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As Unidades de Pronto Atendimento surgiram a partir da necessidade de desobstruir a superlotação causada nos setores de urgência e emergência hospitalares. Foi um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal que realizou uma triagem fisioterapêutica respiratória na UPA. A coleta ocorreu de outubro a novembro de 2020 no período vespertino. A amostra foi composta por 30 voluntários, 53,34% mulheres e 46,66% homens, média dos demais dados foram: idade 43,56 (± 11,23) anos; IMC de 73,73 kg (±12,67); 1,66m (±0,05) e 26,58 Kg/m2 (±4,64); Tº 36,5ºC (±0,51); SpO2 96,93% (±1,35); FR 20,06 irpm (±2,01); FC 79,5bpm (±9,57). PAS de 129,33mmHg (± 14,59), PAD de 86,33 mmHg (± 9,48) e 96,66% com ECG de 15. Quanto às patologias, 42,8% foram síndromes gripais. Da avaliação respiratória, as médias da amostra foram: PImáx de -89,66 (±35,78), PEmáx de 57,33 (± 28,91), PFE 250L/min e a Dinamometria do membro Dom 31,8 kgf (±13,68) e NDom de 27,77 kgf (±12,49). Os resultados da avaliação respiratoria foram analisados por genero, em que foi observado valores abaixo do esperado. Conclui-se que a triagem fisioterapeutica é viável na UPA e, que pode contribuir para agilizar a assistência, mas, sugere-se mais estudos direcionados para tornar efetiva a contribuição do fisioterapeuta na triagem.

This paper presents results of a set of didactic-pedagogical interventions performed with students of the 1st year of high school in the Physical curricular component of a private school in São Paulo with the objective of emphasizing aspects of the Nature of Science and clarifying some relationships between the elements of the S-T-S triad, in order to provide more meaning to the scientific concepts addressed, based on the objectives of STS Education. The investigation is characterized as a qualitative research supported by typical procedures of The Intervention Research, and the activities sought to improve the teaching approaches in order to favor the student protagonism, encouraging him to build new knowledge and broaden its understanding of the world in which he lives. Through debates and seminars involving relevant topics, as well as semi-structured interviews, it was possible to verify that most students can develop their critical thinking, expand their ability to reflect and argue, allowing to strengthen intellectual autonomy, youth protagonism and under­standing of issues aligned with the PPP of the participating school and with the STS Education. The results point to the understanding that science is a human and historical construction, presenting a character of non-neutrality, non-salvationist and that scientific and technological knowledge is not characterized as absolute truths, and its effects on society and the environment are felt both in the form of benefits and harms., Este artículo presenta resultados de un conjunto de intervenciones didáctico-pedagógicas realizadas con estudiantes del 1º año de secundaria en el componente curricular de Física de una escuela privada en São Paulo con el objetivo de enfatizar aspectos de la Naturaleza de la Ciencia y aclarar algunas relaciones entre los elementos de la tríada C-T-S, con el fin de proporcionar más significado a los conceptos científicos abordados, basado en los objetivos de Education CTS. La investigación se caracteriza como una investigación cualitativa apoyada en procedimientos típicos de la Investigación de Intervención, y las actividades buscaron mejorar los enfoques de enseñanza para favorecer el protagonismo del estudiante, alentándolo a construir nuevos conocimientos y ampliar su comprensión del mundo en el que vive. A través de debates y seminaries que involucran temas relevantes, así como entrevistas semiestructuradas, fue posible verificar que la mayoría de los estudiantes pueden desarrollar su pensamiento crítico, ampliando su capacidad de reflexión y argumentar, permitiendo fortalecer la autonomía intelectual, el protagonismo juvenil y la comprensión de temas alineados con el PPP de la escuela participante y con la Educación CTS. Los resultados apuntan a la comprensión de que la ciencia es una construcción humana e histórica, que presenta un carácter de no neutralidad, no salvacionista y que el conocimiento científico y tecnológico no se caracteriza como verdades absolutas, y sus efectos sobre la Sociedad y el medio ambiente se sienten tanto en forma de beneficios como de daños., Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um conjunto de intervenções didático-pedagógicas realizadas com alunos do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio no componente curricular Física de uma escola particular de São Paulo com o objetivo de enfatizar aspectos de Natureza da Ciência e esclarecer algumas relações entre os elementos da tríade C-T-S, de modo a proporcionar mais significado aos conceitos científicos abordados, tendo por base os objetivos da Educação CTS. A investigação se caracteriza como uma pesquisa qualitativa apoiada em procedimentos típicos da Pesquisa-Intervenção, sendo que as atividades buscaram aprimorar as abordagens de ensino de modo a favorecer o protagonismo discente, estimulando-o a construir novos conhecimentos e ampliar sua compreensão acerca do mundo em que vive. Através de debates e seminários envolvendo temáticas relevantes, bem como de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi possível constatar que a maior parte dos estudantes pode desenvolver seu pensamento crítico, ampliou sua capacidade de refletir e argumentar, permitindo fortalecer a autonomia intelectual, o protagonismo juvenil e o entendimento de questões alinhadas com o PPP da escola participante e com a Educação CTS. Os resultados apontam para o entendimento de que a Ciência é uma construção humana e histórica, apresentando um caráter de não neutralidade, não salvacionista e que os conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos não se caracterizam como verdades absolutas, sendo seus efeitos sobre a sociedade e o meio ambiente sentidos tanto na forma de benefícios quanto de malefícios.

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um conjunto de intervenções didático-pedagógicas realizadas com alunos do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio no componente curricular Física de uma escola particular de São Paulo com o objetivo de enfatizar aspectos de Natureza da Ciência e esclarecer algumas relações entre os elementos da tríade C-T-S, de modo a proporcionar mais significado aos conceitos científicos abordados, tendo por base os objetivos da Educação CTS. A investigação se caracteriza como uma pesquisa qualitativa apoiada em procedimentos típicos da Pesquisa-Intervenção, sendo que as atividades buscaram aprimorar as abordagens de ensino de modo a favorecer o protagonismo discente, estimulando-o a construir novos conhecimentos e ampliar sua compreensão acerca do mundo em que vive. Através de debates e seminários envolvendo temáticas relevantes, bem como de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi possível constatar que a maior parte dos estudantes pode desenvolver seu pensamento crítico, ampliou sua capacidade de refletir e argumentar, permitindo fortalecer a autonomia intelectual, o protagonismo juvenil e o entendimento de questões alinhadas com o PPP da escola participante e com a Educação CTS. Os resultados apontam para o entendimento de que a Ciência é uma construção humana e histórica, apresentando um caráter de não neutralidade, não salvacionista e que os conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos não se caracterizam como verdades absolutas, sendo seus efeitos sobre a sociedade e o meio ambiente sentidos tanto na forma de benefícios quanto de malefícios., Indagatio Didactica, vol. 15 n.º 1 (2023)

In the last decades, considerable work has been done regarding service life prediction of buildings and building components. Academics and members of the CIB W080 commission, as well as of ISO TC 59/SC14, have made several efforts in this area and created a general terminology for the concept of service life, which is extremely relevant for property management, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costs (LCC) analyses. Various definitions can be found in the literature that share common ideas. In fact, there are different criteria that trigger the end of a building’s service life, but the trap that building practitioners too often fall into and that should be avoided is dividing a problem into separate boxes, labels, and specializations without the mutual cohesion and interaction, and ignoring human behavior. Some definitions of service life are discussed in this review paper, in which the cause-effect processes underlying aging and decay are described. These descriptions highlight the continuous interrelation between different criteria for the end of a building’s service life, considering too often neglected and misunderstood causes of the end of life.

PD/BD/113643/2015 This paper contributes to the definition of design clauses for coarse recycled aggregate concrete. One of the main reasons for scepticism towards recycled aggregate concrete is the per-ceived notion that the heterogeneity of recycled aggregates may increase the uncertainty of the behaviour of concrete. Therefore, the paper uses structural reliability concepts to propose partial factors for recycled aggregate concrete’s design for shear failure. The paper builds upon a previous publication by the authors, in which the model uncertainty of recycled aggregate concrete elements designed for shear, with and without shear reinforcement, was compared with that of natural aggregate concrete elements. In that paper, the statistics of the model uncertainty for recycled aggregate concrete shear design were indeed found to be less favourable than those of natural aggregate concrete. Therefore, a partial factor for recycled aggregate concrete design is needed to ensure safety. This paper presents partial factors calibrated with explicit reliability analyses for different cases of design concerning beams (in the case of shear design of elements with shear reinforcement) and slabs (for the design of elements without shear reinforcement). For full incorporation of coarse recycled concrete aggregates and the design of elements without shear reinforcement, the calibrated partial factor reduces the design value of shear resistance by 10% (design with EN1992) or 15% (design with prEN1992) in comparison to natural aggregate concrete’s design. For the shear design of elements with shear reinforcement, the partial factor decreases resistance by 5% but a sensitivity analysis showed that the reduction might be, under pessimistic expectations, of up to 20%. publishersversion published

This paper presents a literature review concerning the characteristics of MgO (magnesium oxide or magnesia) and its application in cementitious materials. It starts with the characterization of MgO in terms of production processes, calcination temperatures, reactivity, and physical properties. Relationships between different MgO characteristics are established. Then, the influence of MgO incorporation on the properties of cementitious materials is investigated. The mechanical strength and durability behaviour of cement pastes, mortars and concrete mixes made with MgO are discussed. The studied properties of MgO–cement mixes include compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, porosity, carbonation, chloride ion penetration, shrinkage, expansion, and hydration degree. In addition, microscopic analyses of MgO-cement mixes are also assessed. Summarizing the results of different studies, it is concluded that MgO incorporation in cementitious materials generally decreases the mechanical strength and shrinkage, and increases the porosity, expansion, carbonation and chloride ion migration. However, it should be emphasized that the properties of the specific MgO used (mainly the calcination temperature, the reactivity and the surface area) have a significant influence on the characteristics of the cementitious materials produced.

Maintenance decision-making involves a series of multiple objectives, some of them contradictory. Usually, stakeholders intend to find the optimal maintenance strategy, to minimize the economic burden, while simultaneously maximizing the buildings’ performance. In this study, a condition-based maintenance model, based on Petri nets, is proposed to evaluate the consequences of alternative maintenance strategies to maintain and improve the performance of ceramic claddings. This maintenance model is a full life-cycle model that integrates the stochastic assessment of the degradation condition of the claddings, and also inspections, maintenance and renewal processes. Three maintenance strategies are considered: (i) major intervention only; (ii) combination of minor and major interventions; and (iii) combination of cleaning operations, minor and major interventions. The uncertainties associated with the degradation process, as well as with the definition of the effects of maintenance actions are considered by modelling the transitions times in Petri nets as random variables. Considering the complexity of Petri nets, the statistical descriptors of the performance of the assets (e.g., mean condition, probability of applying maintenance) were computed using Monte Carlo simulation. The impact of the different maintenance strategies in the claddings’ service life is discussed, comparing the different alternatives also from an economic point of view.

In this study, the time-dependent stochastic degradation of three types of claddings is analysed. For this purpose, 203 fac¸ades with stone claddings(directly adhered to the substrate), 195 with adhered ceramic claddings and 220 with painted surfaces were analysed. All the fac¸ades are located in Lisbon, Portugal. Their degradation condition was assessed through an extensive field work. Based on the data gathered, Markov chains are used to predict the degradation of claddings and to understand, in some detail, how the characteristics of the claddings contribute to the overall degradation. The results show that the distance from the sea and exposure to damp are significant to the degradation of all types of cladding. The type and size of stone plates also influence the degradation of stone claddings. The exposure to wind-rain action has a high impact on the degradation of ceramic claddings. The models proposed provide useful information on the probability of failure of the claddings; these results are fundamental in the context of insurance policies and in the definition of building maintenance plans.

This paper studies the effect of maturation on mortars prepared according to a traditional method of slaking quicklime mixed with sand and kept wet until used (hot lime mix). Two lime/aggregate weight proportions were considered, a rich one (1:5) and a normal one (1:13). The quicklime was used as pieces of crushed calcined limestone and as micronized quicklime, both from industrial production. The mortars prepared with hot lime were kept wet for periods of 1, 7, 45 and 90 days, before moulding, while those prepared with micronized quicklime were matured for 7, 45 and 90 days. After the specimens were moulded, their mechanical and water-related behaviour was studied at 28, 90 and 360 days. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and SEM observations were performed for some of the mortars to follow the microstructure changes. The aim was to understand the advantages and drawbacks of this traditional process and of a similar process with industrial quicklime. It was concluded that the maturation time has a very positive influence on flexural and compressive strength, cracking susceptibility and water absorption by capillarity. However, the process has also disadvantages, such as time consuming preparation and need of extreme care.

Die vorliegende Studienarbeit ist das Resultat und die Interpretation der Umfrage "Globale Wirtschaftslage 2010 - Wie österreichische Unternehmen im Einkaufs-, Lieferanten- und Risikomanagement reagieren", welche gemeinsam mit dem Bundesverband für Materialwirtschaft, Einkauf und Logistik (BMÖ) erarbeitet wurde. Der Fragebogen wurde zwischen Juni und September 2010 an 3300 Mitglieder des BMÖ versendet und von 52 Unternehmen beantwortet. Die Hälfte der an der Untersuchung teilnehmenden Firmen stammt aus der Industrie während nahezu zwei Drittel der involvierten Personen als Einkaufsleiter tätig sind. Die Studie stellt einen Vergleich mit der 2009 ebenfalls vom BMÖ und der WU Wien durchgeführten Umfrage "Wirtschaftskrise 2009 - Wie österreichische Unternehmen im Beschaffungs- und Lieferantenmanagement reagieren" dar. Idealerweise soll gezeigt werden, wie sich die gesamtwirtschaftlichen Veränderungen der letzten Monate und der leichte wirtschaftliche Aufwärtstrend auf die allgemeine Stimmungslage und die Strategien im Einkaufsprozess ausgewirkt haben. Die Diplomarbeit hat allerdings nicht nur einen Fokus auf das Beschaffungsmanagement sondern befasst sich auch mit Lieferantenund Risikomanagement. Die Arbeit beginnt mit einem theoretischen Ansatz zu den Bereichen Einkaufs-, Lieferantenund Risikomanagement und wird mit der Interpretation bzw. der Gegenüberstellung der Studienergebnisse fortgesetzt. Im letzten Teil werden die Forschungsfragen beantwortet, die Umfrageergebnisse zusammengefasst und die zukünftigen Entwicklungen in den bereits mehrfach angesprochenen Bereichen erläutert. Die Ergebnisse spiegeln in erster Linie den leichten wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung der vergangenen Periode wider, welcher durch die optimistische Stimmungslage unter den befragten Unternehmen verdeutlicht wird. Während die meisten Firmen 2009 unter sinkenden Umsätzen litten ist die Auftragslage 2010 deutlich positiver zu bewerten. Dies führt zu höheren Bestellmengen und einer Ausweitung des Lieferantenstammes, ca. 70 % der befragten Unternehmen suchen aktuell nach neuen Bezugsquellen. Die wichtigsten Auswahlkriterien in der Lieferantensuche sind neben Qualitätsmerkmalen und dem Preis auch die Liefersicherheit, Preisstabilität und nachhaltige Handelsbeziehungen. Nur 20 % der österreichischen Firmen haben während der letzten Periode ihre Beschaffungsmärkte geändert, meistens aus Preis- und Sicherheitsgründen. Die meistgenannten Risiken im Einkaufsprozess, welche laut der Ergebnisse im vergangenen Jahr gestiegen sind, beziehen sich ebenfalls auf die Preis- und Qualitätskomponente sowie auf Währungsrisiken. Aus diesem Grund haben bereits annähernd zwei Drittel der Unternehmen ihr Risikomanagement geändert und mehr als die Hälfte verfügt mittlerweile über ein unternehmensinternes Risikomanagement. Es kann schlussendlich festgehalten werden, dass die befragten Unternehmen auf den leichten ökonomischen Aufwärtstrend in vielerlei Hinsicht reagiert haben und optimistisch in die Zukunft blicken. Viele haben ihre Einkaufs-, Lieferanten- und Risikostrategien auf das wirtschaftlich sich verändernde Umfeld angepasst. (Autorenref.), Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Logistik

Las reacciones álcali-sílice son una de las causas químicas de la degradación de los hormigones con áridos pétreos (HAP) que comprometen su durabilidad. La introducción de áridos reciclados (AR) en los hormigones produce alteraciones en sus propiedades y diferencias en los resultados de los ensayos de evaluación de las RAS. Se encuentran en la bibliografía algunos cuidados en la evaluación de los AR y de los hormigones con áridos reciclados (HAR) en cuanto a la RAS, así como propuestas de modificación de las metodologías de ensayo existentes. Existen propuestas de modificación del ensayo acelerado de mortero y hormigón con AR para acelerar las reacciones y recomendaciones para evitar alteraciones en las características del AR grueso, durante la preparación de probetas. Algunos artículos recomiendan la pre-saturación del AR, debido a su absorción de agua, para evitar variaciones en los resultados de expansión de probetas de hormigón a edades prematuras. El presente artículo pretende describir sucintamente las características de los HAR y de las RAS presentando observaciones de la bibliografía en cuanto a los métodos de evaluación de las RAS en HAR y en HAP. Alkali-silica reactions (ASR) are one of the causes of chemical degradation of concrete with natural aggregates (CNA) that compromise its durability. The introduction of recycled aggregates (RA) in concrete creates changes in their properties and differences in the results of the evaluation tests of ASR. Existing bibliography emphasizes special care in the evaluation of RA and concrete with recycled aggregate (CRA) for ASR and changes are proposed to the existing test methods. There are proposals to change the accelerated test of mortar and concrete with RA to accelerate the reactions and recommendations to prevent changes in the characteristics of the RA, during the preparation of samples. Some articles recommend the pre-saturation of the AR, due to its absorption of water, to avoid significant variations in the results of expansion of concrete samples from early ages. This article aims to briefly describe the characteristics of CRA and ASR presenting comments from existing bibliography to the evaluation methods of ASR in CRA and CNA.

This paper describes repurposing projects using decommissioned wind turbine blades in bridges conducted under a multinational research project entitled “Re-Wind”. Repurposing is defined by the Re-Wind Network as the re-engineering, redesigning, and remanufacturing of a wind blade that has reached the end of its life on a turbine and taken out of service and then reused as a load-bearing structural element in a new structure (e.g., bridge, transmission pole, sound barrier, seawall, shelter). The issue of end-of-life of wind turbine blades is becoming a significant sustainability concern for wind turbine manufacturers, many of whom have committed to the 2030 or 2040 sustainability goals that include zero-waste for their products. Repurposing is the most sustainable end-of-life solution for wind turbine blades from an environmental, economic, and social perspective. The Network has designed and constructed two full-size pedestrian/cycle bridges—one on a greenway in Cork, Ireland and the other in a quarry in Draperstown, Northern Ireland, UK. The paper describes the design, testing, and construction of the two bridges and provides cost data for the bridges. Two additional bridges that are currently being designed for construction in Atlanta, GA, USA are also described. The paper also presents a step-by-step procedure for designing and building civil structures using decommissioned wind turbine blades. The steps are: project planning and funding, blade sourcing, blade geometric characterization, material testing, structural testing, designing, cost estimating, and construction.

This paper describes a study of the micro-macro property relationships relating to hydraulic setting reactions in air lime - metakaolin mixtures.