Untersuchung verlief wie folgt: 1. Vorstellung der in der Untersuchung berücksichtigten Ansätze: a. Der Konfliktmanagement-Ansatz von Glasl unterscheidet eine Vielzahl von Kategorien und Ansatzmomenten, die ein komplexes Interventionsspektrum ergeben. Sehr wichtig ist hierbei unter anderem die Berücksichtigung von Eskalationsstufen, die eine Unterscheidung zwischen perzeptions- (niedrige Eskalation), gefühls- (mittlere Eskalation) und verhaltensorientierten (hohe Eskalation) Maßnahmen ermöglichen. b. Die Konflikttransformation nach Galtung zeichnet sich unter anderem durch dreigeteilte Schematisierungen aus, die ein komplexes Verständnis von Gewalt (direkt, kulturell, strukturell), Konflikt (Verhalten, Annahmen, Widerspruch) und Frieden (Gewaltlosigkeit, Empathie, Kreativität) ermöglichen. Darüber hinaus unterscheidet Galtung unter anderem auch drei Phasen des Konflikts (vor, während, nach der Gewalt). c. Der IA versteht sich als eine Methode des metatheoretischen „Map makings“. Mittels fünf Kategorien – Quadranten, Ebenen, Linien, Typen, Zustände (zusammen AQAL) – folgt der IA dem Anspruch, so vielen Aspekten der Realität wie möglich in einem Gesamtkonzept Rechnung zu tragen. 2. Skizze eines Integrationsmodells: a. Möglichkeit zur epistemologischen Integration der vorgestellten Konfliktbearbeitungsansätze: Mittels der fünf Dimensionen des AQAL lassen sich die epistemologischen Schwerpunkte der Ansätze von Glasl und Galtung darstellen. Ein gegenseitiger Ergänzungspunkt bietet sich vor allem bei der kombinierten Berücksichtigung eines vertikalen Spektrums von Eskalationsstufen (Glasl) und eines horizontalen Rasters von mehreren Gewaltbereichen (Galtung). b. Vorschlag für ein heuristisches Gesamtkonzept: Der IA stellt keine heuristisch-praktische Methode dar, daher ist es in diesem Fall sinnvoll, die AQAL-Kategorien anzupassen und sogar neue Kategorien, die für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung besonders relevant sind, zu berücksichtigen. Das heuristische Gesamtkonzept nimmt das vertikale Konfliktschema von Galtung (drei Phasen des Konflikts) und Glasl (Eskalationsmodell) zum Ausgangspunkt und berücksichtigt zusätzlich auf jeder Ebene horizontale Untersuchungskriterien (z.B. Quadranten: Gewaltart etc.) 3. Fazit und Kritik: Die Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit verdeutlichen, dass der Mehrwert des IA für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung vor allem darin liegt, die epistemologischen Bezugspunkte unterschiedlicher Ansätze zu integrieren. Am Beispiel der Ansätze von Glasl und Galtung zeigt sich aber auf, dass ein heuristisches Metamodell zusätzliche Metakategorien erfordert, die von der Schematisierung des IA nicht erfasst werden. Es lässt sich daher schließen, dass sich die Metatheoriebildung für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, vielfältigen Herausforderungen und weiterführenden Forschungsfragen gegenübersieht, zumal sich unterschiedliche Metakontexte unterscheiden lassen, mit differierenden Geltungsansprüchen und „Integrationslogiken“. Ein wirklich integrierter Friedens- und Konfliktforscher sollte sich im Idealfall sowohl im Bereich der epistemologischen und im heuristischen, im metatheoretischen und im theoretischen Kontext sicher bewegen können.

Extended Abstract in English Given the increasingly complex nature of conflicts, a corresponding increase of new methods can be observed in Peace and Conflict Studies. At this juncture, metatheories aimed at integrating this labyrinth of diverse methods is becoming necessary. This paper will draft a conceptual proposal, discussing two well-known holistic approaches of mediative conflict management in an integrative context:- The Conflict Management Approach by Prof. Dr. Friedrich Glasl (2004).- The Conflict Transformation Approach (The Transcend Method) by Prof. Dr. Johan Galtung (2000). The theoretical assumptions of this paper are based on the integral approach by Ken Wilber (2001) – a highly discussed “Theory of Everything“ that has thus far remained widely ignored in Peace and Conflict Studies, yet. Therefore, it is also of interest to scrutinise the integral approach with regard to its contribution for an integrated Peace and Conflict Studies. The analysis was conducted as follows: 1. Introduction of two holistic Peace and Conflict Studies approaches: a. The Conflict Management Approach by Glasl implies a number of categories and entry points (Ansatzmomente) resulting in a complex intervention spectrum. In this regard, the consideration of escalation levels is highly important, integrating perception-oriented (low escalation), emotion-oriented (medium escalation) and behaviour-oriented (high escalation) measures. The spectrum may be combined with other categories such as conflict type (hot or cold) or criteria of conflict analysis (issues, conflict trends etc.). b. The Conflict Transformation Approach by Galtung is characterised by a three-fold schematic, enabling a complex understanding of violence (direct, cultural, structural), conflict (behaviour, assumptions, contradictions) and peace (non-violence, empathy, creativity). Moreover, Galtung’s model implies three conflict phases (before, during, after violence) as well as five styles of conflict management. c. The integral approach can be understood as a “Theory of Everything“ presupposing that no perspective can be 100% wrong (but “partially true”). Its methodology is based on “map making” by categorizing established paradigms, methods and theories in a holistic metacontext. By means of five categories – quadrants, levels, lines, types, states (altogether AQAL: All Quadrants All Lines) – the integral approach claims to consider as many aspects of reality as possible in a holistic concept. 2. Outline of an integration model: a. Possibility of an epistemological integration of the introduced methods:The five AQAL-dimensions enable the epistemological foci of the approaches by Galtung and Glasl to be revealed. A point in which both approaches may complement each other becomes apparent by combining a vertical spectrum of escalation levels (Glasl) and a horizontal axis of different fields of violence (Galtung). It might be of further research interest to analyse the potential extent of a correlation to evolution oriented level schemes (Wilber), e.g., referring to development psychology or evolution theory. Are there different development levels (Wilber) of direct, cultural and structural violence (Galtung)? Is there a correlation between levels of development (Wilber) and regression (Glasl)? This paper concludes for both cases a cautious “yes.” In doing so, the consideration of the other AQAL-dimensions (types, lines, states) provides further information. b. Proposal for an integral heuristic:The consideration of vertical (levels) and horizontal (quadrants, types, lines) AQAL-categories is also useful to integrate heuristics. However, the integral approach itself does not represent a method of heuristic and practical effect, though it is useful to adapt the AQAL-categories and to consider new tools that are highly relevant for the Peace and Conflict Studies. The heuristic integral concept is based on the vertical conflict scheme by Galtung (three conflict phases) and Glasl (escalation model) and additionally considers horizontal analysis categories (e.g., types: conflict type; quadrants: fields of violence) on each level. A complex integral Peace and Conflict Studies heuristic is the result, under the consideration of an adapted AQAL-model.3. Conclusion and critique: The analysis shows that the primary use of the integral approach for Peace and Conflict Studies lies in its ability to integrate the epistemological benchmarks of different approaches. Thereby, the integral concept provides information about some points in which the epistemes and heuristics of Glasl and Galtung may complement each other which could enrich the construction of a metatheory in the Peace and Conflict Studies (especially with regard to the combination of Glasl’s escalation model and Galtung’s three-folded schematics). However, it should be noted that the examples of Glasl’s and Galtung’s meta-approaches provide other important integration and categorisation concepts which are not be covered by the integral approach (at least in its present form). Thus, the AQAL itself may be inappropriate to integrate methods in the context of their orientation (e.g., process, client, solution oriented) or regarding the modus operandi (e.g., (a) conflict analysis, (b) intervention planning, (c) action). The AQAL is not only lacking meta-categories which are adapted to the particular heuristic requirements of Peace and Conflict Studies, also the contextualisation of its dimensions – e.g., the evolutionary scope of the level dimension – may not always be adequate and useful. Generally, it can be concluded that metatheory building requires to consider different – in some respects contradicting – possibilities of formulating meta-categories. With regard to Peace and Conflict Studies, there remain a lot of research questions to be opened, since different meta-contexts may follow differing “main interests.” Preliminarily, it can be concluded that a really integrated Peace and Conflict Researcher should be familiar with epistemological and heuristic contexts, but also metatheoretical and theoretical contexts as well. Abstract - Deutsch Angesichts immer komplexerer Konflikte in der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (Friedens- und Konfliktforschung) sind Metatheorien von Nöten, die diese unübersichtliche Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Methoden zu integrieren vermögen. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Papers soll hierzu ein konzeptioneller Vorschlag skizziert werden, indem zwei holistische und bekannte Ansätze der mediativen Konfliktbearbeitung in einem integrativen Kontext diskutiert werden:- Der Konfliktmanagement-Ansatz nach Prof. Dr. Friedrich Glasl (2004).- Die Transcend-Methode nach Prof. Dr. Johan Galtung (2000). Den theoretischen Rahmen, auf den sich die Überlegungen dieser Arbeit stützen, liefert der Integrale Ansatz (IA) von Ken Wilber (2001) – eine viel diskutierte philosophische „Theorie von Allem“, die im Rahmen der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung jedoch noch weitgehend unberücksichtigt geblieben ist. Daher ist es im Rahmen der Arbeit von weiterem Interesse den IA auf seinen Mehrwert für eine integrierte Friedens- und Konfliktforschung zu untersuchen.Die Untersuchung verlief wie folgt: 1. Vorstellung der in der Untersuchung berücksichtigten Ansätze: a. Der Konfliktmanagement-Ansatz von Glasl unterscheidet eine Vielzahl von Kategorien und Ansatzmomenten, die ein komplexes Interventionsspektrum ergeben. Sehr wichtig ist hierbei unter anderem die Berücksichtigung von Eskalationsstufen, die eine Unterscheidung zwischen perzeptions- (niedrige Eskalation), gefühls- (mittlere Eskalation) und verhaltensorientierten (hohe Eskalation) Maßnahmen ermöglichen. b. Die Konflikttransformation nach Galtung zeichnet sich unter anderem durch dreigeteilte Schematisierungen aus, die ein komplexes Verständnis von Gewalt (direkt, kulturell, strukturell), Konflikt (Verhalten, Annahmen, Widerspruch) und Frieden (Gewaltlosigkeit, Empathie, Kreativität) ermöglichen. Darüber hinaus unterscheidet Galtung unter anderem auch drei Phasen des Konflikts (vor, während, nach der Gewalt). c. Der IA versteht sich als eine Methode des metatheoretischen „Map makings“. Mittels fünf Kategorien – Quadranten, Ebenen, Linien, Typen, Zustände (zusammen AQAL) – folgt der IA dem Anspruch, so vielen Aspekten der Realität wie möglich in einem Gesamtkonzept Rechnung zu tragen. 2. Skizze eines Integrationsmodells: a. Möglichkeit zur epistemologischen Integration der vorgestellten Konfliktbearbeitungsansätze:Mittels der fünf Dimensionen des AQAL lassen sich die epistemologischen Schwerpunkte der Ansätze von Glasl und Galtung darstellen. Ein gegenseitiger Ergänzungspunkt bietet sich vor allem bei der kombinierten Berücksichtigung eines vertikalen Spektrums von Eskalationsstufen (Glasl) und eines horizontalen Rasters von mehreren Gewaltbereichen (Galtung). b. Vorschlag für ein heuristisches Gesamtkonzept:Der IA stellt keine heuristisch-praktische Methode dar, daher ist es in diesem Fall sinnvoll, die AQAL-Kategorien anzupassen und sogar neue Kategorien, die für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung besonders relevant sind, zu berücksichtigen. Das heuristische Gesamtkonzept nimmt das vertikale Konfliktschema von Galtung (drei Phasen des Konflikts) und Glasl (Eskalationsmodell) zum Ausgangspunkt und berücksichtigt zusätzlich auf jeder Ebene horizontale Untersuchungskriterien (z.B. Quadranten: Gewaltart etc.)3. Fazit und Kritik: Die Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit verdeutlichen, dass der Mehrwert des IA für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung vor allem darin liegt, die epistemologischen Bezugspunkte unterschiedlicher Ansätze zu integrieren. Am Beispiel der Ansätze von Glasl und Galtung zeigt sich aber auf, dass ein heuristisches Metamodell zusätzliche Metakategorien erfordert, die von der Schematisierung des IA nicht erfasst werden. Es lässt sich daher schließen, dass sich die Metatheoriebildung für die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, vielfältigen Herausforderungen und weiterführenden Forschungsfragen gegenübersieht, zumal sich unterschiedliche Metakontexte unterscheiden lassen, mit differierenden Geltungsansprüchen und „Integrationslogiken“. Ein wirklich integrierter Friedens- und Konfliktforscher sollte sich im Idealfall sowohl im Bereich der epistemologischen und im heuristischen, im metatheoretischen und im theoretischen Kontext sicher bewegen können.

Linhart, T: The borderline and the relationship to its surroundings. [Diploma thesis] Praha 2015 Charles University, Faculty of Education, Department of Art Education, 71 p. (Attachments on CD: 2 illustration attachments). The diploma thesis features a theoretical study on the background of the author's own artwork. The text interprets the borderline as a horizon that would emerge and vanish. It presents the author's own artistic grasp of the theme in context of selected trends in fine arts. Author seeks to define the boundary of fine arts and art education to establish a foundation to his own pedagogic determination. He shows what theoretical frameworks take part on shaping his own professional direction. The didactic part looks at select situations from the author's teaching practice that already took place and reflects them in context of author's other pedagogic experience. The accomplishment and utility of the work lie in a description and interpretation of select situations from practice of a fledgling teacher and an educational complex, field tested, intended for gymnasium students.

The aim of the study was to compare selected characteristics of fertility in different lines of fish Poecilia reticulata. Among the selected characteristics of female fertility were the length and number of births. The experimental work was conducted in the period from March 2013 to February 2014. Were observed in three lines. Fish tested were deployed in 15 pairs from each line into three tanks, which is then reproduced. Length of females was assessed at birth and number of births. The results of this work show that while the lines Magdalenas and Wingei-Endleri was the influence of the number of female births indicated as statistically significant, in line Inirida as statistically significant was not approved.

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Die Fragestellungen und Thesen der Dissertation "Die Raumplastiken von Norbert Kricke zwischen Immaterialität und Faktizität" basieren auf der Diskrepanz zwischen formalen Aspekten dieser Plastiken und den Werkbeschreibungen und - interpretationen der Forschungsliteratur sowie des Künstlers selbst. Von der Forschung werden die linearen, filigranen und auf ein materielles Minimum reduzierten Raumplastiken von der bisherigen Forschung als ungreifbare, immaterielle und schwerelose Phänomene beschrieben, die auf den unendlichen, unbestimmten Raum ausgerichtet seien. In der Dissertation wird anhand der materiellen Faktizität und der realräumlichen Gegebenheiten der Raumplastiken festgestellt, dass sie eine Verbindung zum realen dreidimensionalen Betrachterraum ausbilden, sich in der konkreten Umgebung verorten lassen und Bezüge zur modernen Gegenwart aufweisen.

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Trichomonads (Parabasalia) are anaerobic microeukaryotes classified in the supergroup Excavata. Inclusion of parabasalids within Excavata is exclusively based on the molecular- phylogenetic evidence. Over 400 species of parabasalids have been described so far, and the vast majority of them are endobiotic. In contrast, only few species of free-living parabasalids forming four independent lineages have been described (Pseudotrichomonas keilini, Ditrichomonas honigbergii, Monotrichomonas carabina, Honigbergiella sp., Tetratrichomonas undula, and Lacusteria cypriaca). Lacusteria cypriaca is a new species and genus described in our recent paper. In this paper we published the first two sequences of SSU rDNA from Pseudotrichomonas keilini as well. All of these lineages are likely secondarily free-living, and they developed from endobiotic ancestors. In addition to the already published Lacusteria cypriaca and Pseudotrichomonas keilini strains, we have recently obtained seven another isolates of free-living trichomonads (LAGOS2D, E2NT, CK, LAGOS2M, GR8, GOU23 LIVADIAN, and VAV1A1); from all of these isolates we sequenced SSU rDNA and performed phylogenetic analyses. These isolates split into four independent evolutionary lineages, which indicate that free-living parabasalids are more diversed and...

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Aby Warburg hatte die Pathosformeln eigentlich »erfunden«, um namentlich dem Rechnung zu tragen, was er bei Pollaiuolo als aus »dämonisch finsteren Zügen der Antike« erwachsenes »Pathos« erkannte. Wie wir wissen, wollte der deutsche Kunsthistoriker darin nicht nur ein aus spezifisch künstlerischer Tätigkeit oder bloßer Beschäftigung mit der Form entsprungenes, rein formales Element sehen. Vielmehr brachte er es in Zusammenhang mit einem bestimmten Lebensgefühl oder »Kontakt mit der Zeit«, des...

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