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Objective: Pro re nata (as needed) medications are widely used among older patients in long-term care. Current knowledge of healthcare providers’ administration of these medications and the decisions involving these medications is scarce and mainly relies on data from nursing homes. This study aims to explore how healthcare providers who work in sheltered housing for older people, experience pro re nata decision-making. Design, setting and subjects: This study used qualitative interviews of healthcare providers working in sheltered housing in mid- and eastern Norway (n=8). Data analysis was based on qualitative, latent, content analysis. Results: The analysis showed that the main experiences of the informants in the study involved the challenge of making decisions that give the professionals a good feeling about their decision, the main theme being Searching for comfort when making pro re nata medication decisions. Three sub-themes were identified within this theme: Taking, sharing and shifting responsibility, striving between resident autonomy and appropriate medication use, and struggling with and/or embracing the system. Conclusions: The healthcare providers in this study experienced PRNM decision-making differently. The informants experienced this decision-making to sometimes be challenging, due to the informants wanting to make decisions that are acceptable to both the residents and themselves.

Zaman yönetimi ortaya ilk kez, iş yükü fazla olan yöneticilerin zamanlarını daha iyi kullanmak amacıyla ortaya çıkmış, bir eğitim aracı olarak da Danimarka’dan dünyaya yayılmıştır. Zamanın sınıfta ve okul içerisindeki etkinliklerde kullanılmasında zaman yönetimi becerilerinin önemli rolü vardır. Ders öncesinde yapılan hazırlık ve planlama bu süreçlere dâhildir. Öğrencilerde ders başarısının artması ve onların derse olan ilgilerini çekebilmek için, her öğretmenin zaman planlaması becerisine sahip olması gerekmektedir. Ders esnasında veya ders sonrasında ortaya çıkacak olumsuz etkileri ortadan kaldırmak veya en aza indirmek için zaman planlama becerileri oldukça önemlidir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada, öğretmenlerin zaman yönetimi ve planlaması konusuna yönelik bir içerik analizi çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışma esnasında kullanılacak tezleri belirlemek için birtakım ölçütler belirlenmiştir. Ölçütler belirlendikten sonra “Yükseköğretim Kurulu/Ulusal Tez Merkezi” veri tabanı yardımıyla araştırmamıza ilişkin 8 yüksek lisans tezi tespit edilmiştir. Bulunan sonuçlara göre tezlerin 2010-2020 yılları arasında çeşitli illerde, çeşitli enstitülerde yapıldıkları belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen tezler “yayımlanma yılları, araştırma konuları, araştırma yöntemleri, çalışma grubu büyüklüğü, veri toplama araçları ve veri analiz yöntemleri” bakımından incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda en çok araştırmanın “Zaman Yönetimi ve İş Doyumları” konusunda olduğu tespit edilmiştir, en az yapılan araştırma konusu ise “Öğretmenlerin Zaman Yönetimine İlişkin Görüşleri” olmuştur. Araştırmacıların hepsi verilerin toplanması sırasında anketlerden yararlanmış olup üç araştırmacımızda ölçek geliştirme çalışması yapmıştır.

RESUMO A Gestão do Conhecimento holística fundamenta-se no desígnio de conceber modelos de gerenciamento do conhecimento pautados no paradigma holístico. Essa perspectiva é apontada como necessária para que se atinja uma gestão íntegra do conhecimento e um modelo com esta envergadura tende ao preenchimento da lacuna científica existente. Mediante a este gap, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a aderência do modelo de Cajueiro à Gestão do Conhecimento holística, de modo a verificar se a referida lacuna foi sanada. Para promover esta análise a abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa é empregada, fazendo uso da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Por resultado, o modelo analisado adere-se parcialmente a Gestão do Conhecimento holística, pois não contempla todas as dimensões críticas para o sucesso dessa forma de gestão. Desse modo, conclui-se, mediante a análise específica deste modelo, que a lacuna científica de um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento holístico permanece. A análise de outros modelos, considerando os procedimentos metodológicos aqui adotados, bem como a concepção de um modelo holístico, são sugestões de pesquisas futuras. ABSTRACT Holistic Knowledge Management is based on the design of knowledge management models based on the holistic paradigm. This perspective is pointed out as necessary to achieve an integral management of knowledge and a model with this scope tends to fill the existing scientific gap.Through this gap, this research aims to analyze the adherence of the Cajueiro model to holistic Knowledge Management, in order to verify if said gap has been remedied.To promote this analysis the qualitative-quantitative approach is employed, making use of the technique of Content Analysis.As a result, the analyzed model partially adheres to Holistic Knowledge Management, since it does not contemplate all the critical dimensions for the success of this form of management.Thus, it is concluded, through the specific analysis of this model, that the scientific gap of a holistic Knowledge Management model remains. The analysis of other models, considering the methodological procedures adopted here, as well as the conception of a holistic model, are suggestions for future research.

Background: Until recently, clinical ultrasound technology was limited to the hospital-based disciplines, and few studies assessed training in focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) in primary care. We designed an interview study among general practitioner (GP) registrars taking part in an FCU training program and discussed their experiences compared to their documented skills.Methods: This qualitative content analysis used an inductive approach. Five GP registrars and their tutor participated in semi-structured individual interviews during April–July 2017. Participants were interviewed after they each had conducted 20 supervised and 7–10 independent examinations and were encouraged to complete self-directed study using video tutorials on web-based platforms. FCU examinations of study patients recruited from primary care clinics were conducted with a hand-held device (Vscan 1.2) at the Centre of Clinical Research, Östersund Hospital, Sweden. Results: We identified two categories of information: the prerequisites of learning FCU and the acquisition of skills for professional development. Combining theoretical education with hands-on tutorials was an essential part of FCU learning. However, participants suggested that the training program should include group tutorials to give a deeper understanding of scanning positions and a reference standard for evaluating the FCU recordings. In skill acquisition, participants experienced more confidence in performing the technical aspects of FCU than in interpreting the images to evaluate cardiac function. The participants saw several possibilities for applying FCU in primary care, including as a screening tool in rural clinics or to support referrals to specialized care.Conclusions: After completing 20 supervised FCU training sessions, previously inexperienced examiners felt that assessment of cardiac function was more difficult than acquiring adequate ultrasound images. To gain confidence in assessment of cardiac function, respondents suggested personal feedback and group tutorials with discussion of clinical examples in smaller groups for improvement of learning. Demographic differences between patients seen in hospital wards and primary care clinics should also be considered in the design of FCU training programs. Trial registration: NTC02939157, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Negative factors in shaping the content complicate the process of finding the necessary data when scanning various sources. Increase in volume and change of relevance or dynamics of the content streams (systematic and irregular updates) leads to duplication, information pollution and redundant results in content search. Comprehension and generalization of large dynamic content streams which are continuously generated by Internet resources requires new methods/approaches to search such as content monitoring. Input information for content monitoring is a text in any natural language presented as a sequence of symbols, whilst output information is provided as tables of sections, sentences and lexemes of the analyzed text.

This paper draws on the literature on party competition and issue ownership to assess whether political membership on the right-left dimension explains party stances on migration. While some scholars argue that on this issue a clear distinction between left and right exists, some more recent quantitative and fine-grained analyses show a more nuanced picture. According to them, a clear difference in narratives exists only when the salience of the issue is high, under pressure of the electoral success of a far-right party or about specific policy issues. This paper further investigates this aspect in the context of the 2015 refugee crisis. It looks at the positions held by the main centre-left, centre-right, Radical Right, and Populist Parties in the Italian, British, and European Parliaments. The content analysis shows that centre-left parties frame the refugee crisis mainly as a humanitarian emergency and held pro-European Union (EU) positions, while centre-right parties differ substantially between Italy and the United Kingdom. Both radical right and Populist Parties exploit the political-opportunity offered by the refugee crisis to foster their anti-establishment claims. Moreover, Radical Right Populist Parties stress the need to secure external borders and restore national sovereignty, against further integration. At the EU level, left- and right-wing groups (Socialist and Democrats Party, European Conservatives and Reformists Party, and European People’s Party) are cohesive, while the populist group (European Freedom and Direct Democracy Party) is not. This paper adds on the academic debate on the refugee crisis, showing how the immigration issue can impact on domestic and European party politics, challenging party identities and alliances.

This article examines how the three dailies Fædrelandsvennen, Agderposten and Lindesnes in southern Norway cover stories with references to religion and worldview. What characterizes these items, and how do the editors explain the coverage? The study concludes that religion and worldview rarely constitute the main theme. When they are on the agenda, they customarily refer to Christian events and happenings. Islam is covered mainly by news agencies, usually about matters far away. Low status, low interest and lack of knowledge are some of the reasons editors give when explaining why stories about religion are rarely given priority.

Our content analysis of Norway’s largest morning newspaper Aftenposten in a composite week and in four time-cuts between 1950 and 2008 reveals that, in terms of number of words, news stories expanded until 2008 when the newspaper changed to tabloid format with a mixture of both very short and very long articles. In more recent years, news stories have tended to have wider time frames and be less event-oriented. The simpler forms, such as reports of meetings and social events, etc., have also diminished considerably in number as have published stories. Journalists have become more visible – as commentators – in the past twenty years.

This article presents part of a broad bibliographic study of journalism research carried out in Norway, Sweden and Denmark in the period 1995 to 2009. An increase in empirical and particularly qualitative research throughout the period is shown, with growing attention paid to the content of and conditions for journalistic work at the expense of more theoretical and historical publications. The study also reveals some preserving features, such as a preoccupation with news and newspapers, and a lack of attention to the new digital and social media. Certain traces from the latter part of the period suggest that this may be about to change.

ResumenComo objeto de análisis científico, toda investigación en Comunicación no se realiza apoyándose únicamente en bases teóricas (IGARTUA, 2006), sino también en la prerrogativa de los contenidos producidos en cuanto a análisis ético y estético difundidas por las industrias culturales (FECHINE, 2008). Espejo de identidad nacional, la industria de la TV desempeña un rol de institución socializadora, reflejando en los valores, actitudes y conductas de la sociedad contemporánea (WOLTON, 1998). Presentamos una investigación empírica cuantitativa a partir del análisis de contenido de la programación de las emisoras abiertas en el Estado de São Paulo en el año de 2012. Los resultados demuestran que, la estructura que compone la parrilla de las emisoras examinadas responde por si sola a la ideología de mercado de cada emisor y su identidad programática. ResumoComo objeto de estudo científico, toda pesquisa em Comunicação não deve ser realizada baseando-se unicamente em termos teóricos (IGARTUA, 2006), mas também na prerrogativa dos conteúdos produzidos enquanto análise ética e estética difundidos pelas indústrias culturais (FECHINE, 2008). Espelho da identidade nacional, a indústria de TV tem um papel importante como uma instituição socializadora, refletindo os valores, atitudes e comportamentos da sociedade contemporânea (WOLTON, 1998). Apresentamos neste artigo, uma pesquisa empírica quantitativa, a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo da programação das emissoras abertas no Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2012. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura que compõe as grades de programação responde por si só ideologia mercadológica de cada emissor. AbstractAs an object of scientific study, all Communication research should not be carried out based only in theoretical terms (IGARTUA, 2006), but also in the prerogative of the content produced as for ethic and aesthetic analysis disseminated by cultural industries (FECHINE, 2008). A mirror of the national identity, the TV industry has an important role as a socializing institution, reflecting the values, attitudes and behaviors of contemporary society (WOLTON, 1998). We present in this paper, a quantitative empirical research from the technique of the content analysis of the public broadcasting programming in the State of São Paulo in 2012. The results show that the structure that makes up the public broadcasting TV answers for itself the marketing ideology of each issuer.

The cultural dimension of Uncertainty Avoidance is analysed in this study of an introduction to blended learning for international students. Content analysis was conducted on the survey narratives collected from three cohorts of management undergraduates in the United Arab Emirates. Interpretation of certainty with blended learning was found in: student skills with technology; student acknowledgement of course organisation; and student appreciation of online feedback. Uncertainty with the introduction of blended learning was found: when membership was assigned for group work, higher quality research methods were introduced; where course structure lacked detail, increased time was required for new and different online activities. These international students, from countries with a high score on Uncertainty Avoidance, exhibited that dimension when introduced to blended learning. The implications of these findings are discussed, and strategies suggested for introducing blended learning to international students. The limitations of the study are considered, and a direction for future research is suggested. This is the first study on undergraduates in the Middle East for the effects of a cultural dimension when introducing blended learning. The findings increase the body of knowledge that relates to learning technology in the international business classroom.Keywords: learning culture; blended learning pedagogy; differentiating cultures; learning design(Published: 15 May 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2013, 21: 18461 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.18461