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This study was conducted to determine the lived experiences of students who experienced academic burnout during online distance learning. Academic burnout is the most critical issue students face as it is linked to detrimental consequences on teenagers' mentality. The evidence was gathered and conducted last January 2022. Students from Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges Marbel, Incorporated who experienced academic burnout during online distance learning the previous academic year 2020-2021 were the participants—using Phenomenology, which aims to grasp participants' experiences via qualitative research. The study uncovered the underlying cause of their burnout during online distance learning. Nervousness and pressure from the heavy tasks to be completed impacted their education by increasing the prevalence of psychological and physical issues such as depression, anxiety, fear, and stress-related ailments. The study revealed the participants' underlying coping mechanisms throughout online distance learning; despite the hurdles, the participants exhibited their creativity via online distance learning. Finally, based on findings of the study, it is recommended for the school to create a plan to sustain the best approaches used by teachers to avoid problems causing burnout about several desirable and necessary skills. This is for the students to address their anxiety as it will become adequate student support for their students to tailor the burnout and possibly reduce it.

This study determined the academic stress level and coping mechanism of the special science curriculum students; the study also identify if there is a significant relationship between these two variables.This study used a Qualitative Design (Grounded Theory Design) using an expert-validated questionnaire. Additionally, descriptive, correlational design using surveys were also used to determine if there is a significant relationship between academic stress and coping mechanisms. This study was conducted at Morong National High School, and the Special Science Curriculum students at the said school acted as the respondents of the study. Total Enumeration Sampling Design was initiated to use in this study to facilitate accuracy in selecting the respondents.With an academic stress level of 1.68 it was confirmed that Special Science Curriculum students are experiencing moderate stress. Additionally with 27.37% of SSC students, “Religious coping” is found the most commonly used Coping Mechanism, and “Substance use” is the least used Coping mechanism having 0% of SSC students using it. Lastly, it has been identified that some coping mechanisms have a significant relationship with the level of academic stress while some are identified as not significant.The Special Science Curriculum Students are confirmed experiencing moderate stress in their schoolwork and activities. It has also been found that “Religious coping” is the most used coping mechanism and “Substance used” is the least used coping mechanism. Lastly, it’s been identified that some of the coping mechanisms have a significant relationship with the level of academic stress while some are identified as not significant.

The main objective of the study was to determine the challenges of the secondary school teachers and coping mechanisms in Modular Distance Learning in Loon Districts. The study also sought answers on the difference between the profile such as sex, age, educational attainment, type of school connected and years of teaching of the respondents and the challenges of the secondary school teachers and coping mechanisms. The descriptive-correlational survey method was utilized using the adopted questionnaire for data gathering, and measurement. The locale of the study was all public and private secondary school teachers in Loon North and South District, Loon, Bohol. The participants included two hundred (200) teachers. The statistical tools used in the study were percentage, weighted mean, chi square of independence and Pearson’s product moment correlation. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between challenges and coping mechanisms in relation to sex, age, educational attainment, type of school connected and years of teaching profile of the teachers. It was found out that there was no significant difference between the challenges and coping mechanisms of the respondents in terms of their profile. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between the challenges and coping mechanisms in modular distance learning in terms of positive well-being, time management, openness to change, and peer mentoring while no significant correlation between the challenges of the secondary school teachers and coping mechanisms in terms of collaboration. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between the overall challenges and overall coping mechanisms of teachers in modular distance learning. It was concluded that better or strong application of coping mechanisms, the lesser challenges of the teachers experienced in Modular Distance Learning. It was recommended that formulating action plan for coping mechanisms in meeting the challenges of Modular Distance Learning can be a great help for the teachers to continue to provide quality education to the students amidst the global pandemic.

The experiences of non-criminology graduate police officers in the Philippine National Police organization are necessary to perceive whether internal and external factors affect their motivation and decision to enter the organization. This study will explore the experiences of non-criminology graduate Police officers in the Philippine National Police (PNP) organization during the year 2023. Transcendental phenomenology was the research design used in the study. Six non-criminology graduate police officers in the Philippine National Police organization participated in the study and were chosen using purposive sampling. An in-depth interview was done to gather data using interview guide questions. The participants' responses were transcribed, coded, and organized to form themes based on the study's objective with the aid of Hyperresearch software. The data were then analyzed and interpreted using Moustaka's data analysis steps. Results revealed that the majority of the non-criminology graduate police officers were at the age of middle age, with a degree in Education, and with rank as Police Staff Sergeants. Non-criminology graduate police officers experienced having motivation for joining PNP, positive experience during Basic Recruit Training (BRT), receiving equal treatment during BRT, challenges during BRT, overcoming personal weaknesses, and a variety of coping mechanisms in dealing with challenges during BRT. They have a strong sense of purpose, and commitment to public service can be a powerful motivator for anyone seeking a career in law enforcement, regardless of their academic background. They have also found that their unique skills and perspectives from their previous academic or professional backgrounds are valued and contribute to their success during BRT and beyond. They used to have different skills and experiences than their criminology graduate peers. However, they are held to the same high professionalism, discipline, and ethical conduct standards. They face certain challenges due to their lack of formal training or Education in law enforcement; however, with dedication, hard work, and a willingness to learn, non-criminology graduate police officers can overcome their challenges and become successful law enforcement officers. They used to face personal weaknesses during BRT in the PNP; they can overcome them by setting goals, seeking out mentorship and support, and staying committed to their development as a law enforcement officer. They used to adopt a growth mindset, meaning that they view challenges as opportunities for growth and learning.

The elderly represent one of the categories that was most affected by the pandemic period. The purpose of this research was to analyze the ways in which mass media and very often contradictory information flows influenced the lives and personal communications of the Romanian elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to conduct the research, we used a mixed-methods approach. For the quantitative research, we gave a questionnaire to the elderly population of Romania, and for the qualitative research, we conducted interviews. Our quantitative sample included 881 retired persons with an age between 55 and 94 years old; the mean age was 71.48 years old with 6.6 years standard deviation. The elderly described the pandemic period using negative words: fear, loneliness, anxiety, disaster; the channel they mostly watched and trusted was the TV; they were aware of the measures they had to take to protect themselves; they missed most of the meetings with the family and the main problems they had were represented by loneliness, the inability to be with their families or the lack of access to medical services. The elderly’s mass media consumption during the pandemic was mostly represented by TV consumption; the information spread by mass media was sometimes contradictory; it influenced their behavior and may have generated feelings of anxiety among them.

This study determines the level of knowledge on mental health issues and problems and coping mechanisms in the new normal among elementary teachers. The descriptive-correlational design was employed, and 220 respondents were included in the study. Elementary teachers have a moderate level of knowledge on mental health issues and problems, sometimes experienced personal stressors, and always cope through religiosity. Teachers’ level of knowledge on mental health issues and problems about precipitating and triggering factors vary in terms of age and sex but do not vary according to their educational attainment. A significant relationship exists between teachers’ knowledge on mental health issues, problems, and coping mechanisms.

This study was conducted to explore the different challenges encountered by teenage mothers and how they cope with those challenges as the bases for policy recommendations. This included the teenage mothers of Sta. Josefa National High School- Senior High in the School Year 2021-2022. The exploration focused on the challenges that teenage mothers encounter after giving birth, and the coping mechanism they employed. A qualitative phenomenological research method was employed with the use of in-depth unstructured interviews as well as participant observation in data gathering. A phenomenological method is appropriate in this study since it explored the real-life experiences and in-depth collection of information report from the case themes (Creswell, 2013). The findings showed that the challenges encountered by teenage mothers are: financial problem, difficulty in taking care of the baby, inability to planning and decision making, social stigma, and family conflict. The coping mechanisms they used are: thriving hard by utilizing opportunities, accepting the reality, relying from the support from the family, and having pride of being a mother. Based on the results, the following were recommended: strengthen school’s symposia on teenage pregnancy, strengthen parents’ orientation, strengthen school support programs, strengthen reproductive health education, strengthen adopt–a–student program, and strengthen the school, BLGU, and LGU linkages.

This study explored the phenomenon of the school heads handling stress. Specifically, it examined their lived experiences with their job, the common stressors, how they take the stress; and the best practices which were drawn from managing stress. This study was conducted using a face-to-face interview with the sixteen school heads with experience in handling stress. After careful data analysis using Colaizzi’s method, findings revealed four major themes: instructional leadership, administrative management, stressors, and coping mechanisms, along with 14 core ideas and 183 significant statements. The CPs' encounter with stress and how they handle it provides some implications: noting that the major responsibility of a school head is to conduct instructional supervision through classroom observation where technical assistance is being provided; stress is normal, and it is already a part of everyone's life, their experiences vary and depends on their situation; novice school heads tend to struggle during their adjustment period; they still need to express their concerns about their job to their immediate superior and the superior's support should always be present and above all, faith in GOD should always be kept in everything anybody does.

This study aimed to determine the students' feedback and challenges encountered on modular distance learning and its relationship to their academic performance in Science from the different schools of Alamada North Cotabato during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used the descriptive-correlational research design. The respondents of the study were grade 8 students of Alamada. The data gathered from the survey questionnaire were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Based on the findings of the study, it is found that the respondents have positive feedback on the use of modular distance learning in terms of the module content, strategies, learning activities, and assessments; they Sometimes experienced challenges like a lack of internet connection to supplement their readings, too many household chores and difficulty in staying motivated on the use of Modular Distance Learning. There is no significant difference in the feedback in utilizing modular distance learning when categorized according to age, sex, and monthly income. There is no significant relationship between feedback and the academic performances of the respondents in terms of strategies, learning activities, and assessments. However, module content is significantly related to their academic performance.

The main objective of this study was to determine the personality traits, work- related mental health stressors, and coping mechanisms of Tomas Cabili National High School teachers in the new normal during the School Year 2021 – 2022. A descriptive-correlational method was used. There were 68 respondents for this study, a complete enumeration of the school’s whole teaching force. The research instrument was composed of three parts: the personality traits which were adopted from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Big-Five Factors Markers developed by Goldberg; the work-related mental stressors adopted from the Health and Security and Executive (HSE) Management Standards (2019); and the coping mechanisms adopted from Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL) of Lazarus and Folkman. Frequency and percentage distribution, average- weighted value, and Pearson product-moment correlation were used in the analysis of data. The consolidated results of the study revealed that most of the respondents’ personality trait was conscientiousness. Their primary source of work-related mental stressors was on demands and their most preferred coping mechanism for stress was positive re-appraisal. Based on the gathered data, a personality traits and stress management program was proposed.

This study determined the challenges encountered by public secondary School Heads of Pangasinan II division during the Covid-19 pandemic and the coping mechanisms used by the School Heads to manage the challenges. It used the descriptive-correlational research design. This study found out that in the profile variables of the respondent-School Heads, majority are females, 51 and above years old, Master’s degree holders with 11-15 years in service. Majority of the respondents are Principal III-IV who are mostly trained in leadership and management relevant to the new normal. There are moderately high level of challenges encountered by School Heads during the Covid-19 pandemic along leadership and governance, curriculum and learning, and management of resources. A high level of challenges was encountered by School Heads during the Covid-19 pandemic along accountability and continuous improvement. Findings also show that the level of coping mechanisms of the School Heads to manage the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic along production of instructional/ modular materials, training of teachers, and provision of technological tools are high. A moderately high level of coping mechanism was also found on school Heads’ management during the pandemic along production, distribution and retrieval of modules. There is a significant relationship that exists on the level of challenges encountered by the School Heads along leadership and governance, and the profile variables, sex and position. A significant relationship also exists between the level of challenges encountered along curriculum and learning and the School Heads’ highest educational attainment. Further, a significant relationship exists between the level of challenges encountered along management of resources and the profile variable, age.

The study focuses on the exploration of the challenges experienced by some women in men-dominated societal spaces, specifically in the household and workplace in the municipality of Midsayap, North Cotabato, Philippines. The 5 participants were identified through non-probability sampling, specifically purposive sampling. The study employed qualitative research, specifically narratology. The result showed that most of the participants experienced gender inequality and discrimination. However, the coping mechanisms of the participants just as respect verbally expressing their opinions, and ignoring people’s negative comments helped them to excel and have their capabilities visible in the community. The study exhibited evident manifestations of discrimination, gender stereotyping, and gender inequality. Thus, the study enlivens awareness of the underlying realities of women even in this new era.

The main goal of this study was to characterize the respondents who work as online English teachers in Lanao del Norte in terms of their age, gender, civil status, field of specialization, monthly income, employment status, length of service as online English teachers, career before working as an online English teacher, and the seminars, workshops, and training they attended; the reasons for teaching English online; the difficulties encountered in teaching in the online environment; and the solutions found. The descriptive-correlational research design was used in this study to highlight the difficulties and coping mechanisms faced by the 30 respondents when teaching English online. The analysis of the data revealed no significant correlation between the factors motivating online English teachers and their difficulties, nor was there any correlation between their coping strategies and those difficulties. An action plan was put up to address the difficulties faced by the online English teacher and facilitate an easier and more efficient teaching process.

Magistrsko delo obravnava doživljanje in soočanje mladih z nesprejetostjo na prvo izbiro študijske smeri. Izbira karierne poti je za mlade pomemben korak, ki jim lahko predstavlja različne stopnje stresa. Še večja stiska pa se lahko pojavi pri mladih, ki jim je izbira preprečena. V tem primeru morajo uporabiti različne strategije, da se s stisko soočijo in problem tudi uspešno rešijo. Ker je doživljanje in spoprijemanje mladih z nesprejetostjo na izbrani študij še neraziskano področje, sem se ga odločila raziskati v svojem delu. V teoretičnem delu, preko Becka (1996, 2001, 2003), Baumana (2002, 2006, 2013), Gidennsa (2000) in Mirjane Ule (2000, 2002, 2015), predstavim družbo tveganja, v kateri trenutno živimo, in položaj mladih znotraj nje. Prehodi mladih v odraslost so danes negotovi, saj se trg dela ves čas spreminja, nastajajo nova delovna mesta, nekatera izginjajo, od mladih pa se zahteva čedalje več raznolikih kompetenc, fleksibilnosti in prilagajanja. Za današnjo družbo je značilna tudi individualizacija, ki odgovornost za družbeno ustvarjene probleme pripisuje posamezniku. Vse to pa vpliva tudi na sistem izobraževanja in na posameznikovo karierno odločanje. V delu predstavim tudi ovire na karierni poti in njihov vpliv na psihično blagostanje, pri čemer si pomagam s teorijo Janka Muska (2015), ter različne strategije, ki jih za soočanje z njimi posamezniki uporabljajo. Poseben del namenim opisu karierne orientacije v slovenskem šolskem prostoru in izsledkom raziskav različnih avtorjev, narejenih na tem področju. V empiričnem delu predstavim rezultate kvalitativne analize štirinajstih intervjujev z mladimi, ki niso bili sprejeti na prvo izbiro študijske smeri. Z raziskavo ugotavljam, kako se pri sogovornikih pokaže vpliv njihovega življenjskega konteksta na doživljanje nesprejetosti. Predstavim tudi njihove samoocene doživete stiske in kakšni so bili njihovi subjektivni razlogi za takšno doživljanje. Rezultati so pokazali, katere strategije spoprijemanja mladi uporabljajo ob soočanju z ovirami na karierni poti ter kakšen pomen pripišejo izkušnji. Ugotovitve raziskave pa pokažejo tudi, da mladim pri soočanju največ pomagajo različne oblike družinske podpore, želeli pa bi si tudi konkretnih sprememb na širšem področju karierne orientacije in strokovne podpore ob soočanju z nesprejetostjo na izbrani študijski program. Prispevek izvedene raziskave vidim v boljšem razumevanju doživljanja in soočanja mladih z ovirami na karierni poti, kritičnem pogledu mladih na področje karierne orientacije ter predlogih za njeno nadgradnjo. Hkrati pa vidim doprinos tudi konkretno k delu socialnih pedagogov, preko razumevanja, opolnomočenja in nudenja strokovne podpore mladim na njihovi negotovi karierni poti. The master's thesis discusses experiencing and coping with the rejection of their first choice of studies by adolescents. Choosing a career path is an important step for youngsters and therefore it can cause different stages of stress for them. The youth that get a rejection, can feel even a bigger distress. In that case they have to use different strategies to cope with it and successfully solve their problem. Because the experiencing and coping with non-acceptance is still an unresearched topic, I chose to research it in my thesis. In the theoretical part, with the theories by Beck (1996, 2001, 2003), Bauman (2002, 2006, 2013), Giddens (2000) and Mirjana Ule (2000, 2002, 2015), I present the risk society in which we now live and the position of adolescents in it. The youngsters’ transitions into adulthood are nowadays uncertain due to the labour market changes, the arising of new workplaces and the disappearing of old ones. Consequently, they have to possess more and more diverse competences, flexibility and adaptations. Another feature of today’s society is individualization, which ascribes responsibility for socially made problems to the individuals. All of that also affect the educational system and individual’s career choosing. In my thesis I also speak about obstacles on someone’s career path and their effect on psychological well-being with the help of the theories of Janek Musek (2015). I acknowledge as well different strategies that young people use for coping with facing obstacles. I give special attention to describing Slovenian school career counselling and the results of researches by different authors in that field. In empirical part I discuss the results of my qualitative research based on fourteen interviews with adolescents that weren’t accepted on their first choice of studies. With the research I establish how someone’s life’s setting affect their experiencing of non-acceptance. I also show their self-evaluation of distress and what their subjective reasons for such experiencing were. Results indicate which coping mechanisms youngsters use when facing career obstacles and what meaning does the experience have for them. The research shows that different ways of family support are of the most help for adolescents. However, they would also like some actual changes on the vide field of career counselling and some more professional support when dealing with rejection of their first choice of studies. I see the value of this research in improving the understanding of experiencing and coping with the obstacles on someone’s career path, in the critical view of the youth on career counselling and their suggestions for its upgrade. Concurrently I see the contribution of this thesis on the work of social pedagogues through understanding, empowering and offering professional support to the youth throughout their uncertain career path.

Providing palliative care can be both challenging and rewarding. It involves emotionally demanding work and yet research shows that burnout is lower than in other fields of health care. Spontaneous expressions of gratitude from patients and family members are not uncommon and are highly valued. This study explored the experience of Spanish palliative professionals who received expressions of gratitude from their patients and families. A phenomenological approach was used to better understand the role of receiving gratitude in participants’ lives. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a phenomenological approach to analysis was undertaken using macro-thematic and micro-thematic reflection. Two team members independently engaged in this reflection with an inductive approach. The analysis was shared and discussed at periodic meetings to identify the key themes and sub-themes of the gratitude experience. Ten palliative professionals were interviewed. Participants engaged in a process of recognizing, internalizing, and treasuring the expressions of gratitude which they then used for reflection and growth. These expressions were a powerful and deeply meaningful resource that the palliative professionals revisited over time. Receiving expressions of gratitude invited a stronger sense of the value of one’s self and one’s work that was motivational and protective, particularly during challenging times.

Using a nationally representative monthly survey, administered both before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides estimates of household responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan, focusing on (i) short-term dynamic impacts on household economic outcomes and food security, (ii) heterogenous effects across different households, and (iii) coping with income shocks resulted from the pandemic. Parametric and non-parametric event studies are estimated to quantify the short-run dynamic impacts of the pandemic on household activities. The findings show that household employment and income dropped, and food insecurity immediately worsened with the first confirmed COVID-19 cases and continues to deteriorate six months into the pandemic in Tajikistan. The extent of the impacts varies depending on locations, pre-pandemic income levels, and household sizes. In response to the income shock brought about by the pandemic, households increased borrowings and reduced food and health expenditures. These results are robust to different specifications.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) placed healthcare professionals (HCPs) at a higher risk for stress-related conditions. Implementing a brief online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) was hypothesised to transform the HCPs' ability to cope with stress by enhancing their self-care. AIM: This study aimed to explore the impact of an online MBI on HCPs' self-care practices and determine if personality traits were a moderating variable. SETTING: An online MBI was implemented for HCPs working in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. METHODS: A quantitative study design included a pre-assessment and post-assessment component, which allowed paired comparison and regression analysis to confer correlations. Data were collected via two validated instruments: the Mindful Self-Care scale-2018 and the Big Five Personality test RESULTS: Forty-nine HCPs participated in the study. Significant improvements were found in all the major self-care subscales post-intervention (p < 0.05). No significant associations were found between the personality traits and self-care except for neuroticism, which appeared to be an essential moderating variable. CONCLUSION: An online MBI significantly impacted health professionals' ability to care for themselves, despite their personality styles. CONTRIBUTION: The impact of an online MBI on HCPs' self-care during the most intense time of stress and with a cohort of people known to be the most vulnerable to stress, namely those with neuroticism to date, has not been commented on.

Anyone who desires to improve their standard of living, alleviate poverty, and have an opportunity over others regarding employment and profession needs to receive an education. However, there are various struggles that students encounter in their journey. Thus, this qualitative study scrutinized the financial challenges of grade 11 students and how they cope with them. Twelve (12) informants eligible to participate in the study were interviewed through focus group discussion (FGD). In utilizing Colaizzi’s method, three themes emerged, and these are (1) Insufficient amount of daily allowance, (2) Relying on one income, and (3) Prioritization of Wants over Needs. Most informants revealed that they only have an average daily budget of fifty pesos, with almost half of that amount going toward transportation expenses, forcing them to forgo buying food for their snacks. Also, relying on one source of income is seen as a financial challenge because some of the informants have siblings who are also enrolled in school, necessitating them to take on side jobs to supplement their income. They prioritize their wants over their necessities, another noteworthy response from the informants. They assert that they must change their perspective and put personal needs before personal wants when making financial decisions. The researchers concluded that teachers should spend some time engaging in in-depth dialogues with their students and giving them a variety of inquiries about their lives and daily activities.

This study revolves around the encounters of teenagers regarding body shaming. Specifically, the study determines the teenagers' coping mechanisms and their insights on body shaming. The purpose of this study is to highlight the detrimental role of body shaming among teenagers, which is consistent with the fact that it frequently causes low self-esteem, low body dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms among teenagers in the Municipality of Midsayap. Purposive sampling was used, including six teenagers selected per sex category, living in the Municipality of Midsayap, aged 13-19. This study utilized a qualitative research design through one- on-one interviews, specifically phenomenological. Data were analyzed through the thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke (2006) . Study showed that insecurities about body weight, unhealthy eating habits, insulting comments, low self-esteem, mental health issues, and distracted academic responsibilities were the challenges encountered by teenagers. Moreover, it was also revealed that teenagers cope with challenges by embracing themselves, seeking help to lose weight, unwinding, avoiding social media, and unhealthy eating habits and sleep schedules. In addition, results showed that ceasing body shaming, being sensitive, minding one's own body, and building one's self-confidence were the insights of teenagers on body shaming as a victim of it. The study's findings led the researchers to conclude that body shaming can damage and leave lifelong trauma to the teenager's mental, physical, and social well-being. With the presented information, programs relating to

Nurses are one of the most vital frontlines in combating and alleviating the spread of the novel coronavirus, commonly known as COVID–19. The study aimed to describe the lived experiences of overseas Filipino nurses working in Western and Middle Eastern countries amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study utilized a descriptive-phenomenological method research design and was conducted online in the City of Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. The respondents of this study were the selected five (5) Overseas Filipino Nurses in Western countries and five (5) Overseas Filipino Nurses in Middle–Eastern countries. Colaizzi's Thematic Analysis was used to analyze the data. This study presented emergent themes of stressors, coping mechanisms, short/long-term effects, and participants' responses based on their lived experiences. Overseas Filipino nurses are not just "modern-day heroes" but also "modern-day shepherds" who constantly look for greener pastures for their families in the Philippines. With family and friends as shoelaces that strengthen the difficult journey, overseas Filipino nurses put their "Leg – On," a term derived from the Ilonggo term "Malig- on," which means strong in facing the difficulties and realities of working in another country.

Background: COVID-19 imposed challenges on professional sport, with restrictions leading to the delay in the completion of the South African Premier Soccer League (PSL). Creating a biologically safe environment (BSE) provided a solution enabling the 2019/2020 season to be completed. Objectives: Evaluating the impact that the BSE had on player wellness and what coping mechanisms were used in the BSE. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to PSL teams on the final weekend in the BSE. It consisted of three validated psychology questionnaires. An additional section focused on the impact and coping strategies during the PSL’s BSE. Results: A total of 37 completed questionnaires were analysed. General anxiety (4.7±4.2) and depression levels (4.8±3.9) were at an overall low. The health of the players, as well as separation from and concerns about family, were the greatest contributors to anxiety. Electronic communication with family and friends, social interactions with others in the BSE and time spent on self-reflection were important coping mechanisms for players. As time progressed, they adapted to the BSE. Conclusion: The BSE did not have a negative impact on the anxiety and depression levels of the respondents, with a variety of coping mechanisms key helping them adapt in the BSE.

The COVID-19 outbreak has forced the government to implement strict quarantine protocols in our country. As a result, social interaction has been limited especially among college students. Due to this fact, the researchers conducted this study to explore the personal experiences of college students of University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao on prolonged social deprivation, and to determine the different coping mechanisms they employed during the pandemic. A qualitative research design was utilized in the current study which employed Phenomenological Interpretative Research. Through purposive sampling, a total of 20 college students from different programs and departments participated in this study. The data were gathered by engaging in an online interview with the use of open-ended questions. The results revealed seven (7) major recurring themes when it comes to the experiences of the students with prolonged social deprivation which include: (1) Academic-Related Experiences; (2) Interpersonal-Related Experiences; (3) Personal-Related Experiences; (4) Anxiety-Related Symptoms; (5) Depressive Symptomatology; (6) Stress; and (7) Behavioral Improvement. Meanwhile, five (5) major themes for coping strategies were revealed by the students which include: (1) Recreational Activities and Use of Social Media; (2) Spiritual Related Activities;(3) Interpersonal-Related Activities: (4) Intrapersonal-Related Activities; and (5) Distraction Method. In conclusion, this study highlights that experiencing social deprivation in the midst of a pandemic can cause challenges and problems affecting the different aspects of the students’ lives, which can be detrimental to their mental health and well-being. However, by employing different coping strategies, the students were able to maintain their well-being amidst the pandemic.

An umbrella review (review of reviews) will be performed on the topic of stress and stressors experienced and coping mechanisms used by parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

The development and implementation of programs in public secondary schools is largely handled by non-teaching personnel. The management of the school put the non-teaching employees at the school to provide support services for running the institution. This study aimed to investigate and scrutinize the different challenges, coping mechanisms, and innovative strategies with regards to the improvement of the administrative management system in the selected public schools of Agusan del Sur Division, Philippines, during the academic year 2021–2022, given the present time of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-survey research design, with a total sample population of 27 out of the selected public secondary schools in Agusan del Sur. The survey questionnaire was distributed using a Google Form. To test the relationships between the variables, the study was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient. Based on the findings, non-teaching respondents to the conduct survey were asked how they coped with the "challenging environment due to the health crisis." The respondents effectively agreed that they needed a salary increase to support their needs or other relevant finances, which was an effective coping mechanism and strategy. Furthermore, it has been recommended that the non-teaching staff promotion process should have terms and conditions established by the school administration to ensure that those who deserve it are promoted.

Klađenje na sportske događaje vrsta je kockanja koja je sve zastupljenija u hrvatskom društvu. Alarmantni podaci u Republici Hrvatskoj ukazuju na velik broj građana koji sudjeluju u ovoj aktivnosti na mjesečnoj osnovi (17,4% muškaraca). Nažalost, trend je vidljiv i kod srednjoškolaca, od kojih se 72,9% barem jednom upustilo u neki oblik kockanja, a čak 12,9% ih pokazuje visoku razinu problematičnog kockanja. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ispitati kako neki prediktori (lokus kontrole, kognitivne distorzije, mehanizmi suočavanja i kognitivni stilovi) mogu predvidjeti učestalost klađenja na sportske događaje te je li učestalost klađenja na sportske događaje povezana s rodom i problematičnošću kockanja. Istraživanje je provedeno online, na prigodnom uzorku od 433 sudionika, u dobi od 16 do 71 godine. Rezultati multiple regresijske analize na muškom uzorku potvrđuju prethodna istraživanja o pozitivnoj povezanosti klađenja na sportske događaje i iluzije kontrole te negativnoj povezanosti klađenja na sportske događaje i suočavanja usmjerenog na problem. Povrh toga, potvrđena je i umjereno visoka pozitivna povezanost učestalosti klađenja i razine problematičnog kockanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pomoći u ranoj identifikaciji pojedinaca podložnih rizičnom ponašanju te edukaciji i intervenciji kod adolescenata i odraslih u svrhu prevencije pojave ovisničkog ponašanja. Sports betting is a type of gambling that is becoming ever more prevalent in the Croatian society. The alarming data shows that a large percentage of Croats place bets on monthly basis (17,4% of men population). Unfortunately, this trend is visible with high school students as well, 72,9% of whom report to have placed a sport bet at least once in their life. A worrisome 12,9% of high school students show severe gambling problems. The aim of this research was to determine how some predictors (locus of control, cognitive distortions, coping mechanisms and cognitive styles) might affect the frequency of one's sports betting and whether the frequency of betting is related to gender and problem gambling severity. The research was conducted online, with a convenience sample of 433 participants, aged 16-71 years. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis on male sample confirm previously found positive correlations between the sports betting and the illusion of control, as well as the negative relation of sports betting and coping mechanisms directed towards problem-solving. On top of these results, a positive moderate correlation has been confirmed between the betting frequency and addiction to sports betting. These results could help in early identification of individuals susceptible to risky behaviors, as well as with the addiction-prevention interventions aimed at adolescents and adults.

Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bu tezin temel amacı, travma ile çalışan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının deneyimlerini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda katılımcıların travma yaşamış öğrencilerle çalışırken nasıl etkilendiği ve bu etkiler karşısında hangi baş etme yöntemleri kullandıkları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma türlerinden biri olan fenomenolojik araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Travma yaşamış öğrencilerle çalışan 34 okul psikolojik danışman ile yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerin analizinde "MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020" nitel veri analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerden altı tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu temalar; (1) zorlanılan travma kaynakları, (2) stres kaynakları, (3) travma ile çalışmaya verilen tepki, (4) travma ile çalışırken hissedilen duygular, (5) travma vakaları ile çalışmanın yarattığı etkiler, (6) travma ile baş etme yöntemleridir. Araştırma sonucuna göre okul psikolojik danışmanları birçok travma türüyle çalışmaktadır ama en çok ihmal ve istismar vakalarıyla çalışırken zorlanmaktadır. Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının geçmiş travma öyküsüne sahip olması ve travmatik vakalarla empati kurması ikincil travmatik stres yaşamalarında risk faktörü olarak bulunmuştur. Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının mesleklerinin ilk yıllarında travmatik olaylardan daha fazla etkilendiği görülmüştür. Okul psikolojik danışmanları travma ile çalışırken üzüntü, endişe, çaresizlik, mutluluk, yetersizlik gibi duygular yaşamaktadır. Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının travma ile çalışmasının olumlu (duyarlı olmaları, güçlü hissetmeleri, olumlu bakış açısına sahip olmaları, şükretmeleri) ve olumsuz yanları (insanlara güvenlerinin azalması, hayata karşı karamsar ve şüpheci yaklaşmaları) olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre travmatik vakalarla çalışan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının eğitim, süpervizyon ve terapi alması kritik bir öneme sahiptir., The main aim of this thesis was to explore the experiences of school counselors who work with trauma. For this purpose, it was investigated how the participants were affected while working with traumatized students and what coping methods they used in the face of these effects. In the study, phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative approach types, was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 school counselors working with traumatized students. In the analysis of the interviews, " MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020" qualitative data analysis program was used. Six themes emerged from the obtained data, These themes are; sources of trauma that are difficult to work with, sources of stress, reactions to working with trauma, emotions felt while working with trauma, the effects of working with trauma cases and methods of coping with trauma. According to the results of the research, school counselors work with many types of trauma, but they have the most difficulty while working with cases of neglect and abuse. School counselors' having a history of past trauma and empathizing with traumatic cases have been identified as risk factors for experiencing secondary traumatic stress. It has been determined that school counselors are more affected by traumatic events in the first years of their profession. School counselors experience feelings such as sadness, anxiety, helplessness, happiness and inadequacy while working with trauma. It has been observed that school counselors' working with trauma has positive effects (being sensitive, feeling strong, having a positive perspective, being grateful) and negative effects (decreasing confidence in people, pessimistic and skeptical approaches towards life). According to the results of the research, it is critical that school counselors who work with traumatic cases receive training, supervision and therapy.

The ego competency model (ECM) presented to students in a structured education program uses a pre-experimental design with a one group pre- and posttest approach to evaluate whether the ego competency model will result in an increase in ego competence while improving adaptive coping. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the ego competency model in improving students' ability to use coping mechanisms. A pre-experimental design with a pretest group and a posttest approach was chosen to carry out the study. A total of 30 students were selected using a simple random sampling technique while studying at selected private schools in Makassar for the ego competency model intervention (14 sessions; each learning session is 50 minutes). Primary outcomes will include post-intervention effects on students' use of adaptive coping mechanisms. The pretest mean for coping mechanisms was 3.77 ± 1.69, which increased to 8.97 ± 0.72 in the posttest. The results showed that the ego competency model was effective in improving students’ ability to use coping mechanisms was statistically significant, p = 0.001

The researchers utilized Colaizzi's seven Phenomenological Approaches in the research model to answer the Grand Tour Question, “How do you describe the online learning education?" Thus, the participants who took part in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic were subjected to emotional and psychological advantages and disadvantages associated with their thoughts, feelings, and behavioral responses to the online learning experience. The study also showed that while online learning is a viable substitute for traditional education, some participants perceived environmental factors that hindered the learning process; hence, the online learning hindered and challenged participants from coping with the current circumstances, given the ability to cope. Therefore, the researcher concluded that although a certain proportion of participants stated that online learning provides a positive outcome in terms of academic performance, most of the participants still emphasized their concerns regarding their experiences in online education. Every statement was identified as being in the same situation as one another. The researchers also concluded that themes and subthemes are also interrelated; this means that when a problem a participant perceives is present, it also affects their other concerns, which can be seen as a connection. The researchers finally concluded that emotional and psychological experiences, perceived complements, perceived challenges, environmental barriers to learning, and adaptation approaches to online learning all were answered the study's main question, "How do you describe your online learning experiences?" Keywords: BSN students, online education, coping mechanisms, learning experiences. Title: The Students Journey in Crossing the Threshold of Reality: Lived Experiences of Nursing Students in Online Learning Author: Ryan L. Vallejo, Angelica Angeles, Kemberly Argallon, Ma. Victoria Collantes, Carmishayne Joy Bartolome International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing ISSN 2394-7330 Vol. 9, Issue 3, September 2022 - December 2022 Page No: 166-189 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 31-October-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268186 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/The%20Students%20Journey%20in%20Crossing-31102022-9.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, ISSN 2394-7330, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Parents’ love is unconditional, truly selfless, and unending. It always protects, always hopes, and is always proud. Parenting life seems to be challenging, but despite all this, having children to nurture and a family to lean on is somehow fulfilling. This study explored the lived experiences of parents of learners with intellectual disabilities. The researcher conducted a virtual face–to–face interview to describe their parenting day–to–day experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms as parents of learners with intellectual disability. Limitations to examining the phenomenon are observed in this study. Six (6) parents of learners with intellectual disabilities were interviewed virtually, and the data gathered was transcribed using thematic analysis. The themes derived from this study were: Journey to Acceptance, The Art of Being Selfless, and The Key to Successful Co-Parenting. The exploration of themes described meaningfully and inspirationally the parents' journey when raising a child with an intellectual disability. Data gathered was supported by related literature and studies and the theoretical perspectives involving Parent Development Theory (PDT) and Lazarus and Folkman's stress and coping theory. The insights gained in this study will contribute to further parenting studies and special education and general education research. The findings of this study may enlighten parents of learners with intellectual disabilities, special education teachers, general education teachers, social workers, and others in support of awareness advocacy on the wonderful journey of parenting experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms when raising a child with intellectual disability.

This study explored the lived experiences of elementary teachers with multiple ancillary functions and how they are coping with their multiple assignments. A qualitative-transcendental phenomenology method of research was utilized, and the informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Findings of the study revealed the experiences of elementary teachers with multiple ancillary functions such as time management, work stress, and teacher productivity. Meanwhile, in terms of how they cope with the challenges of having multiple ancillary functions, the elementary teachers specified that planning ahead of time, collaborating with colleagues, and being positive in the workplace are the ways they used to alleviate the challenges and pressure that they are experiencing. Lastly, the elementary teachers uttered that building a harmonious relationship with colleagues, having a positive mindset, offering financial support, and coming up with a working schedule could help address the challenges of having multiple ancillary functions

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic threat, the Department of Education (DepEd) established the Basic Education - Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) to allow students to continue their education and teachers to conduct instruction in a safe working and learning environment. As a result, DepEd implemented the distance learning approach, including Modular Distance Learning (MDL), for the School Year 2020-2021. This paper investigated the practices, challenges, and coping mechanisms of teachers and students involved in the implementation of the MDL in Schools Division of Laoag City. This qualitative research utilized semi-structured interview guide to collect data from 20 teachers and 20 learners from elementary, junior high and senior high schools. Using the phenomenological study, data were analyzed and organized into themes. The study's major themes revealed that teachers and students began familiarizing themselves with the features of MDL but encountered challenges such as printing, distribution, and retrieval of modules, as well as monitoring of student progress on the part of the teacher and answering overloaded activities on the part of the students. They claimed, however, that they have unique coping mechanisms in dealing with the identified challenges by resolving issues independently and seeking help from family and colleagues. Finally, the Modular Distance Learning Adoption Framework (MDLAF) was developed and validated for teachers and students to effectively adopt MDL. The researchers recommended that relevant scaffolding such as capacity building, counseling and instructional support be provided to both teachers and students to effectively adopt different learning modalities such as MDL., {"references":["Angkananon, K., Wald, M., & Gilbert, L. (2013). Issues in Conducting Expert Validation and Review and User Evaluation of the Technology Enhanced Interaction Framework and Method. ICIW 2013 : The Eighth International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, 124–128.","Bao, W. (2020). COVID‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191","Billups, F. D. (2020). Qualitative data collection tools: Design, development, and applications. The Qualitative Research Methods Series. Sage.","Crawford, J., Butler-Henderson, K., Jurgen, R., Malkawi, B. H., Glowatz, M., Burton, R., Magni, P., & Lam, S. (2020). COVID19: 20 countries' higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7","Department of Education (2020). DepEd recommends 'academic ease' measures to help teachers, learners [Press release]. Retrieved from: https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/11/04/deped-recommends-academic-ease-measures-to-help-teacherslearners/","Gula, L. P. (2022). Challenges Encountered by The Teachers Handling Oral Speech Communication Courses in the Era of Covid19 Pandemic. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.52337/pjer.v5i1.431","Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.","Magsambol, B. (2020). Back to school during a pandemic: Issues that need to be solved before October 5. Rappler. Retrieved from: https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/explainers/school-opening-philippines-issues-need-solution-before-october-5- 2020","Malipot, M. (2020). DepEd assures implementation of a responsive learning continuity plan. Retrieved from: https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/04/deped-assures-implementation-of-a-responsive-learning-continuity-plan/","Malipot, M. (2020). DepEd to find ways to 'gradually shift' from printed to digital learning. Retrieved from: https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/15/deped-to-find-ways-to-gradually-shift-from-printed-to-digital-learning/","Malipot, M. (2020). Teachers air problems on modular learning system. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from: https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/04/teachers-air-problems-on-modular-learning-system/","Nalla, R. C., (2022). Lived Experiences, Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers on The Current Paradigm Shift in Education: A Phenomenological Study. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 1(1), 1-11. Available at https://www.ujer.org/11","Nunez, J., Barnachea, A., Gula, L., Jabagat, J., & Urbano, J. (2022). Filipino Students' Standpoint on Going Back to Traditional Schooling in the New Normal. Journal of Teacher Education and Research, 17(01), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.36268/JTER/17104","Sabri, S. (2017). An ICT-supported intergenerational knowledge transfer framework for family firms. IGS Biannual Publication, 12 (12). Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM, Shah Alam.","UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse"]}

Peer reviewed: True, Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the data collection and data management teams at MRC Gambia/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia., The Covid pandemic has exposed fissures of inequality through heightened food insecurity and nutritional deficiency for vulnerable social cohorts with limited coping mechanisms. Given the multi-dimensional pathways through which its effects have been felt, several researchers have highlighted the need to analyse the pandemic in specific contexts. Using random and fixed effect regression models, this study analyzed longitudinal survey data collected from 103 Mandinka households in rural and urban Gambia. The study employed convenience and snowball sampling and involved the monthly collection of detailed income, food consumption, expenditure, sourcing, migration, health, and coping mechanism data through mobile phone interviews which yielded 676 observations. Food insecurity was manifest in terms of quality, not quantity, and spread unevenly across food types and households. Dietary outcomes and sourcing strategies were associated with location, improved sanitation, household size, changes in monthly income, Covid policy stringency, and Covid cases but these associations varied by food group. Staples were the most frequently consumed food group, and dark green vegetables were the least. Rural communities were more likely to eat more healthy millets but much less likely to consume dairy products or roots and tubers. Access to own production was also important for Vitamin A-rich foods but higher incomes and markets were key for protein and heme-iron-rich foods. Tighter Covid policy stringency was negatively associated with dietary diversity and, along with fear of market hoarding, was positively associated with reliance on a range of consumption and production coping mechanisms. Resilience was higher in larger households and those with improved water and sanitation. The number of Covid cases was associated with higher consumption of protein-rich foods and greater reliance on own produced iron-rich foods. Very few households received Government aid and those that did already had access to other income sources. Our findings suggest that the nature of food insecurity may have evolved over time during the pandemic. They also reiterate not only the importance of access to markets and employment but also that the capacity to absorb affordability shocks and maintain food choices through switching between sources for specific nutritious food groups varied by household and location.

This transcendental phenomenological study explored psychologically traumatic incidents and risk factors among international faculty members (IFMs) who experienced long-term lockdowns during the Delta and Omicron outbreak periods in East China. Based on empirical voices from 18 IFMs in Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing, this study used trauma-informed care as its primary theoretical lens to examine potential traumatic incidents and risk factors. Findings showed that participants had neuroses about the omen of lockdowns and felt exhausted and frustrated about persistent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. They also experienced or witnessed burnout and dropout due to leisure constraints. Most notably, participants had concerns about families and friends during the series of lockdowns, entailing extreme stress due to separation, illness, loss, and grief. Overall, this study provides practical implications for counseling practices about social and cultural considerations and systemic barriers that impact clients’ well-being.

Identification of root causes and associated impacts of land fragmentation is necessary to reduce future fragmentation and mitigate its impacts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and impacts of land fragmentation in a purposively selected coastal Upazila (sub-district) of Bangladesh. This study is carried out mainly based on the collected information from the individual representative of the selected 133 households. It discloses that most of the households observed the land fragmentation during their possession because of rapid population growth and breaking the joint/extended families into nuclear families. In fact, land fragmentation can increase or decrease a particular land use type. However, the results of this research confirm that there are no significant (p >0.07, based on the number of households) associations found between increasing and decreasing homestead land. In contrast, the number of households with cropland significantly (p

University students often experience both internal and external demands related to their studies. Though these demands may not be crucial for students’ success, how students cope with them can have major effects on student life, academic success, relationships, as well as overall well-being. Previous literature indicates gender differences in both frequencies and the use of different types of stress coping mechanisms among students. For example, Graves et al. (2021) study reported in a sample of undergraduate college students, that women’s coping styles were more emotion-focused than men towards the end of the semester. Similar results were reported by Eisenbarth in her 2019 study of college students. Women coped with stress using more emotional and instrumental support, while men engaged more in the use of humor (Eisenbarth, 2019). Furthermore, Anbumalar et al. (2017) stated that men have been found to use more maladaptive behaviors to cope with stress (i.e. alcohol, unhealthy eating, etc.), compared to women. Women were reported to use help-seeking behavior and social support to a higher degree than men (Anbumalar et al., 2017). Maladaptive and avoidance coping mechanisms for stress have been associated with depression. Social support, exercising, and identifying causes of stress, on the other hand, have been found to enhance well-being, which proves effective coping mechanisms for stress (Anbumalar et al., 2017). Psychological measurements of how students cope with academic demands and stress can improve the university’s understanding of students’ needs and difficulties, in turn, reinforce beneficial coping styles for students. Previous supports for gender differences show that the importance of managing students’ academic demands and stress is a diverse topic of conversation. Our study aims to look into gender differences in stress coping mechanisms related to academic demands among university students in Sweden. Suldo et al. (2015) developed the Coping with Academic Demands Scale (CADS) to measure coping for high school students pursuing advanced curricula. We will in our study apply the CADS scale, 58 items with 16 factors, in a university setting. We have adjusted items on the scale to fit university students.

This paper discusses the forms of gender-based violence experienced by women with physical disabilities in Pretoria, South Africa. It also discusses the ways of coping adopted by these women after experiencing violence. The study was qualitative in nature and involved a sample of twelve women who were selected using purposive sampling strategy. Individual interviews were conducted to collect data using a semi-structured interview guide. The data were analysed using thematic analysis method. According to the themes that emerged, the participants experienced disability related violence, emotional, financial, structural, sexual and physical abuse. In the aftermath of the abuse, participants coped by seeking professional help, support from informal networks and engaging in empowerment initiatives. It is concluded that women living with physical disabilities were not an exception to gender based violence. They suffered double jeopardy of abuse due to gender and disability. This paper recommended that there should be an increased awareness and representation of women living with physical disabilities in gender based violence platforms and in the public in general, as they seem to be a forgotten cohort at risk.

This study employed an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) which aimed to explore the lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of teachers in the public school both in elementary and secondary schools in Malolos, Bulacan. The findings of this study revealed that most teachers are significantly challenged with the poor internet connection, multitasking and multitudes of paperwork to be submitted, communication with the parents and teachers and the different modalities of learning which are cited as the contributing factors of stress and anxiety. As to the experiences of the teachers, they became a module writer, online teacher, reporter while doing the online classes and juggling with the work at home as a homemaker. However, the good experiences of this pandemic brought realization to the teachers that they were able to unleash their potential and utilized the skills needed to survive in this difficult time. Moreover, teachers coped up with the situations through prayers, listening and watching motivational videos, yoga and others became farmers too just to avoid stress. Finally, the teachers also gave their suggestions to further help other teachers also who are struggling during this pandemic. Majority of the participants gave emphasis to focus on stabilizing mental health. Others also highlighted the need to seek the assistance of other people who are knowledgeable in terms of ICT. Continuing innovation and researching to update oneself was also one of the suggested ways to deal with the current paradigm shift in education.

On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine, starting a military conflict that soon turned into a full-scale war. The Romanians have been actively involved in helping their neighbors, causing the accumulation of emotional and mental pressure upon the Romanian population exposed to such a close military conflict. This cross-sectional study assessed, through an online survey (1586 adult Romanian residents), the primary coping mechanisms, quality of life and anxiety levels in response to the psychological trauma associated with the Russo—Ukrainian war. Based on the results, focusing on and venting emotions along with behavioral disengagement were the coping strategies that had the strongest negative impact on anxiety and well-being. On the other hand, positive reinterpretation and growth were associated with less anxiety, a higher degree of overall health and better quality of life. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to be performed among the Romanian population so far. Thus, we equip mental health practitioners with the tools (real-life evidence data) that will allow them to establish a more meaningful doctor—patient relationship, maximizing therapy results.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory dermatosis with vast psychosocial burden. The objective of this study is to thoroughly analyze satisfaction with life (SWL) and coping strategies of HS patients in relation to the clinical and psychosocial factors. Methods: 114 HS patients (53.1% females; mean age 36.6 ± 13.1 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); Coping-Orientation to Problems-Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE); HS Quality of Life Scale (HiSQoL); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: SWL was low in 31.6% of HS patients. No relation was found between SWL and Hurley staging and IHS4. SWL correlated with GHQ-28 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (r = −0.603 p < 0.001), GAD-7 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), and HiSQoL (r = −0.449 p < 0.001). Problem-focused coping strategies were most commonly used, followed by emotion-focused coping and avoiding coping strategies. Significant differences were found between the following coping strategies and SWL: self-distraction (p = 0.013), behavioral-disengagement (p = 0.001), denial (p = 0.003), venting (p = 0.019), and self-blame (p = 0.001). Conclusions: HS patients present low SWL which correlates with psychosocial burden. Reducing anxiety–depression comorbidity and encouraging optimal coping strategies may be of great importance in holistic approach to HS patients.

Objective:To investigate the perceived effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown measures on food availability, accessibility, dietary practices and strategies used by participants to cope with these measures.Design:We conducted a cross-sectional multi-country online survey between May and July 2020. We used a study-specific questionnaire mainly based on the adaptation of questions to assess food security and coping strategies from the World Food Programme’s ‘Emergency Food Security Assessment’ and ‘The Coping Strategy Index’.Setting:The questionnaire was hosted online using Google Forms and shared using social media platforms.Participants:A total of 1075 adult participants from eighty-two countries completed the questionnaire.Results:As a prelude to COVID-19 lockdowns, 62·7 % of the participants reported to have stockpiled food, mainly cereals (59·5 % of the respondents) and legumes (48·8 %). An increase in the prices of staples, such as cereals and legumes, was widely reported. Price increases have been identified as an obstacle to food acquisition by 32·7 % of participants. Participants reported having lesser variety (50·4 %), quality (30·2 %) and quantity (39·2 %) of foods, with disparities across regions. Vulnerable groups were reported to be facing some struggle to acquire adequate food, especially people with chronic diseases (20·2 %), the elderly (17·3 %) and children (14·5 %). To cope with the situation, participants mostly relied on less preferred foods (49 %), reduced portion sizes (30 %) and/or reduced the number of meals (25·7 %).Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted food accessibility and availability, altered dietary practices and worsened the food insecurity situation, particularly in the most fragile regions.

Aims To examine the impact of various factors affecting nurses' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design An online cross‐sectional study. Methods Registered nurses who graduated from a nursing school in Southern California, USA, participated in the study from 20 April–10 May 2020 (N = 320). Kendall's tau correlations and multivariate logistic regression procedures were performed with stress, anxiety and depression as outcome variables. Results Most nurses reported moderate/high stress (80.1%), while 43% and 26% reported moderate/severe anxiety and depression, respectively. COVID‐19 patient care was positively associated with moderate/severe high stress (OR = 2.25; p = .012) and moderate/severe anxiety (OR = 3.04; p

Researchers have observed differences in stress levels, and coping abilities and mechanisms based on the community being studied. This paper reports on the impact of extracurricular activities and student communities on stress and coping for youth in the Seattle area. Various self-reports, distributed through school health teachers, were used to gain information on students' stress levels, coping mechanisms, and coping ability. Results indicate that general categorizations of communities and activities (music, sports, etc.) did not demonstrate a significant correlation with students' stress or coping levels. Correlations between stress and coping were found, as were correlations between stress and coping and the number of communities/activities that students were involved in. Results provide insight into how students' activity loads impact their stress and coping levels more than the specific activities they are involved in and open the door to further research in the field.

In this contribution, using a case-study approach, we focus on the assassination of Ján Kuciak and his fiancée and explore the impact and consequences that it had on the community of investigative journalists in Slovakia. By conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with top investigative journalists (N = 12), we seek to answer two questions: How have they coped with the murder of their colleague? And, how has this incident changed their everyday journalistic practices and routines when it comes to achieving and maintaining safety? We identified 12 coping actions which, based on their function, were organised into five higher order families of coping: emotional purging; sharing and support seeking; avoidance and displacement; defiance and defence; and spreading the legacy and giving meaning to the tragedy. Regarding safety and security practices, the journalists claim that their approach has fundamentally changed. A variety of measures to stay safe, both online and offline, were adopted both on the organisational and on the individual level. However, many of these measures are not used consistently, mostly because they are not deemed necessary when covering non-sensitive topics, but also because of their impracticality in everyday journalistic work, and sceptical and fatalistic approach of the journalists to safety.

In spite of a great relevance of the Common EU Asylum System (CEAS) for the whole, still ongoing, EU migration crisis, few academic research focuses on the CEAS implementation at national level and/or in comparative perspective. This explorative study aims to fill this exact gap offering, through a crucial case study perspective, up-to-date data on the CEAS implementation in Italy. The focus of the article is on the judicial stage through which asylum seekers appellate the rejection decisions taken (in first instance) by the governmental administrative bodies at territorial level. In fact, the Italian asylum procedure has been modified in 2017 setting up specialized sections, within the Italian lower courts, dealing with migration issues. Such specialized sections have gradually become crucial institutions in implementing the CEAS in Italy. Here, adopting the Street Level Bureaucracy (SLB) perspective, the study aims to disentangle the margin and the use of discretion (coping mechanisms, strategies and perception of their job) adopted by Italian judges dealing with international protection. The paper aims also to show the added value of adopting such an original perspective, discussing the potential implications of judges behavioural discretion in terms of policy goals and potential impact on asylum seeker rights.

International students bring academic, cultural, and economic value to universities around the world. However, adjustments for these students can be difficult as a result of culture shock, resulting in early exit from the university. In order to help inform university personnel on how to better assist international students, this study examines the interpersonal, psychological, and physiological symptoms of culture shock of three Korean international graduate students at a large public university in the southwest United States. Data were collected through three interviews and seven weekly online journals. The findings uncovered the existence of culture shock for each of the three participants to differing degrees at various times throughout the semester. In particular, a comparatively higher incidence of interpersonal and psychological culture shock symptoms compared with physiological ones was displayed, thus showing strong support for theories that conceptualize culture shock as individualized in nature. In addition, the data revealed that personal characteristics, family, religion, and exercise all played a role in the participants' abilities to cope with culture shock. The results of this study could help universities better understand and support international students, ensuring that the university can benefit from the unique value these students bring to campus.

Several professionals, including teachers, have been engrossed in fear of the worst happening due to COVID-19 and the rapidly evolving nature of the virus affecting the perception of safety in any working environment. This study examined teachers’ perception of classroom safety, anxiety, and coping strategies during instructional delivery in senior high schools in Ghana. Adopting the cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach, a convenient sample of 174 senior high school teachers in the Cape Coast Metropolis completed a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. The findings showed that teachers perceived their classroom environment as unsafe during instructional delivery amidst COVID-19 and reported modest to extreme levels of anxiety. Further, teachers with a high level of COVID-19 anxiety were found to utilize active coping strategies to manage stressful situations. The reported unsafe working environment in schools during pandemic times highlights the critical role of supportive working environments for teachers’ mental and psychological wellness. School counseling psychologists, school welfare officers, and school health coordinators should collaborate to implement interventions (e.g., social emotional learning; resilience strategies) that promote the wellbeing of teachers and a safe working environment.

Background: Adult sexual assault (ASA) is often associated with negative mental health consequences. The psychological needs of ASA survivors are overlooked while the legal and social needs focused on. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study. The ASA survivors who came for medical evaluation were included in the study after obtaining consent. Fifty ASA survivors were interviewed for the study. Psychopathology, perceived social support, and coping mechanisms were assessed during interview using especially designed semi-structured pro forma. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.6 ± 7.2 years. Forty-one of 50 survivors suffered from major depressive disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder or both with 33 expressing suicidal ideas. Maximum social support was perceived from family and least from significant others such as health-care workers, police, and judiciary. Problem solving and expressive action are associated with better perceived social support by family as well as friends. Conclusion: Depression and suicidal ideas among majority the survivors of ASA highlight the mental devastation the sexual assault causes to a woman. Although family is primary social support to them, health-care workers and law enforcement officials are not perceived as supportive toward the survivors. Routine mental health assistance and empathetic approach by all parties involved in the management of survivors are needed in these cases.

Probation officers (POs) operate in a high-risk environment. They are vulnerable to mediatic and political backlash and are confronted with managerial innovations that can conflict with their values. A thematic analysis of 29 interviews with Belgian POs reveals that classical coping mechanisms caused by time shortages, such as rationing and prioritization, are amplified by managerialism. POs also break rules which present limited meaningfulness and routinize offender control to alleviate pressure from accountabilities to both managers and the general public. The study demonstrates that managerialism and accountabilities to the managers, the public, and the politicians model coping mechanisms in high-risk environments.

Vicarious trauma (VT) has been studied in mental health experts for over 30 years due to their engagement with victims of trauma and exposure to details of events, crimes, and tragedies experienced by their patients. Recently, VT studies have been extended to first responders as they also engage with victims on a level which may affect their own wellbeing. First responders involved in the criminal justice system, such as law enforcement personnel, have benefited from these studies as the results have helped drive organizational change. However, other professionals throughout the criminal justice system, such as forensic scientists, have had far fewer studies published, and the awareness of VT they may be experiencing has only recently come to light. While this review is not exhaustive of all literature on VT, it showcases key studies and research gaps that could benefit the forensic science community and associated criminal justice system professionals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of two coping mechanisms, namely Acceptance and Planning, in stress management among medical students.