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Objective: There is evidence that reduced sleep duration increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, leading to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of sleep timing, irrespective of its duration and on the regulation of hunger and appetite, is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep loss during the late vs. early part of the night on the regulation of hunger, appetite, and desire for food. Methods: Fifteen normal-weight ([mean ± SEM] body-mass index: 23.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2) healthy men were studied in a randomized, balanced, crossover design, including two conditions of sleep loss, i.e., 4 h sleep during the first night-half (‘late-night sleep loss’), 4 h sleep during the second night-half (‘early-night sleep loss’), and a control condition with 8h sleep (‘regular sleep’), respectively. Feelings of hunger and appetite were assessed through visual analogue scales, and plasma ghrelin and leptin were measured from blood samples taken before, during, and after night-time sleep. Results: Ghrelin and feelings of hunger and appetite, as well as the desire for food, were increased after ‘late-night sleep loss’, but not ‘early-night sleep loss’, whereas leptin remained unaffected by the timing of sleep loss. Conclusions: Our data indicate that timing of sleep restriction modulates the effects of acute sleep loss on ghrelin and appetite regulation in healthy men. ‘Late-night sleep loss’ might be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thereby, our findings highlight the metabolic relevance of chronobiological sleep timing.

Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a multifaceted metabolic regulator considered to control sugar intake and to exert beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated serum FGF21 levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, suggesting a state of FGF21 resistance. Further, given the evidence of a hepatic ChREBP and FGF21 signaling axis, it can be assumed that SSBs containing fructose would possibly increase FGF21 concentrations. We investigated the effects of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on fasting FGF21 levels in healthy, lean men, discriminating the effects of glucose, fructose, and their disaccharide sucrose by secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Seven weeks of daily SSB consumption resulted in increased fasting FGF21 in healthy, lean men, irrespective of the sugar type. Medians of ΔFGF21 between post-SSB intervention values (week 7) and no-intervention period values (IQR) in pg/mL were: glucose 17.4 (0.4–45.8), fructose 22.9 (−8.6–35.1), and sucrose 13.7 (2.2–46.1). In contrast, this change in FGF21 concentration was only 6.3 (−20.1–26.9) pg/mL in the control group. The lack of a fructose-specific effect on FGF21 concentrations is contrary to our assumption. It is concluded that SSB intake may impact FGF21 concentrations and could contribute to the increased FGF21 concentrations observed in subjects suffering from metabolic syndrome that is possibly associated with decreased FGF21 responsiveness.

Objectives To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the reliability of assessment methods for male pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the reliability of manometry with an anal sensor (Peritron cat 9300A) to assess PFM function in healthy men. Methods Healthy male subjects (n = 21) without urinary leakage underwent testing to assess PFM function, and intra- and interrater reliability tests among examiners were performed. The PFM function included maximal anorectal squeeze pressure, endurance, mean anorectal squeeze pressure, gradient, and area under the curve during PFM voluntary contraction. Results Participants had a median age of 38 years (range 26-51), and a mean BMI of 23.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2 . Satisfactory intra- and interrater reliability scores were found for resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance. The intra-rater reliability of resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance were 0.71, 0.89, and 0.75 for examiner 1 and 0.72, 0.89, and 0.87 for examiner 2. The interrater reliability for resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance were 0.58, 0.93, and 0.61, respectively. Conclusions This is the first prospective study showing the favorable intra- and interrater reliability of manometry for PFM function in healthy men. Our findings demonstrated that manometry can provide both reliable and reproducible data regarding PFM function in continent men, suggesting Peritron cat 9300A can be used to evaluate the PFM function in men.

Background In order to classify and analyze the parameters of upper body posture, a baseline in the form of standard values is demanded. To this date, standard values have only been published for healthy men aged 18–35 and 41–50 years. Data for male adults aged between 31 and 40 years are lacking. Methods The postural parameters of 101 symptom-free male volunteers aged 31–40 (35.58 ± 2.88) years were studied. The mean height of the men was 179.89 ± 7.38 cm, with a mean body weight of 86.36 ± 11.58 kg and an average BMI of 26.70 ± 3.35 kg/m2. By means of video rasterstereography, a 3-dimensional scan of the upper back surface was measured in a habitual standing position. The means or medians, confidence interval, tolerance range, and group comparisons and correlations of BMI and physical activity were calculated for all parameters. Results The habitual standing position was found to be almost symmetrical and the axis aligned in the spine, pelvis, and shoulder region, while the spine position was marginally inclined ventrally. The kyphosis angle of the thoracic spine was greater than the lordosis angle of the lumbar spine. All deviations fell under the measurement error margin of 1 mm/1°. The greater the BMI, the greater was the pelvic and scapular distance. The lower the BMI, the further caudally positioned was the right shoulder. The pelvic and scapular distances were also lower with the increasing athleticism of the participants. Conclusion The upper body posture of men between the ages of 31 and 40 years was found to be almost symmetrical and axis-conforming, with the kyphosis angle, pelvic distance, and shoulder distance enlarging with increasing BMI. Consequently, postural parameters presented in this survey allow for comparisons with other studies, as well as the evaluation of clinical diagnostics and applications.

The identification of molecular biomarkers that can be used to quantitatively link dietary intake to phenotypic traits in humans is a key theme in modern nutritional research. Although dairy products (with and without fermentation) represent a major food group, the identification of markers of their intake lags behind that of other food groups. Here, we report the results from an analysis of the metabolites in postprandial serum and urine samples from a randomized crossover study with 14 healthy men who ingested acidified milk, yogurt, and a non-dairy meal. Our study confirms the potential of lactose and its metabolites as markers of lactose-containing dairy foods and the dependence of their combined profiles on the fermentation status of the consumed products. Furthermore, indole-3-lactic acid and 3-phenyllactic acid are two products of fermentation whose postprandial behaviour strongly discriminates yogurt from milk intake. Our study also provides evidence of the ability of milk fermentation to increase the acute delivery of free amino acids to humans. Notably, 3,5-dimethyloctan-2-one also proves to be a specific marker for milk and yogurt consumption, as well as for cheese consumption (previously published data). These molecules deserve future characterisation in human interventional and observational studies.

Purpose To report age-specific serum estradiol concentration in nonsmoking, lean US men without comorbidities. We provide concentrations from 30 and 15 to 20 years ago given previously described declines in serum estradiol in US men over time. Methods We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988 to 1991) and continuous NHANES (1999 to 2004). Serum estradiol and SHBG were previously measured by competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Free estradiol was estimated from estradiol, SHBG, and albumin. By age, we calculated median concentrations overall and for nonsmoking, lean (body mass index Results Overall, respective total estradiol medians for men ages 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and ≥60 years old were 37.0, 33.9, and 33.5 pg/mL in NHANES III and 31.3, 30.5, and 27.0 pg/mL in continuous NHANES. In nonsmoking, lean men without comorbidities, respective total estradiol medians were 32.0, 32.1, and 32.0 pg/mL in NHANES III and 29.1, 22.7, and 26.1 pg/mL in continuous NHANES. Overall, respective free estradiol medians were 0.82, 0.72, and 0.64 pg/mL in NHANES III and 0.67, 0.61, and 0.47 pg/mL in continuous NHANES. In nonsmoking, lean men without comorbidities, respective free estradiol medians were 0.64, 0.67, and 0.62 pg/mL in NHANES III and 0.58, 0.42, and 0.40 pg/mL continuous NHANES. Conclusion We report US nationally representative serum estradiol concentrations in healthy men, which could be used for targeting estradiol during testosterone supplementation and for general good health.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the most common polymorphisms in the IL-6 and HSP70 genes affect the circulating heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), as well as inflammatory and prooxidant-antioxidant parameters in healthy men undergoing chronic endurance training. The subjects were randomly assigned to a 12-week swimming training (ST group) or control group (CON). Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-study period to assessment: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, serum levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LHs), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and HSP70. Subjects were genotyped for IL-6-174G/C, HSPA1A + 190 G/C and HSPA1B + 1538 A/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by real-time PCR. After a 12-week study period, a decrease in TNFα, HSP70, and GPx was observed in the ST group, but not the CON group. IL-6 SNP affected serum TNFα levels (main effect of genotype). Higher TNFα levels (pre- and post-study period) was observed in CC CON than in other IL-6 genotypes of CON and ST groups. However, a post-training decrease in TNFα was observed in both GG and CC IL-6 genotypes of ST group. In turn, only GG IL-6 genotype of the ST group was related to a post-training decrease in HSP70 (main time and genotype interaction). Moreover, pre- and post-training LHs were lower in GG than GC/CC HSPA1A genotypes of the ST group (main genotype effect). In conclusion, polymorphisms within the IL-6 and HSPA1A genes seem to affect baseline levels of some inflammatory parameters and prooxidant-antioxidant status and/or their changes after chronic swimming training. However, the results should be confirmed in a study with a larger sample size, one that includes individuals with sedentary lifestyles.

Background and objectives: Hyzetimibe is a candidate drug being investigated as the second-in-class cholesterol absorption inhibitor; it lowers plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by blocking the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein, a transporter mainly expressed in the intestine that allows dietary cholesterol to enter the body from the intestinal lumen. Previous studies on the metabolism of hyzetimibe in healthy volunteers were not enough to show the biotransformation and excretion pathway; in particular, whether hyzetimibe maintains pharmacological action for duration sufficient to pass through the hepatic-intestinal circulation remains unknown. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the differences between the chemical structures of ezetimibe and hyzetimibe would result in different pharmacokinetic characteristics. Given that the molecular target is in the intestine and the substantial hepatic-intestinal circulation is a metabolic characteristic of the drug, a study of hyzetimibe as an oral 14C-radiolabeled drug, compared with routinely metabolized drugs, would play an important role in uncovering pharmacokinetic details.Methods: After an overnight fast and before taking medication, six healthy male volunteers swallowed an investigational product suspension containing 20 mg/∼100 μCi of 14C-labeled hyzetimibe as a single dose. Whole-blood, plasma, urine, and fecal samples were collected, and hyzetimibe and its metabolites were measured. Pharmacokinetic variables of hyzetimibe and its metabolites were calculated and statistically analyzed according to obtained concentration data. Safety data were collected throughout the study.Results: The major metabolite detected in plasma was hyzetimibe-glucuronide, which accounted for 97.2% of the total plasma radioactivity. The mean cumulative excretion of total radioactivity of the dose was 16.39% in urine and 76.90% in feces. Unchanged drug and hyzetimibe-glucuronide were identified as the major components in the feces and the urine, respectively. The main metabolic conversions of hyzetimibe were glucuronidation (M1), mono-oxidation (M4), and mono-oxidation with additional sulfonation (M7). Hyzetimibe was considered generally safe and well tolerated.Conclusion: This study of 14C-radiolabeled hyzetimibe provides a full profile of the biotransformation and excretion routes of hyzetimibe to improve the understanding of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of hyzetimibe. The changed hydroxyl group in the hyzetimibe structure made it easier for that drug, compared with ezetimibe, to combine with glucuronic acid and subsequently increased the urinary excretion of hyzetimibe vs. ezetimibe. These differences highlight the need to investigate in more detail the different pharmacokinetic impacts on the efficacy and safety of hyzetimibe and ezetimibe.

Exercise on a whole body vibration (WBV) platform, namely WBV exercise (WBVE), has long-term beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, similarly to conventional moderate-intensity exercise. Conventional moderate-intensity exercise reduces post-load plasma glucose levels at the acute phase. This study aimed to reveal acute effects of WBVE on post-load glucose metabolism. This randomized crossover trial enrolled 18 healthy men. They completed the following three interventions in a random order: (1) a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) without WBVE (OGTT-alone), (2) 20-minute WBVE before an OGTT (WBVE → OGTT), and (3) 20-minute WBVE during an OGTT (OGTT → WBVE). Post-load glucose metabolism in the WBVE → OGTT and OGTT → WBVE interventions were compared with that in the OGTT-alone intervention. Plasma glucose levels in the WBVE → OGTT and OGTT → WBVE interventions were not significantly different from those in the OGTT-alone intervention at any time point except 15 min, wherein the WBVE → OGTT intervention had higher glucose levels (111 [interquartile range, 102–122] mg/dL vs 122 [111–134] mg/dL, P = 0.026). Higher plasma glucagon levels were observed at 0 min in the WBVE → OGTT intervention and at 60 min in the OGTT → WBVE intervention (P = 0.010 and 0.015). Cortisol, Growth hormone, and adrenaline levels were significantly increased after WBVE, whereas noradrenaline levels were not. Serum insulin levels in the WBVE → OGTT intervention were significantly higher than those in the OGTT-alone intervention at 0 min (P = 0.008). WBVE did not decrease post-load plasma glucose levels at the acute phase. Acute effects of WBVE on post-load glucose metabolism would not be identical to those of conventional exercise. The unique trial number and the name of the registry: UMIN000036520, www.umin.ac.jp , date of registration, June 12, 2019.

This study was aimed at examining the impact of common types of physical efforts used to determine the aerobic and anaerobic performance of the participants on the complement system in their peripheral blood. Fifty-one physically active young males aged 16 years old (range 15&ndash, 21 years) were divided into two age groups (younger, 15&ndash, 17 years old and older, 18&ndash, 21 years old) and performed two types of intensive efforts: aerobic (endurance, 20-m shuttle run test, Beep) and anaerobic (speed, repeated speed ability test, RSA). Venous blood samples were collected before and after each exercise (5 and 60 min) to profile the complement system components, namely the levels of C2, C3, C3a, iC3b, and C4. The endurance effort caused a decrease in the post-test C3 (p &lt, 0.001 for both age groups) and increase in post-test C3a (p &lt, 0.001 and p &lt, 0.01 for the younger and older group, respectively), recovery iC3b (p &lt, 0.05 for younger and older group, respectively), recovery C2 (p &lt, 0.01 for both age groups), and post-test C4 (p &lt, 0.05 and p &lt, 0.01 for the younger and older group, respectively) levels, while the speed effort caused a decrease only in the post-test C2 (p &lt, 0.05 for younger participants) and post-test C4 levels (p &lt, 0.01 for the younger and older group, respectively) and an increase in the recovery C3a level (p &lt, 0.05). Our study provides evidence that different types of physical effort promote different immune responses in physically active young men. Aerobic exercise induced the activation of an alternative pathway of the complement system, whilst the anaerobic effort had little influence. A better understanding of the post-exercise immune response provides a framework to prescribe physical activity to achieve different health outcomes.

Objectives To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the reliability of assessment methods for male pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the reliability of manometry with an anal sensor (Peritron cat 9300A) to assess PFM function in healthy men. Methods Healthy male subjects (n = 21) without urinary leakage underwent testing to assess PFM function, and intra‐ and interrater reliability tests among examiners were performed. The PFM function included maximal anorectal squeeze pressure, endurance, mean anorectal squeeze pressure, gradient, and area under the curve during PFM voluntary contraction. Results Participants had a median age of 38 years (range 26‐51), and a mean BMI of 23.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2. Satisfactory intra‐ and interrater reliability scores were found for resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance. The intra‐rater reliability of resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance were 0.71, 0.89, and 0.75 for examiner 1 and 0.72, 0.89, and 0.87 for examiner 2. The interrater reliability for resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance were 0.58, 0.93, and 0.61, respectively. Conclusions This is the first prospective study showing the favorable intra‐ and interrater reliability of manometry for PFM function in healthy men. Our findings demonstrated that manometry can provide both reliable and reproducible data regarding PFM function in continent men, suggesting Peritron cat 9300A can be used to evaluate the PFM function in men.

Background Fermentation is a widely used method of natural food preservation that has consequences on the nutritional value of the transformed food. Fermented dairy products are increasingly investigated in view of their ability to exert health benefits beyond their nutritional qualities. Objective To explore the mechanisms underpinning the health benefits of fermented dairy intake, the present study followed the effects of milk fermentation, from changes in the product metabolome to consequences on the human serum metabolome after its ingestion. Methods A randomized crossover study design was conducted in 14 healthy men [mean age: 24.6 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m2): 21.8]. At the beginning of each test phase, serum samples were taken 6 h postprandially after the ingestion of 800 g of a nonfermented milk or a probiotic yogurt. During the 2-wk test phases, subjects consumed 400 g of the assigned test product daily (200 g, 2 times/d). Serum samples were taken from fasting participants at the end of each test phase. The serum metabolome was assessed through the use of LC-MS–based untargeted metabolomics. Results Postprandial serum metabolomes after milk or yogurt intake could be differentiated [orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) Q2 = 0.74]. Yogurt intake was characterized by higher concentrations of 7 free amino acids (including proline, P = 0.03), reduced concentrations of 5 bile acids (including glycocholic acid, P = 0.04), and modulation of 4 indole derivative compounds (including indole lactic acid, P = 0.01). Fasting serum samples after 2 wk of daily intake of milk or yogurt could also be differentiated based on their metabolic profiles (OPLS-DA Q2 = 0.56) and were discussed in light of the postprandial results. Conclusion Metabolic pathways related to amino acids, indole derivatives, and bile acids were modulated in healthy men by the intake of yogurt. Further investigation to explore novel health effects of fermented dairy products is warranted.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02230345.

Background Impaired glucose regulation, measured with an oral glucose-tolerance test, has been associated with the risk of cancer. Here, we explored whether the response to an intravenous glucose-tolerance test (IVGTT) is associated with the risk of cancer. Methods A cohort of 945 healthy men, aged 40–59 years in 1972–75, was followed for 40 years. An IVGTT was performed at baseline. Blood samples for glucose determinations were drawn immediately before glucose injection and thereafter every 10 min for 1 h. Associations were assessed with incidence rate ratios (IRR) and Cox models. Findings Cancer incidence was higher among men with 10-min glucose levels below the median than in men with levels above the median (IRR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9). This association remained significant after adjusting for relevant confounders (HR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–2.1) and when excluding the first 10 years of follow-up to minimize the possibility of reverse causality (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–2.0). Interpretation Healthy middle-aged males that responded to an intravenous glucose injection with rapid glucose elimination during the first phase had an elevated risk of cancer during 40 years of follow-up. First phase response to a glucose load might be related to cancer development., Highlights • Rapid elimination of plasma glucose during the first phase response was associated with a 60% elevated risk of cancer • Plasma glucose uptake during the first-phase may depend on the effectiveness of the molecular glucose-sensing apparatus • Polymorphisms critical for glucose transport into normal cells may also be crucial for transporting glucose into cancer cells In this study low levels of plasma glucose in the early phase of an intravenous glucose-tolerance test were associated with a 60% elevated risk of cancer. The glucose level in the early phase may depend on the effectiveness of the molecular glucose-sensing apparatus. The transport of glucose into cancer cells, that normally requires a constant supply of high glucose, may be rate limited by polymorphisms that are critical for plasma glucose-sensing in general. Previous research has shown that some key proteins, e.g. GLUT 1 and GLUT 2, are involved as glucose transporters into cancer cells.

The analysis of liver sonographic parameters of healthy men of the Podilski region of Ukraine who are of different somatotypes has revealed significant differences only in the thickness of the right lobe of the liver on inhalation, as well as in the width of the caudate lobe of the liver and the densitometry of the left lobe of the liver parenchyma on exhalation and during inhalation. No significant differences or trends between healthy men of different somatotypes were seen in the rest of the sonographic parameters of liver (oblique vertical size of the right lobe of the liver on exhalation and on inhalation, the thickness of the right lobe of the liver on exhalation, the cranio-caudal size of the left lobe of the liver on exhalation and inhalation, the thickness of the left lobe of the liver on exhalation and in inhalation, as well as the length of the caudate particle of the liver and densitometry of right lobe of liver parenchyma on exhalation and inhalation).

Background: The consumption of products rich in cereal fiber and with a low glycemic index is implicated in a lower risk of metabolic diseases. Previously, we showed that the consumption of fiber-rich pasta compared with bread resulted in a lower rate of appearance of exogenous glucose and a lower glucose clearance rate quantified with a dual-isotope technique, which was in accordance with a lower insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response.Objective: To gain more insight into the acute metabolic consequences of the consumption of products resulting in differential glucose kinetics, postprandial metabolic profiles were determined.Methods: In a crossover study, 9 healthy men (mean +/- SEM age: 21 +/- 0.5 y; mean SEM body mass index (kg/m(2)): 22 +/- 0.5] consumed wheat bread (132 g) and fresh pasta (119 g uncooked) enriched with wheat bran (10%) meals. A total of 134 different metabolites in postprandial plasma samples (at -5, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min) were quantified by using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach (secondary outcomes). Two-factor ANOVA and advanced multivariate statistical analysis (partial least squares) were applied to detect differences between both food products.Results: Forty-two different postprandial metabolite profiles were identified, primarily representing pathways related to protein and energy metabolism, which were on average 8% and 7% lower after the men consumed pasta rather than bread, whereas concentrations of arabinose and xylose were 58% and 53% higher, respectively. Arabinose and xylose are derived from arabinoxylans, which are important components of wheat bran. The higher bioavailability of arabinose and xylose after pasta intake coincided with a lower rate of appearance of glucose and amino acids. We speculate that this higher bioavailability is due to higher degradation of arabinoxylans by small intestinal microbiota, facilitated by the higher viscosity of arabinoxylans after pasta intake than after bread intake.Conclusion: This study suggests that wheat bran, depending on the method of processing, can increase the viscosity of the meal bolus in the small intestine and interfere with macronutrient absorption in healthy men, thereby influencing postprandial glucose and insulin responses. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN42106325.

This study assessed the bio-equivalence of high-quality, plant-based protein blends versus Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) in healthy, resistance-trained men. The primary endpoint was incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of blood essential Amino Acids (eAAs) 4 hours after consumption of each product. Maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of blood leucine were secondary outcomes. Subjects (n = 18) consumed three plant-based protein blends and WPI (control). An analysis of Variance model was used to assess for bio-equivalence of total sum of blood eAA concentrations. The total blood eAA iAUC ratios of the three blends were [90% CI]: #1: 0.66 [0.58&ndash, 0.76], 2: 0.71 [0.62&ndash, 0.82], 3: 0.60 [0.52&ndash, 0.69], not completely within the pre-defined equivalence range [0.80&ndash, 1.25], indicative of 30&ndash, 40% lower iAUC versus WPI. Leucine Cmax of the three blends was not equivalent to WPI, #1: 0.70 [0.67&ndash, 0.73], 2: 0.72 [0.68&ndash, 0.75], 3: 0.65 [0.62&ndash, 0.68], indicative of a 28&ndash, 35% lower response. Leucine Tmax for two blends were similar to WPI (#1: 0.94 [0.73&ndash, 1.18], 2: 1.56 [1.28&ndash, 1.92], 3: 1.19 [0.95&ndash, 1.48]). The plant-based protein blends were not bio-equivalent. However, blood leucine kinetic data across the blends approximately doubled from fasting concentrations, whereas blood Tmax data across two blends were similar to WPI. This suggests evidence of rapid hyperleucinemia, which correlates with a protein&rsquo, s anabolic potential.

Background: The consumption of products rich in cereal fiber and with a low glycemic index is implicated in a lower risk of metabolic diseases. Previously, we showed that the consumption of fiber-rich pasta compared with bread resulted in a lower rate of appearance of exogenous glucose and a lower glucose clearance rate quantified with a dual-isotope technique, which was in accordance with a lower insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response. Objective: To gain more insight into the acute metabolic consequences of the consumption of products resulting in differential glucose kinetics, postprandial metabolic profiles were determined. Methods: In a crossover study, 9 healthymen [mean6SEMage: 216 0.5 y;mean6 SEMbodymass index (kg/m2): 2260.5] consumed wheat bread (132 g) and fresh pasta (119 g uncooked) enriched with wheat bran (10%) meals. A total of 134 different metabolites in postprandial plasma samples (at 25, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min) were quantified by using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–basedmetabolomics approach (secondary outcomes). Two-factor ANOVA and advanced multivariate statistical analysis (partial least squares) were applied to detect differences between both food products. Results: Forty-two different postprandial metabolite profiles were identified, primarily representing pathways related to protein and energy metabolism, which were on average 8% and 7% lower after the men consumed pasta rather than bread, whereas concentrations of arabinose and xylose were 58% and 53% higher, respectively. Arabinose and xylose are derived from arabinoxylans, which are important components of wheat bran. The higher bioavailability of arabinose and xylose after pasta intake coincided with a lower rate of appearance of glucose and amino acids. We speculate that this higher bioavailability is due to higher degradation of arabinoxylans by small intestinal microbiota, facilitated by the higher viscosity of arabinoxylans after pasta intake than after bread intake. Conclusion: This study suggests that wheat bran, depending on the method of processing, can increase the viscosity of the meal bolus in the small intestine and interfere with macronutrient absorption in healthy men, thereby influencing postprandial glucose and insulin responses. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN42106325.

Purpose: The proper neuromuscular recruitment patterns of hip and knee muscles are essential for dynamic stabilization of the knee. According to the kinematic chain, weakness in the performance of one motor segment can affect other segments of motion. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the isometric strength of selected muscles of lower extremities in the hyperpronated foot with the same muscles in healthy male athletes. Materials and methods: The present study is descriptive and correlational. Forty male athletes in two groups of hyperpronated foot and healthy male athletes (20 in each group) participated in this study. Pronated foot was examined by navicular drop and isometric strength of selected muscles in lower extremities was examined by Manual Muscle Test system (MMT). Then, the ratio of isometric strength of each muscle to body weight was compared between two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 20 and the independent t test was used to compare the variables between the two groups. Results: The results showed that isometric strength of muscles, hip abductors (P = .002), external rotators of hip (P = .007), and quadriceps muscles (P = .031) have decreased significantly in the the group of hyperpronated foot. Conclusion: The hyperpronated foot changes the muscle strength of lower extremity. These changes may be due to neuromuscular compensation because of the changes in the medial longitudinal arch. More research is needed to determine whether these changes in muscle strength are related to lower extremity injury.

Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether functional sugars with low compared to high glycemic index (GI) have beneficial effects on arterial stiffness during a period of low-physical activity. In a controlled cross-over dietary intervention (55% CHO, 30% fat, 15% protein), 13 healthy men (age: 23.7 +/- 2.2 years, body mass index: 23.6 +/- 1.9 kg/m2) completed 2 x 1 week of low physical activity following 1 week of normal physical activity (2363 +/- 900 vs. 11,375 +/- 3124 steps/day). During inactive phases participants consumed either low-GI (isomaltulose) or high-GI SSB (maltodextrin-sucrose), providing 20% of energy requirements. Postprandial vasodilatation (augmentation index, AIx), insulin sensitivity (IS) and Glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were measured during a meal test before and after SSB-intervention. Compared to maltodextrin-sucrose-SSB, postprandial vasodilatation was prolonged (AIx after 120 min: 9.9% +/- 4.3% vs. 11.4% +/- 3.7%, p < 0.05) and GLP-1 secretion was higher with isomaltulose-SSB (total area under the GLP-1 curve (tAUC(GLP))-1: 8.0 +/- 4.4 vs. 5.4 +/- 3.4 pM +/- 3 h; p < 0.05). One week of low-physical activity led to impaired IS that was attenuated with low-GI SSB consumption, but did not affect arterial stiffness (p > 0.05). Higher postprandial GLP-1 secretion after intake of low compared to high-GI beverages may contribute to improved postprandial vasodilatation. Although one week of low-physical activity led to marked impairment in IS, it had no effect on arterial stiffness in healthy men.

While low vitamin D status has been shown to be associated with decreased quality of life in unhealthy populations and women, only limited data are available regarding healthy adult men. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between health-related quality of life (QoL) and vitamin D status in adult men. High-tech employees aged 25–65 year were recruited from an occupational periodic examination clinic at Rambam Health Campus. QoL was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health-related quality of life questionnaire (HRQOL-4). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured; further information was collected about physical activity, education, sun exposure, sick-days, and musculoskeletal pain severity (visual analog scale). Three hundred and fifty-eight men were enrolled in the study; mean serum 25(OH)D level was 22.1 ± 7.9 ng/mL (range 4.6–54.5 ng/mL). In a multivariate logistic regression model, 25(OH)D was a significant independent determinant of self-rated health; Odds Ratio (OR) for self-rated health was 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.97, p = 0.004), adjusted for age, BMI, pain severity, physical activity, and sun exposure. Every 1 ng/mL increase of 25(OH)D was associated with 9% reduction in the odds of reporting self-rated health as fair or poor. Poisson regression model demonstrated an association between physically unhealthy days and 25(OH)D levels (rate ratio 0.95, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum levels of 25(OH)D were associated with self-rated health and with physically unhealthy days of HRQOL in healthy high-tech male workers. Future intervention studies are required to test the impact of vitamin D supplementation on QoL.

Background. Whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) is the therapeutic exposure of the total human body (without underwear) to a very low temperature (below –100°C) for 120–180 s. Currently, WBC is used more frequently not only in the treatment of patients suffering from various diseases, but also by healthy people as a wellness method. Objectives. The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of WBC procedures on oxidative stress parameters in healthy men. Material and Methods. The study involved 32 healthy male subjects who were randomly divided into 2 groups: 16 men exposed to WBC procedures with subsequent kinesiotherapy (WBC group) and 16 men exposed only to kinesiotherapy procedures (KT group). Depending on the group, the subjects were exposed to 10 daily WBC procedures lasting 3 min, with a subsequent 60-min of kinesiotherapy, or exclusively to kinesiotherapy. In subjects from both groups, a day before the beginning of a cycle of treatment and a day after its completion, the level of selected indicators of oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum, plasma and erythrocyte lysates were determined. Results. In the WBC group subjects, we recorded a statistically significant decrease in the concentrations of most of the parameters of oxidative stress with an accompanying increase in plasma concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (total antioxidant status and uric acid). We recorded no significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (plasma total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoenzymes SOD-Mn and SOD-ZnCu, erythrocyte catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase). Conclusions. The results we obtained confirmed that WBC decreases oxidative stress in healthy men (Adv Clin Exp Med 2016, 25, 6, 1281–1291).

The present study aims to analyze sperm concentration trends among young and healthy Chinese adults in Wuhan, Central China, from 2010 to 2015. Semen analysis data from 9357 participants were collected and analyzed using a general linear model and the Cochran–Armitage trend test. A significant decline was observed in sperm concentration (β [standard deviation]: −1.53 [0.16]; P < 0.001). In addition, a decline in sperm density was observed by stratifying student versus nonstudent sperm donors and by analyzing the year of birth or birth year cohort of the participants. Furthermore, the percentage of participants with sperm densities of over 40 × 106 ml−1 significantly decreased with year. Notably, a dramatic decline in sperm density was recorded over the first 5 years of study. This research reported a decline in sperm concentration among young adults in Wuhan, Central China, in 2010–2015.

A precise assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition can be performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Values of body composition for males would be useful to evaluate the occurrence of alterations in body composition in a number of diseases. The objectives of this study were to establish BMD and body composition values in healthy men and to analyze age-related changes. BMD and body composition of total body and subareas were determined in 116 healthy men (aged 20e79 yr) using DXA. Comparison between 20e29- and 70e79-yr-old men showed that older subjects were shorter ( p!0.03), and had a higher body mass index ( p!0.01). Fat mass increased (þ46.7%; p!0.001) especially in the trunk. Lean mass (LM) decreased (9.4%; p!0.05) mainly in the arms and legs. Bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD decreased (15.3% [p!0.001], 6.3% [p!0.05], respectively). Correlation was observed between BMC and LM (r50.7, p!0.01). Values of BMD and body composition in healthy men were obtained. A relation was observed between bone mass and body composition, suggesting that the age-related decrease in LM may be associated to bone mass loss. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of body composition in the occurrence of osteoporosis in men. Fil: Seijo, Mariana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina Fil: Deferrari, Juan M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina Fil: Bagur, Alicia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina Fil: Fernandez, Maria C.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina Fil: Mastaglia, Silvina Rosana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina Fil: Parisi, Muriel Solange. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina Fil: Oliveri, María Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. División Osteopatías; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina

International audience; BACKGROUND: Recommendations for cardiovascular disease prevention advocate lowering both cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol systemic levels, notably by statin intake. However, statins are the subject of questions concerning their impact on male fertility. This study aimed to evaluate, by a prospective pilot assay, the efficacy and the toxicity of a decrease of cholesterol blood levels, induced by atorvastatin on semen quality and sexual hormone levels of healthy, normocholesterolaemic and normozoospermic men. METHODS: Atorvastatin (10 mg daily) was administrated orally during 5 months to 17 men with normal plasma lipid and standard semen parameters. Spermatozoa parameters, accessory gland markers, semen lipid levels and blood levels of gonadal hormones were assayed before statin intake, during the treatment, and 3 months after its withdrawal. RESULTS: Atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol concentrations by 42% and 24% (p

Background: In heart rate variability (HRV) studies, the duration of the electrocardiographic recordings may vary between 20 seconds and 24 hours. Little is known about the reproducibility or comparability of HRV measures calculated over observation periods of different duration. Methods: To assess the reproducibility and comparability of HRV measures computed from short recordings under standardized conditions and from ambulatory 24-hour recordings, 15 healthy young males were studied on three occasions. Results: The reliability coefficient (between subject variation divided by summed between and within subject variation) for 20-second intervals was low for all measures. For 5-minute intervals in supine position, but not standing position, the reliability coefficients of the standard deviation, root of mean squared successive differences, proportion of successive differences > 50 ms, and the proportion low frequency power were about 70%. The reliability coefficients of the 24-hour HRV measures were > 80% for all measures. Short- and long-term measures of heart rate and HRV appeared to be correlated, implying that these measures result in similar ranking of subjects. Conclusions: The results indicate that HRV measures based on 24-hour monitoring during regular activities are better reproducible than short-term measures under standardized conditions. A single 5-minute recording may suffice to characterize a group of persons in a population study, but, because of considerable day-to-day variation, it is not adequate for individual characterization.

Background & objectives: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels are known to vary with race and ethnicity, environmental factors, lifestyle, metabolic and physiologic changes and advancing age. This study was designed to determine age specific serum PSA level in healthy Indian men and its comparison with that reported in different populations of the world. Methods: A total of 1300 adult men who attended Executive Health Check-up programme in a tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India, were included in the study. Forty seven men were excluded from the analysis because of urological conditions affecting PSA values. Overall, 1253 men were analyzed for age specific PSA values. Results: The age specific reference range of serum PSA values was 0.71 ng/ml in those younger than 40 yr; 0.85 ng/ml in 40-49 yr; 1.13ng/ml in 50-59 yr group; 1.45 ng/ml in 60-69 yr group; 1.84 ng/ml in 70-79 yr group and 2.35 ng/ml in men older than 80 yr. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study provided the age-specific reference range of serum PSA in healthy men in India. The data suggested that the PSA levels were associated with increasing age.

Doctorat en Sciences médicales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

De nombreux événements cardiovasculaires se déroulent au cours du sommeil(13).Divers auteurs ont étudié la variabilité du rythme cardiaque durant les différentes phases du sommeil chez le sujet sain (2) ou souffrant de diverses pathologies (3,5). Seules quelques publications décrivent le lien entre le sommeil et la variabilité du rythme cardiaque (4). L’interaction entre la variabilité du rythme cardiaque et les spectres de puissance du signal EEG de sommeil peut être étudiée par une analyse de cohérence (12). Cette méthode donne les fonctions de cohérence, de gain et de décalage de phases entre deux signaux à une fréquence déterminée. Les signaux principaux utilisés pour cette analyse de cohérence sont la bande de puissance de haute fréquence (HF) de la variabilité de l’intervalle RR, reflet de l’activité cardiaque vagale (14), et la bande de puissance de fréquence delta du signal EEG, associée au sommeil lent profond (1), à la fréquence du maximum de cross-spectrum entre ces bandes de puissances. Dans le but de mieux comprendre cette interaction, diverses questions se posent : • Existe-t-il, chez l’homme jeune en bonne santé, une interaction entre les spectres de puissance de l’intervalle RR et du signal EEG ? • Quelle bande de fréquence des puissances du signal EEG est la plus liée à la bande de puissance de haute fréquence de la variabilité de l’intervalle RR au cours du sommeil ? • Quel est l’impact du vieillissement sur ce lien ? • Existe-t-il une altération complète (cohérence, gain, décalage de phase) de l’interaction entre la bande de puissance de HF de l’intervalle RR et la bande de puissance de fréquence delta de sommeil chez l’individu souffrant d’un syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées de sommeil (SAHS) modéré ou sévère ? • Y a-t-il une diminution des valeurs de la cohérence et une modification du décalage de phase entre les signaux de puissance des bandes de HF du signal ECG et de la fréquence delta de l’EEG au cours du sommeil de la personne souffrant d’insomnie chronique primaire? • Les valeurs du gain pourraient-elles être les seules à être altérées chez le patient souffrant d’un trouble dépressif majeur (TDM)? Pour répondre à ces questions, plusieurs groupes ont été constitués :8 adultes jeunes (18-23 ans)(11), 19 hommes d’âge moyen (36-54 ans) vs. 16 adultes jeunes (16-28 ans)(10), 12 patients souffrant d’un SAHS sévère vs. 12 patients souffrant d’un SAHS modéré à sévère vs. 12 hommes contrôles (9), 14 hommes souffrant d’insomnie chronique primaire vs. 12 adultes contrôles (8), 10 hommes souffrant de TDM vs. 10 hommes contrôles(7). Aucun patient ne présente une autre pathologie que celle décrite et tous ont été sevrés d’éventuelles médications psychotropes. De ces analyses, il apparaît que, chez l’homme jeune en bonne santé, de toutes les bandes de puissance du signal EEG de sommeil, les modifications de la bande de puissance delta est la plus liée aux modifications de la bande de puissance de haute fréquence de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque (11); et que le lien entre les modifications observées entre les bandes de puissance delta et HF est stable malgré l’effet du vieillissement observé dans l’architecture du sommeil et le contrôle de l’activité cardiaque (10). Les patients souffrant de SAHS présentent une perte du contrôle du lien entre le sommeil et la variabilité du rythme cardiaque, avant même l’apparition des symptômes cliniques cardiaques (9). Les personnes souffrant d’insomnie chronique primaire montrent une diminution de la force, voire une instabilité, du lien dynamique entre l’activité cérébrale de sommeil et la variabilité du rythme cardiaque(8). Les patients souffrant de trouble dépressif majeur démontrent une diminution de l’efficacité du lien entre les structures impliquées dans le contrôle du sommeil et les centres cardiovasculaires, mais pas de la force de ce lien (7), comme suggéré par les observations d’une neuroplasticité altérée chez les personnes dépressives (6). L’étude de la relation entre l’activité cérébrale et la variabilité du rythme cardiaque au cours du sommeil pourrait donc permettre une meilleure compréhension des processus neuro-cérébraux impliqués dans le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires mais également des pathologies de sommeil et des maladies psychiatriques. Elle pourrait peut-être, à l’aide d’une technique simple comprenant des enregistrements ECG et EEG au cours du sommeil, anticiper l’apparition de maladies graves cardiovasculaires, bien avant les premiers signes de la pathologie et permettre ainsi l’application de mesures préventives plutôt que curatives. Références. 1. Aeschbach D, Borbély AA. All-night dynamics of the human sleep EEG. J Sleep Res 1993; 2:70-81. 2. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. Heart rate variability: sleep stage, time of night, and arousal influences. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997; 102(5):390-396. 3. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. Heart rate variability in insomniacs and matched normal sleepers. Psychosom Med. 1998 Sep-Oct;60(5):610-5. 4. Brandenberger G, Viola AU, Ehrhart J, Charloux A, Geny B, Piquard F, Simon C. Age-related changes in cardiac autonomic control during sleep. J Sleep Res. 2003; 12(3):173-80. 5. Dingli K, Assimakopoulos T, Wraith PK, Fietze I, Witt C, Douglas NJ. Spectral oscillations of RR intervals in sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome patients. Eur Respir J. 2003; 22: 943-50. 6. Fossati P, Radtchenko A, Boyer P. Neuroplasticity: from MRI to depressive symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004; 14 Suppl 5:S503-10. 7. Jurysta F, Kempenaers C; Lancini J; Lanquart JP; van de Borne P; Linkowski P. Altered interaction between cardiac vagal influence and delta sleep EEG suggests an altered neuroplasticity in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. Acta Psych Scand (in press) 8. Jurysta F, Lanquart J, Sputaels V, Dumont M, Migeotte PF, Leistedt S, Linkowski P, van de Borne P. The Impact of Chronic Primary Insomnia on the Heart Rate - EEG Variability Link. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2009; 120(6):1054-60. 9. Jurysta F, Lanquart JP, van de Borne P, Migeotte PF, Dumont M, Degaute JP, Linkowski P. The link between cardiac autonomic activity and sleep delta power is altered in men with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006; 291(4):R1165-71. 10. Jurysta F, van de Borne P, Lanquart JP, Migeotte PF, Degaute JP, Dumont M, Linkowski P. Progressive aging does not alter the interaction between autonomic cardiac activity and delta EEG power. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005; 116(4):871-7. 11. Jurysta F, van de Borne P, Migeotte PF, Dumont M, Lanquart JP, Degaute JP, Linkowski P. A study of the dynamic interactions between sleep EEG and heart rate variability in healthy young men. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2003; 114(11):2146-55. 12. Koopmans LH. The Spectral Analysis of Time Series. Academic Press. New York and London, 1974. 13. Lavery CE, Mittleman MA, Cohen MC, Muller JE, Verrier RL. Nonuniform nighttime distribution of acute cardiac events: a possible effect of sleep states. Circulation. 1997; 96(10):3321-7. 14. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 354-381., Doctorat en Sciences médicales, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present significant exertional dyspnea. The peripheral muscle dysfunction appears to be the greatest impact on the inability to perform physical exercise. Additionally, there is respiratory muscle weakness caused by a limited supply of O2 and alteration of mechanical ventilation. In this context, in order to better understand the manifestations of these disorders and to establish management strategies, we have proposed the development of three studies. The first study was entitled Deep breathing heart rate variability is associated with respiratory muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the influence of respiratory muscle strength on autonomic control of heart rate variability (HRV) in these patients. Ten COPD patients (69±9 years; forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) 59±12% and FEV1 41±11% predicted) and nine age-matched healthy male volunteers (64±5 years) participated in this study. The maximal inspiratory pressure was obtained in the sitting position. Then, electrocardiography signal was obtained in three conditions: 1) lying position for 15 min; 2) lying position during the respiratory sinusal arrhythmia maneuver (RSA-M) for 4 min; and 3) sitting position for 15 min. Data was analyzed by the time (RMSSD and SDNN indexes) and the frequency domains, in total power, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) absolute (ab) and normalized (nu) units and LF/HF ratio. Regarding the RSA-M indexes, the expiratory/inspiratory ratio (E/I) and the inspiratory/expiratory difference (ΔIE) were calculated. The patients with COPD demonstrated significantly impaired cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and during RSA-M when compared with healthy subjects (ratio E/I: 1.1±0.06 vs. 1.2±0.1 e ΔIE: 7.0±3.5 vs 12.7±4.2, respectively). Moreover, significant and positive correlations between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and the inspiratory-expiratory difference (ΔIE) (r = 0.60, p

The effects of 100 mg ibopamine, an orally active aselective dopamine (DA) agonist, on plasma catecholamines was evaluated in 8 healthy men during sympathetic stimulation by graded exercise in a single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. The exercise consisted of progressive cycling activity ≤90% of the previously determined VO2max. Graded exercise resulted in an increase in systolic and mean blood pressure (SBP, MBP), heart rate, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine level, with a decrease in diastolic BP (DBP). The increase in NE was significantly blunted by ibopamine as compared with placebo. No differences for BP, heart rate (HR), or epinephrine between placebo- and ibopamine study day were noted. In previous studies, ibopamine decreased resting plasma NE in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), whereas plasma NE was not altered by ibopamine in healthy volunteers. This different outcome in both categories might therefore be explained by the absence of substantial sympathetic stimulation in normal humans at rest. Because it is reasonable to assume that the effect of ibopamine on systemic and local hemodynamics is negligible as compared with the effect of exercise in the healthy volunteers, the plasma decrease caused by ibopamine is probably related to stimulation of DA2-receptors. In conclusion, ibopamine blunts the increase of plasma NE during graded exercise in healthy men.

The effects of 100 mg ibopamine, an orally active aselective dopamine (DA) agonist, on plasma catecholamines was evaluated in 8 healthy men during sympathetic stimulation by graded exercise in a single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. The exercise consisted of progressive cycling activity less-than-or-equal-to 90% of the previously determined VO2max. Graded exercise resulted in an increase in systolic and mean blood pressure (SBP, MBP), heart rate, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine level, with a decrease in diastolic BP (DBP). The increase in NE was significantly blunted by ibopamine as compared with placebo. No differences for BP, heart rate (HR), or epinephrine between placebo- and ibopamine study day were noted. In previous studies, ibopamine decreased resting plasma NE in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), whereas plasma NE was not altered by ibopamine in healthy volunteers. This different outcome in both categories might therefore be explained by the absence of substantial sympathetic stimulation in normal humans at rest. Because it is reasonable to assume that the effect of ibopamine on systemic and local hemodynamics is negligible as compared with the effect of exercise in the healthy volunteers, the plasma decrease caused by ibopamine is probably related to stimulation of DA2-receptors. In conclusion, ibopamine blunts the increase of plasma NE during graded exercise in healthy men.

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Cafestol is a diterpene in unfiltered coffee that raises plasma triacylglycerol in humans. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether cafestol increases plasma triacylglycerol by increasing the production rate or by decreasing the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL(1) [Svedberg flotation unit (S(f)) 60-400] apolipoprotein (apo) B. In addition, we studied the effect of cafestol on the composition of VLDL(1) and VLDL(2) (S(f) 20-60). DESIGN: Eight healthy normolipidemic men were administered a daily dose of 75 mg cafestol for 2 wk. A bolus injection of 7 mg L-[5,5,5-(2)H(3)]leucine/kg body wt was given after a baseline period with no cafestol and again after treatment with cafestol. We derived kinetic constants to describe the metabolism of VLDL(1) apo B by using a multicompartmental model. RESULTS: Cafestol significantly increased plasma triacylglycerol by 31% or 0.32 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.03, 0.61); the increase was due mainly to a nonsignificant rise in VLDL(1) triacylglycerol of 57% or 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.02, 0.48). Cafestol significantly increased the mean rate of VLDL(1) apo B production by 80% or 755 mg/d (95% CI: 0.2, 5353), whereas it did not significantly change the mean fractional catabolic rate of VLDL(1) apo B (mean increase of 3 pools/d; 95% CI: -4, 10]). Cafestol did not change the composition of VLDL(1). A significant increase in the ratio of VLDL(2) cholesteryl ester to triacylglycerol indicates that VLDL(2) became enriched with cholesteryl esters at the cost of triacylglycerol. CONCLUSION: Cafestol increases plasma triacylglycerol by increasing the production rate of VLDL(1) apo B, probably via increased assembly of VLDL(1) in the liver.

The aim of this study was to find correlations between folate and vitamin B₁₂ on baseline damage in white blood cells and their association with smoking, alcohol consumption and ageing. Thirty-six healthy vitamin non-deficient male subjects were selected in a randomized study. Comet assay (SCGE) and micronucleus (MN) assay were used as biomarkers of DNA damage. The amount of DNA damage was correlated with vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid concentration. Positive, but non-significant correlation (canonical R = 0.61 ; χ²=28.97 ; P=0.253) was found between micronucleus (MN) frequency or comet assay parameters (SCGE) and five covariates (age, smoking, alcohol consumption, vitamin B₁₂ and folate blood serum concentration). The highest MN frequency was observed in the group with the lowest vitamin B₁₂ concentration (F=3.59 ; P=0.024). The SCGE assay failed to show significant correlation with vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid concentration. Concentration of vitamin B₁₂ was significantly correlated with incidence of micronuclei. Our results present background data that could be valuable for future genotoxicological monitoring.

Background Few studies have examined how various lifestyle factors in midlife predict longevity, and none of these studies have examined the impact of physical fitness. The present study aimed to examine longevity in relation to smoking, overweight and physical fitness. Methods We prospectively studied longevity (defined as reaching at least 85 years of age) in relation to smoking status, body mass index and physical fitness in 821 healthy men between 51 and 59 years of age. Of these, 369 were smokers, 320 were overweight, and 31 were obese. The associations were adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure and cholesterol level, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Deaths were registered until the 31st of December, 2006. Physical fitness was measured as the total work performed in a maximal exercise tolerance bicycle test. Results 252 men survived to the age of 85 years (30.7%). Smoking status was significantly and independently related to longevity; 37.2% of the non-smokers survived to the age of 85, and 22.8% of the smokers. Among non-smokers, overweight and physical fitness were significantly and independently related to longevity after adjustment for age, blood pressure and cholesterol level, but not among smokers. Among non-smokers with high physical fitness, 48.8% reached the age of 85 years, compared to 27.9% among non-smokers with low physical fitness. Conclusion Lifestyle variables appear to be strong and independent predictors of longevity in initially healthy middle-aged men. The probability of longevity may be a useful concept when informing the general public about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.