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Livestock movements between agricultural premises is an important pathway for the spread of infectious disease. Data providing details about the origin and destination of shipments, as well as information about the shipment size is an important component of computer models used to formulate mitigation strategies and design surveillance programs. The United States (U.S.) currently lacks a comprehensive database of farm animal shipments, which hinders such efforts. With the U.S. Animal Movement Model (USAMM), earlier work has successfully scaled up from limited data based on interstate certificates of veterinary inspection (CVI) to comprehensive county-level shipment networks at the national scale. In this work, we present three major improvements to earlier versions of USAMM: (1) increased resolution of the model and simulated networks to the level of individual premises; (2) predictions of shipment sizes; (3) taking into account the types and herd sizes of the premises. We fitted parameters in a Bayesian framework to two sets of CVI data consisting of sub-samples of one years between-state beef and dairy shipments. Through posterior predictive simulation, we then created 1,000 synthetic beef and dairy networks, which we make publicly available to support livestock disease modeling. The simulated networks were validated against summary statistics of the training data as well as out-of-sample CVI data from subsequent years. This new development opens up the possibility of using USAMM in a broader spectrum of applications where information about shipment size and premises identity is necessary and gives novel insights into the U.S. cattle shipment network. Funding Agencies|U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [D15PC00278]; USDA [AP17VSCEAH00C012]

In Nigeria, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) guides the inspection and production of beef meat and prescribes the good practices pertinent to beef products’ handling, processing, and packaging. Specifically, good hygiene practice (GHP) assures beef product safety and consumer protection, whereas good storage practice (GSP) assures the continuity of hygiene activities within the storage stages. Relevant literature about butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices within Nigeria slaughterhouses remains scant. This current study, therefore, assessed butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices through a cattle slaughterhouse case analysis. The selected cattle slaughterhouse serves the increasingly thriving Nsukka beef market in Enugu State, Nigeria. Content validation was utilised to authenticate the questionnaire items, which were administered face-to-face to the respondents (i.e., the butchers). The questionnaire included a total of 30 questions. The results showed that the butchers were male (Freq. = 100%, n = 50), acquired their knowledge informally (Freq. = 88%, n = 44), were largely with more than 5 years of slaughterhouse experience (Freq. = 82%, n = 41), and were strongly (p < 0.0001) familiar with good hygiene (Freq. = 96%, n = 48) and storage (Freq. = 98%, n = 49) practices. The butchers provided examples that demonstrated knowledge and perception aspects of GHP and GSP. The perception aspects of GHP and GSP were correlated more, compared to knowledge and knowledge versus perception. Very conscious of their knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices, the butchers herein have to strive for continuous improvement in their slaughterhouse activities to assure beef quality and consumer safety.

バングラデシュ人民共和国（バングラデシュ）ラジシャヒ管区において、6か所の家畜病院の診察記録から2013年1月から2015年12月までの子牛の出生数と、0-6か月齢の子牛の死亡数および死亡原因を抽出した。いずれの調査地においても出生した子牛の約1割が6か月齢までに死亡していた。死亡原因としては口蹄疫、肺炎などの感染症が多かった。また栄養失調による死亡が季節に関わらず見られた。, We examined the medical records of 6 veterinary hospitals managed by the local government in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh, in order to search the number of calf births and deaths from January 2013 to December 2015. In all investigated places approximately 10% of calves died at 6 months. Infectious diseases, i.e. foot and mouth diseases, pneumonia, etc., were the most common causes of death. Death by malnutrition also occurred in all investigated places throughout the year., 本研究は科学研究費補助金・基盤研究（B）海外学術（課題番号26304040および15H05258）によって遂行されました。

Big Meat, which has infiltrated American culture and secured an unrelenting seat at the American dinner table, has been met by opposition from a growing vegetarianism movement. This research examines the rhetoric and relationship between beef producers and the vegetarianism movement through an analysis of archival sources from the National Cattlemen’s Association and scholarly articles about American consumerism and the world hunger crisis. The world hunger crisis, characterized by a series of devastating famines in Asia and Africa during the 1960s and 70s, brought tensions between the meat industry and ethical vegetarian movements to a head. It prompted the formation of a vocal anti-beef campaign that critiqued the meat industry’s inefficient practice of feeding grains to livestock at a time when millions were starving due to a lack of grains, which in turn captured consumer attention and roused the fury of beef producers. This research establishes the importance of the often-overlooked role of ethics in food politics, a field that historians of consumerism and consumer politics have traditionally defined as being driven by prices and concerns about health and safety, and exposes the tactics of Big Meat in the face of an ethical crisis. It also provides insight into how to approach looming issues of global hunger and food insecurity today.

Background : Mannheimia haemolytica is the primary bacterial pathogen in causing bovine respiratory disease with tremendous annual losses in the cattle industry. The leukotoxin from M. haemolytica is the predominant virulence factor. Several leukotoxin activity assays are available but not standardized regarding sample preparation and cell line. Furthermore, these assays suffer from a high standard error, a prolonged time consumption and often complex sample pretreatments, which is important from the bioprocess engineering point of view. Results: Within this study, an activity assay based on the continuous cell line BL3.1 combined with a commercial available adenosine triphosphate viability assay kit was established. The leukotoxin activity was found to be strongly dependent on the sample preparation. Furthermore, the interfering effect of lipopolysaccharides in the sample could be successfully suppressed by adding polymyxin B. We reached a maximum relative P95 value of 14%, which is more than seven times lower compared to current available assays as well as a time reduction up to 88%. Conclusion: Ultimately, the established leukotoxin activity assay is simple, fast and has a high reproducibility. Critical parameters regarding the sample preparation were characterized and optimized making complex sample purification superfluous. Normal 0 21 false false false DE X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book"; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:DE; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

En el campo administrativo, a través de décadas, se ha estudiado la importancia de la motivación de los empleados y su impacto en el cumplimiento de las tareas a su cargo. Sin embargo, las teorías planteadas parecen no adaptarse bien a un sector como el ganadero en un país como Colombia. Esto, debido a las condiciones laborales y socioeconómicas propias de este entorno. Lo anterior plantea retos importantes en la identificación de impulsores y frenos verdaderamente adaptados a la fuerza laboral base en este sector. Considerando esos retos, el presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de identificar los factores motivacionales para la fuerza base del sector ganadero. Esto, a partir de la caracterización obtenida mediante encuestas y entrevistas realizadas en sistemas productivos del departamento de Sucre y la sabana de Bogotá. Se espera aportar con estos factores motivacionales al mejoramiento futuro de las condiciones de los trabajadores y contribuir así al incremento de la competitividad de las fincas visitadas. In administration, through decades, it has been studied the importance of employee´s motivation and its impact in the accomplishment of the indivual tasks. However, this theories maybe do not fit in cattle industry in a country like Colombia, because of the work conditions and the socialeconomic context. These elements bring huge challenges in the identification of drivers and curbs that can be adapted to the work force. Taking in mind this challenges, this work has been realized wih the objective to define a motivational plan for the work force in the cattle industry, this by a characterization obtained through interviews and surveys done in productive systems in Sucre and Bogotá. It is expected to contribute to de development and the improvement of the work conditions and the competitiveness of the visited farms.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-03T14:48:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KALIANE DE FREITAS MAIA - TESE (PPGCS) 2013.pdf: 6223264 bytes, checksum: 07739453eddd36c0247bf2515344717a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T14:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KALIANE DE FREITAS MAIA - TESE (PPGCS) 2013.pdf: 6223264 bytes, checksum: 07739453eddd36c0247bf2515344717a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 Capes O trabalho abrange as transformações sociais, econômicas, técnicas e produtivas que têm sido vivenciadas nas médias e grandes propriedades rurais do semiárido nordestino, demarcando as especificidades dos esforços recentes de modernização e de integração aos mercados de produtos agropecuários. Objetivou-se entender como os proprietários rurais reagem e se organizam frente aos processos de modernização após a decadência do sistema latifúndio/algodão/pecuária/morada a partir de finais da década de 1970. Propomos a utilização da noção de “agronegócio sertanejo” para a compreensão destas transformações. Para a realização dos objetivos, decidiu-se pela realização de pesquisa de campo na microrregião de Catolé do Rocha, no Sertão da Paraíba. O município de Catolé do Rocha e os demais desta microrregião estão historicamente ligados ao poder dos coronéis e à manutenção do patrimônio fundiário, dando fama nacional às oligarquias familiares, em especial à família Maia. Entrevistas realizadas junto aos médios e grandes proprietários de terras dos municípios que compõe a microrregião, levantamentos de dados junto ao IBGE e INCRA e coleta de informações junto ao cartório do município de Catolé do Rocha e arquivos da família Maia, compõem nosso universo empírico de análise. Para dar conta de refletir sobre a forma particular do agronegócio no semiárido nordestino, combinada a outras formas sociais assumidas pela grande propriedade na região, está tese se orienta pela seguinte questão: em que medida podemos compreender os processos de reestruturação produtiva engendrados nas últimas décadas nas médias e grandes propriedades da microrregião de Catolé do Rocha a partir da noção de “agronegócio sertanejo”? e (re)pecuarização? A compreensão das estratégias adotadas pelos proprietários na conformação do que estamos chamando de “agronegócio sertanejo” passa necessariamente pela ressignificação da atividade pecuária e pela emergência de novas formas sociais que levaram à superação do antigo latifúndio. As duas noções que mobilizamos neste trabalho expressam uma certa ambiguidade de lógicas discursivas e práticas em traços constitutivos da identidade de médios e grandes proprietários rurais, em que tradicionalismo e conservadorismo convivem com ideias de modernização e empreendedorismo. This thesis covers the social, economic, technical and productive changes that have been experienced in medium and large-size farms in the semiarid region in Northeast, Brazil, as part of recent efforts to modernize and integrate these rural properties to regional and national markets of agricultural products. This study aimed to understand how landowners have responded to the decline of landlordism system from the late 1970s. The expression “Agronegócio sertanejo” (backcountry agribusiness) was created to understand such transformations. The field research was conduct in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba State, ncluding interviews and research on local archives. This region was historically linked to the power of landowners, giving national fame to the family oligarchies, especially the Maia family. The work was guided by this central question: to what extent can we understand the processes of productive restructuring engendered in recent decades in medium and large farms of Catolé do Rocha region from the notion of "Agronegócio sertanejo"? This process implied the redefinition of the cattle industry and the emergence of new social forms that led to the overcoming of the landlordism system. The social dynamics express an ambiguity of logical and discursive practices in constituting the identity traits of landowners in semiarid region in Brazil, where traditionalism and conservatism coexist with ideas of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Godine 1990. u Hrvatskoj su otpočele korjenite političke, društvene i ekonomske promjene. Otpočeli su procesi; pretvorbe vlasništva (društvenog u državno), privatizacije (državnog vlasništva u privatno) i tranzicije (od samoupravnog do tržišnog gospodarstva). Ti procesi nisu mimoišli ni poljoprivredu. Zbog općepoznatih osobitosti poljoprivrede i značaja poljoprivrede ti su procesi u poljoprivredi otpočeli kasnije i sporije se odvijaju. Oni su, povrh ratnih okolnosti, uzrokovali znatne strukturne promjene u hrvatskoj poljoprivredi i govedarstvu. Stoga je temeljni cilj istraživanja bio utvrditi strukturne promjene u hrvatskom govedarstvu poslije godine 1990. te analizirati posljedice tih promjena. Za istraživanje su poslužili podaci Državnog zavoda za statistiku, Hrvatskog stočarskog centra, FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) te objavljenih stručnih i znanstvenih radova. Predmetom analize bila su dva razdoblja; 1974. do 1990. i 1991. do 2006. Pribrani podaci obrađeni su pripadnim statističkim i ekonometrijskim metodama. Rezultati istraživanja upozoravaju na ozbiljnu krizu hrvatskog govedarstva koja je izravna posljedica minulih ratnih okolnosti te procesa pretvorbe, privatizacije, spore tranzicije i neprimjerne agrarne politike. Ti su se procesi očitovali decentralizacijom i dekoncentracijom u govedarstvu, što je posve suprotno suvremenim tendencijama u svijetu i ekonomskim zakonitostima. Kriza se očituje značajnim smanjivanjem osnovnog stada, neizdašnom i skupom proizvodnjom osnovnih proizvoda govedarstva te niskom potrošnjom govedine, kravljeg mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda. Hrvatska je poslije godine 1990. postala značajna neto uvoznica tih proizvoda te je vrijednost njihova uvoza nekoliko puta veća od vrijednosti izvoza., In the year 1990 Croatia has undergone the deep acting political, social and economic changes. The change of ownership (from social ownership to state ownership), privatization (from state ownership to private ownership) and transition (from self management to market economy). These have also affected agriculture, but due to its' well-known traits and importance, the effects came with a certain delay and at a lower pace. Besides the war effects, these processes have caused substantial structural changes in Croatian agriculture and cattle industry. Therefore, the basic aim of this research was to define the structural changes in Croatian cattle industry after 1990, and to analyze their consequences. The data were provided by the State Statistics Institute, Croatian Livestock Center, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and scientific literature. Two periods were analyzed: 1) 1974 until 1990 and 2) 1991 until 2006. Acquired data were analyzed with the appropriate statistical and econometric methods. The results imply the serious crisis in Croatian cattle industry that is a direct consequence of the war, ownership changes, privatization, slow transition and inadequate agricultural policy. These processes involved decentralization and deconcentration in cattle industry, which are completely opposite to the modern tendencies in the world and to the laws of economy. The crisis is manifested by the substantial decrease of the herd size, insufficient and expensive production of the basic cattle industry products, and the low level of the beef, milk and dairy products consumption. After the year 1990, Croatia became the nett importer of these products so that import is few fold higher as compared to the export.

Calf marketing, commercial beef carcass, and natural/implant-free beef strategic alliances were examined via case study to determine alliance structure and whether each addressed risk, transaction costs, capital availability, and other concerns. All alliances were structured differently through vertical or horizontal coordination, and each had been established within the past 12 years. Alliance administrators reported that an advantage to cow-calf producers was higher cattle prices received relative to producers outside the alliances. The alliances reduced transaction costs and increased information flow among segments. Alliances did not specifically address risk or increased access to capital for technology adoption or expansion purposes.

The livestock industry in China has undergone massive changes since the liberalisation of markets started in 1985. The beef sector is no exception to this transition with production and consumption increasing faster than all other meats in the last two decades. The number of cattle has nearly doubled since 1980 to be around 141.6 million in 2005 and beef production has increased at a much faster rate than the cattle inventory. As the third largest beef producing country in the world, China exports and imports beef cattle. The emerging Chinese market has generally been seen as an opportunity for the Australian red meat industry. However, given the rate of increase in output, China may also provide a threat. With this in mind, understanding the current beef cattle industry situation in China is of great importance. The central objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic returns on China’s beef cattle operations and to analyse their implications for beef cattle industry development. In this paper, three beef cattle production systems are compared and examined across three geographical regions. Statistical methods are employed to evaluate these production practices. The results reveal the shifting balance between demand and supply in China and shed light on China’s trade behaviour. Possible opportunities for Australian beef industry participants to explore the Chinese market are also discussed.

Australia is a major producer and exporter of beef and veal. In 1982, Australia exported 628 kilotons of beef and veal valued at US$1,177 million. Half of Australia's beef and veal was imported by the United States and Japan. The Australian cattle industry depends on grazing; consequently, number of cattle, slaughter, and production have fluctuated considerably from droughts, diseases, cattle cycles, and changing export markets. The United States and Australia significantly affect one another's beef industries. The United States influences the Australian beef and veal industry indirectly through beef cycle price changes, and directly through the Countercyclical Meat Import Law. Australia will continue to compete strongly with the United States in beef export markets.

Articles in this issue pertain to the work of the Industrial and Development Council of Canadian Meat Packers, a review of the Canadian lamb market, improving equipment for the raising of poultry, an overview of electric power to rural users, and growing peach trees. Alumnus H. C. Mason shares the first act of the script for his play "Smith Broadens Out". Campus news reports on a visitor's perspective of the construction of the War Memorial Hall, and the Agricultural Representatives of Ontario conference. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Harvest Time in Town The Industrial and Development Council of Canadian Meat Packers "Smith Broadens Out" A review of the lamb market Better equipment for growing our chick crop Hydro-electric power for rural districts Some factors in peach growing Editorial College life Alumni Locals advertising

This issue's agricultural articles pertain to sending beef cattle to market early because of the grain shortage, tuberculin testing for cattle, potential for increasing the honey industry, the success of the farm power course, prospects for poultry and egg production in 1918, and plant breeding at the Vineland Experiment Station. Other articles include encouraging farmers to produce quality products, the Silver Black Fox industry, banana production in the tropics, the ornithology of winter birds, and agricultural education through motion pictures. A Macdonald Institute student contributed an article on designing the ideal kitchen. While the Query column answers agricultural queries send in by subscribers. The editorial comments on the dignity of the agriculturalist. Campus news provides a summary of the activities of each of the campus clubs, and results of the hockey and basketball games. The Macdonald column mentions the women's initiation and the success of the promenade. The Alumni column provides several military letters and alumni updates. Finished beef cattle The Silver Black Fox in captivity Tuberculosis of cattle and the tuberculin test What the Motion Picture Bureau hopes to do in Ontario agriculture Quality as well as quantity Possibilities of the honey industry in Ontario Farm power course The ideal kitchen The banana Winter birds Poultry and egg production for 1918 Plant breeding at the Horticultural Experiment Station, Vineland A Soliloquy Query Editorial Alumni College life Athletics Macdonald Locals

The agricultural articles in this issue pertain to the Department of Agriculture's Ontario Butter Grading Service and activities of the bacteriology, apiculture, and botanical departments. Other articles include the need for wildlife conservation with the creation of the national parks system, and the two series on Canadian literature, and the great musicians. The serialized articles "Apres la Guerre" authored by H. C. Mason aka The Veteran have now been published as a book titled "Bits O' Bronze". The book "Bits O' Bronze" is illustrated by alumnus D. C. McArthur. Campus news highlights activities pertaining to war veterans. Specifically the publication of the book "Bits o' Bronze", an update from the War Memorial Hall Committee, reminiscence of Armistice Day 1918, and a report from the O. A. C. Returned Men's Club. Other activities on campus were the Union Literary Society's promenade, the Halloween dance, and athletic activities. The Alumni column contains notes on the Class of 1919, and alumni and alumnae updates. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. The National Parks of Canada The Ontario Butter Grading Service The Department of Bacteriology Why apiculture? Chats about great musicians Canadian literature: a series The Botanical Department The handy butcher steer Editorial Armistice Day College life Athletics Alumni Locals advertising