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O presente artigo teve por objetivo verificar a viabilidade financeira na utilização de energia renovável (placas fotovoltaicas) e na utilização de produtos ecologicamente corretos, que consumam menos água. O estudo foi aplicado numa área de utilização pública, qual seja um Porto Internacional de Cargas, onde estão dispostos diversos Orgãos Públicos, além de possuir trânsito contínuo de viajantes e veículos. Utilizou-se como metodologia para análise do investimento o modelo de Bertolini (2009), que foi adaptado para ser aplicado a uma instituição pública, além de entrevista, aplicação de questionário e revisão bilbiográfica. Como resultado, verificou-se a viabilidade financeira para a substituição e aquisição de equipamentos que gerem economia de água, bem como instalação de placas fotovoltaicas. Espera-se que o presente estudo possa auxiliar as demais instituições públicas na busca de medidas que racionalizem a utilização de recursos naturais, gerando energia e economizando dinheiro dos contribuintes.

El miedo al desabastecimiento alimentario durante la pandemia de covid- 19 reforzó la visibilidad del sector agrícola como una de las actividades esenciales para los Estados europeos. La situación de la mano de obra agrícola en Europa, en su mayoría compuesta por trabajadores migrantes procedentes de países del sur global, se convirtió en objeto de debate político, mediático y académico. Las investigaciones publicadas en este contexto nos muestran que la crisis sanitaria reforzó todavía más la precariedad de las condiciones de trabajo y vida de los jornaleros extranjeros. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, no se ha prestado la misma atención a cómo los trabajadores migrantes de la agricultura aprovecharon políticamente la centralidad pública que les otorgó la crisis de la covid-19. Tomando como caso de estudio cuatro regiones agroexportadoras de España, este trabajo analiza el ciclo de protestas y movilizaciones jornaleras entre junio y diciembre de 2020. Lo que demostramos en este artículo es cómo los trabajadores y sus organizaciones de apoyo consiguieron transformar la fuerte visibilidad pública durante la pandemia (compuesta de imágenes positivas y negativas de los jornaleros migrantes) en una ventana de oportunidad política para reclamar derechos y protestar por la situación de precariedad estructural en el sector.

Non-renewable energy sources (fossil and nuclear) are limited, both because of their finiteness and because of the ecological and social harm they cause. Renewable energy sources have very large flows in the biosphere. Nevertheless, the technological systems that capture them are not renewable and thus also have technological, ecological and social limitations. Although a good part of the scientific literature estimates that these limiting factors are small compared to the political and economic ones, it is shown here that this literature has been over-estimating the techno-sustainable capacity obtainable throughout this century, largely due to an implicit techno-optimism and a lack of systemic thinking. This potential could be on the order of between half and a quarter of current energy use, which given the necessary transition to renewable sources due to environmental problems points to a strong decrease in the energy matrix that sustains our societies on a global scale., Las fuentes de energía no renovables (fósiles y nucleares) están doblemente limitadas, tanto por su finitud como por los perjuicios ecológicos y sociales que causan. Las fuentes de energía renovable tienen flujos en la biosfera muy grandes, sin embargo, los sistemas tecnológicos que las captan no son renovables y por tanto tienen limitaciones tecnológicas, ecológicas y sociales también. Aunque una buena parte de la literatura científica ha venido estimando que estos factores limitantes son pequeños frente a los políticos y económicos, aquí se muestra que esta literatura ha venido sobreestimando la capacidad tecno-sostenible obtenible a lo largo del presente siglo, en buena medida por un tecno-optimismo implícito y una falta de pensamiento sistémico. Este potencial podría ser del orden de entre la mitad y la cuarta parte del uso actual de energía, lo que apunta, dada la necesaria transición hacia fuentes renovables por problemas ambientales, a un fuerte decrecimiento de la matriz energética que sostiene nuestras sociedades a escala global.

A foto sorridente caricaturada do presidente Getúlio Vargas acrescida do vocativo são analisados discursivamente, no conto: “Trabalhadores do Brasil”, de Wander Piroli (2016), sob o prisma de Mikhail Bakhtin (1987, 2003, 2004, 2010, 2013, 2016) e dos estudos bakhtinianos de Bezerra (2005); Castro (1997); Cereja (2005); Fiorin (2011) e nas contribuições de Orlandi (2011). Pelo dialogismo, pretende-se explorar os processos de sentido subjacentes no conto e a revelar pelo enunciado, através deste chamamento que iniciava seus discursos ”trabalhadores do Brasil” e os sorrisos marcados pelo poder político, quais os sentidos estão por trás deste discurso velado e polêmico que emerge com características bivocais da figura presidencial, à época, para realidade paralela de miséria dos personagens Zé e Maria, analisados no texto, centralmente. Transcurso situado na narrativa que parte dos conceitos de Tema e Significação, nos processos de Interação Verbal, Discurso Bivocal, em sua Unidade de Significação com contribuições pontuais biográficas do Presidente, a partir de Boris Fausto (2006), observando a dubiedade inscrita no discurso da narrativa e a compreendendo em seu elemento sócio-histórico pelo texto literário. Ao final, percebe-se nos entremeios o discurso do contexto sócio-político e cultural da época, desvelando o sentido implícito por trás desse sorriso irônico associado ao vocativo, constituído por traços bivocais, resultado dessa ligação interacional dialógica.

Poster Abstract

El uso de radicación UV en el rango 220-270 nm es muy adecuado para la desinfección de microorganismos y de virus presentes en el aire, y en superficies lisas y sin partículas. Se debe prestar especial atencial a las sombras producidas por cualquier objeto (incluso microscópico) que evite la llegada de la radiación sobre la superficie a desinfectar. La combinación con métodos tradicionales de desinfección es necesaria en zonas de alta contaminación.

In this paper we develop a SIR epidemiological model with parameters calculated according to existing data at the time of writing (24/03/2020); the data is from Italy, South Korea and Colombia, the model is then used to project the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic in Colombia for different scenarios using the data of population for the country and known initial conditions at the start of the simulation., Model has been proven incorrect by actual data

Final report of the five Working Group (WG) meetings have been held in the frame of Nanouptake during the whole duration of the Action

Understanding the process of Northeast Pará’s colonization and territorial formation becomes very important for interpretation of spatial phenomena that perpetuate themselves in this spatial context. Thereby, it is necessary to emphasize the strategic value that the territory of former district of Cintra (nowadays municipality of Maracanã) had in Bragantine Zone’s colonization process. Thus, this paper aims to show the main territorial dynamics responsible for the Maracanã’s territorial formation process, taking especially into account the transport system as a structuring means of spatial relations. Fort that, we used qualitative research that helped us about bibliographic survey, collecting public institutions data, as well as in the field works made in 2016 and 2017. This data allied to cartography tools and geoprocessing of images allowed the confections of cartographic representations, essential to analysis of this subject. Last, we concluded that in order to understand Northeast Pará’s spatial structuring and fragmentation process, especially in Bragantine Zone, we must consider local hegemonic agents intentionalities, who make constant socio-spatial changes according to their interests. A compreensão do processo de colonização e formação territorial do Nordeste Paraense, torna-se de suma importância para a interpretação de fenômenos espaciais que se perpetuam nesse contexto espacial. Desta forma deve-se enfatizar a valor estratégico que o território da extinta comarca de Cintra, atualmente município de Maracanã teve no processo de colonização da Zona Bragantina. Assim o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais dinâmicas territoriais responsáveis pelo processo de formação territorial de Maracanã, levando principalmente em consideração o sistema de transportes como meio estruturador das relações espaciais. Para anteder tal objetivo recorremos à pesquisa qualitativa que auxiliou no levantamento bibliográfico, na coleta de dados estatísticos de instituições públicas, e também na realização de trabalhos de campo nos períodos de 2016 e 2017, que aliados a cartografia e o geoprocessamento de imagens permitiram a confecções de representações cartográficas essências para a realização da análise e discussão do tema. Por fim chegou-se à conclusão de que para compreender os processos de fragmentação e estruturação espacial do Nordeste Paraense, em especial a zona bragantina, devemos considerar as intencionalidades dos agentes hegemônicos locais que realizam constantes modificações socioespaciais de acordo com seus interesses.

[Resumen]: El tributilo de estaño (TBT) es un compuesto organometálico que se ha empleado como biocida comercial en pinturas antiincrustantes para todo tipo de estructuras sumergidas. A pesar de las ventajas que suponen estas pinturas, el TBT causa distintos efectos deletéreos. Uno de los más conocidos es el imposex, que consiste en la masculinización de las hembras de ciertos gasterópodos, lo que interfiere negativamente en la reproducción. Por ello, la Unión Europea prohibió totalmente la comercialización y uso del TBT como biocida en 2003, y en el año 2008 fue prohibido a nivel global por la Organización Marítima Internacional. En esta revisión se ha analizado y comparado la evolución del grado de imposex en las costas de diferentes países europeos fijándonos en los períodos críticos. Se seleccionaron estudios sobre el gasterópodo marino Nucella lapillus con datos del indice de la Secuencia del Vaso Deferente (VDSI), que mide el grado de contaminación por TBT. Con los datos recopilados elaboramos diagramas de cajas y bigotes con los que analizar la evolución del imposex en cada país, así como un gráfico de barras para analizar la evolución a nivel europeo. Tras el análisis concluimos que las prohibiciones sobre el TBT fueron efectivas, ya que los niveles de imposex descendieron en todas las costas europeas. Sin embargo, al final de los registros la media de VDSI de todas las naciones (excepto Noruega) entra en un estancamiento, por lo que todavía no se han recuperado completamente. [Resumo]: O tributilo de estaño (TBT) é un composto organometálico que se utilizou como biocida comercial en pinturas antifouling para todo tipo de estruturas somerxidas. A pesar das vantaxes destas pinturas, o TBT provoca distintos efectos deletéreos. Un dos máis coñecidos é o imposex, que consiste na masculinización das femias de certos gasterópodos, o que interfire negativamente na reprodución. Por iso, a Unión Europea prohibiu a comercialización e o uso do TBT como biocida en 2003 e en 2008 foi prohibido a nivel mundial pola Organización Marítima Internacional. Nesta revisión analizouse e comparouse a evolución do grao de imposex nas costas de diferentes países europeos, fixándonos nos períodos críticos. Seleccionáronse estudos sobre o gasterópodo mariño Nucella lapillus con datos do indice da Secuencia do Vaso Deferente (VDSI), que mide o grao de contaminación por TBT. Cos datos recollidos, elaboramos diagramas de caixas e bigotes para analizar a evolución do imposex en cada país, así como un gráfico de barras para analizar a evolución a nivel europeo. Despois da análise, concluímos que as prohibicións sobre o TBT foron efectivas, xa que os niveis de imposex baixaron en tódalas costas europeas. Sen embargo, ao final dos rexistros, a media de VDSI de tódalas nacións (agás Noruega) entra nun estancamento, polo que aínda non se recuperaron completamente. [Abstract]: Tributyltin (TBT) is an organometallic compound that has been used as a commercial biocide in antifouling paints for all types of submerged structures. Despite the advantages of these paints, TBT causes different deleterious effects. One of the best known is the imposex, which consists of the masculinization of the females of certain gastropods, which negatively interferes with reproduction. Therefore, the European Union banned the commercialization and use of TBT as a biocide in 2003 and in 2008 it was banned globally by the International Maritime Organization. In this review we have analyzed and compared the evolution of the degree of imposex of Nucella lapillus on the coasts of different European countries focusing on the critical periods. Studies of Nucella lapillus, a marine gastropod, were selected. These studies contained data on the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI), which measures the degree of TBT contamination. With all the data we elaborate box and whiskers diagrams, as well as a bar chart about the European VDSI. With these figures we analyze the evolution of imposex in each country and in Europe. After the analysis, we conclude that the prohibitions on TBT were effective, since the levels of imposex dropped on all European coasts. However, at the end of the records the average of VDSI of all nations (except Norway) enters a stagnation, so they have not yet fully recovered. Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2018/2019

Célula foto-termoeléctrica primaria. La presente invención se refiere a una célula foto-termoeléctrica primaria componente de un generador termoeléctrico que comprende una lámina de material termoeléctrico y un recubrimiento espectralmente selectivo a la luz visible e infrarroja dicho recubrimiento configurado para calentar localmente la lámina de material termoeléctrico. Por tanto, la presente invención se puede encuadrar en el sector industrial de energía, concretamente en el área de la conversión de energía térmica en electricidad., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

El proyecto “¡A contar! Matemáticas para Pensar” es una propuesta de enseñanza para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la educación infantil (de 3 a 6 años). Está centrado en ideas matemáticas importantes y toda la actividad matemática aparece organizada a través de la literatura infantil. Los cuentos que estructuran el proyecto han sido ilustrados para potenciar al máximo la actividad matemática infantil. En este artículo explicamos la relación que se establece entre las imágenes de los cuentos, sus características matemáticas, las tareas que proponemos a los niños de 3 años y la actividad matemática que desarrollan los niños en este contexto.

Different sampling strategies, analytic alternatives, and estimators have been proposed to better assess the characteristics of different hard-to-reach populations and their respective infection rates (as well as their sociodemographic characteristics, associated harms, and needs) in the context of studies based on respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Despite several methodological advances and hundreds of empirical studies implemented worldwide, some inchoate findings and methodological challenges remain. The in-depth assessment of the local structure of networks and the performance of the available estimators are particularly relevant when the target populations are sparse and highly stigmatized. In such populations, bottlenecks as well as other sources of biases (for instance, due to homophily and/or too sparse or fragmented groups of individuals) may be frequent, affecting the estimates.In the present study, data were derived from a cross-sectional, multicity RDS study, carried out in 12 Brazilian cities with transgender women (TGW). Overall, infection rates for HIV and syphilis were very high, with some variation between different cities. Notwithstanding, findings are of great concern, considering the fact that female TGW are not only very hard-to-reach but also face deeply-entrenched prejudice and have been out of the reach of most therapeutic and preventive programs and projects.We cross-compared findings adjusted using 2 estimators (the classic estimator usually known as estimator II, originally proposed by Volz and Heckathorn) and a brand new strategy to adjust data generated by RDS, partially based on Bayesian statistics, called for the sake of this paper, the RDS-B estimator. Adjusted prevalence was cross-compared with estimates generated by non-weighted analyses, using what has been called by us a naïve estimator or rough estimates.

This paper proposes a discussion on the connection between organizational communication and marketing and the perceived gap between academic theory and market practice. Companies participating in the Petrogas Network of Sergipe were observed. The holistic single-case study methodology proposed by Yin was used. Through this study it can be seen that, even in light of the rigid methods proposed by international standards, both communication and marketing have been neglected in the companies analyzed.

Los fundamentos del conteo se aprenden a edad temprana. Con tres años, el recitado de la secuencia de palabras número debe alcanzar hasta “diez” e, idealmente, hasta “quince”. El recitado es imprescindible para el conteo, y tiene regularidades que se infravaloran, poniendo énfasis solo en la memorización. Al tiempo, se aprenden ideas matemáticas importantes relativas al conteo como la correspondencia uno a uno, el principio de cardinalidad o la funcionalidad del conteo. Describimos el trabajo de elaboración de álbumes ilustrados para articular el aprendizaje de matemáticas importantes e imprescindibles para el conteo a los 3 años. Explicamos cómo el texto y las ilustraciones responden a pautas didácticas emergentes de la investigación sobre el pensamiento numérico infantil. Describimos los usos de los álbumes en el aula y nuestras expectativas sobre posibles relaciones entre las imágenes y la actividad matemática infantil.

La transformación de la agricultura mediterránea ha estado vinculada a la individualización de la agricultura familiar, al crecimiento del trabajo asalariado y a la dependencia estructural de una fuerza de trabajo extra local. En este contexto, la migración interna y transnacional constituye una reserva de mano de obra vulnerable, barata y flexible que hace posible el actual sistema de alimentación.

The European Symposium on Nanofluids (ESNf) will be a series of international conferences to be organized in Europe and this very first one (1st ESNf) is taking place in Lisbon, Portugal during 8-10 October 2017. This symposium series will be organized under the auspices of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action-NANOUPTAKE. In addition to build research and development cooperation among the participants of this COST Action the symposium will provide a platform for strong collaboration and exchange of research and ideas as well as to bring together other researchers, scientists and engineers from Europe and around the world, who are working on nanofluids and related areas. Related companies were invited to participate in the symposium for potential discussions and collaborations. This symposium features plenary and invited lectures as well as oral and flash presentations.

Título, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglés Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se presentan ideas para la utilización de álbumes ilustrados en la enseñanza de las matemáticas en las primeras edades. Las ilustraciones pueden facilitar el aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos como la relación parte-todo, la relación uno a muchos o los patrones. También se usan para mostrar representaciones de cantidades, acciones, situaciones de compra y venta, matrices, cuadrículas o mapas, a partir de las cuales se proponen tareas contextualizadas en el álbum. En la segunda parte, se muestran ejemplos de actividad matemática en las primeras edades (de 5 a 7 años) enfatizando la relación entre dicha actividad y las características de las ilustraciones. ESP

Food production is integrated in the global agri-food chain and is characterized for its technological modernization and high productivity. The recent implementation of quality standards into the global agri-food chain have radically transformed their production processes and working conditions. Numerous studies have examined how the implementation of quality systems has led to a significant increase in the quality of products and of their production processes. However, some studies show that the increasing of the quality of products and processes has not necessarily led to a substantial improvement in the quality of employment nor to a de-casualization of working conditions. On the contrary, job insecurity and informal employment persist, and in some cases are accentuated by increasing control over processes and workers. This paper explores this hypothesis in the case of table grapes industry in the Region of Murcia. El sector agroalimentario de la Región de Murcia está integrado a una cadena agroalimentaria global que destaca por su modernización tecnológica y por su elevada productividad. Desde la década de los noventa se vienen implantando sistemas de calidad que han contribuido a transformar radicalmente los procesos productivos y las condiciones de trabajo. Numerosos estudios han analizado cómo la implantación de estándares y certificaciones ha dado lugar a un significativo aumento de la calidad de los productos y de sus procesos de producción. Sin embargo, algunos estudios muestran que el aumento de la calidad de los productos y de los procesos no ha supuesto necesariamente una mejora sustancial de la calidad del empleo ni una desprecarización de las condiciones de trabajo. Por el contrario, la precariedad laboral y la informalidad persisten y en algunos casos, se acentúan, al aumentar el control sobre los procesos y los trabajadores. Este artículo explora esta hipótesis en el caso de la industria de la uva de mesa en la Región de Murcia.

O mercado de produtos orgânicos vem crescendo graças à preocupação de consumidores com uma alimentação mais saudável e às pressões do mercado para utilização de meios de produção mais sustentáveis. No Brasil, os produtos orgânicos também se configuram como uma tendência. O presente artigo visa identificar os fatores que influenciam o consumo desses produtos em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. Para tanto, foca sua análise nos consumidores de produtos orgânicos que optam pelo supermercado como ponto de venda. Empregou-se dois métodos de pesquisa. No primeiro, utilizou-se a pesquisa exploratória e, no segundo, a pesquisa descritiva, mais especificamente o survey. A análise estatística dos dados utilizou a técnica de análise fatorial. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores que levam ao consumo de produtos orgânicos são egocêntricos. Além disso, verificou-se que os consumidores sentem que existem barreiras comerciais que dificultam a compra desses produtos. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v8i1.2131, The market for organic food is growing due to the concern of consumers with a healthier nutrition and due to the pressures of the consumer market for the use of more sustainable means of production. In Brazil, the organic market also configures itself as a trend. This article aims at identifying the factors that influence the consumption of organic products. To do so, the analysis was focused on organic products consumers who choose the supermarket as their point of sale. To identify these factors, issues like consumer behavior, purchase attitude and retail was addressed in the literature review. The methodology has divided the article into 2 parts. The first one used an exploratory research. The second one used a descriptive research under a survey method and factorial analysis. Analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the factors are egocentric, and that there are barriers that confuse the consumers in buying organic food.

Na medida em que o relacionamento comercial entre os países tem se tornado a base para o desenvolvimento do mercado mundial e das nações, evidencia-se a necessidade de se estudar as iniciativas empresariais que potencializam a ocorrência e continuidade de negócios produtivos entre as diversas partes envolvidas no processo comercial. Sob a ótica do marketing internacional, é possível sintetizar que as relações comerciais se estabelecem de duas formas: diretamente, onde a relação comercial entre empresas exportadoras e empresas importadoras acontece sem o apoio de uma organização intermediária; e indiretamente, onde uma ou ambas as partes optam por serviços intermediários de uma empresa especializada denominada empresa comercial exportadora. Visando compreender os elementos constituintes do relacionamento dos exportadores brasileiros com tais organizações intermediárias, bem como os níveis deste envolvimento, considerando-se ainda o vasto universo das diferentes características de negócio de cada empresa, foi realizado um trabalho qualitativo exploratório por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com seis empresas comerciais exportadoras e quatro empresas fornecedoras inseridas no município de Ribeirão Preto. Por meio deste estudo, pôde-se concluir que a dinâmica do marketing internacional sob a ótica do relacionamento é ainda pouco explorada. Verificou-se que as características do modelo de negócio da empresa influenciam diretamente na adoção, continuidade e no término do relacionamento, e que, a presença e intensidade dos elementos deste relacionamento dependem diretamente do envolvimento resultante da parceria. The international commercial relationships has become the base for the development of the world-wide market and the nations, it provides the necessity to study the enterprise initiatives that potentialize the occurrence and continuity of success business among several parts involved at the commercial process. At the marketing point of view, its possible to establish commercial relations in two ways: the direct, in which the commercial relation between export companies and import companies happens without the support of an intermediary agent; and the indirect, in which one or both parts opts for intermediary services of a specialized company commonly named trading companies. To understand the elements that constitutes the relationship between Brazilian exporters and trading companies, as well as the levels of that involvement, considering too the complex enterprises characteristics, it has realized an exploratory qualitative study with depth interviews among six trading companies and four supplier companies at the Ribeirão Preto city. The conclusion is that the dynamics of the international marketing relationship are still little explored. It was verified that the business company model characteristics influence directly in the adoption, continuity and in the ending of the relationship. Besides, the elements presence and intensity of this relationship depend directly on involvement of the partnership.

The NCCN Guidelines for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders with a highly variable disease course that depends largely on risk factors. Risk evaluation is therefore a critical component of decision-making in the treatment of MDS. The development of newer treatments and the refinement of current treatment modalities are designed to improve patient outcomes and reduce side effects. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the recent updates to the guidelines, which include the incorporation of a revised prognostic scoring system, addition of molecular abnormalities associated with MDS, and refinement of treatment options involving a discussion of cost of care.

The Spanish economic growth in recent decades has been based on labor-intensive economic sectors (construction industry, tourism-related services and export agriculture). In these sectors, characterized by precarious labor conditions, migrant workers have played a key role as a labor force available andunderpaid. This article reflects on the links between the economic model of intensive export agriculture and the use of foreign labor, with special attention to the working conditions of migrant workers and the impact of the current economic crisis on the employment in this sector. En las últimas décadas, España ha basado su crecimiento económico en sectores intensivos en mano de obra, caracterizados por condiciones laborales precarias, donde los trabajadores inmigrantes han jugado un papel fundamental ante la escasez de mano de obra autóctona. El artículo reflexiona sobre los vínculosentre uno de estos sectores, la agricultura intensiva de exportación, y el empleo de trabajadores extranjeros, con especial atención a la segregación por género y etnia de este mercado de trabajo, las condiciones laborales de los jornaleros inmigrantes y al impacto de la actual crisis económica sobre el empleo en este sector.

The HIV-1 CRF02_AG is one of the most prevalent circulating recombinant forms (CRF) in the world and is responsible for at least 8% of the HIV-1 infections worldwide. This CRF is distributed mainly in West Africa and, to a lesser extent, in the Middle East and North Africa. Due to the migrations from these endemic regions, CRF02_AG has been reported recently in countries where this recombinant is not native, including Brazil. In a previous study, including six CRF02_AG samples identified in Rio de Janeiro from 2004-2011, we found at least four introductions of this clade in Brazil, probably from Western African countries. As more CRF02_AG samples have been identified since then, in this study, we aimed to review the geographic origin and to date the introduction of some lineages circulating in Brazil using a larger dataset. A total of 20 Brazilian (18 from Rio de Janeiro and two from São Paulo) and 1,505 African HIV-1 CRF02_AG pol sequences were analyzed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogeographic methods. The ML analysis showed that the 20 CRF02_AG Brazilian sequences were distributed in five different lineages. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of the Brazilian sequences and their most closely related African sequences (n = 212) placed the origin of all Brazilian lineages in West Africa, probably Ghana (lineages BR-I, BR-II and BR-III), Senegal (BR-IV) and Nigeria (BR-V). Lineages BR-I and BR-II comprise >1 sequence, all from the Rio de Janeiro state, and their dates of origin were estimated at 1985 (95% highest posterior density: 1979 – 1992). These results support the existence of at least five independent introductions of the CRF02_AG lineage from West Africa into Brazil and further indicate that at least two of these lineages have been disseminated in the Rio de Janeiro state for about 30 years.

Since 2008, Europe has been shaken by an ongoing crisis. If relevant parts of populations are exposed to socioeconomic risks, it is a distinctive characteristic of European political ethics that they must not be left alone, but should be subject to support and solidarity by budget support policy, economic development policies and social policy at different levels. But, in analogy with medical and psychological findings, some parts of the vulnerable population, although experiencing the same living conditions as others, are developing resilience, which in our context means that they perform social, economic and cultural practices and habits which protect them from suffer and harm and support sustainable patterns of coping and adaption. This resilience to socioeconomic crises at household levels is the focus of the project. It can consist of identity patterns, knowledge, family or community relations, cultural and social as well as economic practices, be they formal or informal. Welfare states, labour markets and economic policies at both macro or meso level form the context or ‘environment’ of those resilience patterns. For reasons of coping with the crisis without leaving the common ground of the implicit European social model (or the unwritten confession to the welfare state) under extremely bad monetary conditions in many countries, and for reasons of maintaining quality of life and improving social policy, it is a highly interesting perspective to learn from emergent processes of resilience development and their preconditions. Thus, the main questions are directed at understanding patterns and dimensions of resilience at micro-/household level in different types of European member and neighbour states accounting for regional varieties, relevant internal and external conditions and resources as well as influences on these patterns by social, economic or labour market policy as well as legal regulations.

En esta experiencia planteamos un taller de problemas en educación infantil, compuesto por ocho problemas, en el que se introducen dos problemas de reparto igualatorio a niños de 5-6 años. El objetivo es averiguar si los alumnos de estas edades son capaces de resolver este tipo de problemas y observar las estrategias que utilizan. Los problemas de reparto igualatorio parten de dos cantidades diferentes que se deben igualar pasando objetos de la mayor a la menor. Los niños han resuelto los problemas mediante variantes de una estrategia básica de modelización directa, que implica la representación de las cantidades a igualar y la redistribución de las mismas.

International audience

Presentamos el resultado del análisis de la documentación recogida en varias experiencias de juego libre de construcción, desarrolladas en aulas de escuelas infantiles con niños de 2 a 6 años. En dichas experiencias, hemos observado ejemplos de construcciones simétricas que surgen espontáneamente durante el juego libre en todas las edades. Las simetrías se producen en construcciones individuales. Parecen evolucionar desde la simetría del grupo diedral D2 (2 a 5 años) a la simetría bilateral (5 a 6 años). Concluimos con la propuesta de inclusión de la simetría en el currículo español de educación infantil.

In this paper is developed a simple mathematical model of transient heat transfer under soil with plastic mulch in order to determine with numerical studies the influence of different plastic mulches on the soil temperature and the evolutions of temperatures at different depths with time. The governing differential equations are solved by a Galerkin Finite Element Model, taking into account the nonlinearities due to radiative heat exchange between the soil surface, the plastic mulch and the atmosphere. The model was validated experimentally giving good approximation of the model to the measured data. Simulations were run with the validated model in order to determine the optimal combination of mulch optical properties to maximize the soil temperature with a Taguchi's analysis, proving that the material most used nowadays in Colombia is not the optimal and giving quantitative results of the properties the optimal mulch must possess.

These suggested practice guidelines are based on extensive evaluation of the reviewed risk-based data and indicate useful current approaches for managing patients with MDS. Four drugs have recently been approved by the FDA for treating specific subtypes of MDS: lenalidomide for MDS patients with del(5q) cytogenetic abnormalities; azacytidine and decitabine for treating patients with higher-risk or nonresponsive MDS; and deferasirox for iron chelation of iron overloaded patients with MDS. However, because a substantial proportion of patient subsets with MDS lack effective treatment for their cytopenias or for altering disease natural history, clinical trials with these and other novel therapeutic agents along with supportive care remain the hallmark of management for this disease. The role of thrombopoietic cytokines for management of thrombocytopenia in MDS needs further evaluation. In addition, further determination of the effects of these therapeutic interventions on the patient's quality of life is important.(116,119,120,128,129) Progress toward improving management of MDS has occurred over the past few years, and more advances are anticipated using these guidelines as a framework for coordination of comparative clinical trials.

Narración de un proyecto que surge de una situación de juego libre de construcción en un grupo de 5-6 años de Educación Infantil. La maestra da a los pequeños un material de construcción pensado para promover el aprendizaje matemático. Tras varias sesiones de juego libre, en las que los pequeños se muestran atraídos por construir torres altas, la maestra, basándose en este interés infantil, propone el ‘reto de las torres’. Los niños deberán construir una torre e intentar, al día siguiente, hacer otra torre más alta. De esta situación, orientada al aprendizaje de la comparación indirecta y la medición, surge la idea de los niños de construir una gran torre en el patio, para que no choque con el techo del aula. Así, la actividad se convierte en un proyecto. Tras mucho esfuerzo de colaboración y trabajo en grupo, el proyecto concluye con la construcción de ‘la gran torre’, This is a narrative of a project that emerges from a situation of free block play in kindergarten (5-6 years). The teacher gave the children a building material designed to promote mathematical learning. After several sessions of free play, in which children show interest in building tall towers, the teacher, based on children's interest, proposes the 'challenge of the towers': Children need to build a tower and try, the next day, to build another tower higher. In this situation, designed by the teacher for the learning of indirect comparison and measurement, arises children’s idea of building a high tower outdoors, to avoid collision with the ceiling of the classroom. Then the activity becomes a project. After much effort of collaboration and teamwork, the project concludes with the construction of the 'great tower'

BACKGROUND: In patients with multiple myeloma, renal impairment (RI) at the time of diagnosis is associated with poor survival. To the authors’ knowledge, the current retrospective analysis presented is the first to assess the impact of various degrees of renal dysfunction on safety and efficacy outcomes in a large cohort of patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma who received treatment with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. METHODS: Three hundred fifty-three patients from 2 large phase 3 trials were randomized to receive lenalidomide (25 mg) plus dexamethasone (40 mg). For the purpose of this analysis, RI was defined according to the calculated creatinine clearance (CLCr) level as follows: mild or no RI (CLCr >= 60 mL/minute), moderate RI (CLCr from >= 30 mL/minute to

Para estudiar cómo es el inicio del aprendizaje de las ‘matemáticas de las cantidades’, hemos desarrollado una experiencia con 64 alumnos de 4 y 5 años, pertenecientes a tres grupos de Educación Infantil. Durante 5 semanas trabajamos, partiendo de literatura infantil, en un taller de resolución de problemas inmersos en una situación de comunicación. Los problemas eran planteados por una persona cercana. Los niños, tras emplear diversas estrategias informales de modelización directa, a través de distintas representaciones (manipulativas y gráficas) de cantidades, discuten sus soluciones, y elaboran una respuesta común para quien les planteó el problema.[ABSTRACT] To study how begins learning of ‘mathematics of quantities’, we have developed an experience with 64 four and five-year-old pupils, from three groups of Early Childhood Education. We worked for 5 weeks, from children’s books, in a workshop on problem-solving with problems involved in a communication situation. Problems were posed by a nearby person. Children, after using diverse informal direct modeling strategies, with different (manipulative and graphical) representations of quantities, discussed their solutions, and elaborated a common response for the one who had posed them the problem.[RESUMO] Para estudar como é o início da aprendizagem das ‘matemáticas das quantidades’, desenvolvemos uma experiência com 64 alunos de 4 e 5 anos, pertencentes a três grupos de Educação Infantil. Durante 5 semanas trabalhamos, partindo de literatura infantil, em um laboratório de resolução de problemas imersos numa situação de comunicação. Os problemas eram propostos por uma pessoa próxima. As crianças, depois de utilizar diversas estratégias informais de modelagem direta, através de diferentes representações (manipulativas e gráficas) de quantidades, discutem suas soluções, e elaboram uma resposta comum para quem lhes propôs o problema.

Copyright © 2000 Plenum Publishing Corporation. The vapor pressure and its dependence on temperature of halocarbons for 0.002< p R

Direito e Justi��a, v. 12 n. 1 (1998)

Copyright © 1997 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This is a correction note to the papers entitled "Prediction of halocarbon liquid densities by a modified hard sphere-De Santis equation of state" (Fialho and Nieto de Castro, 1996a), and "Prediction of liquid densities for halocarbon mixtures by a modified hard sphere-De Santis equation of state" (Fialho and Nieto de Castro, 1996b). Recently we found some printing mistakes that are important to correct in order to allow others to take advantage of the described technique and use the proposed equations.

Copyright © 1996 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Submitted by Paulo Fialho (paulofialho@uac.pt) on 2013-08-09T12:12:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1996-FluidPhaseEquilibria-V118-pg103-114.pdf: 11082416 bytes, checksum: 4d44e5b350bcfce4912313066201a647 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-16T14:04:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 6295335750599558.zip: 10852835 bytes, checksum: 2eff8e1be6fd47e201ff13df9dc2cc93 (MD5) 1996-FluidPhaseEquilibria-V118-pg103-114.pdf: 11082416 bytes, checksum: 4d44e5b350bcfce4912313066201a647 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-04

Copyright © 1996 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. In a companion paper, we dealt with the problem of predicting the liquid behaviour of pure refrigerants. It is the purpose of the present paper to extend the use of the Hard Sphere De Santis (HSDS) model by associating it with mixing and combination rules to predict the liquid state densities for mixtures of halocarbon refrigerants. The deviations obtained between the experimental data, available for binary and ternary mixtures, and the HSDS model have shown an uncertainly of 1.5% for T∗ ≤ 0.9. This was the uncertainty claimed for the model, when applied to pure fluids.

En esta tesis se estudian las condiciones físicas en las nebulosas de anillo originados por el material circumestelar barrido por los fuertes vientos de las estrellas WR. El estudio se basa en observaciones realizadas en los observatorios de CTIO, Córdoba y CASLEO. Se analizan las primeras imágenes digitales de la nebulosa de anillo alrededor de la estrella theta Mus de tipo espectral WC. Las imágenes directas obtenidas a través de filtros interferenciales, muestran que la nebulosa de anillo alrededor de theta Mus tiene una morfología filamentosa, particularmente en O^++. Esta morfología es común en los remanentes de Supernova. Las imágenes también muestran que ciertas zonas de la nebulosa en O^++ y en H^+ aparecen espacialmente separados. El análisis de las condiciones físicas se realizó mediante el estudio de los flujos de las líneas espectrales observadas considerando procesos de ionización radiactiva y excitación colisional. Las imágenes espectrales muestran que la nebulosa es de baja densidad y excitación intermedia. Se derivan valores de temperatura y densidad electrónicas, así como también de las abundancias de los elementos químicos nebulares en distintos lugares dentro de la nebulosa. Los valores de las abundancias son comparados con las abundancias galácticas a la distancia del Centro Galáctico a la que se encuentra theta Mus observándose que son comparables dentro de los límites de los errores.% Mediante el cociente de los flujos de líneas de recombinación y colisionales se determina que el principal mecanismo de excitación es la fotoionización. Por ultimo se encuentra que las líneas espectrales no parecen estar ensanchadas como producto de una agitación no-térmica. También se analizan las observaciones digitales con cámara directa y con espectrógrafo de la nebulosa de anillo NGC2359 alrededor de la estrella HD56925 de tipo espectral WN. En base a los flujos de las líneas de las imágenes espectrales, se derivan parámetros físicos dentro de la nebulosa los que se encuentran en excelente acuerdo con valores previamente publicados. En ultimo lugar estudiamos el viento de las estrellas masivas en el marco de la teoría magnetohidrodinámica (MHD). Resolvemos las ecuaciones MHD combinándolas con el formalismo de eyección radiactivo establecido por Castor, Abbott y Klein (1975). This thesis comprises a study of the physical conditions inside ring nebulae blown by the strong stellar winds of WR stars. The study is based on observations made at CTIO, Cordoba and CASLEO, with direct camera and spectrographs with CCD detectors. We analyze the first digital images of the ring nebula around the star theta Mus of spectral type WC obtained through narrow band filters centered at O^++ and H_alpha. These images show that the nebula has a filamentary structure, mainly in O^++, as also seen in supernova remnants. A spatial detachment between O++ and H_alpha is observed. An analysis of physical conditions was preformed by means of spectral lines fluxes considering radiative ionization and collissional excitation. The results of the analysis of the spectral images show that the nebula is of low density and medium excitation. We have determined the electronic temperature and density, and chemical abundances at differente sites within the nebula. Nebular chemical abundances are found to be similar with the Galactic abundances at the distance from the Galactic Center where the nebula is located. By means of quotients of recombination and collisional spectral line fluxes we determine that the principal excitation mechanism is photoionization. Finally, we did not find a non-thermal line widths enhancement. Also digital images with direct camera and with spectrograph of the ring nebula NGC2359 around the star HD56925 of spectral type WN are studied. Based on the spectral line fluxes, we determine physcal parameters inside the nebula. The results are in excelent agreement with previous published values. Finally we study the winds of massive stars within the framework of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory. We solve the (MHD) equations combined with the radiatively driven outflow formalism as stated by Castor, Abbott and Klein (1975). Fil: Giménez de Castro, Carlos Guillermo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.

This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Professor V. B. Vargaftik (1904-1994) for his outstanding contributions in the field of thermophysical properties of alkali metal vapors. "Previous chapters of this volume dealt with the transport properties of nonreacting mixtures. However, there are several systems of scientific and industrial interest that involve chemical reactions between some of the atoms or molecules present. This fact modifies the values of the transport properties of these systems because there are additional processes of heat and mass transfer caused by the existence of the chemical reaction. The simplest kind of system where chemical reaction is present is an alkali metal vapour, where dimerization of atoms takes place, with a temperature- and pressuredependent composition. This fact, allied to the high-temperature domain of the application of these vapors, makes the determination of the transport properties of these systems very challenging from a theoretical point of view. […]".

19th International Congress of Refrigeration. Proceedings The Hague, the Netherlands, august 20-25, 1995. The density of liquid refrigerants is very important for the design of compression cycles in the refrigeration and air conditioning industries. The increasing concern with the environmental protection leads the governments to legislate in order to banish in the short term the use of the CFC's and in the long run the HCFC's. Considering those decisions, the industries need to find new replacements for those compounds, and suitable substitutes seam to be HFC's, fluorinated ethers, their mixtures and mixtures with small quantities of HCFC's. The only problem in using those alternative refrigerants is the lack of knowledge about their properties. Among them, the density is one of the most important. It is the propose of this paper to show the use of a model that allows the user to estimate the liquid density for the refrigerants. The uncertainty of this model is of ± 2.0 % for reduced values of temperature less then 0.95 and reduced values of density less then 1.0. This model needs the information for the critical parameters and the pressure of the saturated liquid-vapour line. The Hard-Sphere DeSantis equation of state Ref. /1/ is use to give physical support to the model. The corrections to the attractive and repulsive part, a and b, have been calculated from a few experimental pure refrigerants Ref. /1/ (HCFC 152a, HCFC 22, HCFC 142b, HCFC 123, HCFC 114).