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RESUMEN La ingesta diaria de hortalizas se relaciona con menor riesgo de cáncer, diabetes, enfermedades coronarias y obesidad, pero partes de estos alimentos como cáscaras, tallos y hojas no son reutilizadas, aumentando los desperdicios e impactando negativamente al medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer el valor nutricional de hojas y tallos de apio, betarraga y brócoli del Mercado Mayorista Lo Valledor en Santiago de Chile. Un total de 6 muestras se recolectaron desde puntos de ventas del Mercado Mayorista, 3 de hojas de hortalizas (apio, betarraga y brócoli) y 3 de tallos (apio, betarraga y brócoli). La recolección, preparación y entrega de las mismas se realizaron de acuerdo a protocolos indicados por el laboratorio encargado de realizar los análisis nutricionales. Las hojas de betarraga presentaron mayor contenido de proteínas (2,6 g), fibra dietética total (4,5 g) y fibra dietética insoluble (3,3 g) que los tallos, pero estos aportan más carbohidratos (7 g). Las hojas de apio tienen más calorías (20,4 kcal), proteínas (2,4 g), fibra dietética total (7,4 g), fibra dietética soluble (1,3 g) y fibra dietética insoluble (5,3 g) aunque los tallos presentan un contenido superior de carbohidratos (4,1 g). Finalmente, las hojas de brócoli destacan por su contenido de carbohidratos (9,0 g), proteínas (2,5 g), fibra dietética total (10,4 g) y fibra dietética insoluble (7,9 g). De acuerdo al valor nutricional obtenido, estos excedentes son una opción de alimento en la dieta diaria de las personas y su valorización debe ser contemplada. ABSTRACT The daily intake of vegetables is related to a lower risk of cancer, diabetes, coronary diseases and obesity, but parts of them such as peels, stems and leaves are not reused, increasing waste and negatively impacting the environment. The objective of this work was to establish the nutritional value of celery, beetroot and broccoli leaves and stems from the Lo Valledor wholesale market in Santiago, Chile. A total of 6 samples were collected from sales points of the Lo Valledor wholesale market, 3 from vegetable leaves (celery, beetroot and broccoli) and 3 from stems (celery, beetroot and broccoli). The collection, preparation and delivery of them were carried out according to protocols indicated by the laboratory in charge of carrying out the nutritional analyzes. The beet leaves had higher protein content (2.6 g), total dietary fiber (4.5 g) and insoluble dietary fiber (3.3 g) than the stems, but they provide more carbohydrates (7 g). Celery leaves had more calories (20.4 kcal), protein (2.4 g), total dietary fiber (7.4 g), soluble dietary fiber (1.3 g), and insoluble dietary fiber (5.3 g) although the stems have a higher carbohydrate content (4.1 g). Finally, broccoli leaves stand out for their content of carbohydrates (9.0 g), proteins (2.5 g), total dietary fiber (10.4 g) and insoluble dietary fiber (7.9 g). According to the nutritional value obtained, these surpluses are a food option in the daily diet of people and their valorization should be contemplated.

This study aimed to explore how exogenous proline induces salinity tolerance in celery. We analyzed the effects of foliar spraying with 0.3 mM proline on celery growth, photosystem, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant system under salt stress (100 mM NaCl), using no salt stress and no proline spraying as control. The results showed that proline-treated plants exhibited a significant increase in plant biomass due to improved growth physiology, supported by gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Calvin cycle enzyme activity (Ketosasaccharide-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase) results. Also, proline spraying significantly suppressed the increase in relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content caused by salt stress, suggesting a reduction in biological membrane damage. Moreover, salt stress resulted in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions and 4-coumaric acid accumulation in celery, and their contents were reduced after foliar spraying of proline. Furthermore, proline increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced ascorbic acid, glutathione, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, total phenolic acids, and total flavonoids). Additionally, proline increased the activity of key enzymes (ascorbate oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) in the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle, activating it to counteract salt stress. In summary, exogenous proline promoted celery growth under salt stress, enhanced photosynthesis, increased total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents, and improved antioxidant capacity, thereby improving salt tolerance in celery.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a well- known plant and at the basis of the culinary tradition of different populations. In Italy, several celery ecotypes, presenting unique peculiarities, are grown by small local producers, and they need to be characterized, in order to be protected and safeguarded. The present work aims at developing a fast and non-destructive method for the discrimination of a common celery (the "Elne" celery) from a typical celery of Abruzzo (Central Italy). The proposed strategy is based on the use of an e-eye tool which allows the collection of images used to infer colorgrams. Initially, a principal component analysis model was used to investigate the trends and outliers in the data. Then, the classification between the common celery (Elne class) and celery from Torricella Peligna (Torricella class) was achieved by a discriminant analysis, conducted by sequential preprocessing through orthogonalization (SPORT) and sequential and orthogonalized covariance selection (SO-CovSel) and by a class-modelling method called soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCAs). Among these, the highest accuracy was provided by the strategies, based on the discriminant classifiers, both of which provided a total accuracy of 82% in the external validation.

Ayman M Mousa,1,2 Khaled S Allemailem,1,3 Fahad A Alhumaydhi,3 Faris Alrumaihi,3 Ahmad Almatroudi,3 Ameen S Alwashmi,3 Mohammad Aljasir,3 Osamah Al Rugaie,4 Abdullah SM Aljohani,5 Khaled EA Soliman,4,6 Mohamad Y Rezk,4,7 Ahmed MS Hegazy,8,9 Hanan S Seleem4,10 1Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt; 3Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt; 7Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, 44519, Egypt; 8Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt; 10Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum, EgyptCorrespondence: Ayman M MousaDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 598146171Email a.mousa@qu.edu.saBackground: Ifosfamide (IFS) has potential complications such as nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Although mesna can prevent IFS-induced cystitis by direct binding and neutralization of acrolein, HC symptoms have still been observed clinically in most of these cases. Celery is a powerful healing vegetable that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The current study evaluated the synergistic effects of mesna and celery seed on IFS-induced HC in rabbits.Methods: Twenty male rabbits (four groups) were administered distilled water, IFS, mesna, and mesna+celery seed cotherapy (MCC) for three weeks. The serum and urinary bladder of experimental rabbits underwent biochemical (TNF-α, MDA, iNOS, SOD, GPx, and CAT), histopathological and ultrastructural investigations to evaluate the structural changes of the urinary bladder (UB).Results: IFS injection resulted in severe cystitis with a remarkable increase in the scale of hematuria, elevations of TNF-α, MDA, and iNOS activity, and reduced activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT antioxidants. Additionally, the structure of UB exhibited evident mucosal edema and ulceration. In contrast, the MCC regimen group revealed partial synergistic improvement of all mentioned parameters.Conclusion: IFS induced cystitis by releasing acrolein, which exerted a significant role in the pathogenesis of HC. In contrast, the MCC intake partially ameliorated the UB damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Keywords: ifosfamide, mesna, celery, hemorrhagic cystitis, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory

Background Ifosfamide (IFS) has potential complications such as nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Although mesna can prevent IFS-induced cystitis by direct binding and neutralization of acrolein, HC symptoms have still been observed clinically in most of these cases. Celery is a powerful healing vegetable that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The current study evaluated the synergistic effects of mesna and celery seed on IFS-induced HC in rabbits. Methods Twenty male rabbits (four groups) were administered distilled water, IFS, mesna, and mesna+celery seed cotherapy (MCC) for three weeks. The serum and urinary bladder of experimental rabbits underwent biochemical (TNF-α, MDA, iNOS, SOD, GPx, and CAT), histopathological and ultrastructural investigations to evaluate the structural changes of the urinary bladder (UB). Results IFS injection resulted in severe cystitis with a remarkable increase in the scale of hematuria, elevations of TNF-α, MDA, and iNOS activity, and reduced activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT antioxidants. Additionally, the structure of UB exhibited evident mucosal edema and ulceration. In contrast, the MCC regimen group revealed partial synergistic improvement of all mentioned parameters. Conclusion IFS induced cystitis by releasing acrolein, which exerted a significant role in the pathogenesis of HC. In contrast, the MCC intake partially ameliorated the UB damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects., Graphical Abstract

Temperature rise is one of the most challenging climate change impacts that increase the intensity of heat stress. In this investigated the production of celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum F1 hybrid)) was tested during the late season. The experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The experimental design is a split-plot, the main plots consist of three low tunnel cover treatments, and three spray treatments with three replicates in sub-main plots. Results showed that the use of white net cover gave the highest vegetative growth and yield followed by the black net. Values of plant yield were 951, 765, and 660 g/plant for white, black and without cover, respectively, in the first season. The foliar application of 3 mM of potassium silicate produced the highest vegetative growth and yield compared to the control treatment. Referring to the effect of spray foliar application of potassium silicate on yield 1.5 mM (S1), 3 mM (S2), and control were 892, 795, and 689 g/plant in the first season, respectively. The best combination that delivered the highest vegetative growth and yield was a cover low tunnel with a white net combined with S2 foliar application.

Relevance. Evaluation of nutritional value of seeds of agricultural crops is considered to be highly significant for revealing new sources of antioxidants for humans.Material. The aim of the present investigation was antioxidant status and selenium accumulation levels by chicory seeds (13 cultivars) and comparison of the results with antioxidants status of seeds of other root vegetables: celery (5 cultivars), parsley (2 cultivars), parsnip (3 cultivars) and carrot (7 cultivars).Results. Among agricultural crops studied chicory was characterized by 3-4 higher levels of selenium accumulation by seeds and relatively low total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Anomalously high protein content in chicory seeds may explain the efficiency of selenium accumulation while relatively low antioxidant activity may be connected with lower levels of essential oil. Direct correlations between polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity were demonstrated for carrot (r=+0.924; P 0.803; P

[ES] El presente proyecto trata sobre la ejecución de una central hortofrutícola destinada al procesado de apio, brócoli y coliflor en el municipio de Caravaca de la Cruz. El objeto del proyecto de ejecución es la descripción, el diseño y los cálculos, debidamente justificados, de la obra que va a ejecutarse (la nueva central hortofrutícola) en las mejores condiciones técnico-sanitarias posibles, de acuerdo con la legislación vigente. Se abordarán tanto los cálculos constructivos, como los cálculos de las instalaciones pertinentes. El alcance de este Trabajo fin de máster será el siguiente: memoria, donde se incluirán: la memoria descriptiva, la memoria constructiva, el cumplimiento del Código Técnico de la Edificación y los anejos a la memoria; planos; pliego de condiciones; mediciones y presupuesto y, finalmente, estudio de seguridad e higiene. Con este Trabajo fin de máster se pretende ampliar los conocimientos adquiridos durante el máster acerca de diferentes materias como proyectos, estructuras, instalaciones, etc., [EN] This project deals with the execution of a fruit and vegetable plant for the processing of celery, broccoli and cauliflower in the municipality of Caravaca de la Cruz. The purpose of the execution project is the description, design and calculations, duly justified of the work to be executed (new fruit and vegetable plant) in the best possible technical-sanitary conditions, in accordance with current legislation. Both the constructive calculations and the calculations of the relevant installations will be addressed. The scope of this Master's Thesis will be as follows: - Memory, which includes: o Descriptive Report o Construction Report o Compliance with the Technical Building Code. o Annexes to the report - Drawings - Specifications - Measurements and Budget - Program of Possible Development of the Works: A planning will be drawn up showing the execution deadlines by items or chapters. - Health and Safety Study This Master's Thesis is intended to expand the knowledge acquired during the Master's Degree on different subjects such as projects, structures, installations, etc.

Celery is widely used as a flavoring, mixture, and decoration of food, as well as beneficial for health, but its production is relatively low. One way to improve the quality and quantity of celery yields is by providing cow urine Liquid Organic fertilizers (LOF). The experiment was carried out from August until October 2021 in Sempaja Selatan Urban Village, North Samarinda District, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Single factor experiment, cow urine LOF concentration consisted of 0, 150, 300, and 450 mL L-1, arranged in a Completely Randomized Design and replicated ten times. The variables observed increased in: plant height, number of stems, number of leaves; number of tillers, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by the Least Significant Difference test at a 5% significance level. The relationship between plant dry weight with LOF concentration was determined by orthogonal polynomial regression analysis and correlation. The results showed that the effect of LOFconcentration was significantly different in all observed variables. The concentration of 450 mL LOF L-1 gave the best effect on the growth and yield of celery. The results of regression and correlation analysis obtained a linear and positive relationship. The regression equation for plant dry weight and LOF concentration is ŷ = 2.701 + 0.009x, correlation coefficient 0.9947, and coefficient of determination 0.9895.

Dilakukan pembuatan pupuk kompos dari limbah Jerami padi sawah percobaan dan seresah daun tanaman buah-buahan kebun plasma nutfah Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Garden (CSC-BG) LIPI menggunakan bioaktivator StarTmik@OK dan Tricho Plus (LIPI) dan Promi (produk komersial). Kompos yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan kepada tanaman seledri (Apium graveolens L.) di rumah kasa (screenhouse) Puslit Bioteknologi-LIPI Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah petiol daun, dan biomassa. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS ver. 24 dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (DMRT). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kompos yang berasal dari jerami padi dengan menggunakan berbagai bioaktivator menghasilkan nilai rataan pertumbuhan tertinggi yaitu tinggi tanaman (35,7 cm), jumlah petiol (23,7), dan biomassa (42,3 g) dibandingkan dengan kompos yang menggunakan bahan lainnya. Penggunaan pupuk kimia masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman seledri.Abstract The organic waste of rice straw from the experimental paddy field and broadleaf litter from the fruit germplasm garden of Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Garden (CSC-BG) was processed into compost with the addition of bioactivators. The bioactivator of StarTmik@OK and Tricho Plus (LIPI) and Promi (commercial product) was added to the composting raw materials. Produced compost was then applied to celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants in the screenhouse of RD Center for Biotechnology-LIPI. The growth parameters observed were plant height, leaf petiole, and biomass. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver.24, followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests (DMRT). The result showed that the highest growth rates, i.e., plant height (35.7 cm), number of petiol (23.7), dan biomass (42.3 g), were obtained by using rice straw compost using various bioactivators. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizer is still needed to increase the growth of celery plants.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.), a plant from Apiaceae, is one of the most important vegetables and is grown worldwide. Carotenoids can capture light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll, which plays a central role in photosynthesis. Here, by performing transcriptomics and genomics analysis, we identified and conducted a comprehensive analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes in celery and six representative species. Significantly, different contents and gene expression patterns were found among three celery varieties. In total, 237 and 290 chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were identified in seven species. No notable gene expansion of chlorophyll biosynthesis was detected in examined species. However, the gene encoding ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) enzyme in carotenoid was expanded in celery. Comparative genomics and RNA-seq analyses revealed 16 and 5 key genes, respectively, regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid. An intriguing finding is that chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were coordinately regulated by transcriptional factors, which could be distinctively classified into positive- and negative-regulation groups. Six CONSTANS (CO)-like transcription factors co-regulated chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were identified in celery. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid by transcription factors.

In this study, the inoculation effect of earthworms Pontoscolex corethrurus on celery growth (Apium graveolens L.) has been carried out in red-yellow podzolic (RYP) soils. The research studied in a pot experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 (six) treatments and 3 (three) replications. One-pot consists of 4 (four) plants. The treatments carried out were as follows: I0 (without inoculum of earthworm), I1 (inoculum of 5 earthworms pot-1), I2 (inoculum of 10 earthworms pot-1), I3 (inoculum of 15 earthworms pot-1), I4 (inoculum of 10 earthworms pot-1) and I5 (inoculum of 25 earthworms pot-1). Observation parameters were the number of tillers clumps-1, fresh biomass clumps-1 (g clump-1), and root volume (mL). The observations were statistically analyzed using variance (one-way ANOVA) and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. Treatment I5 gave the best results on celery crop in all parameters, i.e., 20.33 tillers per hill; fresh biomass per clump 113.93 g; and a root volume of 10 mL. The results showed that earthworms' inoculation into RYP soils significantly affected all parameters. There was also an increase in pH in each treatment that was inoculated with earthworms.

Growing consumer demand for clean-label “natural” products has encouraged more meat processors to cure meat products with natural sources of nitrate or nitrite such as celery juice powder. One challenge for these producers is to identify safe cooling rates in products cured with celery juice powder where extended cooling could allow growth of pathogens. The Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture recently added guidelines for stabilization of meat products cured using naturally occurring nitrites based on control of Clostridium spp. However, a knowledge gap exists for safe cooling rates that prevent the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, potential postlethality contaminants, in naturally cured ham. The study was conducted to investigate the temperature profiles of naturally cured hams of typical sizes during refrigerator cooling and to determine the behavior of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes on ham during these cooling periods. Whole hams (14 lb [6,300 g]), half hams (6 lb [2,700 g]), and quarter hams (3 lb [1,400 g]) were slowly cooked in a smokehouse until internal temperatures reached a minimum of 1408F (608C) and then were immediately transferred into a walk-in cooler (388F [3.38C]). Cooling times for hams of all sizes were within the requirements for cured products but not for uncured products. Worst-case scenarios of postprocessing surface contamination were simulated by inoculating small naturally cured ham samples with S. aureus or L. monocytogenes. These inoculated hams were then cooled under controlled conditions of 130 to 458F (54.4 to 7.28C) for 720 to 900 min. By the end of cooling, small decreases (0.5 to 0.6 log CFU/g) were found for each inoculum. These findings may help small ham processors evaluating production and quality control methods to determine whether recommended concentrations of natural curing agents used to prevent growth of clostridial pathogens may also prevent growth of other pathogens during meat cooling. Published (Publication status)

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, known by its trivial name stolbur phytoplasma, is a plant pathogen infecting numerous crops in Serbia. Celery plants with prominent leaf yellowing and chlorosis, sporadically with tissue necrosis, were observed during august 2020 in Futog, situated in Novi Sad suburbia in Vojvodina. Total of 12 sampled celery plants, 8 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic ones, were analysed for ‘Ca. P. solani’ presence. All symptomatic celery plants were infected with stolbur phytoplasma according to the stol11 gene detection and therefore were further subjected to multigene molecular characterization on three genes: tuf, stamp and vmp1. Combining molecular tools PCR/RFLP and sequencing reviled two ‘Ca. P. solani’ multilocus genotypes in celery: tuf-b/Rqg31/V14 and tuf-b/Rpm35/V14, present in 4 samples each. Obtained results of the strain genotyping are in concordance with previous data on the ‘Ca. P. solani’ diversity on celery, but supplemented with genotyping of the vmp1 gene. Outbreak of stolbur phytoplasma in the assessed locality in Futog is linked to tuf-b epidemiological cycle correlated in Serbia mainly with weed Convolvulus arvensis which was present in the subjected celery plot, and could have been the phytoplasma inoculum source. Visual evaluation of the symptom occurrence suggests on 10-15% of ‘Ca. P. solani’ affected celery plants scattered throughout the plot corresponding to the pathogen dispersal in crop by cixiid planthoper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) associated with C. arvensis, main vector of stolbur phytoplasma in Serbia. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, poznata po trivijalnom nazivu stolbur fitoplazma, biljni je patogen koji inficira brojne kulture u Srbiji. Biljke celera sa izraženim žutilom i hlorozom listova, sporadično i sa nekrozom tkiva, uočene su u avgustu 2020. u Futogu, predgrađu Novog Sada u Vojvodini. Ukupno 12 uzoraka celera, 8 simptomatičnih i 4 asimptomatične biljke, analizirane su na prisustvo ‘Ca. P. solani’. Svi simptomatični uzorci su se pokazali inficiranim stolbur fitoplazmom na osnovu analize stol11 gena i dalje su molekularno okarakterisani na 3 gena: tuf, stamp i vmp1. Kombinacijom molekularnih tehnika PCR/RFLP i sekvenciranja utvrđeno je prisustvo dva ‘Ca. P. solani’ multigenska genotipa, tuf-b/Rqg31/V14 i tuf-b/Rpm35/V14, prisutnih u po četiri uzorka. Dobijeni rezultati genotipizacije uzoraka stolbur fitoplazme odgovaraju prethodnim podacima o diverzitetu ovog patogena na celeru u Srbiji i dopunjeni su sa genotipizacijom vmp1 gena. Pojava stolbur fitoplazme u Futogu je vezana za tuf-b epidemiologiju, koja uglavnom izvire iz korovske vrste Convolvulus arvensis (poponac), koja je bila prisutna u istraživanom zasadu celera i mogla je biti izvor inokuluma. Vizuelna procena pojave simptoma pokazala je 10-15% prisustva simptomatičnih biljaka celera, nepravilno raspoređenih unutar zasada što ukazuje da je odgovorni vektor najverovatnije cikada Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) asocirana sa poponcem, najznačajniji vektor stolbur fitoplazme u Srbiji.

Bu çalışmada, bazı bitkilerin çiçek, çekirdek ve yumrularından elde edilen aromatik bitki ekstraktlarının, fermente/probiyotik yayık altı suyu üretiminde kullanılması, elde edilen ürünün fonksiyonel bileşiminin ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tatlı yayık altı suyu, S. thermophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus ve B. animalis subsp. lactis içeren karışık probiyotik kültür ile fermente edilmiştir. Çiçek ekstraktı ilaveli fermente yayık altı suyu üretiminde hibiskus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), çuha (Primula veris L.) ve gül (Rosa damascena) çiçek ekstraktları; çekirdek tozu ilaveli fermente yayık altı suyu üretiminde hurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) ve iğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia) çekirdeği tozları ve yumru tozu ilaveli fermente yayık altı suyu örneklerinde maca (Lepidum meyenii) ve kereviz (Apium graveolens) yumru tozları tatlı yayık altı suyuna ilave edilerek, ürünün fermantasyon kinetikleri, bakteri gelişimi/canlılığı, biyoaktif bileşimi, tekstürel ve duyusal özellikleri depolama boyunca incelenmiştir. Hibiskus, çuha ve gül ekstraktı; hurma ve iğde çekirdek tozu; maca ve kereviz yumru tozu ilaveleri ile üretilen fermente yayık altı suyu örneklerinde depolama süresince probiyotik bakterilerin gelişiminin arttığı ve mikroorganizma canlılık seviyesinin biyoterapötik seviyede (>6 log10 kob/g) kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Fermente yayık altı sularında toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan kapasite değerlerinde artış ile birlikte terapötik etkinin geliştirilebileceği saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda nutrasötik özelliklerine ek olarak, ürüne yoğun biyoaktif bileĢen ve pigmentleri içeren doğal gıda kaynaklı bitkisel ekstraktların eklenmesi ile duyusal nitelikleri kabul edilebilir düzeyde fonksiyonel probiyotik süt ürünlerinin geliştirebileceği saptanmıştır. In this study, it was aimed to use aromatic plant extracts obtained from edible flowers, seeds and tubers of some plants in the production of fermented/probiotic buttermilk, and to determine the functional composition and technological properties of the product. Sweet buttermilk fermented with a mixed probiotic culture containing S. thermophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, and B. animalis subsp. lactis. Fermantation kinetics, growth/viability of probiotic bacteria, bioactive composition, textural and sensory properties of the product were investigated by adding flower extracts of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), primrose (Primula veris L.) and rose (Rosa damascene) with fermented buttermilk samples; and also seed powders of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.), silverberry (Elaeagnus angustifolia), maca (Lepidum meyenii), celery (Apium graveolens) with sweet buttermilk samples. It was determined that the growth of probiotic bacteria increased during storage and the viability microorganism remained at the biotherapeutic level (>6 log10 cfu/g) in fermented buttermilk samples produced with the additions of hibiscus, primrose and rose extract, date and silverberry seed, maca and celery tuber powder. It has been determined that the therapeutic effect can be improved with the increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values in fermented buttermilk. As a result of the study, it was determined that in addition to its nutraceutical properties, the addition of natural food-derived herbal extracts containing intense bioactive components and pigments to the product can develop a functional probiotic dairy product with acceptable sensory qualities.

Celery is an important leafy vegetable that can grow during the cool season and does not tolerate high temperatures. Heat stress is widely acknowledged as one of the main abiotic stresses affecting the growth and yield of celery. The morphological and physiological indices of celery were investigated in the present study to explore the physiological mechanisms in response to high temperatures. Results showed that the antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, relative conductivity, and malondialdehyde were increased, while chlorophyll and the water content of leaves decreased under high-temperature conditions. Short-term heat treatment increased the stomatal conductance to cool off the leaves by transpiration; however, long-term heat treatment led to stomatal closure to prevent leaf dehydration. In addition, high temperature caused a disordered arrangement of palisade tissue and a loose arrangement of spongy tissue in celery leaves. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were further used to reveal the regulatory mechanisms in response to heat stress at the molecular level in celery. A total of 1003 differential metabolites were identified and significantly enriched in amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxilic acid (TCA) cycle. Transcriptome sequencing detected 24,264 different genes, including multiple transcription factor families such as HSF, WRKY, MYB, AP2, bZIP, and bHLH family members that were significantly upregulated in response to heat stress, suggesting that these genes were involved in the response to heat stress. In addition, transcriptional and metabolic pathway analyses showed that heat stress inhibited the glycolysis pathway and delayed the TCA cycle but increased the expression of most amino acid synthesis pathways such as proline, arginine, and serine, consistent with the results of physiological indicators. qRT-PCR further showed that the expression pattern was similar to the expression abundance in the transcriptome. The important metabolites and genes in celery that significantly contributed to the response to high temperatures were identified in the present study, which provided the theoretical basis for breeding heat-resistant celery.

Цель исследований – сравнительное изучение количественного содержания макро- и микроэлементов в семенах семейства Сельдерейные. В работе с использованием метода рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа изучен элементный состав семян сельдерейных культур – моркови, петрушки, сельдерея, кориандра и пастернака. Составлены индивидуальные профили (ряды по накоплению макро- и микроэлементов) и по большинству элементов отмечена их схожесть, что говорит об общности протекания процессов метаболизма у растений родственных видов. Из макроэлементов в семенах изученных видов в максимальном количестве накапливаются Ca и K, а также P, Mg, S, из микроэлементов – Fe, Zn, Mn. Различия в накоплении элементов по различным культурам зависели от вида макро- или микроэлемента. Относительно слабо различается по видам накопление Са, Р, К, Zn, Pb, Ni, Zr, а наиболее вариабельны по культурам концентрации Si, Na, Al, Br, Ti Sr, Fe. Отмечено значительное накопление Si в семенах пастернака, что нехарактерно для других изученных видов. В целом семена пастернака обладают наиболее богатым набором макро- и микроэлементов по сравнению с другими сельдерейными культурами. Проанализированные образцы семян имели большое разнообразие в минеральном составе. Многочисленные вариации среди видов, принадлежащих к одному семейству, вероятно, обусловлены индивидуальной генетической структурой, а также различными условиями выращивания., The aim of the research is to study the quantitative content of macro- and micronutrients in the seeds of the Celery family. In the work using the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis, the elemental composition of the seeds of celery crops - carrots, parsley, celery, coriander and parsnip was studied. Individual profiles were compiled (series on the accumulation of macro- and microelements) and their similarity was noted for most elements, which indicates a common metabolic process in plants of related species. Of the macrocells in the seeds of the studied species, Ca and K, as well as P, Mg, S, accumulate in the maximum amount, and of the trace elements Fe, Zn, Mn. Differences in the accumulation of elements in different cultures depended on the type of macro- or microelement. The types of accumulation of Ca, P, K, Zn, Pb, Ni, Zr are relatively weak in types, and the concentrations of Si, Na, Al, Br, Ti Sr, and Fe are most variable in cultures. Significant accumulation of Si in parsnip seeds was noted which is not typical for other studied species. In general, parsnip seeds have the richest set of macro- and microelements in comparison with other celery crops. The seed samples analyzed had a wide variety in the mineral composition. Numerous variations among species belonging to the same family are probably due to individual genetic structure, as well as different growing conditions.

M Joyce Nirmala,1 Latha Durai,2 Vineet Gopakumar,1 Ramamurthy Nagarajan1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; 2Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, IndiaCorrespondence: M Joyce Nirmala Email joycegitz@gmail.comIntroduction: Plants have always been a significant source of natural active components with biological properties. Celery seed oil (extracted from Apium graveolens) has several potential applications, but its therapeutic uses in the form of nanoemulsion formulation need to be investigated further in order to meet the demand in cancer treatment, and to alleviate the prevailing crisis arising from increased antimicrobial resistance.Methods: The therapeutic potential of celery seed oil was investigated through the formulation and testing of a nanoemulsion developed with Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) and the utilization of an ultrasonication technique. Anticancer and apoptotic properties of the formulation were evaluated through MTT and Annexin V-FITC assays. The clonogenic assay aided in the identification of the antiproliferative properties of the formulation on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The antimicrobial study was supported by agar well diffusion assay, membrane integrity test and scanning electron microscopy.Results: Experiments identified relevant parameters, including optimal surfactant concentration and emulsification time. GC-MS analysis identified various components in the celery oil, but not their biological activities. A sonication time of 20 min resulted in a droplet diameter of 23.4 ± 1.80 nm. The IC50 concentration of the optimal nanoemulsion formulation against SAS cells was 1.4 μL/mL. At this concentration, cell proliferation was significantly reduced through inhibition of the anchorage-independent cell growth by disrupting colony formation and inducing cell death (apoptosis) of cancer cells. The nanoemulsion was also treated with a microbial suspension of S. aureus, and displayed antibacterial properties through lipid membrane fusion, causing cytoplasmic leakage as verified through agar well diffusion and membrane permeability assays. Scanning electron microscopy revealed complete distortion of the bacterial pathogen.Conclusion: The results in this study present celery as a possible constituent for cancer therapeutics and as a candidate for aggressive, yet safe cancer treatment. The celery-based nanoemulsion has the potential to act as a key alternative to standard antibiotic therapy.Keywords: celery, nanoemulsion, ultrasonication, SAS cell line, antibacterial activity

M Joyce Nirmala,1 Latha Durai,2 Vineet Gopakumar,1 Ramamurthy Nagarajan1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; 2Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, IndiaCorrespondence: M Joyce Nirmala Email joycegitz@gmail.comIntroduction: Plants have always been a significant source of natural active components with biological properties. Celery seed oil (extracted from Apium graveolens) has several potential applications, but its therapeutic uses in the form of nanoemulsion formulation need to be investigated further in order to meet the demand in cancer treatment, and to alleviate the prevailing crisis arising from increased antimicrobial resistance.Methods: The therapeutic potential of celery seed oil was investigated through the formulation and testing of a nanoemulsion developed with Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) and the utilization of an ultrasonication technique. Anticancer and apoptotic properties of the formulation were evaluated through MTT and Annexin V-FITC assays. The clonogenic assay aided in the identification of the antiproliferative properties of the formulation on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The antimicrobial study was supported by agar well diffusion assay, membrane integrity test and scanning electron microscopy.Results: Experiments identified relevant parameters, including optimal surfactant concentration and emulsification time. GC-MS analysis identified various components in the celery oil, but not their biological activities. A sonication time of 20 min resulted in a droplet diameter of 23.4 ± 1.80 nm. The IC50 concentration of the optimal nanoemulsion formulation against SAS cells was 1.4 μL/mL. At this concentration, cell proliferation was significantly reduced through inhibition of the anchorage-independent cell growth by disrupting colony formation and inducing cell death (apoptosis) of cancer cells. The nanoemulsion was also treated with a microbial suspension of S. aureus, and displayed antibacterial properties through lipid membrane fusion, causing cytoplasmic leakage as verified through agar well diffusion and membrane permeability assays. Scanning electron microscopy revealed complete distortion of the bacterial pathogen.Conclusion: The results in this study present celery as a possible constituent for cancer therapeutics and as a candidate for aggressive, yet safe cancer treatment. The celery-based nanoemulsion has the potential to act as a key alternative to standard antibiotic therapy.Keywords: celery, nanoemulsion, ultrasonication, SAS cell line, antibacterial activity

Pectobacterium carotovorum is the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in a wide range of vegetable host species. Once P. carotovorum infects the plant, the spread of the disease is difficult to control. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed for detecting P. carotovorum in celery with soft rot using a primer set designed from the pmrA conserved sequence of P. carotovorum. The specificity of the LAMP primer set for P. carotovorum was extensively validated on both P. carotovorum strains and non-target strains. The sensitivity was 1 pg of P. carotovorum genomic DNA, which demonstrated 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay. LAMP was also used to detect P. carotovorum in bacterial suspension. The lowest detection concentration was 104 CFU · mL−1. In addition, a LAMP assay, in conjunction with a crude DNA extraction method, was successfully performed on P. carotovorum-infected samples derived from both artificially and naturally infected plants. In summary, the LAMP assay established in this study constitutes a simple, sensitive, and rapid method for the detection of P. carotovorum, and has potential application in the control of celery soft rot disease through early detection.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of interaction and the main influence of vermicompost and NPK Pearl 16:16:16 on the growth and yield of celery plants. This research was carried out for four months, from August to November 2018. This research used a factorial completely randomized design (RAL) consisting of two factors, where the first factor was vermicompost fertilizer (K) consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 60, 80, 100 g / polybag and the second factor is NPK Pearl 16:16:16 (N) fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 g/polybag. The observation parameters in this study were plant height (cm), relative growth rate (g), root volume (cm3), number of tillers, number of midribs, wet weight of crop (g), and age of harvest (days). The last observation data were statistically analyzed and continued with a BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between vermicompost and NPK Pearl 16:16:16 fertilizer significantly affected plant height from week two to week seven, the relative growth rate in the first week, root volume, number of tillers, number of fronds and wet weight per plant. The best treatment is K3N3 (K3 vermicompost fertilizer = 100 g /polybag and NPK Pearl 16:16:16 N3 = 2,4 g/polybag), but it has no significant effect on the age of harvest and the main effect of vermicompost and NPK Pearl 16:16: 16 significantly affected plant height, relative growth rate, root volume, number of tillers, number of midribs and wet weight of the crop, with the best treatment being K3 (vermicompost fertilizer 100 g/polybag) and N3 (NPK Pearl 16:16:16 2,4 g/polybag). Keywords: Celery, Vermicompost, NPK pearl 16:16:16

Introduction. As a trace element, selenium is present in humans as part of selenoproteins. It improves the work of the antioxidant defense system and produces a strong immunomodulatory effect. Selenium is part of about 30 biologically active compounds of human body. However, selenium deficiency is considered a global problem. The research objective was to determine the selenium content in the developed pasta products. Study objects and methods. The study featured laboratory samples of pasta made from a mix of whole wheat spelt flour, buckwheat, and low-temperature drying powders of broccoli and celery. The selenium content was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization with a palladium nitric acid matrix modifier. The experiment employed a Hitachi 180-80 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. To determine the selenium content, the samples underwent wet mineralization in nitric and perchloric acids. Adding hydrogen peroxide and ethanol made it possible to convert selenium from inorganic and organic forms into selenite ions. Results and discussion. The research involved domestic natural raw materials. The components proved to be good sources of selenium, which means that they can be used to produce functional products. The selenium content ranged from 105.7 ± 22 mkg/kg to 302.5 ± 17 mkg/kg in the samples. Taking into account the loss of selenium during cooking, the selenium content in 100 g of the finished product ranged from 13.5% to 38.5 %. Conclusion. The developed pasta products proved excellent sources of selenium. The use of buckwheat flour and vegetable powders in the formulation of wholegrain spelt dough increased the selenium content in the pasta by 40.7–186.2 %. The obtained results can be used for tables of the chemical composition of Russian food products.

Relevance. Medicinal properties of celery ( Apium graveolens L.) are connected to the most extent to high antioxidant status of plants. Material, methods and results. Comparative evaluation of polyphenols, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and photosynthetic pygments by leafy, stalk and root celery types, grown in similar conditions on experimental fields of Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Production revealed several peculiarities, typical to each form. Antioxidant activity (AOA) of seeds, leaves and petioles composed a ratio: 2.7:1.74:1 for leafy form, 2.88:1.99:1 for stalk form, while root celery AOA of seeds, leaves, roots and petioles was characterized by a ratio 3.66:2.78:1.42:1. With practically no differences in leaves ascorbic acid content between different celery forms leaves:petioles ratio for ascorbic acid reached (5.31-5.57):1 for leafy and stalk forms whereas vitamin C distribution between leaves, roots and petioles of root celery was characterized by a ratio 8.1:1.1:1. Phenolics seeds:leaves:roots:petioles accumulation ratio for root celery was equal to 1.77: 1.77: 1.33:1, whereas leaves/petioles distribution of phenolicss in stalk and leafy forms reached 1.86:1 and 1.64:1 accordingly. Polyphenols content in seeds of leafy celery was 1.4-1.5 times lower than in leaves, contrary to stalk and root celery with equal concentrations of phenolics in seeds and leaves. Leaves/petioles ratio of flavonoids was the highest for Elixir (2.87) and Atlant culivars (2.41). Root and leafy celery Samuray cv demonstrated 1.54-1.71 appropriate values. The highest chlorophyll a and b content was typical for root celery. Celery antioxidant system was characterized by positive correlations between ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, zinc and total AOA and also between the AOA ratio seeds/petioles and leaves/petioles (r=+0.99; P

Celery (Apium graveolens L) is a very popular plant as a soup and many other vegetable menus. Celery has benefits as a medicinal plant and the efficacy has been known worlwide. Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbs (Ristoja) conducted in 2012, 2015, and 2017 has collected thousands of herbs and some of them contain celery. This study carried out further analysis on the empirical use of celery as an ingredient of traditional medicine by traditional healers (Hattra) through interviews and observations. Based on Ristoja's data, they found 90 herbs and among them there were 20 local names of herbs which are used by Hattra. The celery by Hattra was empirically identified for 10 types of diseases treatment. It was used mostly for hypertension or high blood pressure treatment and justificatied scientifically through other scientific literatures. It was recommended that celery could be use for self-medication a mild hypertension patient. Celery was safe although there are still contra indications. The celery treatment should be socialized through promotive activities in elderly posyandu activities remain under supervision of health workers

The natural bioactive components and antioxidant capacity of leaves and petioles from four celery cultivars (“Benqin”, “Western”, “Baoqin”, and “Majiagou”) were compared and correlated through a nontargeted metabolomics analysis and partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis. A total of 18, 12, and 5 antioxidant components in the celeries investigated showed significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations with the DPPH and O2∙ – free radical scavenging activities and ferric ion reducing power (FRP), respectively. Apiin, apigenin, rutin and α-ionone (standard partial least square regression coefficients of 0.064–0.071) made the largest contributions to the DPPH scavenging activity, while oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, pantothenic acid, and vitamin E succinate (coefficients of 0.084–0.110) made the largest contributions to the O2∙ – scavenging activity. Comparing the levels of major antioxidants and antioxidant capacity in four celery leaves and petioles showed that celery leaves were a better source of natural antioxidants and scavenging free radicals than petioles. Among the leaves, “Majiagou” celery leaves contained the most types, and highest (P < 0.05) levels, of natural antioxidants (especially vitamins, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids), resulting in the largest O2∙ – scavenging activity. Among the petioles, “Baoqin” and “Benqin” celery petioles contained the most types, and highest (P < 0.05) levels, of dominant antioxidants that were responsible for their larger O2∙ – and DPPH scavenging activities and FRP. These results provided a scientific basis for assessing the quality and application value of these four celery cultivars.

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem caused by extensive utilization of antibiotics that promote gene resistant among bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to analyze the potential effects of celery (Apium graveolens) extract as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Celery was extracted and tested against a MRSA isolate in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA for the celery extract (CE) was determined to be 0.1% and it was formulated into a cream. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group 1, negative control; Group 2, positive control; Group 3, treated with 0.05% CE cream; Group 4, 0.1% CE cream; and Group 5, 0.2% CE cream. All animals in the groups were exposed to a full-thickness skin biopsy on the dorsal portion, and they were infected with 30 μL of 105 colony-forming units of the MRSA isolate. The treatment was administered twice a day for 7 days. The skin samples were collected on days 3 and 7 after the treatment. The skin tissue was examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Gram staining, and immunohistochemistry against cytokeratin (CK)-17. Results: Results showed that 0.2% of CE cream was the best treatment for wounds infected with MRSA. CE (0.2%) cream increased skin reepithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and CK-17 expression; it also decreased the percentage of wound area, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial colonization in skin wound tissue compared to the other treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that celery could be utilized as an alternative herbal therapy against MRSA-associated skin infections.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4, which is in F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC) Clade 2, causes a new Fusarium wilt of celery. We compared F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4 with race 2, which causes Fusarium yellows of celery and is in FOSC Clade 3. Optimal temperatures for celery yield are 16 to 18°C. Soil temperatures in California celery production areas can range up to 26°C, and the maximal rate of hyphal extension of F. oxysporum f. sp. apii races 2 and 4 in culture are 25 and 28°C, respectively. Here, we compared the effect of temperatures from 16 to 26°C on growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. apii races 4 and 2 in two celery cultivars: Challenger, which is resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2 and susceptible to race 4; and Sonora, which is susceptible to both F. oxysporum f. sp. apii races 2 and 4. Based on linear regressions, as temperature increases, there is an increase in the log of F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4 DNA concentration in celery crowns and in the reduction in plant height. Based on logistic regressions, as temperature increases, the incidence of vascular discoloration increases in celery with either F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2 or 4 infection. In both cultivars, temperatures of 22°C and above resulted in a significantly (α = 0.05) greater concentration of F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4 than race 2 in planta. The concentration of F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2 in crowns in 'Challenger' is temperature-independent and comparatively low; consequently, 'Challenger' is, at least partly, resistant rather than tolerant to F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2.

Background: In April 2021, a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) (STEC) O103 outbreak was identified among patients at two hospitals in Victoria, British Columbia (BC). The objective of this study is to describe this outbreak investigation and identify issues of food safety for high-risk products prepared for vulnerable populations. Methods: Confirmed cases of E. coli O103 were reported to the Island Health communicable disease unit. The provincial public health laboratory conducted whole genome sequencing on confirmed case isolates, as per routine practice for STEC in BC. Exposure information was obtained through case interviews and review of hospital menus. Federal and local public health authorities conducted an inspection of the processing plant for the suspect source. Results: Six confirmed cases of E. coli O103 were identified, all related by whole genome sequencing. The majority of cases were female (67%) and the median age was 61 years (range 24–87 years). All confirmed cases were inpatients or outpatients at two hospitals and were exposed to raw minced celery within prepared sandwiches provided by hospital food services. A local processor supplied the minced celery exclusively to the two hospitals. Testing of product at the processor was infrequent, and chlorine rinse occurred before mincing. The spread of residual E. coli contamination through the mincing process, in addition to temperature abuse at the hospitals, are thought to have contributed to this outbreak. Conclusion: Raw vegetables, such as celery, are a potential source of STEC and present a risk to vulnerable populations. Recommendations from this outbreak include more frequent testing at the processor, a review of the chlorination and mincing process and a review of hospital food services practices to mitigate temperature abuse.

U formi preglednog rada razmatrana je primena celerovog soka u dve različite oblasti: jedna se odnosi na očuvanje zdravlje, a druga na detekciju mutacija. Prikazan je sastav celerovog soka i ukazano na ulogu pojedinačnih komponenti u zaštiti i popravci zdravlja. Takođe je opisan efekat enzima CEL I iz ekstrakta celerovog soka u istraživanjima iz mutacione genetike. Hipotetisano je da CEL I ima potencijalni zdravstveni doprinos, mada za sada nema takvih naučnih rezultata. In the form of a review paper, the application of celery juice in two different areas was discussed: one related to preserving health, and the other to detection of mutations. The composition of celery juice is shown and the role of individual components in protecting and improving health is indicated. Also, the effect of the enzyme CEL I from celery juice extract in research on mutational genetics is described. It has been hypothesized that CEL I have a potential health contribution, although there are no such scientific results so far.

Bu tez çalışmasında, kontrol (K); kuru bakla (BK), kuru börülce (BRL), kereviz (KRVZ) ve enginar (EN) püreleri kullanılarak üretilen beş farklı set tipi yoğurtların fiziksel, kimyasal mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. 28 gün boyunca 4oC'de depolanan örneklerin depolama esnasında (1., 7., 14., 21. ve 28. günlerde) kurumadde, kül, yoğunluk, titrasyon asitliği, pH, yağ, toplam karbonhidrat, tekstür, su tutma kapasitesi, viskozite, total fenolik aktivite ve protein analizleri yapılmış olup Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ve Streptococcus thermophilus bakterilerinin sayımları için mikrobiyolojik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu analizlerden elde edilen bulgular ışığında püre haline getirilen sebze ilavesinin yoğurtlarda tekstürel ve duyusal parametreler üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu gözlenmiş, total fenolik bileşik miktarını arttırdığı görülmüştür. Enginar püreli yoğurt örnekleri, total fenolik bileşik değerinin yüksek olması ve aroma özelliklerinin olumlu yönde etkilenmesi sebebiyle ön plana çıkmış, fenolik madde miktarı yüksek olan sebzeler ile yoğurdun fonksiyonel özelliklerinin arttırabileceği görülmüştür. Fenolik bileşiklerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki faydaları göz önüne alındığında, sebze püreleri kullanılarak üretilen set tipi yoğurtların fonksiyonel özelliklerinin geliştiği saptanmıştır., In this study, the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of five different set types of yoghurts produced using control (K), dried broad beans (BK), dried cowpea (BRL), celery (KRVZ) and artichoke (EN) purees were attempted to be determined. Yogurt samples stored at 4°C for 28 days (1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days) dry matter, ash, density, titration acidity, pH, fat, total carbohydrates, texture, water holding capacity, viscosity, total phenolic activity and protein analyzes were made, to determine the numbers of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria microbiological analyzes were performed. In the results obtained in these analyzes, it was observed that the addition of pureed vegetables had a positive effect on the textural and sensory parameters of yoghurts, and it was seen that it increased the amount of total phenolic compounds. Yogurt samples with artichoke puree came to the forefront due to the high total phenolic compound value and the positive effect on the aroma properties. Considering the benefits of phenolic compounds on human health, it has been determined that the functional properties of set type yoghurts produced using vegetable purees have improved.

Male sterility is a common phenomenon in the plant kingdom and based on the organelles harboring the male-sterility genes, it can be classified into the genic male sterility (GMS) and the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). In every generation, CMS can generate 100% male-sterile population, which is very important for the breeders to take advantage of the heterosis and for the seed producers to guarantee the seed purity. Celery is a cross-pollinated plant with the compound umbel type of inflorescence which carries hundreds of small flowers. These characteristics make CMS the only option to produce the commercial hybrid celery seeds. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify genes and proteins that are associated with celery CMS. A total of 1255 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 89 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the CMS and its maintainer line, then 25 genes were found to differentially expressed at both the transcript and protein levels. Ten DEGs involved in the fleece layer and outer pollen wall development were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, most of which were down-regulated in the sterile line W99A. These DEGs and DEPs were mainly enriched in the pathways of “phenylpropanoid/sporopollenin synthesis/metabolism”, “energy metabolism”, “redox enzyme activity” and “redox processes”. Results obtained in this study laid a foundation for the future investigation of mechanisms of pollen development as well as the reasons for the CMS in celery.

Celery (Apium graveolens L., var. Dulce), is a biennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, cultivated in humid soils in the Mediterranean basin, in Central-Southern Europe, and in Asia. Despite its wide diffusion and although it is well-known that cultivar/origin strongly influences plant composition, only a few studies have been carried out on the different types of celery. The present work aims to investigate four different Italian types of celery (two common, Elne and Magnum celery, and two black, Torricella Peligna Black and Trevi Black celery), and to test, whether the combination of FT-IR spectroscopy and chemometrics allows their ecotype discrimination. The peculiarity of this study lies in the fact that all the analyzed celeries were grown in the same experimental field under the same soil and climate conditions. Consequently, the differences captured by the FT-IR-based tool are mainly imputable to the different ecotypes. In order to achieve this goal, FT-IR profiles were handled by two diverse classifiers: sequential preprocessing through ORThogonalization (SPORT) and soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA). Eventually, the highest classification rate (90%, on an external set of 100 samples) has been achieved by SPORT.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of celery herb Apium graveolens in blood glucose level of the laboratory rats. 300mg/kg of plant extract was detected. The blood glucose level was measured after 3, 6 hrs. for the extract and glibenclamide drug treatment. The result showed that both the extract and glibenclamide had hypoglycemic activity compared with control group. The result showed that there is significant hypoglycemic activity for celery extract and glibenclamid drug specially after 6hrs of the treatment.

The main aim of this paper is to analyse the text of the 12th book of Geoponica for the purpose of identification of vegetable plants, which were described by Cassianus Bassus. The analysis will serve as the first step for further inquiries that will include the reconstruction of recipes that require some of the vegetables presented in the text.The text of Geoponica is a basic source learn about the agriculture but also the culinary art of the Byzantine Empire, even though it is rather hard to read due to the complicated style and quite a large number of technical terms (i.e. botanical, agronomical or astrological to name just a few). As already mentioned, the first part of the analysis is to identify the plants mentioned by Bassus, which will allow me to take further steps, i.e. to reconstruct the culinary recipes, in which the plants mentioned by the Author can be found. Without this precise identification, the reconstruction of the recipes would not be possible at all.In the 12th book of his Geoponica Bassus gave descriptions of several plants that should be taken into consideration while planning the garden, mostly for their medicinal or cooking properties. Amongst them, Author mentioned garlic, artichoke, melon, leek, radish, celery, and cucumbers. Having the rather big number of plants narrowed down will allow to demonstrate in vivo how they were served according to De re coquinaria by Apicius and present the practical usage of vegetables proposed by Bassus for cultivation. As Apicius’ cookbook is the only one preserved from Antiquity, it will remain the major source of the recipes presented in this paper.

Celery is a stalky green vegetable that is grown and consumed globally and used in many cuisines for its distinctive taste and flavour. Previous investigations identified the aroma composition of celery and profiled its sensory characteristics using a trained panel; however, evaluation of the sensory characteristics of celery combined with a consumer panel, where consumer preferences and acceptability are determined, is novel. In this study, three parental genotypes (12, 22 and 25) and three new hybrids (12x22, 22x12 and 25x12) were presented to a trained sensory panel (n = 12) for profiling and a consumer panel (n = 118), where liking and preference were assessed. Celery samples were analysed by SPME GC–MS and significant differences in aroma composition between all samples were identified, causing significant differences in the sensory profile. Furthermore, significant differences in attributes assessed for liking (appearance, aroma, texture and overall) were identified. Consumer segmentation identified three groups of consumers exhibiting differences in the hedonic reaction to the samples. Sweet and bitter taste along with overall flavour were identified as drivers of liking. Hybrid 25x12 was found to be the hybrid that exhibited high intensities for most of the attributes assessed.

Numerous varieties of celery are grown in multiple countries to maintain supply, demand and availability for all seasons, thus, there is an expectation for a consistent product in terms of taste, flavour, and overall quality. Differences in climate, agronomy and soil composition will all contribute to inconsistencies. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profile of eight celery genotypes grown in the UK (2018) and Spain (2019). Headspace analysis determined the volatile composition of eight genotypes, followed by assessment of the sensory profile using a trained panel. Significant differences in the volatile composition and sensory profile were observed, genotype and geographical location both exerted influences. Two genotypes exhibited similar aroma composition and sensory profile in both locations, making them good candidates to drive breeding programmes aimed at producing varieties that consistently display these distinctive sensory properties. Celery samples harvested in the UK exhibited a higher proportion of sesquiterpenes and phthalides, whereas samples harvested in Spain expressed a higher aldehyde and ketone content. Studying the relationship between growing environment and genotype will provide information to guide growers in how to consistently produce a high-quality crop.

The present work demonstrated and compared the anti-inflammatory effects of celery leaf (CLE) and stem (CSE) extracts. LC-MS-based metabolomics were an effective approach to achieve the biomarker identification and pathway elucidation associated with the reduction in inflammatory responses. The celery extracts suppressed LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, and CLE was five times more effective than CSE. Distinct differences were revealed between the control and celery-treated samples among the 24 characteristic metabolites that were identified. In celery-treated LPS cells, reversals of intracellular (citrulline, proline, creatine) and extracellular (citrulline, lysine) metabolites revealed that the therapeutic outcomes were closely linked to arginine metabolism. Reversals of metabolites when treated with CLE (aspartate, proline) indicated targeted effects on the TCA and urea cycles, while, in the case of CSE (histidine, glucose), the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathways were implicated. Subsequently, apigenin and bergapten in CLE were identified as potential biomarkers mediating the anti-inflammatory response.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important leafy vegetable worldwide. The development of F1 hybrids in celery is highly dependent on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) because emasculation is difficult. In this study, we first report a celery CMS, which was found in a high-generation inbred line population of the Chinese celery “tanzhixiangqin”. Comparative analysis, following sequencing and assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences for this celery CMS line and its maintainer line, revealed that there are 21 unique regions in the celery CMS line and these unique regions contain 15 ORFs. Among these ORFs, only orf768a is a chimeric gene, consisting of 1497 bp sequences of the cox1 gene and 810 bp unidentified sequences located in the unique region, and the predicted protein product of orf768a possesses 11 transmembrane domains. In summary, the results of this study indicate that orf768a is likely to be a strong candidate gene for CMS induction in celery. In addition, orf768a can be a co-segregate marker, which can be used to screen CMS in celery.

Apium graveolens is a biennial crop grown across the globe for its stalks, leaves and seed and is known for its distinct flavour and strong taste. Various extraction methods on fresh and dried celery and its essential oil are reported in the literature examining the aroma profile of this crop and demonstrating that its volatile composition is determined by variables including cultivar, season, geographical location and agronomic practices. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profile of eight celery genotypes grown over two years (2018 and 2020) in the same location in the UK. Solid-phase-micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the volatile compounds present in these genotypes and sensory evaluation using a trained panel to assess the sensory profile of fresh celery. Significant differences (p &lt, 0.05) in the volatile composition and sensory profile were observed and influenced by both genotype and harvest year. Two genotypes exhibited similar aroma composition and sensory profile between the years. Celery samples harvested in 2018, which possessed air temperatures that were considerably warmer than in 2020, exhibited higher proportions of sesquiterpenes and phthalides and we hypothesise that the higher proportions were generated as a response to heat stress. Studying the relationship between the genotype and the environment will provide clear information to guide growers in how to consistently produce a higher quality crop.

Background Celery is a widely cultivated vegetable abundant in ascorbate (AsA), a natural plant antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals generated by abiotic stress in plants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a plant antioxidant enzyme that is important in the synthesis of AsA and scavenging of excess hydrogen peroxide. However, the characteristics and functions of APX in celery remain unclear to date. Results In this study, a gene encoding APX was cloned from celery and named AgAPX1. The transcription level of the AgAPX1 gene was significantly upregulated under drought stress. AgAPX1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified. The predicted molecular mass of rAgAPX1 was 33.16 kDa, which was verified by SDS-PAGE assay. The optimum pH and temperature for rAgAPX1 were 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis hosting the AgAPX1 gene showed elevated AsA content, antioxidant capacity and drought resistance. Less decrease in net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and relative water content contributed to the high survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis lines after drought. Conclusions The characteristics of APX in celery were different from that in other species. The enhanced drought resistance of overexpressing AgAPX1 in Arabidopsis may be achieved by increasing the accumulation of AsA, enhancing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, and promoting stomatal closure. Our work provides new evidence to understand APX and its response mechanisms to drought stress in celery.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of IAA concentration and various types of media growing on celery plant growth with a fertilizing hydroponic cultivation system in interaction as well as each of the main influences. The design used in this study is the Design of Divided Plots in the form of Complete Randomized Design consisting of two factors. The first factor is IAA (A) with a concentration of 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm while the second factor is Various Types of Growing Media (M), namely Cocopeat, Husk Charcoal, Sawdust Powder, Hydroton. The parameters observed were plant height (cm), economical wet weight (g), root volume (cm3), average net assimilation rate (g /cm2/day), average relative growth rate (g /day), number of tillers (fruit), root canopy ratio (g). The last observation data were analyzed statistically and continued with a BNJ follow-up test at the level of 5%. The results showed that the interaction of IAA concentrations and various types of media grew significantly on the parameters of the plant's wet weight, root volume, and root canopy ratio. The best treatment was found in a combination of treatment of 1.0 ppm IAA concentration and cocopeat growing media. The main effect of IAA concentration was real on all observed parameters. The best treatment is 1.0 ppm IAA concentration. The main influence of various types of media grows significantly for all observational parameters. The best treatment is the cocopeat media.

espanolLos contextos y las connotaciones, propios de los terminos que entran en juego en estos dos versos, permiten aclarar el chiste que se contiene en ellos, darles un sentido coherente y aceptar la tradicion manuscrita en el primero de ambos versos. EnglishContexts and connotations, typical of the terms that come into play in these two verses, allow to clarify the joke that is contained in them, give them a coherent sense and accept the handwritten tradition in the first of both verses.

Salinity is one of the major environmental threats which damages growth and productivity of the plants. Microbial assistance in such stressful environment is well recognized. Here in this study, we isolated indigenous microbes and investigated their rescuing potential in celery plants grown under salinity stress. Celery is a widely consumed plant in salads. Plants were cultivated under varying levels (5 & 10% in aqueous solution against control) of salinity in the greenhouse with inocula of two isolated strains of rhizobacteria (RB) which were screened from locally collected soil samples. Data (chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, fresh and dry weights of plants, and lengths of root and shoot) were collected and analysed using SPSS. Biochemical isolation of the rhizobacteria was also performed. Plants inoculated with the isolated rhizobacterial strains indicated a statistically significant relief to the stressed plants which resulted in more chlorophylls’ (a, b & total), carotenoid and anthocyanin contents that were at par with control. Post inoculation elongation of root and shoot as well as fresh and dry matter accumulations were enhanced significantly. RB 20 indicated statistically significant relief to the plants compared to RB 10. Bacterial strains screening results showed that strains RB 6 & RB 20 proved their positive relieving strengths in the tests of indole synthesis, siderophore production, phosphorus solubilization, casein hydrolysis, catalase activity, citrate biosynthesis, gelatinase biosynthesis, H2O2 production, motility test, osmotic regulation potential and starch hydrolysis. Hence, these indigenous microbes might be helpful in assisting celery plants grown under salinity conditions.

循環型水耕栽培によるセルリー栽培において、溶存酸素の多少がセルリーの生育・収量および品質に及ぼす影響を調査するため、セルリー苗「トップセラー」をハウス内に設置した循環型水耕栽培施設に定植し、溶存酸素供給区および対照区に分けて栽培を行った。その結果、溶存酸素施用区では対照区と比較して茎数、茎重、葉重の値が高く、セルリーの水耕栽培において溶存酸素の施用が収量の増加に有効であることが推察された。ただし、肥料成分は収穫の約1ヶ月前に補給を停止したが、セルリーの硝酸態窒素濃度は対照区では1972 ppm と市販品の2800 ppm を下回る値であったのに対し、溶存酸素施用区では3181 ppm と市販品をわずかに上回った。また、EC について溶存酸素施用区と対照区を比較すると溶存酸素施用区でのEC の減少が早かった。今後、出荷時にセルリーの硝酸態窒素濃度を低く抑えられるような液肥濃度の調整について更に検討が必要であると考えられた。, Article, 信州大学農学部AFC報告 17: 13-18(2019)

Apigenin, a natural compound in celery, is found to have pro-osteogenesis capacity by screening in our previous work. This study is focused on its pro-osteogenesis mechanism evaluation. The pro-osteogenesis effect of apigenin (50 mg/kg/day), was evaluated in skull defected (SD) mice by monitoring changes in bone histomorphometry index, formation of new osteoblasts from MSCs and changes in the synthesis of pro-osteogenic cytokines. Signal pathways were investigated by QPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Apigenin has significant pro-osteogenesis effect in vivo, which can promote osteoblasts formation, the expression of osteoblasts-specific marker genes and osteoblasts marker protein in vitro. From the perspective of molecular biology, apigenin promotes osteoblasts formation and the activation of Wnt pathway as well as the induction and nuclei translocation of β-catenin. Driven by the results of this study, celery might be a useful alternative functional food in helping bone defects regeneration.

Celery is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables worldwide. Boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are essential microelements for plant growth with Cu also important in controlling fungal diseases. But little is known about the combined effects of B, Zn, and Cu fertilizers on celery. A pot experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) using a novel foliar fertilizer: a copper-based-zinc-boron foliar fertilizer (Cu-ZnB) based on the Bordeaux mixture (BDM). Celeries were sprayed with water (the control); BDM; 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L−1 copper foliar fertilizer (CFF1, CFF2, and CFF3), and with 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L−1 the Cu-ZnB (Cu-ZnB1, Cu-ZnB2, and Cu-ZnB3). During both seasons, Cu-ZnB1 increased celery yield and decreased disease index, compared with control and BDM treatments. Application of Cu-ZnB1 also increased vitamin C content while reducing nitrate content of celery compared with BDM and increased leaf Zn and B concentration compared with the control, BDM, and CFF1 treatments. Furthermore, Leaf Cu concentration in Cu-ZnB1 treatment was lower by 76.9% compared with BDM. Spraying Cu-ZnB1 also significantly increased SOD, POD, and CAT activities, while decreasing MDA content of functional leaves. By applying Cu-ZnB during 2015–2\016, soil available Cu concentration was reduced by 24.9–42.2%, compared with BDM. Hence, applying 1.0 g L−1 Cu-ZnB to celery is recommended for enhancing plant nutritional quality and yield; simultaneously, it reduces the levels of Cu in the soil and disease index of celery.

BRs (brassinosteroids), an endogenous hormone in plants, regulate cellulose accumulation, cell elongation and plant growth. Propiconazole (PCZ) is an effective inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. DCB (2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile) can inhibit the synthesis of cellulose and affects the chemical composition of cell walls. Celery is one important leafy vegetable of the Apiaceae family with rich dietary fiber (including cellulose). The petioles length, leaf blades number and cellulose content determine the yield and quality of celery. The family members of AgCESAs are related to cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants. To investigate the effects of BRs, PCZ and DCB on the growth of celery, celery cv. ‘Jinnan Shiqin’ plants were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL, most active form of BRs), PCZ and DCB, respectively. The results showed that exogenous application of BRs up-regulated the expression of AgCESAs genes and accumulated more cellulose in celery. The length of petioles and number of leaf blades in celery plants applied with exogenous BRs (1.24 × 10−6 mol/L 24-EBL) were increased 2.16 and 1.37 times of that in the control. The addition of PCZ inhibited the effects of exogenous BRs application. The lengths of hypocotyl and hypocotyl cells of celery plants treated with BRs were longer than that of the control. Under DCB treatments, the expression levels of AgCESAs genes in celery petioles and leaf blades were down-regulated compared with the control, and the celery plants showed decreased cellulose content, shorter petiole length and fewer leaf blades. The length of hypocotyl and hypocotyl cells of celery treated with DCB were shorter than that of the control. This study provided a reference for the functions of BRs and DCB on the growth and development of celery.

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder because of excessive uric acid production. The high prevalence of hyperuresemia in the world, especially in Indonesia makes the research of antihyperurisemia drugs very needed today. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of water infusion extract from celery stems and leaves to inhibited xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine oxidase enzyme plays a role in change of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then becomes uric acid. The activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme was determined by UV spectrophotometry method and using xanthine substrate. Absorption at 290 nm indicates the presence of a uric acid product from xanthine oxidation by the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Infused extract which has the smallest absorption at 290 nm showed a better inhibitory ability of the xanthine oxidase enzyme because the change of xanthine substrate to uric acid is inhibited. The result showed the celery stems water infusion extract had better inhibition activity than celery leaves water infusion extract. The best inhibition percentage of celery stems water infusion was 90,25%, while the celery leaves water infusion was 69.07% both of at 20% concentration. The type inhibition of celery stems water infusion extract to xanthine oxidase enzyme showed an uncompetitive inhibition type because showed change in Km and Vmax values. Km and Vmax values before the addition of water infusion of celery stems were 104.33 ppm and 3.83 U/mL respectively changed to 74.49 ppm and 2.69 U/mL after the addition of extract.

При решении аналитических задач или задач, использующих технологии искусственного интеллекта, когда вычислительных ресурсов одного сервера оказывается недостаточно, возникает потребность в распределенных вычислениях. В статье описывается подход решения данного класса задач, использованный в ФКУ «ГИАЦ МВД России» при решении задачи построения биометрических шаблонов для сотен миллионов фотоизображений., When solving analytical problems or tasks that use artificial intelligence technologies, when the computing resources of a single server are not enough, there is a need for distributed computing. The article describes the approach to solving this class of problems used in the FGI «MIAC of the MIA RF» in solving the problem of constructing biometric templates for hundreds of millions of photo images.

Osmotic distillation (OD) was investigated for the concentration of vegetable juice, in sync with the increasing consumer interest towards natural and healthy foods. Celery juice first underwent a filtration step for removal of suspended solids, then a concentration step by OD. An OD plant was set up with a hollow fibre membrane module, where a concentrated solution of CaCl2 (60% w/v) was used as extraction brine circulating in counter current with the celery juice. Preliminary tests were performed to identify the optimal process parameters (i.e., flow rate, volumes, etc.). Celery juice was concentrated from 3.7 to 22.4 °Brix after 200 min of processing. The content of beneficial compounds and antioxidant activity were preserved after the OD process obtaining a concentration of the solution without loss of phenolic compounds.