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Soil fertility depletion is a serious problem in Ethiopian highland due to leaching of topsoil by runoff, which reduces production and productivity. This experiment conducted in Debub Ari district for two years with the aim of investigating single and combined effect of compost and FYM with inorganic fertilizer on soil fertility improvement and onion crop production. The treatment includes T1) Control, T2) Recommended NP (69/30), T3) NPSZnB (120N, 92P2O5, 20.06S, 5.89Zn, 0.66B) kg ha-1(264 kg NPSZnB + 161 kg urea), T4) 10 t ha-1FYM, T5) 10 t ha-1compost, T6) 5 tha-1FYM + 50% of treatment-3 and T7) 5 t ha-1compost + 50% of treatment-3. Treatments are arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil before the experiment showed moderately acidic, moderate in organic matter and boron, low in sulfur high in available P and total nitrogen. The results showed significant differences among the treatments on onion plant height, bulb diameter, marketable and biological yield. The highest total yield 19.99 t ha-1, 19.59 t ha-1and 19.25 t ha-1was recorded from NPSZnB (120N, 92P2O5, 20.06S, 5.89Zn, 0.66B) kg ha-1, 5 t ha-1compost + 50% of T-3 and 5 t ha-1FYM + 50% of T-3 respectively and that increase yield by 39%, 35% and 33% over the control. Soils after the experiment become medium in sulfur remain static in available boron and total nitrogen. Economic feasibility that the maximum net benefit of 246059 and 242442 ETB ha-1with acceptable %MRR of 290 and 1300 was obtained with the application of NPSZnB (120N, 92P2O5, 20.06S, 5.89Zn, 0.66B) kg ha-1and 5 t ha-1FYM + 50% of T-3, respectively. Therefore, the application of those two treatments is recommended for higher yield production in the study area.

Identifying sustainable crop production systems that improve yield from existing farmland while improving resource use efficiency is critical to meet the growing demands of the increasing human population and diminishing natural resources. Considering the increasing cost associated with inorganic fertilizer, integrated nutrient management using both organic and inorganic sources is important. Therefore, optimizing nutrient management practices that increase yield, improve soil quality, build up soil organic carbon storage, and maintain energy balance can help achieve sustainability in farming systems. In this regard, different nutrient management practices under the rice–rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system were evaluated using five different criterions, namely, (i) crop yield response, (ii) soil quality, (iii) soil carbon stock, (iv) energy efficiency, and (v) profitability under lowland situations in the Goa state situated in the western coast of India. We tested six nutrient management treatments, namely, inorganic fertilizers, organic (farmyard manure), rice straw, and their combinations over three years from 2016 to 2019. The results revealed that integrated nutrient management improved soil carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon, and soil fertility more than the other treatments. The integrated use of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer showed significantly higher crop yield (9.86 v/s 9.41 Mg ha−1), microbial biomass carbon (354 v/s 233.7 mg kg−1 soil), soil carbon stock (36.65 v/s 25.5 Mg C ha−1), energy efficiency (23.8 v/s 22.3), and net return (1776 v/s 1508 USD) than those associated with chemical fertilizer alone. We conclude that the application of chemical fertilizers/organic sources alone may not be sustainable for the rice–rice cropping system in the Goa state of India; the focus should be on integrated nutrient management systems.

Intensive agriculture has increased global food production, but also impaired ecosystem services and soil biodiversity. Organic fertilization, essential to organic and integrated farming, can provide numerous benefits for soil quality but also compromise the environment by polluting soils and producing greenhouse gases through animal husbandry. The need for reduced stocking density is inevitably accompanied by lower FYM inputs, but little research is available on the impact of these effects on the soil microbiome. We collected soil samples from winter wheat plots of a 42-year-old long-term trial comparing different farming systems receiving farmyard manure at two intensities and measured soil quality parameters and microbial community diversity through DNA metabarcoding. High-input fertilization, corresponding to 1.4 livestock units (LU) improved the soil's nutritional status and increased soil microbial biomass and respiration when compared to low-input at 0.7 LU. Bacterial and fungal alpha-diversity was largely unaffected by fertilization intensity, whereas their community structure changed consistently, accompanied by an increase in the bacterial copiotroph-to-oligotroph ratio in high-input systems and by more copiotrophic indicator OTUs associated with high than low-input. This study shows that reduced nutrient availability under low-input selects oligotrophic microbes efficiently obtaining nutrients from various carbon sources; a potentially beneficial trait considering future agroecosystems., FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 99 (6), ISSN:0168-6496, ISSN:1574-6941

Tenure insecurity and thin land rental markets weakened the incentives to farmland investment in rural China, which was not conducive to improving agricultural productivity. Thus, impacts of tenure security and farmland transfer on farmland investment were analyzed by using the household fixed effect model, the IV method and a 762 household-level and 1163 plot-level data set. The results indicated that: (1) compared with owned plots, the number of farmyard manure in rented plots without stipulating rental time was significantly decreased by 64.0~66.9%; (2) each 1% increase in land rents led to a 1.7% rise in the input of farmyard manure; (3) each 1% increase in the size of farmland transfer resulted in a 0.1% rise in the input of farmyard manure. Our study contributed to boosting agricultural sustainable development from the perspectives of improving the systems of farmland property rights and developing farmland rental markets. First published online 09 June 2022

Se analizó el contenido de nutrimentos totales y disponibles, el Al total e intercambiable y el pH de cuatro muestras de gallinaza, (dos frescas y dos de 2 y 24 meses). El contenido total de N en la gallinaza de 24 meses fue de 2.47%; sin embargo, en la gallinaza fresca y en la de 2 meses sobrepaso el 3%. El contenido total de Mg y Al fue mayor en la gallinaza de 2 y 24 meses, pero no hubo aumento en las fracciones intercambiables de estos dos cationes. Todo el K presente en la gallinaza se encuentra en forma intercambiable. Se observo un aumento significativo en el P disponible en la gallinaza de 2 y 24 meses al compararla con las dos muestras frescas. Esta fracción de P representó un valor medio de 9% del P total en la gallinaza fresca, 67% en la de dos meses y 97% en la de 24 meses. El Ca intercambiable fluctuó entre 1,558 y 5,200 p/m y el Mg entre 750 y 1,863 p/m. No se observó ninguna relación entre la fracción intercambiable (disponible) de estos elementos y la edad del material.

IntroductionMedicinal plants are rich resources for traditional medicines and in this regard play an essential role in the development of human culture. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to the Laminaceae family and can be found in tropical Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Basil is traditionally used worldwide as a medicinal herb to treat numerous ailments. The leaves and flowering tissues are traditionally used as antispasmodic, carminative, digestive remedies, to treat abdominal cramps, fever, poor digestion, migraines, insomnia, depression, dysentery, etc. Application of chemical fertilizers in order to eliminate residues of this chemichal substances from crop to ensure consumer health and environmental protection is one of the major challenges in sustainable production of medicinal crops. The application of organic fertilizers such as farmyard, vermicompose, and humic substances as an alternative to chemichal fertilizers to improve soil fertility in sustainable agriculture is currently being discussed. Application of organic fertilizers in addition to modifying soil physical and chemical properties, provides nutrients for the plant in long-term. Various studies have also shown the positive effect of organic fertilizers on increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, vermicompost, and humic acid on some morphological traits, dry matter yield, and production of basil essential oil.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in Oshnavieh city in the West Azerbaijan Province in 2014. The treatments included organic fertilizers (20 tons ha-1 farmyard, 7.5 and 15 tons ha-1 vermicompost, and control) and humic acid application (soil application, foliar application and not application as control). The measured traits included plant height, lateral stems number, lateral stems length, flowering stems number, leaf number per plant, leaf chlorophyll index, dry matter yield and essential oil percentage. Data analysis was done using MSTAT-C statistical software and means were compared using LSD test at 1% or 5 % probability levels based on the significance level in each trait.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that application of organic fertilizers significantly increased plant height, lateral stems number, lateral stem length, flowering stem number, and leaf number. The highest essential oil yield (2.94 g m-2) was obtained using 15 tons ha-1 vermicompost. Both foliar and soil application of humic acid treatments had the highest lateral stems number (13.1 per plant) and essential oil yield (2.75 g m-2) and humic acid foliar treatment had the highest flowering stem number (22.9) and essential oil percentage (0.59%). All treatments of organic fertilizer and humic acid increased leaf chlorophyll index compared to control. Application of 15 tons ha-1 vermicompost combined with or without humic acid produced the highest dry matter yield (with an average of 538.6 g m-2) that showed 99.6% increase compared to control (not application of organic fertilizers and humic acid). It seems that the application of humic acid and organic fertilizers increased the absorption and transport of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium as well as water absorption by the plant and by this way, the morphological and growth traits of plant increased. On the other hand, application of organic fertilizers not only increased the available nutrients to the plant, but also improved soil physical conditions and biological processes and provided a suitable environment for root growth. Consequently, organic fertilizers increased dry matter production and essential oil content and yield.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that organic fertilizers and humic acid application had significant effects on morphological traits, yield, and essential oil content of basil. So that, these treatments significantly increased the value of morphological traits. The highest dry matter yield was obtained by application of 15 tons ha-1 vermicompost combined with or without humic acid. The treatment of foliar application of humic acid had the highest essential oil content. The highest essential oil yield was obtained by the application of 15 tons ha-1 vermicompost. Finally, the application of organic fertilizers could be used in sustainable agriculture to improve of quantitative and qualitative yield of basil and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers.

Integrated nutrient management (INM) is an environment friendly and ecologically adoptable approach of plant nutrition to sustain crop productivity and maintain soil fertility of fragile agricultural ecosystems. A three-year field experiment on saffron was conducted involving 12 fertilization regimes: control; urea (UN) = 100 kg·ha-1; poultry manure (PM) = 100 kg·ha-1; farmyard manure (FYM) = 100 kg·ha-1; PM50 + FYM50; UN75 + PM25; UN50 + PM50; UN25 + PM75; UN75 + FYM25; UN50 + FYM50; UN25 + FYM75; and UN50 + PM25+ FYM25. Results showed that PM alone and combined with 50% UN (UN50 + PM50) were effective compared to the controls in increasing the number of flowers (58%), flower dry weight (59%), stigma length (70%), dry weight of stigma (40%), number of daughter corms plant-1 (35%), and corm diameter (71%) of saffron over years. In addition, the same treatment combination increased corm weight (96%), corm yield (96%), and stigma yield (35%) over controls across the years. This treatment combination was followed by UN50 + PM25 + FYM25, while UN50 alone did not perform at par to the rest of the fertilization regimes. These results showed that UN50 + PM50 might be developed as potent strategy for boosting the growth and yield (stigma and daughter corms yield) of saffron in temperate climatic conditions.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2017 at ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru to study the influence of different levels of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Jeevamrutha on growth and yield of Sunflower in red sandy loam soil. There were nine treatment combinations laid out in factorial randomized complete block design, which were replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that, the application of FYM at 150 per cent nitrogen equivalent and jeevamrutha at 1500 L ha-1significantly influenced growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and total dry matter production. The interaction effect of FYM and jeevamrutha was significant in enhancing the seed yield of sunflower due to improvement in yield attributes like head diameter, number of seeds per head, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant.

Rapid industrialization has been a major cause of land degradation and other environmental problems globally. Most energy inputs in industries depend on coal-burning power stations which release various pollutants into the environment. Among these pollutants, fly ash is a concerning pollutant for soil quality, as it occupies a voluminous area of land in India and renders it unproductive. Therefore, this work attempts to evaluate the organic amendment-facilitated bioremediation/phytoremediation of fly ash-degraded land through bamboo plantations under field conditions. Three species of bamboo, Bambusa balcooa, B. tulda, and B. bambos, were planted on fly ash dumpsite soil amended with a combined dose of pressmud and farmyard manure. Results demonstrate that after two years of plantation, all the physicochemical attributes of the degraded land were improved considerably compared to the initial observations. Although all the bamboo species exhibited promising phytoremediation potential, variations were observed in their phytoremediation mechanisms: B. balcooa was the most ideal phytostabilizer species for Cu, Zn, and Ni. B. bambos was found as an ideal phytostabilizer of Pb and Zn while B. tulda was found as a phytoextractor of Cr and Zn. Additionally, all the bamboo species sequestrated atmospheric CO2 considerably, resulting in overall environmental restoration of the degraded area; B. balcooa was the most ideal species. Moreover, B. balcooa exhibited the highest air pollution tolerance index compared to other species. This study, therefore, recommends that a comprehensive analysis of organic matter-mediated phytoremediation would assist environmental managers to formulate sustainable eco-restoration strategies, ensuring a sustainable solution to land degradation.

A pot experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 to carry out the study on “Interactive effect of potash (K2O), potassium mobilizing bacteria (KMB) and FYM on forage yield, nutrient uptake by forage maize and soil fertility in a loamy sand soil of middle Gujarat”. Application of K2O @ 60 kg ha-1, KMB and FYM recorded significantly the highest plant height of forage maize at harvest over respective control. Crop fertilized with K2O @ 60 kg ha-1 and KMB gave significantly the highest green forage and dry matter yield. The results indicated that application of K2O @ 60 kg ha-1, potassium mobilizing bacteria recorded significantly the highest uptake of N, P, K, Fe and Zn by crop at harvest. Significantly the highest uptake of N, K and Cu were found with application of FYM @10 t ha-1. Significantly the highest K uptake by maize as well as higher P and Zn uptake by maize were observed due to interaction effect of K × KMB (60 kg K2O ha-1 with KMB). In case of N and Cu uptake by maize were noted the Significantly higher due to interaction effect of K × KMB (30 kg K2O ha-1 with KMB) and K × KMB × FYM (60 kg K2O ha-1 with KMB and FYM), respectively. The integrated use of potassium fertilizers along with KBM or in combination with FYM significantly improved the maize grain and nutrient uptake.

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major yield constraint for lowland rice production in the tropics. As P-fertilizer resources are finite, alternative fertilizer management is needed for sustainable rice production. We examined whether farmyard manure (FYM), a major nutrient source for smallholder farms, can overcome issue in typical P-deficient lowlands in the central highlands of Madagascar. A multi-location trial in sites varying in altitude and soil P availability, clarified that the effect of both FYM and mineral P fertilizer application on grain yield greatly increased at higher elevation and when the soil oxalate-extractable P content was

Manure is a common source of nitrogen (N) in organic farming. However, manure is not always easily available, while the maximum N amount added as animal manure in organic agriculture is restricted by EU regulations. The present study was designed to test whether green manuring with a warm-season legume and intercropping with a cold-season legume can substitute farm-yard manure or compost as N sources in organic greenhouse tomato crops. To test this hypothesis, a winter-spring (WS) tomato crop was installed in February following the incorporation of crop residues of an autumn-winter (AW) tomato crop intercropped with faba bean, which had been fertilized with cowpea residues as green manure. This treatment, henceforth termed legume treatment (LT), was compared with the use of compost or manure as an N fertilization source in both tomato crops. In addition, a combination of compost and LT was also used as a fourth treatment. The results showed that green manuring with legumes and particularly cowpea can contribute a significant amount of N to the following organic tomato crop, through the biological fixation process. Nevertheless, legumes as green manure, or compost, or their combination cannot efficiently replace farmyard manure as an N fertilization source. Compost exhibited a slow mineralization course.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the common cash crop of the rainfed areas. Appropriate management practices are very important to get better yield of peanut in sandy loam soil. A field study was carried out during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of poultry manure (PM) (37.1 t ha-1), farmyard manure (FYM) (49.4 t ha-1), gypsum (GYP) (2.5 t ha-1), liquid humic acid (HA) (49.4 L ha-1) and co-application of GYP (1.2 t ha-1) and FYM (24.7 t ha-1) on peanut yield, quality and soil physical properties. Application of FYM, PM, HA and GYP (alone or in combination) significantly improved peanut yield, quality and soil physical properties. The combined application of GYP and FYM proved most effective (P ≤ 0.05) in improving the peanut yield (no. of pods per plant, 100 seed weight etc), quality (crude protein and oil content) and soil physical properties (moisture percentage, infiltration rate and bulk density). The combined application of GYP and FYM increased the pods yield by 67 and 65% during 2018 and 2019, respectively than control. Crude proteins (21%) and oil contents (9.0%) were also substantially increased in the combined application. Moreover, the combined application of GYP and FYM significantly retained the soil moisture and reduced bulk density of soil. Present findings suggest that integrated use of FYM and GYP under field conditions could improve the crop productivity, crude protein, oil contents, moisture percentage, and reduce the bulk density of soil thus improving overall soil health. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Background Soil samples were taken after 27 years from a long-term field experiment to study the effects of composted pure cattle farmyard manure (FYM) and two FYM treatments with biodynamic preparations on soil chemical and microbiological properties. Methods Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, basal respiration, fungal ergosterol, microbial biomass C (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were analyzed in a 6-field crop rotation system, conducted as a randomized block design with six replicates. The multi-substrate-induced respiration (multi-SIR) approach was used to assess microbial functional diversity by the respiratory response of 17 low molecular weight organic substances. Results All composted FYM treatments revealed generally positive effects on SOC, total N, basal respiration, MBC, and MBN in contrast to control without FYM. Only fungal ergosterol was not increased by FYM application. After 27 experimental years, discriminant function analysis of multi-SIR data not only revealed significant general effects of biodynamic preparations, but was also able to differentiate between the sole application of the Achillea millefolium preparation and the standard application of all 6 biodynamic compost preparations. Conclusions The Achillea preparation was specifically able to improve the N status of the microbial community as indicated by the higher catabolic use of D-glucosamine as well as the amino acids γ-aminobutyric acid, L-cysteine, and L-leucine. The reason for different effects of the sole Achillea preparation and all 6 preparations cannot be explained by the current study. Graphical Abstract

Beneficial response of application of fertilizer enriched press mud @ 15 t ha−1, rice straw compost @ 6 t ha−1, poultry manure @ 6 t ha−1 and farmyard manure @ 15 t ha−1 to rice crop was reported i...

Aim: To determine the effect of integrated use of inorganic phosphorus along with phosphorus solubilising bacteria and farmyard manure on nutrient Content and uptake in Bt-Cotton. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur district. Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the Tulasi-BG II hybrid of cotton was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed using standard chemical procedures. Results: The uptake of macronutrients viz., N, P, and K was markedly influenced by the treatments with maximum values recorded by the treatment that received 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB. Their uptake significantly differed with increase in dose of phosphorus applied at all growth stages. Combined use of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB resulted in a significant increase in uptake of all micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) at all stages except Cu at 90 DAS. Conclusion: Application of phosphorus combined with FYM and PSB not only reduce inorganic phosphorus fertilization but also enhance the uptake of nutrients and plant nutrient content by providing favourable conditions for plant growth. Application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1+ PSB + FYM was found to be on a par with addition of only 60 kg ha-1P2O5. Hence the P dose can be reduced to half by integrating with PSB and FYM.

Cotton crop, plays a significant role in Pakistan’s economy by ruling a prominent place in edible oil and local textile industry. Phosphorus (P) inaccessibility and deficiency of soil organic matter are the key restraints for low crop productivity in cotton. Therefore, a two years field study was designed during 2014-15, to explore the influence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and inanimate sources of P on various physiological, growth, yield and quality parameters of cotton crop at CCRI Multan. Field responses of seeds inoculated with two distinctive phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) strains viz. S0 = control, S1 =strain-1, S2 = strain-2 and eight organic, inorganic P sources viz., P0= control, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source and P8 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from PM were evaluated. Results revealed that inoculation of seeds with PSB and collective use of inorganic and organic sources of P had considerably increased the yield contributing attributes in cotton. However, the treatment P7 (80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source) in coincidence with seeds inoculated with PSB (S1) produced taller plant, maximum boll weight, significantly higher LAI and CGR. Significantly higher seed cotton yield, lint yield, fiber length and maximum BCR of 1.95 and 1.81 was also obtained from the P7 treatment during both crop-growing seasons. In conclusion, combined use of 80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source and cotton seeds inoculated with strain-1 improved phosphorus uptake ensuing in greater consumption of photo-assimilates for maximum growth and yield. Resumo A safra de algodão, desempenha um papel significativo na economia do Paquistão, ao ocupar um lugar de destaque no óleo comestível e na indústria têxtil local. A inacessibilidade e a deficiência de fósforo (P) da matéria orgânica do solo são as principais restrições para a baixa produtividade das culturas em algodão. Portanto, um estudo de campo de dois anos foi desenvolvido durante 2014-15, para explorar a influência de bactérias solubilizantes de fosfato (PSB), esterco de capoeira (FYM), esterco de aves (PM) e fontes inanimadas de P sobre vários fatores fisiológicos, crescimento, rendimento e parâmetros de qualidade da cultura do algodão no CCRI Multan. Respostas de campo de sementes inoculadas com duas cepas distintas de bactérias solubilizantes de fosfato (PSB) viz. S0 = controle, S1 = cepa-1, S2 = cepa-2 e oito fontes orgânicas de P inorgânicas viz., P0 = controle, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P de FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P de PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P de FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P de PM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P de FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P de PM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica e P8 = 40 Foram avaliados kg ha-1 P da FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P da PM. Os resultados revelaram que a inoculação de sementes com PSB e o uso coletivo de fontes inorgânicas e orgânicas de P aumentaram consideravelmente os atributos que contribuem para a produtividade no algodão. No entanto, o tratamento P7 (80 kg P ha-1 da PM + 40 kg P ha-1 da fonte inorgânica) em coincidência com sementes inoculadas com PSB (S1) produziu planta mais alta, peso máximo de cápsula, IAF e CGR significativamente maiores. Produtividade significativamente maior do algodão, rendimento de fiapos, comprimento da fibra e BCR máximo de 1,95 e 1,81 também foi obtida a partir do tratamento P7 durante as duas épocas de cultivo. Em conclusão, o uso combinado de 80 kg P ha-1 de PM + 40 kg P ha-1 de fonte inorgânica e sementes de algodão inoculadas com a cepa-1 melhoraram a captação de fósforo, resultando em maior consumo de foto assimilados para obter crescimento e produtividade máximos.

Combining organic and inorganic fertilizer has been proved to be an effective and sustainable soil management strategy for increased crop yield and safe environment. Field experiments were conducted in two locations in Nigeria namely Malete and Shao during 2018 and 2019 seasons. This was to find out the efficacy of organic and inorganic fertilizer (including prilled and granular urea) and their various combinations on grain yield and agronomic characteristics of maize. The use of full dose of P and K + 75% N through Granular Urea + 25 % N through farmyard manure improved most of the soil chemical properties with high economic returns. It was concluded from the experiment that a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an environmentally friendly practice and could lead to high yields and improve farmers’ income and their livelihoods.

Abundance of soil with saline sodic property in Amibara irrigated farms is becoming a threat to crop productivity. As part of the solution to such problem soils, combine application of gypsum and farmyard manure has not been investigated well in the area. Therefore study was conducted at Worer Agricultural Research Center using rice as a test crop to evaluate Effect of GYP and FYM on nitrogen use efficiency of rice. Factorial combinations with three rates of FYM (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and five rates of gypsum (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% GR) were laid out in randomized complete complete block design with three replications. Composite surface soil samples before experiment and from each treatment after harvest were collected for laboratory analysis. Concerning nutrient use efficiency indices agronomic efficiency, agro physiological efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency and Nitrogen Harvest index of nitrogen were significantly(PKey words: Farmyard manure, Gypsum, Nitrogen, Nutrient Use Efficiency, Salt-Affected Soil. Title: Effect of Application of Gypsum and Farmyard Manure on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Saline sodic soil at Amibara, Ethiopia Author: Teshome Bekele International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences ISSN 2394-966X Vol. 9, Issue 3, May 2022 - June 2022 Page No: 18-26 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 07-June-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619732 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Effect%20of%20Application%20of%20Gypsum-07062022-5.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences, ISSN 2394-966X, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com, {"references":["[1] \tBeah, A.A., Norman, P.E., Scholberg, J.C., Lantinga, E.A. and Conteh, A.R. 2015. Effect of Organic Manure on Nitrogen Mineralization, Nitrogen Accumulation, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Apparent Nitrogen Recovery of Cauliflower (Braccica oleracea L., var. Botrytis). International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 4(3): 265-272.","[2] \tBrinck, E. and Frost, C. 2009. Evaluation of amendments used to prevent sodification of irrigated fields. Applied Geochemistry, 24(11): 2113-2122.","[3] \tBritton, D.T., Ruth, T.J., Lapi, S. and Kronzucker, H.J. 2004. Cellular and whole-plant chloride dynamics in barley: Insights into chloride nitrogen interactions and salinity responses. Plant, 218: 615-622.","[4] \tConway, T. 2001. Plant materials and techniques for brine site reclamation, plant materials technical note No 25, U.S. department of Agriculture- Natural Resource Conservation Service, Bridger, Montana.","[5] \tFageria, N.K. and Baligar, V.C. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy, 88: 97–185.","[6] \tFageria, N.K., Gheyi, H.R. and Moreira, A. 2011. Nutrient bioavailability in salt affected soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34(7): 945-962.","[7] \tFAO (Food and Agricultural Organization). 2008. Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis, fertilizer and plant nutrition bulletin 19 Rome, Italy.","[8] \tFisher, M. .2011. Amending soils with gypsum. Crops and Soils Magazine. Am. Soc. Agron. pp. 4-9.","[9] \tGirma, M.M. and Awulachew, S.B. 2007. Irrigation practices in Ethiopia: Characteristics of selected irrigation schemes. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, 80p. (IWMI Working Paper 124).","[10] \tHurni, H., Solomon, A., Amare, B., Berhanu, D., Ludi, E., Portner, B., Birru, Y. and Gete, Z. 2010. Land degradation and sustainable land management in the highlands of Ethiopia. In: Hurni, H,","[11] \tJim, M. 2002. Managing Salt Affected Soils, NRCS, South Dakota","[12] \tKhatun, A., Sultana, H., Bhuiya, Md.S.U. and Saleque, Md.A. 2015. Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Low Land Rice as Affected by Organic and Chemical Sources. Open Access Library Journal, 2: 1-16.","[13] \tKidane Georgis, Abebe Fanta, Heluf Gebrekidan, Fentaw Abegaz, Wondimagegne Chekol, Hibstu Azeze, Asegid Ayalew, Messele Fisseha, and Mohammed Bedel. 2006. Assessment of salt affected soils in Ethiopia and recommendations on management options for their sustainable utilization. EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","[14] \tLiang, Y., Nikolic, S, Peng,M, Chen,W, and Jiang, Y. 2005. Organic manure stimulates biological activity and barley growth in soil subject to secondary salinization/ sodification.Sols Biology and Biochemistry 37:1185-1195","[15] \tMadejon, E., Lopes, R., Murrilo,M, and Cabrera, F. 2001. Agricultural use of three (sugarbeet) vinasse compost effects on crops and chemical properties of a cambisol soil in the Quadalquivirm River Valley (SW Spain). Agriculture Ecosystem Environment 84: 5565."]}

Background In sustainable agriculture, the use of farmyard manure (FYM) is of great interest to environmental security and is effective as a good nitrogen source for sustainable crop production. Therefore, determining the effective doses of FYM that will be an alternative to chemical fertilizers, is also important to improve soil fertility and produce healthy products. This study aimed to determine the effects of FYM and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers on the biological value and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Methods Different doses FYM (7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 t ha−1) and AN (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1) were applied by sowing and compared to a control group (no manure). We evaluated the chemical constituents as well as the biological activities of dill herbs and seeds growing at various doses of FYM and AN fertilizers. Results The most abundant components of essential oils were found to be dill apiole (11.96 ± 0.83 and 18.65 ± 1.89%) and carvotanacetone (15.90 ± 2.34 and 21.76 ± 1.62%) in the leaves and seeds, respectively. Limonene (9.01 ± 1.11%), 4-isopropyltoluen (8.24 ± 0.89%), dill ether (9.13 ± 1.12%) and mycrene (7.44 ± 0.68%) were major essential oils components in herbs. The highest concentration of the essential oil components was determined as 12.5–15 t ha−1 in FYM and 90 AN applications. From the effective concentration (EC50) of the samples, it was seen that 60 kg ha−1 AN infusion, 120 kg ha−1 AN decoction as well as 7.5 t ha−1 FYM and 10 t ha−1 FYM essential oils had the highest DPPH, ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity as shown by the lowest value of EC50 compared to the control. Although the antioxidant activities of the samples were significantly lower than those of the reference antioxidant gallic acid, it was evident that they did show the antioxidative potential for hydrogen and a single electron donor activities, thus could serve as free radical scavengers, and act as reductant. In particular, the highest total phenolic content (18.36 ± 0.35 mg g−1) was found in the infusion extract after applying the 60 kg ha−1 AN fertilizer. Essential oils extracted from the seeds also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest antibacterial activity against all tested microbial species was observed with the 10 t ha−1 FYM application. Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that the application of FYM has promising effects on dill leaf, seed, and herb and can be considered as a suitable substitute for chemical fertilizers when growing dill, a plant with increasing importance and demand.

The experiment was conducted in Kalaburagi district, which belongs to North Eastern Dry Zone (Zone-2) of Karnataka state. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three main plot treatments viz., control (0 Kg P2O5 ha-1), 50 per cent of recommended dose of P (30 Kg P2O5 ha-1) and 100 per cent of recommended dose of P (75 Kg P2O5 ha-1) and seven sub-plot treatments viz., no organic manure, farmyard manure @ 12 t per ha-1, vermicompost @ 6 t per ha-1, poultry manure @ 6 t per ha-1, P enriched farmyard manure @ 6 t per ha-1, P enriched vermicompost @ 3 t per ha-1 and P-enriched poultry manure @ 3 t per ha-1. Application of P-enriched organic manures at different levels of P-fertilizers had significantly increased the P-uptake of onion crop. Among different P-enriched organic manures, poultry manure gave highest uptake and available status of phosphorus.

Use of organic fertilizers is one of the important ways to improve agricultural productions reduce the risk of environmental pollution and to achieve sustainable goals. To compare the effect of different levels of planting date, organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize, a split plot experiment with eight treatments and three replications was conducted at The Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Research and Sciences Branch, at Varamin, in 2019. Treatments were two levels of planting time (timely planting and late planting) and four fertilizers levels (control, 450 kg.ha-1 urea, 25 ton.ha-1 of compost manure and 15 ton.ha-1 of vermicompost fertilizer). The results showed that all of the traits under except 1000-grain weight were affected by different treatments. Delayed sowing significantly decreased yield and yield components. In most of the traits studied, significant differences between urea, compost and vermicompost treatments were not observed. However, stem diameter, seed content of nitrogen, number of kernel per ear and 1000-seed weight were not affected by the applied fertilizer treatments. Urea and vermicompost increased leaf soluble carbohydrates by (32.9 µg.g-1 FW and 31.9 µg.g-1 FW, respectively) and biological yield by (29.7 ton.ha-1 and 28.8 ton.ha-1, respectively). Also, grain yield increased by the use of compost (6.9 ton.ha-1) and urea (7.3 ton.ha-1) treatments. According to the results of this study, compost and vermicompost fertilizer can be a good alternative to urea in production of corn in Varamin region.

Organic and inorganic fertilizers improve soil fertility and give both macro and micronutrients to the soil for better growth of agricultural crops. Therefore, current study was designed to find out the efficacy of inorganic phosphorus (P) alone and in combination farmyard manure (FYM) applied in various doses on production and quality aspects of garlic. A field experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice using different rates of P in the form of single super phosphate (SSP) and farmyard manure (FYM). Seven different treatments of various levels of P, either using inorganic phosphorus from SSP alone or in combination with organic phosphorus from FYM, i.e. T0 = control; T1 = 50 kg P.ha-1 (SSP); T2 = 70 kg P.ha-1 (SSP); T3 = 90 kg P.ha-1 (SSP); T4 = 25 kg P.ha-1 (SSP) + 25 kg P.ha-1 (FYM); T5 = 35 kg P.ha-1 (SSP) + 35 kg P.ha-1 (FYM); T6 = 45 kg P.ha-1 (SSP) + 45 kg P.ha-1 (FYM)] were applied to the soil. All the growth, yield and quality parameters recorded showed significant response when P was applied in combination of inorganic and organic sources as compared with control and inorganic P alone. A combined treatment of 45 kg P.ha-1 (SSP) + 45 kg P.ha-1 (FYM) gave comparatively better results in terms of plant height (66.87 cm), fresh leaf weight (2.70 g), leaf area plant-1 (83.83 cm2), relative leaf chlorophyll content (11.90), weight of bulb plant-1 (42.66 g), diameter of bulb (4.50 cm), number of cloves bulb-1 (8.50), bulb yield (4382.96 kg ha-1) and vitamin C content (6.43 mg 100 g-1). Thus, it was concluded from this study that a combined treatment of 45 kg P.ha-1 (SSP) + 45 kg P.ha-1 (FYM) should be applied for quality production of garlic under rainfed conditions of Rawalakot.

An understanding of maize nutritional quality response to fertilization is important to counter the widespread nutritional deficiencies among humans; however, little work has been done in this cont...

The method of processing statistical data consists in comparing correlation coefficients between one or many pairs to establish correlation relationships between them. In the conditions of a classical stationary experiment, the correlation between humus and agrochemical indicators of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil was investigated during a long-term agricultural use in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The experiment was established in 1965 with different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizes, farmyard manure and lime. The results showed that correlation coefficient between the content of humus and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen (N) is paired (r = 0.958-0.997). It has been proved that with prolonged application of only mineral fertilizers (N65Р68K68) a connection between humus, nitrogen, and mobile phosphorus (Р2 О5 ) is observed at a level of r = 0.989-0.775. However, in variants where along with mineral and organic fertilizers 1.0 and 1.5 doses of CaCO3 were applied according to hydrolytic acidity, even closer links are observed between humus, N and Р2 О5 , while the correlation coefficient is 0.906-0.954. At the same time, close correlation between the content of humus and exchange potassium (K2 О) in light gray forest surface-gleyed soil in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine has not been established.

The study was attempted to examine the relationship of the yield of the Coconut and its various inputs used in the production of the coconuts by the coconut farmers in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu during the year 2019-2020. Four blocks namely, Anaimalai, Kinathukadavu, Pollachi (North) and Pollachi (South) were selected in the Coimbatore district for this study. Respondents were selected through Multistage sampling with 40 samples in each block. In all, 120 respondents were selected for the study. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed in the present study to analyze the resource use efficiency in the coconut farms. The analysis of the marginal productivities of the factors inferred that the all the inputs namely farmyard manure, fertilizers, irrigation and labour man days were used inefficiently in the study area. For the identification of the constraints in the production of the coconut, Garrett’s ranking technique was used. The major constraints in the study area were pest and disease incidence, limited availability of labour and scarcity of water.

The possibility of improving growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plants grown in newly cultivated land was conducted during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. For achieving this aim, broad bean plants were fertilized with different rates of organic fertilizers (poultry or farmyard manures) and minerals (NPK). Different growth parameters, chemical constituent and yield were determined in this study. The results indicated that organic fertilized plants achieved higher values of different growth parameters (plant height, number of branches, plant leaf lets blade area and dry weight / plant) and yield and its components (number of pods / plant, no of seeds / pod, weight of seeds / pod, weight of 100 seeds and weight of seeds / plant). The best results were obtained when the plants were fertilized with high rate of poultry manure (8 tons) and NPK fertilizers (50 kg ammonium nitrate 33.5% + 200 kg superphosphate 15.5% + 50 kg potassium Sulphate 48%). The present results also show that the concentration of chlorophyll. A, b, carotenoids, crude proteins, total free amino acids, total carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing sugars an non soluble carbohydrates recorded the higher values in both leaves and seeds of those plants fertilized with either poultry or farmyard manures when compared with those fertilized with NPK. The present study clearly shows that the best effect was recorded by supplying the plants with poultry manure(8 tons + NPK nutrients (50 kg ammonium nitrate 33.5% + 200 kg superphosphate 15.5% + 50 kg potassium Sulphate 48%).

In order to evaluate the effects of different combinations of cadmium and FYM on growth parameters, yields and quality parameters of semi rabi sorghum (var. Gundari), a pot experiment was conducted at Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh. The treatments comprising of different five levels of cadmium viz., 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1 and three levels of farmyard manure viz., 0, 10 and 20 t ha-1 in Completely Randomization Design (Factorial) repeated thrice. The result revealed that higher value of growth, yield and quality parameters were achieved in treatment Cd0 (0 mg Cd kg-1) and decreased with increasing levels of Cd from 0 to 80 mg kg-1. The highest values of growth, yield and quality parameters were achieve under the application of 20 t FYM ha-1 (F20). Among all treatment combinations, the highest values of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, dry leaves, dry stem, dry root yield, green forage yield and dry matter yield were observed with treatment combination F20Cd0. However, interaction effect of Cd and FYM was found non-significant with respect to quality parameters viz., crude protein, crude fiber and ash content of sorghum at harvest.

Consolidated utilization of organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve crop productivity and improve soil condition. Investigation research was carried out with an objective to examine the impact of usage of farmyard manure in combination with three levels of chemical fertilizers [80: 40: 30, 120: 60: 45 and 160: 80: 60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively] on yield and yield ingredients of irrigated lowland rice. Split-plot design experiment was used during the dry season with and without farmyard manure as main plots and three inorganic fertilizer levels as subplots. Data were collected on grain and straw yield, number of tillers, panicle length, filled grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight and nutrient uptake. The results revealed that application of farmyard manure at 10 t ha-1 increased grain yield of rice by 25% compared to no farmyard manure control. Close examinations were also obtained on straw yield, tiller number, filled grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight. There were significant relationships between farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments. The advantageous impacts of use of farmyard manure were not magnified at growth rates of use of inorganic fertilizers. However, the highest grain yield of rice was gotten with the application of farmyard manure at 10 tha-1 and inorganic fertilizer at 120: 60 : 45 kg N, P2 O5 and K2O ha-1. The rise in grain yield was due mainly to intense nutrient uptake and number of tillers, filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight.

Comparative analysis of organic farming practices among farmers in South-South, Nigeria, was carried out. A review of previous studies on organic farming practices showed that little effort has been made by researchers to capture South-South agricultural zone. There is scarcely any empirical data on organic farming practices used by crop, livestock, and fish farmers in the study area. This has created a gap in knowledge which the outcome of this study intends to bring out. This study did not only determine whether there is difference in organic farming practices among farmers in the different states under study but assessed the farmers level of awareness and use of organic farming practices, and relationship between the level of use of organic farming practices and the farmers’ socio-economic characteristics. Multistage random selection technique was used to select rural household farmers engaged in fish, livestock, and crop production. A sample of four hundred and eighty farmers was used. Organic farming practices among crop farmers included the use of farmyard manure ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.79), inter cropping ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.58), mulching ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.50), and spot bush burning ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.50). The organic farming practices among livestock farmers were access to fresh drinking water ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.77) and adequate feeding ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.65). Fish farmers engaged in the use of three organic practices: eco-friendly design ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.56), site being far from polluting substances ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.57) and pond protection from predators ( $$ \overline{x} $$ = 2.70). There were significant differences in the farmers’ level of use of organic farming practices based on their states of origin (Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, and Delta). Education, age, and income were the socio-economic determinants of the level of use of organic farming practices. It was concluded that farmers’ in Akwa Ibom state engaged more in the use of organic farming practices, followed by Bayelsa state and the least is Delta state.

Yield performance of Basmati varieties bred for unconventional areas were assessed under integrated nutrient management. A two-year study conducted in split plot design involving two varieties and ...

The study evaluates the effect of two traditional horticulture treatments mentioned in Vrikshayurveda, a text from ancient India on the science of plant life, namely Kunapa jala (KJ) and Pancha gavya (PG) on the production of Withaferin A (WFA), withanolide A (WIA) and Withanolide B (WIB) in Withania somnifera (L) Dunal. Leaves and roots of W. somnifera were collected from different treated groups viz. control, KJ, PG, farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). Reverse phase ultra-flow liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) method was developed, validated for simultaneous detection of WFA, WIA and WIB. Statistical analysis of data was performed by ANOVA and tested for significance by the Dunnett multiple comparison test and data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results revealed, leaves possessed highest WFA content and roots possessed highest content of WIA and WIB. PG treated leaves were observed highest WFA (18.29 mg/g) and roots were observed highest WIA (19.63 mg/g) and WIB (1.36 mg/g). Conclusively, RP-UFLC method for simultaneous detection of withanolides has been developed and validated to evaluate the effect of traditional horticulture treatments. It is concluded that the enhanced production of withanolides can be achieved by the application of PG when compared to NPK application.

A field experiment was carried out in Tahtay Koraro district of Northwestern zone of Tigray from October 2017 to April 2018, to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of onion. The experiment consisted of four levels of FYM (Farmyard manure) as 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1 and four levels of inorganic N as 0, 34.5, 69 and 103.5 kg ha−1 factorially arranged in RCB design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of N, FYM as well as their interactions significantly (P −1 and 34.72 t ha−1 were obtained at combinations of 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 30 t FYM ha−1 and 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 20 t FYM ha−1 respectively. However, the lowest marketable bulb yield of 13.88 t ha−1 was obtained from the unfertilized plot. Moreover, the highest marginal rate of return was obtained at combined application of 103.5 kg N ha−1 and 10 t FYM ha−1 and thus can be recommended for onion production in the study area.

The article is describing the application of one of the main principles for achieving sustainable development in agriculture-integration of crop and animal husbandries. The balance of soil organic matter was determined according the amount of farmyard manure produced based on forages produced by the amount of milk cows in crop rotation. This approach should be used by farmers for the transition to a more sustainable agriculture.

A study was carried out to assess the effect of integrated Farmyard Manure (FYM) and inorganic NP fertilizers use on yield and soil properties in Bako-Tibe district of Oromia, western Ethiopia. Five treatments (i.e., 110 kg N ha-1 + 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T1), 12 ton FYM ha-1 (T2) , 55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T3), 27.5kg N ha-1 + 11.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T4) and the control (T5)) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications using five farmers’ fields. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis was performed to compare treatments advantages. The treatment with half the recommended NP (55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1) showed superior plant growth performance as compared to other treatments. Pure use of inorganic NP resulted in high Na, K, Ca and P composition of grain while pure FYM use resulted in high content of Mg and Ca composition. The level of P in grain decreased with the increasing of FYM. Soil fertility parameters considered showed no significance difference (P: 0.05) among the treatments. The mean difference values indicated that use of pure inorganic fertilizer increased soil PH, exchangeable Na, and available S. Use of pure farmyard manure resulted in an increase in the soil exchangeable Na, K, Mg, total Nitrogen, and available K and S. The use of half of the recommended inorganic fertilizer and FYM can enhance soil fertility in addition to yield improvement.

Bu çalışma, toprağa farklı dozlarda uygulanan ahır gübresinin, lahana bitkisinin (Brassica oleraceae L. var. capitata) bitki besin elementi içeriğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, olgunlaştırılan çiftlik gübresi 0, 20, 40 ve 60 t ha-1 dozlarında Typic Xerofluvent toprağa uygulanmış ve bu alanlarda lahana yetiştirilmiştir. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak planlanmış ve 2013 ile 2014 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucuna göre, yaprakların makro element konsantrasyonları incelendiğinde; ilk ve ikinci yıl için sırasıyla N % 1.49-2.35 ile % 1.70-2.51; P % 0.51-0.82 ile % 0.51-0.70; K % 4.50-6.98 ile % 4.30-5.00; Ca % 0.34-0.53 ile % 0.42-0.54 ve Mg ise %0.29-0.36 ile % 0.22-0.25 aralığında saptanmıştır. Mikro element konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimin ise ilk ve ikinci yıllarda sırasıyla Fe için 28.93-58.36 mg kg-1 ile 42.25-67.38 mg kg-1; Cu 1.62-2.95 mg kg-1 ile 3.18-3.85 mg kg-1; Zn 18.95-36.79 mg kg-1 ile 27.28-31.00 mg kg-1 ve Mn için ise 18.23-31.74 mg kg-1 ile 22.85-29.37 mg kg-1 aralığında değişim gösterdiği izlenmiştir. Genel olarak en yüksek bitki besin elementleri içeriği 60 t ha-1 uygulamasında belirlenmiştir.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of increasing pellet farmyard manure on mineral nutrition of rye (Secale cerale L.) plant. For this purpose, a pot experiment was established in greenhouse conditions with three replications. Five farmyard manure doses (FM0: 0 %, FM1: 4 %, FM2, 8 %, FM3: 12 % and FM4: 16 %) were applied to pots a month prior to sowing. Nitrogen (14 kg N da-1), phosphorus (8 kg P2O5 da-1 and potassium (5 kg K2O da-1) were applied to each pot from NH4NO3 and KH2PO4 fertilizers. Rye (Secale cerale L.) was harvested 60 day after planting and dry matter yield and some macro and micro element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of plants were determined. According to the results, significant increases of dry matter yield of plants were determined with increasing farmyard manure applications. Also, increasing farmyard manure application on N, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of rye (Secale cerale L.) were found statistically significant at the level of 5 %.

The effectiveness of organic manures (pig, poultry and farmyard manure, compost and vermicompost) as acid soil amendment for addressing Al toxicity and P deficiency was investigated using groundnut...

The objective of this study was to study the influence of three organic manures, farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PLM), and pigeon manure (PGM), on soil physical and chemical properties on t...

Application of organic amendments to soil is a frequent agricultural practice for avoiding the irreversible soil degradation. However, this practice could modify the behaviour of applied herbicide....

In this research was carried out to determine the effects of farmyard manure and green manure applications on some physical soil properties in an organic vegetable cultivation field. The effects of control (C), farmyard manure (FYM) (35 t ha-1) and green manure (GM) applications on some soil physical properties (Soil water characteristics (0.001, 0.1, 0.33, 1, 5, 10 and 15 bar), available water capacity, porosity and bulk density) were investigated for soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm and for two years. In the study at all tension values, the highest volumetric soil water content was obtained for FYM application and the lowest volumetric soil water content for C application. The highest total porosity with macro and micro porosity were found in the FYM application and the lowest total porosity with macro and micro porosity were found in the application C. The available water capacity was the highest in the GM application and the lowest in the C application. In addition, the highest bulk density was found in C application and the lowest bulk density was found in FYM application. These results showed that the effects of different organic material applications on soil physical properties are important.

Farmyard manure (FYM) – mixtures of animal droppings, crop residues, and fodder that are piled nearby homesteads – is a major nutrient source for smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, its application effect has not been fully understood on typical P-deficient soils in tropics and in particular under anaerobic conditions. This study assessed the effect of FYM on irrigated rice in relation to soil properties – oxalate-extractable P (POx), pH, and total C (TotC) – that are important indicators of soil P deficiency in the region. The first pot experiment was conducted with a factorial combination of FYM (0 and 20 g kg–1) and mineral P (0 and 100 mg kg–1) applications using six paddy soils differing in the aforementioned soil properties. The second pot experiment was conducted in a factorial combination of FYM and mineral P using the isotope dilution technique. In both experiments, the effect of FYM application on biomass and P uptake of rice per P applied was nearly equivalent to that of mineral P and was greater in soils with lower TotC and lower pH with negligible effect of POx. The isotope tracing suggested that the FYM application might increase rice P uptake by solubilizing non-labile P pools in soils while mineral P was directly used by rice from labile P pools. The results indicated that the FYM should be most effective in soils with low TotC and low pH, and its application could enable the use of insoluble P pools in soils and enhance P uptake of rice under P-deficient and anaerobic conditions.

Balanced nutrition based on soil test value is the key to sustain and improve soil productivity. Integrated management of organic, secondary and micronutrient inputs along with inorganic fertilizers in soils is required to prevent decline in soil fertility, crop productivity and sustainability. In present investigation is conducted to study the influence of farmyard manure (FYM), sulphur and zinc along with inorganic NPK fertilizers either alone or in combination on the nutrient availability in soil. Results revealed that use of FYM increased the organic carbon content and availability of nutrients over soil alone and soil treated with only inorganic fertilizers. Results further revealed that the beneficial effects of FYM got enhanced when it is applied along with S and Zn.