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The cultivation of local honeybees is one of the new alternative jobs for the local community in Badung Regency, Bali to survive their life during Covid-19. This research aims to identify and determine of development strategy and to evaluate the quality existing of honeybees. The total sample was used 50 respondents consisting of 22 members of beekeepers of the “Sarining Trigona Pertiwi” group, 4 samples from local government, 4 from related institution government, and 20 local people. The SWOT method is used to formulate appropriate strategies and IE matrix is to analyze the condition of the honeybee-tourism strategy. The results of the analysis showed that internal factors have a total value of 3.20, with the highest factor being strategic partners in product innovation development. External factor analysis has a total value of 2.88 with the highest factor being increasingly diverse product diversification. Based on the IE matrix, tourism in quadrant IV shows the potential development of honeybees in Badung Regency, Bali is in a position to grow and develop with the appropriate intensive and integrated strategy. Based on the SWOT matrix were obtained strategies to conduct socialization of the cultivation program, having a research program regularly, developing products based on consumer demand, collaborating with cooperatives and Banks in credit services, conducting marketing and good market expansion, making SOP in the process, manufacture and storage of products, government policies on reforestation and forest area protection, human resource training, preparing market analysis and strategies, alternative food sources for the honeybees, and increasing product development. However, the qualities of Tetragonula laevicep honeybees produced by the beekeeper of “Sarining Trigona Pertiwi” are still lower than Indonesia National Standard (SNI) therefore; need to increase the quality in the future.

Agricultural lands are gradually being contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) obtained from urbanization and human activities. Lead (Pb) is one of the major heavy metals easily enters into food cycle and causes different health abnormalities. So elimination of this dangerous heavy metal from surface water is crucial and in this regard phyto-extraction based phytoremediation is an environmentally safe procedure. Again, this removal process can be amplified through the use of plant growth regulators exogenously. With this aim, an experiment was conducted to know the efficiency of the use of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on phyto-extraction of Pb by an aquatic hyper-accumulator plant Ipomoea aquatica. The plants were grown hydroponically with 200ppm Pb treated with 200ppm IAA exogenous spray or mixed with Hoagland solution (HS) or both. The control treatment was HS supplemented with Pb. From the experiment, it was observed that control treatment causes a great reduction in growth parameters as the plants suffered from Pb stress. Treatment with Control + IAA (spray+dissolve), produced tallest plants, longest roots and maximum dry weight. On the other hand, these parameters were got declined in case of Pb treated plants (control). Maximum Pb were accumulated on root, stem followed by leaf for Control + IAA (spray+dissolve). Control treatment caused less Pb accumulation on plant parts. So, maximum bioaccumulation factor (BCF) in root, shoot and leaf were 35.87, 15.33 and 9.15 respectively for Control + IAA (spray+dissolve) treatment. In case of root to shoot translocation, the maximum translocation factor (TF) value (0.5118) was found for Control + IAA (spray) than other treatments. Again for shoot to leaf, the maximum TF value (0.6051) was for HS + HM treatment (Control) and minimum TF value (0.4469) was observed for Control + IAA (spray). From the study, it is confirmed that, exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) successfully assist Pb phyto-extraction from aquatic bodies and Ipomoea aquatica is a potential heavy metal hyper-accumulating plant.

Aloe-buni is a functional drink of Aloe vera gel and buni fruit extract, containing fiber and antioxidants that are beneficial to health. Processing of Aloe-buni powder drinks using the foam mat drying method requires arabic gum filler to form powder. The drying temperature also greatly affects the manufacture of powdered drinks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gum arabic concentration and drying temperature on the characteristics of Aloe-buni powdered drink. This study used a two-factor factorial plan, namely the concentration of arabic gum filler material 10%, 20%, 30% and drying temperature consisting of 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. The results showed that the concentration of gum arabic and the drying temperature were different from the characteristics of the Aloe-buni powdered drink. The best characteristics of Aloe-buni powdered drink were obtained of a concentration 30% arabic gum and a heating temperature of 40°C, as for a pH value of 4.30; total dissolve solid 41.33°Brix; color a* 4.86; moisture content 5.61%; solubility 98.56%; antioxidant activity 7.46%; and vitamin C 66.06 mg/100g.

Food waste (FW) is one of the main problems in the world due to the continuous increase in the global population. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of FW was an alternative and economical solution to develop an effective method to enhance biomethane (BioM) production that uses enzyme pretreatment and hydrolysis of FW by locally produced cellulase and amylase enzymes. In this study, two types of sources fungi (TNAF-1 to TNFA-3) and (TNBC-1 to TNBC-3) strains were isolated from animal feed and compost. The cellulase and amylase activities were 300U/mL & 400U/mL, respectively. Based on OFAT results obtained, optimization of three factors such as pH of 5, TS of 12.5% (V/V) and enzyme loading of 80U/mL was carried out by applying the FCCCD under the RSM to develop a second-order regression model successful improvement in the production of reducing sugar of 162mg/mL was achieved. However, biogas yield was optimum using OFAT parameters such as the biogas inoculum of 25%, pH of 7, AD digestion times of 29 days, 500mL of hydrolysate food waste and room temperature at 30°C (±2). The results show the biogas contained was found such %3 hydrogens, 57% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. The new fungi are very potential for upgrading the biogas of BioM that is non-toxic as well as biodegradable, and therefore may be encouraging to the water treatment plants in future applications.

This course-based research study explored CYC students’ thinking about the relationship between hair, self-perception, and identity. It focuses on CYC students for two reasons. First, the ability to form meaningful relationships with youth of many different cultural backgrounds and diverse lifestyles is an essential skill of CYC practitioners. Second, CYC students are encouraged to engage in discovery learning aimed at uncovering their unrecognized assumptions, cultural biases, attitudes, assumptions, stereotypes, prejudices, and privileges to ensure respect for the dignity of every person, regardless of their unique characteristics. Data was collected through online interviews and an arts-based activity. From the data analysis, the following four main themes were extracted: a) the power of hair as a symbol of beauty, b) the relationship between hair and self-esteem, c) hair oppression is real, and d) changing hair styles and life transitions. The findings of this course-based study support the existing literature on the significance of hair as a signifier of culture, identity, resistance, and social inclusion.

Anthropogenic and industrial activities triggering an alteration on the natural cadmium and nitrogen cycle are deliberated on as one among the most vital environmental concerns. Water quality index (WQI) and skewness, nitrate was 8.37 ± 1.014 in dry season and 3087.87 ± 1.150 for wet season, but cadmium was 0 ± 1.559 in wet season and zero all through the sunny period. Equating results with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, it discovered that nitrate was low throughout both seasons whereas cadmium was 90% above permissible during rainy season, but 100% within limit throughout arid season. The water- physiques in all sites at Ikpoba River in both seasons revealed low disparities (< 20%) with positive linear relationship (R 0.922 ≥ 0.211) for nitrate and (R 0 ≤ 089) for cadmium in dry and wet seasons respectively. What’s more, site 1 in the wet season, and all sites in dry season, exhibited no significant dissimilarities (p >0.05) between them, but others indicated significant dissimilarity (p

The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of climate-smart agro-technologies and efficient post-harvest operations in changing weather conditions in Nigeria. Agriculture, which is the mainstay of most rural families in Nigeria, has faced several problems in recent times as a result of variety of factors such as post-harvest losses, climate change fluctuations, and high poverty level resulting in poor agricultural outputs and low income. Empirical studies have indicated that food production and income growth of farming households would be worse-off, if climate change is not properly mitigated. The combination of climate-smart agro-technologies and effective post-harvest management operations in this era of unfavorable climatic condition and post-harvest losses has become imperative. Climate smart agriculture consists of a three-win approach; for long-term food supply and security. It also comprises of three important goals such as mitigation, adaptation, and increased production. Agro-climate smart technologies includes solar energy techniques for drying agricultural product, green house technology for cultivation, climate resilient storage structures for storing harvested grains, and climate smart waste usage for agricultural waste management. Efficient post-harvest management operations such as proper harvesting, sun-drying, threshing, processing, packaging, and transportations were also explored. This study advocated the adoption of climate smart agro- technologies and efficient post-harvest management operations as an alternative measures for increased food production and farm income in the face of changing weather and climatic conditions. How to Cite: Anosike F. C., Obasi I. O., Nwachukwu E. U., Obi J. N., Orji J. E., Inyang P., Chinaka I. C., Osang E. A., Iroegbu C. S., Nzeakor F. C., Onu S. E., 2023. "Integration of Climate Smart Agro-Technologies and Efficient Post- Harvest Operations in Changing Weather Conditions in Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 281-292.

Among the most important pests of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) is Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier, 1845 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) which causes damage to the plant, decreased performance and economic losses, with chemical products being the main control method. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Ricinus communis and Capsicum frutensis combined with two entomopathogenic fungi; one commercial and one native to Puebla-Mexico, alternated with the application of soap, in laboratory and field conditions. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the compatibility of aqueous extracts with the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 % in conidia, in addition, six treatments with five repetitions were tested in a randomized block experimental design in the field. Los bioensayos de laboratorio presentaron diferencias significativas en el desarrollo micelial y tasa de crecimiento, donde se observó un estímulo positivo en el crecimiento de M. anisopliae por parte de los extractos vegetales. In the field, the H+Ch+M treatment registered the least damage (12.9%), least infestation (1.1%) and best seed production (1,353.7 kg/Ha). The effect of aqueous extracts combined with M. anisopliae, alternated with soap applications, proved to be an effective strategy in the integrated management of Sphenarium purpurascens, in amaranth cultivation in Puebla, Mexico.

No abstract

This study analyzed farmers’ adaptation strategies to the effect of climate variation on yam production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected with the aid of questionnaire and interview schedule from 240 yam farmers using multi-stage random sampling techniques. Primary data were collected with the aid of questionnaire and interview schedule; while secondary data were collected from Nigerian Institute of Metrological Agency in Ebonyi State and Metrological station of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Result shows that environmental factors such aslate rainfall (x=3.0), high temperature (x=3.0) and high relative humidity (x=2.9) were accepted because they scored above the decision point of 2.5. Majority (45.42%) of the respondents were aware of changes in environmental factors through radio programmes and announcements.Further analysis revealed that majority (37.50%) and (36.25%) of the yam farmers in Ebonyi State adopted mixed cropping and improved farming techniques, respectively as their major adaptation strategies.coefficient of multiple determination an R2 of 0.553 or 55.3 percent; which implied that about 55.3 percent of the fluctuations in the output of yams were explained by the changes in explanatory variables contained in the regression model. Rainfall (X1) was negatively signed and statistically insignificant. Temperature (X2) was positively signed. Sunshine (X3)waspositively and significantly signed; while relative humidity (X4) bore a negative sign. The null hypothesis tested was rejected at 5%level of significance since F-cal (3.089) was greater than F-tab (2.14). This study had shown that climatic factors significantly influenced yam production in Ebonyi State. Based on the findings of this study,it wasrecommended that the socio-economic status of the yam farmers should be enhanced to enable them afford and adopt proven measures that would mitigate environmental factors; all available sources of information on environmental factors should be embraced and enhanced for fast spread of information to the farmers; extension agents who are in close touch with the yam farmers should be trained on interpretation of weather forecasts so as to disseminate same to their farmers among others. How to Cite: Chukwu Victor A., Osuafor Ogonna Olive, Ukwuaba Ikenna, Enyigwe Juliet, Chinenye Chinaza Priscilia, 2023. "Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to the Effect of Climate Variation on Yam Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 240-249.

he majority of rural poor in this country, as in most developing countries including Nepal, is dependent upon agriculture. In spite of sugarcane is a major economic crop, Nepalese sugarcane growers are getting problem day by day. The study was undertaken to analyze the viewpoints, attitudes, and perspectives of sugarcane growers on sugarcane cultivation and management among Nepalese farmers. The cognitive behavioral theory was applied to better understand how farmers’ behaviors and decision-making are influenced by their ideas, thoughts, and attitudes towards the industry. The study is based on explanatory research design and collected primary data using structured questionnaire. Following probability sampling techniques, cluster sampling is used to select 280 sugarcane farmers from at ward no. 3,8,9, and 10 of Kabilashi Municipality, a most sugarcane growers in Sarlahi. Data collection was made using kobo toolbox and observation methods. The Binary Logistic Model was used for analyzing farmers’ perspectives on sugarcane management. Results indicate that (80%) sugarcane growers are not getting paid on time and in full. Similarly, the logit model revealed that farmers are well aware of sugarcane management since factors were found to be statistically significant at a desirable probability level in the logit model. The study concludes that although Nepal has a lot of potential to enhance sugarcane production, but the full potential has not yet been fully realized. In this context, the findings of this research will be beneficial for the Ministry of Agriculture, policymakers, and the government to understand the challenges and issues faced by sugarcane growers and to develop policies and solutions to address these issues. How to Cite: Niranjan Devkota, Alika Kumari, Sahadeb Upretee, Devid Kumar Basyal, Surendra Mahato, Deependra Karki, Udaya Raj Paudel, Seeprata Parajuli, Krishna Dhakal, 2023. "Farmers’ Perspectives on Sugarcane Management in Nepal: Empirical Evidence from Logistic Regression Model." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 222-232.

The study examined the ethical dimension and divergence of climate change; an approach to climate change morality which has raised imminent concerns and propositions. People’s attitudes, behaviours, wrong perceptions and involvement in unhealthy acts engenders climate change; hence putting our ecosystems, environment and biodiversity in danger. Considering the excesses and negative impacts of climate change, various stakeholders involving governments, corporations, NGOs, groups, and individuals are taking practical steps in addressing climate change issues, by considering the ethical and moral implications. However, addressing these disturbances draws strength and energy from right motives and guided behavioral approaches. In as much as financial remunerations is required in counterbalancing climate change, human behaviors and attitudes are the best bet and offers a lasting solution. Consequently, globally climate justice and environmental justice are currently being deployed as ethical weapons in addressing global warming. This hopes to provide fresh perspectives on climate change ethics and modifications. it is recommended that orientations, seminars, workshops, symposiums and climate change conferences bothering on ethics, morality and responsibility should be provided at all levels of the socio-strata by various governments of nations to reposition the mind and mindset of the individuals, group of persons and the populace. How to Cite: Osuji E. E., Onyemauwa C. S., Obasi I. O., Nwachukwu E. U., Olaolu M. O., Obi J. N., Nkwocha G. A., Nzeakor F. C., Ifejimalu A. C. T., Iroegbu C. S., Osang E. A., Inyang P., 2023. " Ethical Dimension and Divergence of Climate Change; An Approach to Climate Change Morality." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 211-221.

Nutritional quality, a value added measure has recently been emphasized as an important consideration in the production of commercially available fruit juices in order to promote health and wellness of the consumers. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the nutritional value of a laboratory produced mixed fruit juice using fresh samples of water melon, Citrullus lanatus; grape, Citrus paradisi and sweet orange, Citrus sinensis, under strict cleanliness. The microbiological assessment of fruit juices was carried out and raw untreated fruit juices were all coliform free. The mixed fruit juice had a pH value of 4.31, acidity; 5.30 g/ kg tartaric acid; specific gravity of 1.06 and organoleptic values (low), respectively. Pasteurization for 30 min at 75 0C with added 40 ppm of sodium metabisulphite apparently optimized the product, being highly microbiologically stable. On the basis of combined favourable organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological properties, this product could be suggested suitable for human consumption and therefore, recommended for commercial purposes. How to Cite: Agunbiade Shadrach Oludare, Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole, Mabayoje Samson Olatunde, Ogunleye Omotola, Jaiyesimi Kikelomo Folake, 2023. "Assessment of Nutritional Quality and Physico-Chemical Properties of Semi-Commercially Produced Mixed Fruit Juice From Citrullus lanatus, Citrus sinensis and Citrus paradise." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 205-210.