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This study determined the importance of utilizing potato in producing granular products as an alternative diet for diabetic patients. The production and sensory evaluation of granular like product made from the yellow variety of sweet potatoes towards health improvement of diabetic patients formed the premise on which this work is based. Experimental research design was adopted to obtain Four (4) samples of cassava and sweet potato granules. The sensory properties of the products were evaluated using sensory analysis method and analysis was done using Analysis of variance (ANOVA).The sensory evaluation results showed that the garri made from cassava and sweet potato in the ratio (50%:50%)) was similarly rated with the garri made from 100 % cassava for all the quality attributes assessed. This result thus implies that sweet potato can traditionally be added to cassava for quality garri production to help diabetes patients reduce unnecessary restrictions in their diets.

Addisu Tadesse Sahile,1 Tennyson Mgutshini,2 Solomon Muluken Ayehu3 1Department of Public Health, Unity University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; 3Department of Emergency, Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Addisu Tadesse Sahile Tel +2519 1209 6667Email sahdis91@gmail.comObjective: The study assessed the oral health screening status of diabetes patients and its associated factors in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, 2018.Patients and Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 388 diabetes patients selected on the bases of a systematic random sampling method from March to May 2018 at two selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data were collected with a pre-tested, structured, and translated questionnaire. Bi-variable and multivariable logistics regression were undertaken to identify predictors of oral health screening among diabetes with their respective 95% CI and a p-value of less than 5% level of significance.Results: The oral health screening status among diabetes patients in this study was 21.1%. The odds of having had an oral health screening was 82.4% higher in those with an educational status of college and above than those who cannot read and write and it was ten and five folds higher in participants with a monthly income of less than 750 birr than those with above 2,000 birr and those who brushed their tooth twice or more times a day than occasionally, respectively. The odds of having had an oral health screening was 17, four, and five folds higher among participants with perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and benefit, respectively, whilst it was 8.8% lower in participants with a perceived barrier and it was as high as 19.782 times among participants with malocclusion.Conclusion: A lower level of oral health screening was observed. A higher educational level, a lower monthly income, a higher frequency of tooth brushing per day, positive perceptions of susceptibility, severity, and benefits, and presence of malocclusions were statistically associated with a higher frequency of oral health screening. Concerned bodies were recommended to work on the identified predictors and improve the oral health screening of diabetes patients.Keywords: oral health screening, diabetes patients, associated factors

Addisu Tadesse Sahile,1 Tennyson Mgutshini,2 Solomon Muluken Ayehu3 1Department of Public Health, Unity University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; 3Department of Emergency, Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Addisu Tadesse Sahile Tel +2519 1209 6667Email sahdis91@gmail.comObjective: The study assessed the oral health screening status of diabetes patients and its associated factors in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, 2018.Patients and Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 388 diabetes patients selected on the bases of a systematic random sampling method from March to May 2018 at two selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data were collected with a pre-tested, structured, and translated questionnaire. Bi-variable and multivariable logistics regression were undertaken to identify predictors of oral health screening among diabetes with their respective 95% CI and a p-value of less than 5% level of significance.Results: The oral health screening status among diabetes patients in this study was 21.1%. The odds of having had an oral health screening was 82.4% higher in those with an educational status of college and above than those who cannot read and write and it was ten and five folds higher in participants with a monthly income of less than 750 birr than those with above 2,000 birr and those who brushed their tooth twice or more times a day than occasionally, respectively. The odds of having had an oral health screening was 17, four, and five folds higher among participants with perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and benefit, respectively, whilst it was 8.8% lower in participants with a perceived barrier and it was as high as 19.782 times among participants with malocclusion.Conclusion: A lower level of oral health screening was observed. A higher educational level, a lower monthly income, a higher frequency of tooth brushing per day, positive perceptions of susceptibility, severity, and benefits, and presence of malocclusions were statistically associated with a higher frequency of oral health screening. Concerned bodies were recommended to work on the identified predictors and improve the oral health screening of diabetes patients.Keywords: oral health screening, diabetes patients, associated factors

Background and AimsThe self-management behavior of patients with diabetes involves a complex set of actions involving medication therapy, lifestyle changes, and management of complications in the daily routine. Our study aims to explore adherence to self-management behaviors by patients with type 2 diabetes and the potential factors influencing those behaviors.MethodsThis qualitative study used semi-structured interviews conducted with patients who have type 2 diabetes and who were recruited from the department of endocrinology in a tertiary teaching hospital. Data were analyzed thematically using the interview framework.ResultsOverall, 28 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited and interviewed. Three types of medication noncompliance behaviors were coded. In particular, blindly optimistic attitudes toward the condition in younger patients who had a short duration of diabetes and fear of or pain from medication therapy were key influencing factors. Irregular monitoring and missed follow-up visits were the most frequently mentioned noncompliance behaviors. Poor understanding of blood glucose monitoring, selective ignorance due to pressure of uncontrolled blood glucose, and blindly optimistic attitudes were also identified as key influencing factors. Dietary behaviors were characterized by an overemphasis on the amount of food in the diet and the preference or declination for particular types of food; ignorance of the dietary structure was present. Misconceptions about dietary and exercise practices were the main types of lifestyles’ noncompliance.ConclusionOur study showed the complex picture of noncompliance with self-management behaviors by patients with type 2 diabetes. Noncompliance covered disordered and arbitrary changes in medication therapy, blood glucose monitoring with poorest adherence, lifestyle modifications and complication management. The study findings identify clear challenges to self-management behavior and identify potential key influencing factors. Future interventions and strategies should aim to help patients translate healthcare provider’s information and instructions into action that improve compliance.

Quality of life (QoL) is considered one of the measures of health outcomes. Limited research studies have assessed family caregivers’ QoL, especially among patients diagnosed with chronic disease. This study measures the QoL of caregivers who guardian patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and/or other diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were primary caregivers who were supporting, in the last six months, individuals diagnosed with one of the previously mentioned chronic diseases. This included caregivers of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 2021 to July of the same year (n = 1081); all participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment tool (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Caregivers of patients with cancer reported the highest mean level of QoL, followed by diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, then other different diseases (M = 3.80; M = 3.38; M = 3.37; and M = 2.51, respectively). A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relationship between the QoL of the four groups and their behaviors (i.e., caregivers’ psychological onuses and physical actions/reactions). The relation between these variables was significant, X2 (3, n = 1081) = 8.9, p = 0.001. The Kruskal–Wallis test indicated significant differences among the four groups (p ≤ 0.001). While the overall results of the QoL level of participants were low, a major recommendation of this study was to incorporate a QoL assessment to caregivers of chronically ill patients. Regular psychological and physical health check-ups of caregivers should be mandated in the healthcare system. Research studies should consider investigating and identifying the factors affecting health outcomes and positive developments which have a great impact on the wellbeing of both caregivers and patients on personal, organizational, and national levels.

Purpose: The ‘Outcomes & Multi-morbidity in Type 2 Diabetes’ (OMIT) is an observational registry-based cohort of Norwegian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) established to study high-risk groups often omitted from randomised clinical trials. Participants: The OMIT cohort includes 57 572 patients with T2D identified via linkage of Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults and the Rogaland-Oslo-Salten-Akershus-Hordaland study, both offering data on clinical patient characteristics and drug prescriptions. Subsequently these data are further linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database for dispensed medications, the Norwegian Population Register for data on death and migration, Statistics Norway for data on socioeconomic factors and ethnicity and the Norwegian Directorate of Health for data on the general practices and clinical procedures involved in the care of cohort patients. OMIT offers large samples for key high-risk patient groups: (1) young-onset diabetes (T2D at age 75 years) (n=15 540), (3) non-Western ethnic minorities (n=9000) and (4) low socioeconomic status (n=20 500). Findings to date: On average, patient age and diabetes duration is 67.4±13.2 and 12.3±8.3 years, respectively, and mean HbA1c for the whole cohort through the study period is 7.6%±1.5% (59.4±16.3mmol/mol), mean body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure is 30.2±5.9 kg/m2 and 135±16.1/78±9.8mm Hg, respectively. Prevalence of retinopathy, coronary heart disease and stroke is 10.1%, 21% and 6.7%, respectively. Future plans: The OMIT cohort features 5784 subjects with T2D in 2006, a number that has grown to 57 527 in 2019 and is expected to grow further via repeated linkages performed every third to fifth year. At the next wave of data collection, additional linkages to Norwegian Patient Registry and Norwegian Cause of Death Registry for data on registered diagnoses and causes of death, respectively, will be performed. The first phase of linkages was funded by the University of Oslo. Currently, senior researchers and one postdoctoral position (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL), Norway) are funded by their home institutions The cohort is also funded by The Norwegian Diabetes Association (Diabetesforbundet) and the Norwegian Research Fund for General Practice (Allmennmedisinsk forskningsfond), with the latter also funding one PhD-student (University of Oslo (UiO), Norway).

Recently, it was estimated that visual problems affecting individuals aged above 50 years account for more than 80% of blindness in world. Eye care facilities in general are underutilized as evident by studies reporting that almost half of persons with visual loss did not have eye checks in the preceding 5 years. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health problem worldwide. This study aims to assess and determine the awareness of patients with DM about need of periodic eye checkups and their awareness of retinal involvement. This is a cross sectional study done in medical outpatient clinic from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2018. A total of 341 patients with DM were selected randomly and filled a questionnaire about the following variables: gender, age, type of DM, educational level, duration of diabetes, awareness of eye involvement, awareness of need of regular eye exam, current diabetes treatment, method to monitoring diabetes control, last time of eye examination, and also assessed the source of awareness. Statistical analysis done by SPSS 22. A total of 341 patients were included in the study, the mean age was 54 ± 6 years old, mean duration of diabetes was 6.6 ± 4.3 years, mean level of Hb A1c was 7.97 ± 1.3. Female patients were 54.3%, 85% of patients were with type 2 diabetes, and educational level of patients was 35.2% with university and 41.6% secondary school degree. There was significant association between awareness of retinal involvement in diabetes and duration of diabetes, education level and age groups, there was significant association between awareness for need of regular eye exams and duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, education level and age groups. Awareness of diabetics toward regular eye checkup is low despite the high knowledge of the presence of eye complications in DM. In addition, there was a problem of how and when to do examination, which was more in patients with longer duration of DM, and more in type 2 DM, education level is a major determinant of awareness. Most of the patients derive their knowledge from their physicians.eng

Introduction: Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) measured in urine collected at home after a meal has been shown to correlate strongly with stimulated blood C-peptide in European populations. This association and the clinical utility of UCPCR in a sub-Saharan African clinical setting has not been described before. We aimed to assess the performance of UCPCR as a measure of endogenous insulin secretion in Cameroon.Methods: UCPCR was measured on two separate days before and after a standard mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT), after lunch and after supper in 14 patients with diabetes and 14 healthy control individuals. Blood C-peptide was measured serially during a standard 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) every 30 minutes, on a separate day. The primary outcome was the correlation between stimulated blood C-peptide levels and post-meal UCPCR values.Results: stimulated blood C-peptide was significantly lower in participants with diabetes vs controls; median (IQR) 719 (110-999) pmol/l vs 1080 (934-1820) pmol/l, p=0.04. Fasting and post-MMTT UCPCR correlated strongly with stimulated blood C-peptide measurement in participants with diabetes (r= 0.71, p= 0.005) and (r=0.71, p=0.004) respectively. Post-meal UCPCR showed a moderate or poor correlation with stimulated blood C-peptide levels (supper r=0.56, p=0.04, lunch r=0.31, p=0.29). In participants without diabetes, UCPCR showed no relationship with stimulated blood C-peptide (supper r= -0.03, p=0.92, lunch r= -0.06, p=0.83). Conclusion: these results suggest that post-meal UCPCR performs less well in this population compared to European populations and may not be useful to assess endogenous insulin secretion in participants without diabetes in Cameroon.

Pravica do socialne varnosti, ki je pravica ustavne kategorije, se v Sloveniji uresničuje prek sistema socialnih zavarovanj, med katera sodita tudi obvezno zdravstveno zavarovanje in zavarovanje za starševsko varstvo. V magistrskem diplomskem delu pravico do socialne varnosti predstavljam z vidika oseb s sladkorno boleznijo. Največ pravic lahko sladkorni bolniki uveljavljajo iz naslova obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, ki ga urejajo Zakon o zdravstvenem varstvu in zdravstvenem zavarovanju ter Pravila obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja. Sladkorni bolniki lahko večino medicinskih pripomočkov, ki jih potrebujejo za zdravljenje in vodenje sladkorne bolezni, prejmejo v celoti v breme obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, prav tako so v celoti kriti tudi stroški zdravljenja in rehabilitacije razvitih oblik sladkorne bolezni ter stroški za zdravila s pozitivne liste, ki so potrebna za zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni. Iz naslova obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja lahko osebe s sladkorno boleznijo uveljavljajo še nekatere druge pravice, ki ne pripadajo samo sladkornim bolnikom, ampak so vezana tudi na druga zdravstvena stanja. Družine z otroki, ki so sladkorni bolniki, lahko uveljavljajo nekatere pravice na podlagi zavarovanja za starševsko varstvo prav zaradi sladkorne bolezni otroka, poleg tega pa je družina, v kateri je otrok s sladkorno boleznijo, upravičena tudi do družinskega prejemka - dodatka za nego otroka, ki potrebuje posebno nego in varstvo. The right to social security is a right that falls into constitutional category. In Slovenia it is implemented through a system of social insurances, which, among others, also include obligatory health insurance and parental care insurance. In this master thesis, I present the right to social security from the perspective of people with diabetes. Patients with diabetes can exercise most of their rights on the ground of Health Care and Health Insurance Act and Rules on Compulsory Health Insurance. Diabetes patients can obtain most of medical aids needed for diabetes treatment and handling free of charge and covered in full by obligatory health insurance. The same applies for medical treatment expenses and rehabilitation after developed diabetes forms as well as for the drugs from the so-called positive list that are necessary for diabetes treatment. According to obligatory health insurance, persons with diabetes can additionally exercise certain other rights that do not only apply to patients with diabetes, but relate to other health conditions, too. Families with children who have diabetes can exercise specific rights based on parental health insurance specifically due to diabetes in their children. A family with a child who has diabetes is furthermore entitled to a family allowance, namely, a childcare allowance.

The following dissertation illustrates, from various professional perspectives, how our public health care could be optimised through more intensive cooperation and integration of dentistry and medicine. The foundation and starting point for this work is presented on the basis of relevant literature, from a public health care perspective. In addition to the theoretical literature elaboration, qualitative, guided expert interviews were also conducted. The methodical evaluation of these discussions took place, following the qualitative content analysis, according to Mayring, using the evaluation MAXQDA 12 programme. The results of the expert interviews provide an insight into the organisation and handling of the individual professions. Six dentists, six general practitioners, six representatives of care facilities, six institutions and six diabetes patients were interviewed. The results of the expert surveys provide an exciting impression of their respective daily work, from a large number of different perspectives. In addition to these anticipated results, experiences could also be gathered, which had not been considered at the outset. This thesis represents interdisciplinary findings and enriches the basis for discussion of possible action that could be taken within health services research on the above-mentioned topic. The dissertation is of interest to readers from the public health care sector as well as those from the dental, medical and nursing sectors.

The study assessed: (1) the prevalence of exclusive use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), exclusive use of modern medicine and combined use; (2) the factors associated with exclusive CAM use; and (3) the expenditure for CAM use among type-2 diabetes patients in rural Kerala. We surveyed 400 diabetes patients selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Exclusive CAM use was reported by 9%, exclusive modern medicine by 61% and combined use by 30%. Patients without any co-morbidity were four times, those having regular income were three times and those who reported regular exercise were three times more likely to use exclusive CAM compared with their counterparts. Expense for medicines was not significantly different for CAM compared with modern medicine both in government and private sector. Patients with any co-morbidity were less likely to use CAM indicating that CAM use was limited to milder cases of diabetes.

This research included a clinical study of cytidine deaminase activity in serum, which included of seven types of cancer patients involve larynx, lung, renal, bladder, sarcoma, prostate and seminomia and Thalassemia patients as well as, diabetes patients. The result showed through (115) cases of cancer patients an increase with a significant difference (P In addition to study of influence age and sex for healthy and patients on cytidine deaminase activity, that to find out decrease significant in advanced in years of healthy control, where as an increase activity of enzyme in males of patients larynx and lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although patients with diabetes may benefit from physical activity, few studies have examined sustained walking in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with sustained walking among managed care patients with diabetes. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational cohort study with questionnaires administered 2.5 years apart. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand nine hundred thirty-five patients with diabetes walking at least 20 minutes/day at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the likelihood of sustained walking, defined as walking at least 20 minutes/day at follow-up. We evaluated a logistic regression model that included demographic, clinical, and neighborhood variables as independent predictors of sustained walking, and expressed the results as predicted percentages. RESULTS: The absence of pain was linked to walking behavior, as 62% of patients with new pain, 67% with ongoing pain, and 70% without pain were still walking at follow-up (p=.03). Obese patients were less likely (65%) to sustain walking than overweight (71%) or normal weight (70%) patients (p=.03). Patients ≥65 years (63%) were less likely to sustain walking than patients between 45 and 64 (70%) or ≤44 (73%) years (p=.04). Only 62% of patients with a new comorbidity sustained walking compared with 68% of those who did not (p < .001). We found no association between any neighborhood variables and sustained walking in this cohort of active walkers. CONCLUSIONS: Pain, obesity, and new comorbidities were moderately associated with decreases in sustained walking. Whereas controlled intervention studies are needed, prevention, or treatment of these adverse conditions may help patients with diabetes sustain walking behavior. © 2008 Society of General Internal Medicine.