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Haregeweyn Kibret,1 Barkot Tadesse,2 Adera Debella,2 Meron Degefa,2 Lemma Demissie Regassa3 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Maternity and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Haregeweyn KibretDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box, 235, Harar, Ethiopia, Email haregeweynkibret@gmail.comPurpose: The extent to which nurses tailor their care to the patient’s specific needs has a direct impact on patient health outcomes. Satisfied people will have good communication with the health professional, which results in good care and health outcome, so this study aimed to assess the association of caring behavior of nurses with the level of patient satisfaction, in public hospitals of the Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia, from March 10 to April 10, 2021.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 nurses providing inpatient services and 345 randomly selected admitted patients in two public hospitals of Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia. Clinical nurse–patient interaction scale was used to assess the level of caring behavior. The level of patient satisfaction was measured using the patient satisfaction scale tool. We used structural equation modeling to determine the relationship of nurses caring behaviour and the level of patient satisfaction. The association was reported using coefficient (β) along with a 95% confidence interval. The statistical significance of the association was declared at P < 0.05.Results: According to this study, only 51.67% of the nurses had good caring behavior and 62.90% of the patients were satisfied with the nursing care they received. The nurses’ caring behavior score was increased by 41% (β=0.41; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.63) and (β=0.65; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.81) as nurses’ job satisfaction and work environment scores increased by one scale, respectively. Similarly, the score of patient satisfaction was increased by 2% (β=0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12) as the score of nurse caring behaviour was increased by one scale.Conclusion: Patient satisfaction increased as the nurses care behavior score increased, so nurses must continue to identify ways to evaluate and increase patient happiness, as well as illustrate the impact nurses have on patient satisfaction with hospital experience as a result of their treatment.Keywords: caring, nursing, caring behavior, patient satisfaction

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of compassion competence on the relationship between caring behaviors and the quality of nursing services. Participants included nurses working in South Korean hospitals. Data collected from 1 November to 31 December 2020 were analyzed using a t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. We found that caring behavior had a positive correlation with the quality of nursing services and compassion competence. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the quality of nursing services and compassion competence. Compassion competence had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between caring behaviors and quality of nursing services. This suggests that nurses’ caring behaviors can enable high-quality nursing services influenced by compassion. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs including education that can improve compassion competence is necessary.

Purpose: While providing care, which is the nature of nursing, nurses exhibit different emotional labor behaviors. This research was conducted to determine the emotional labor and caring behaviors of nursing students and the correlation between them. Methods: This study was conducted with cross-sectional correlational research design on 228 students who were studying in nursing department and were providing care to patients in the clinic. The data were collected using the Student Information Form, Emotional Labor Behavior Scale for Nurses, and Caring Behaviors Inventory. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.78±1.72. While their emotional labor score was 4.07±0.57, their caring behaviors score was 5.08±0.68. Emotional labor and caring behaviors subscale and total score of the students who were female, preferred nursing since it is a healthcare profession, and were satisfied with their department were higher than the other groups. Emotional labor score of the third-year students and caring behaviors subscale and total score of the first-year students were higher than the other groups. In the study, a positive correlation was determined between emotional labor and caring behaviors total scores. Conclusion: It was shown that emotional labor and caring behaviors scores of the students were higher than the average and the gender, the class, the reason for preferring the department, and satisfaction with the department were important indicators for emotional labor in care.

Amaç: Bu araştırma hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları ölüm korkusu ile hasta bakım algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel, tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte olup araştırmanın örneklemini, Ekim-Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümünde öğrenim gören 326 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, ‘Kişisel bilgi formu’, ‘Ölüm korkusu Ölçeği’ ve ‘Bakım Davranışları ölçeği-24’ kullanılmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze toplanmış olup form ve ölçeklerin doldurulması ortalama 15 dakika sürmüştür. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların çoğunun 280’inin (%85,9) kadın olduğu, 179’unun (%54,9) ölmekte olan hasta bakımı ile ilgili bilgi kaynaklarını okuduğunu, 245 öğrencinin (%75,2) çevresinde ölüm olgusuyla karşılaştığı, 306’sının (%93,9) yaşam sonu dönemde olan hastaya bakım verme deneyiminin olmadığı ve 175’inin (%53,7) ölümden korktuğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyete bağlı olarak kadınların hem ölüm korkusunun hem de yaşam sonu hasta bakımı hemşirelik algılarının, BDÖ-24 Ölçeği alt boyutlarından bağlılık ve saygılı olma alanlarında daha yüksek puan aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Yaşam sonu dönemde bir hastaya bakım verme deneyimi olmayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, ölüm korkusu ve bakım davranışları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0,05).Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin hemşirelik bakım algıları yüksektir. Kadın öğrencilerin hem ölüm korkuları hem de hemşirelik bakımı algıları erkeklerden yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. Yaşam sonu dönemde olan hastaya bakım verme deneyimi olmayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin daha fazla güvence verme algısına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin yaşam sonu dönemde olan hastaya güvence verme algılarının yüksek olması açık bir şekilde yaşam sonu hemşirelik bakımı konusunda yetersiz bilgiye sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle lisans eğitimi boyunca yaşam sonu dönem hasta bakımı ve ölüm korkusu konularında müfredatta daha fazla başlığın ve eğitim metodlarının yer almasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir., Objectives: This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between nursing students' fear of death and their perceptions of patient care.Method: The research is cross-sectional, descriptive, and relation-seeking type, and the sample of the study consisted of 326 students studying in the nursing department of a university between October-November 2021. 'Personal Information Form', 'Fear of Death Scale' and 'Caring Behaviors Scale-24' were used to collect data. The data were collected face to face, and it took an average of 15 minutes to fill out the forms and scales.Results: The majority of the students (89.81%) were female students, 179 (54.9%) of them read the information sources about the care of dying patients, 245 students (75.2%) encountered the phenomenon of death in their environment, it was determined that 306 (93.9%) of them had no experience of providing care to patients in the end-of-life period and 175 (53.7%) were afraid of death. Depending on the gender, it was determined that women got higher scores in the sub-dimensions of commitment and respect in both the fear of death and the nursing perceptions of end-of-life patient care. It was determined that there was no significant difference between fear of death and care behaviors of nursing students who had no experience of caring for a patient in the end-of-life period (p>0.05).Conclusion: Nursing students have a high perception of nursing care regarding the patient. Both fears of death and nursing care perceptions of female students were found to be higher than males. It has been determined that nursing students who do not have the experience of caring for the end-of-life patient have more reassurance perception. It is thought that it is necessary to include more topics and training methods in the curriculum on end-of-life patient care and fear of death during undergraduate education, by turning the students' high perception of reassurance. For this reason, it is believed that more subjects and instructional techniques related to end-of-life patient care and fear of death should be included in the curriculum for undergraduate students.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of nursing care was a concern due to nurses’ overwhelming workload. A cross-sectional design was conducted to compare perceptions between nurses and patients about the quality of nursing care for COVID-19 patients and to explore factors associated with these perceptions. Data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic from 17 March to 13 April 2020 in five hospitals in Wuhan, China. Perceptions of care quality were assessed among nurses and patients using the Caring Behaviors Inventory. Nurses rated the quality of caring behaviors higher than patients. Both nurses and patients rated technical caring behaviors at high levels and rated the item related to “spending time with the patient” the lowest, while patients rated it much lower than nurses. Nurses’ sex, participation in ethical training organized by the hospital, professional title, being invited to Wuhan, and length of working experience in years were significantly associated with nurses’ self-evaluated caring behaviors. Moreover, inpatient setting and communication mode were significantly associated with patients’ self-evaluated caring behaviors.

Introduction: Critical patients have different needs compared to patients in other general inpatient wards, so they need extra treatments from a nurse. Nurse caring behavior gived through an approach in which nurses work by improving their concern to patients. However, it is influenced by caring efficacy in which a nurse is confident to express his or her caring to patients. The aims of this study were to identify the correlation between caring efficacy with nurse caring behavior in taking care of critical patients at dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara Serang Hospital in Banten ProvinceMethods: This is a quantitative study with employed a correlation study. The sample size comprised 66 Nurses of ER, ICU and HCU with total sampling technique. The instruments used are CES (Caring Efficacy Scale) to measure caring efficacy and CBA (Caring Behavior Assessment) to measure nurse caring behavior. Descriptive analysis using mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency distribution. Meanwhile, inferential analysis used Pearson's Correlation.Results: The univariate analysis results showed the mean ± DS score of caring behavior is 87.6 ± 10.12. Meanwhile, the mean ± DS score of caring efficacy is 86.23 ± 8.74. Further, inferential analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.000) and moderate correlations (r = 0.448) between caring efficacy and nurse caring behavior.Conclusion: Higher of nurse's caring efficacy were followed by higher of nurse's caring behavior in taking care of critical patients. Findings can be used by academic as a prospective nurse and health professionals, to implement a concept of caring efficacy to improve caring behavior. Further research can be a focus on the nursing interventions based on nurses caring behavior to strengthen and increase in taking care of critical patients.

Background: Caring is the major focus of nursing practice, and their behavior has an impact on the quality of patient care, and it is very important that they are satisfied while working. The strong relationship between job satisfaction and nurses caring behavior is well established, and therefore the managers can be encouraged to provide better conditions for nurses’ satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and the caring behavior of nurses in the Military Hospital. Design and Methods: A survey with a self-assessment questionnaire was carried out from August to December 2019. Participants were 121 nurses working in a military hospital Malang, Indonesia. The data was collected using the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI- 24). The data were analyzed using rank Spearman and multiple linear regression. Results: Job satisfaction had a positive correlation with the caring behavior of nurses (p=0.003; r=0.266). Furthermore, there were four job satisfaction dimensions namely supervision, contingent rewards, co-workers, nature of work and communication dimensions were positively correlated with nurses’ caring behavior (p0.05). Conclusions: Caring behavior of nurses is influenced by job satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to provide supervision, contingent rewards, empowerment, collaboration program for the nurses to reconstruct the nursing working environment to be healthier and increase the caring behavior of nurses. Significance for public health The nurses are group of health-care professionals that have the largest number of healthcare workforce in the world. Nurses practice independently and have the ability in promoting and maintaining human health. However, their job satisfaction is rarely investigated, and there are several negative impacts that may arise from unsatisfied nurses. The decreased motivation in providing care, leading to an increase in patient complaints as well as potential safety incidence. These consequences indicated a red flag for the qualified healthcare services provided in the public health. This study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and the caring behavior of nurses. The result is expected to identify specific factors of job satisfaction that can be modified to maintain caring behavior in which the decreasing quality of care can be prevented.

Caring is the heart of the nursing profession and the patients and their health status are dynamic and need to be cared for as a unit of body and mind. The caring behavior of nurses needs to improve as the demand for caring is vital in meeting the different needs of the patient. It can be achieved through introduction of a program that is specifically designed to effectively enhance the caring behavior of the nurses. Transpersonal caring as a background conceptual framework was used to explain that an educational training will create an effect on caring behaviors of nurses. Through this, nurse-patient relationship will improve quality health care and increase patient safety in clinical practice. It can be achieved by conducting educational training to improve nurses caring behavior. The CARE program was developed as an intervention for this study. The aim is to investigate the effectiveness of CARE program in improving the caring behavior of nurses caring for ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. A one group pre-test post-test design was utilized. Post-tests were done one week and after one month. Convience sampling was used to select participants for the said program. The study population were nurses working on the identified wards and special areas and who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The CARE program for nurses caring for ESRD patients is the independent variable while the caring behavior of nurses is the dependent variable. Nurse variables such as age, sex, highest educational attainment, length of experience and training/s attended related to hemodialysis served as the modified variables. The CBI-24 nurse version was used as the research tool and results were interpreted using appropriate statistical treatment. There were thirty-nine (n=39) nurses who participated, majority were 21-30 years old (43.6%), mostly females, with BSN degrees (82.1%); and with no trainings on hemodialysis (71.8%). Mean scores on caring behavior reported were at 5.31 (pre-test) and 5.66 after one month. The following domains showed: on assurance (pre-test 5.42, post-test 5.72), on knowledge and skills (pre-test 5.47, post-test 5.73), on respectful domain (pre-test 5.31, post-test 5.68), connectedness domain (pre-test 5.04, post-test 5.55). Connectedness was associated with education. The area on giving patient instructions or teaching the patient was highlighted in connectedness. The discussion addresses some possible reasons why the participating nurses prioritized certain caring behaviors. Technical skills and task oriented are common practice here in the Philippine health setting. Nurses are likely to prioritize their duties due to labor shortage. A one (1) day educational program tailored to improve the caring behavior of nurses was conducted and had a positive result that benefited the participants. The caring behaviors of the participants improved, and the training program gained a positive feedback., Masters Thesis

Background: Caring is the essence of nursing that is believed vital in improving the health and well-being of patients and in facilitating health promotion. Nursing education has a fundamental role in shaping a positive student’s caring behavior.Objective: This study identified the caring behavior of the final-year nursing students after completing a critical care nursing course unit by implementing assorted teaching-learning strategies.Methods: This study was a descriptive research using a comparative design. Samples were recruited from a group of 152 final-year students using a random sampling technique (n=76). Data were collected using a valid and reliable Indonesian caring instrument consisting of 32 items based on Watson’s ten carative factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by calculating mean scores of students’ caring behavior. A paired t test was performed to evaluate the difference between caring behavior before and after completion of the course unit involving a diverse teaching learning strategies, such as face-to-face lectures in the class, quizzes and practicums, facilitated small group case-based discussions, and expert reviews.Results: Results showed that more than half of the students had negative caring behavior before (59.22%) and after (54.55%) participating in learning process. There was also a barely statistical unsignificance in the change of caring behavior following the course unit that involved various learning strategies (p value = 0.276). Further analyses of the 10 carative factors revealed that there was a significant change in transpersonal teaching-learning, provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, sociocultural, and spiritual environment, and spiritual environment and existential-phenomenological spiritual forces (improved, p value

Introduction Nursing care encompasses physical, emotional, mental and social needs, in order to improve a patient's health and wellbeing. Caring is the central core and the essence of nursing. The important issue of care is access to proper care and increasing patients' satisfaction. Job performance of nurses is affected by many factors including organizational commitment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between organizational commitment and nurses caring behavior. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 322 nurses from selected Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran were randomly selected and enrolled in the study in 2015. The self-reported data by nurses were collected through demographic characteristics questionnaire, Meyer & Allen organizational commitment model and Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI). Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software version 20, using t-test and ANOVA. Findings The majority of nurses (63%) were female. The mean score and standard deviation of organizational commitment and caring behavior of nurses were 74.12±9.61 and 203.1±22.46, respectively. The results showed a significantly positive correlation between organizational commitment and caring behavior (p=0.001). Conclusion In this study the caring behavior of nurses with higher organizational commitment were significantly better than the others. Managers and nurse leaders should pay more attention to improve organizational commitment of nurses, in order to improve nurses' performance.

Background Nursing care behavior and nurse’s perception of effective care behavior is an act, conduct, and mannerism enacted by professional nurses that convey concern, safety, and attention to the patient. Behavior associated with caring has a paramount role in linking nursing interaction to the client in experiences but, the concept is ambiguous and elusive toward different scholars to reach on common understanding. Only a few studies have been done on the caring behavior and associated factors globally, and no study was done in this study area. Therefore; the purpose of this study was to assess caring behavior and its associated factors among nurses working in Jimma University specialized hospital, southwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 224 nurses working in Jimma university specialized hospital from March 20–April 20, 2019. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency table, mean, standard deviation and percentage were employed. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used with regression coefficient (β), coefficient of the determinant (R2), CI 95% and p Results The overall proportion of nurses caring behavior was 80.3% which was mostly measured in terms of professional –technical (82.9%) and psychosocial (81.3%) dimension. Job satisfaction as personal satisfaction (beta = 1.12, p = 0.00), professional satisfaction, (beta = 1.07, p = 0.00), joint participation in caring process (beta = 0.58, p = 0.00,) satisfaction with nurse management (beta = 0.85, p = 00) were significantly associated with caring behavior. Conclusion The proportion of nurses who had a high perception of caring behavior was found to be lower. Thus, all predictors have their own effect on enhancing job satisfaction, improving and creating conducive management and working environment to increase caring behavior. Further comparative studies involving multidisciplinary and patient point of view were recommended.

Aim: This study was planned and carried out to determine how teamwork attitudes of nurses working in surgical clinics affect their caring behaviors. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted as a relational descriptive study. The research population consisted of 126 nurses working in the surgical clinics of a state hospital. A total of 116 nurses who agreed to participate in the study were admitted to the study. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Question Form, the Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (TAQ), and the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24). Data were analyzed using counts, percentage distributions, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, Games–Howell post hoc test, and Spearman's correlation. Results: The nurses participating in the study were found to have a mean score of 112.11 ± 17.86 for the TAQ and a mean score of 4.95 ± 0.54 for the CBI. There was a statistically positive correlation between the nurses' teamwork attitudes and caring behaviors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be said that the teamwork attitudes of the nurses had a positive effect on their caring behaviors. It may be suggested to plan relevant research studies examining especially observational behavioral assessments.

Student’s learning and performance reflects the professional attitude, behavior, ethics and standards of their instructors. The aim of this study is to analyse the perception of Indonesian Nursing students regarding caring behavior and teaching characteristics of their CNIs. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 149 Professional Nursing students from Regular program (Baccalaureate) and Post diploma BSN and 15 Clinical Nursing Instructors were recruited from nursing faculty of public university located in Surabaya Indonesia. Data were collected by questionnaire and FGD was conducted to explore detailed information. In descriptive analysis: 6 % students perceived the caring behavior of their clinical instructors as low, 52.3% responds it as enough and 41.6 % considered it good. Teaching characteristics of CNI; 2.7% low, 26.8 as enough and 70.5 % good as perceived by their students. Data collected from students was analysed by using logistic regression test. Professional commitment with (P-value .038), motivation (P-value .010) and clinical placement environment (P-value .002) in main category (significance value is < 0.05) shows influence on perception of Indonesian nursing students regarding caring behaviour and teaching characteristics of their CNIs. In focused group discussion students’ recommended to increase the number of visits in clinical area and emphasises on bed side clinical demonstration. It can be concluded that students’ characteristics does have influence on their perception regarding caring behavior and clinical setting environment influence their perception regarding teaching characteristics of their CNIs.

Introduction: Holistic learning requires attention and potential of students that covers aspects of intellectual, emotional, physical, artistic, spiritual, and creativity. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design. The samples in this study were 30 students in semester 2 of nursing diploma Sidoarjo. Samples given intervention in the form of holistic learning, and given a pretest and posttest including measurement of acetylcholine levels by quantitative Elisa technique, and caring behavior by using questionnaires and observations. Data were analyzed using levene’s test, t-test, wilcoxon test and correlation. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the level of asetilkoline before and after the intervention with p = 0.015, whereas significant differences in caring behavior indicates p = 0.001. The result of correlation test showed that there was significant correlation between the levels of acetylcholine and caring behavior after intervention (r = 0.003). Disscussion: It was concluded that the holistic learning model can improve the asetilkoline levels and caring behavior of the students. Lecturers are encouraged to use the model of holistic learning in teaching students.Keywords: holistic learning, acetylcholine, caring behavior, nursing care.

Introduction: Theoretically, caring relationship between faculty – student generates a caring moment. However, there is a scarcity of empirical evidence about how caring interactions with faculty can enhance students’ caring outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the levels of students’ and instructors’ caring behavior and to explore the correlations between instructors’ and students’ caring behavior. Methods: A descriptive, non – experimental design has been used in this study. Data collection was based on interviews using two standardized questionnaires; the Nursing Students’ Perception of Instructor Caring (NSPIC) and the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI). Respondents were consisting of nursing students from identified schools and colleges of nursing in different countries. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0. Results: The sample was consisted of 368 nursing students (91% female, 9% male) from seven countries (26% Philippines, 31.5% Greece, 1% Kenya, 0.5 Oman, 35.5% India, 5% Nigeria, 0.5% Saudi Arabia). Forty two percent of students are in the second year of studies, 13% in the third year and 45% in the fourth year. The mean score of NSPIC was 4.02±0.30 and the mean of CBI was4.56±0.13. The mean for each factor of NSPIC was 4.39±0.13 for the factor “instills confidence through caring”, 3.92±0.212 for “supportive learning climate”, 4.06±0.06 for “appreciation of life’s meaning”, 3.66±0.11 for “control versus flexibility” and 4.01±0.48 for “respectful sharing”. The mean for each factor of CBI was 4.63±0.11 for the factor “assurance”, 4.58±0.06 for “knowledge and skills”, 4.55±0.18 for “respectful” and 4.47±0.14 for “connectedness”. Correlation analysis showed statistically significance between relevant variables. Conclusions: Instructors’ caring behavior affects nursing students’ caring behavior. Through positive faculty modeling and role modeling, nursing students can be professionally trained to develop the competence of caring.

This study aimed to describe intrapersonal characteristics (professional values, personality, empathy, and job involvement), work performance as perceived by nurses, and caring behaviors as perceived by patients, and to examine the relationships among these variables. A cross‐sectional design was employed. A sample was recruited of 218 nurses and 116 patients in four private hospitals and four public hospitals. Data were collected using self‐report measures. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, hierarchical linear modelling, correlations, and structural equation modeling. Nurses perceived their work performance to be of high quality. Among the intrapersonal characteristics, nurses had high scores for professional values, and moderately high scores for personality, empathy and job involvement. Patients perceived nurses' caring behaviors as moderately high. Professional values of nurses were the only selected intrapersonal characteristic with a statistically significant positive relationship, of practical importance, with work performance as perceived by nurses and with caring behaviors as perceived by patients at ward level. Managers can enhance nurses' work performance and caring behaviors through provision of in‐service training that focuses on development of professional values

本研究の目的は,ケアリング行動の実践を促進し,がん看護の質向上およびケアリング教育を具現化する基礎資料を得るために,がん看護に重要なケアリングの関連要因を考慮したケアリング行動の実践の性差を明らかにすることである.全国がんセンター協議会に加盟する10 施設の看護師118 名(男性59 名・女性59 名)に自記式質問紙による留め置き調査を行い,104 名を分析対象とした(有効回答率88.1%).調査内容は,ケアリング行動の実践,性別,年齢,がん看護経験年数,専門学歴,自律性,生き方等であり,重回帰分析で解析した.その結果,関連要因のケアリング行動の実践への関連のしかたに性差は認められなかった.また,関連要因の値が男女間で等しい場合のケアリング行動の実践において,重相関係数R 0.683,決定係数R2 0.466,偏相関0.098 であり,性差はないことが示唆された.

Background Promoting respect and dignity is a key component of providing quality care during facility-based childbirth and is becoming a critical indicator of maternal health care. Providing quality care requires essential skills and attitudes from healthcare providers, as their role is central to optimizing interventions in maternity settings. Methods In 13 facilities in Kenya we conducted a mixed methods, pre-post study design to assess health providers’ perspectives of a multi-component intervention (the Heshima project), which aimed to mitigate aspects of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. Providers working in maternity units at study facilities were interviewed using a two-part quantitative questionnaire: an interviewer-guided section on knowledge and practice, and a self-administered section focusing on intrinsic value systems and perceptions. Eleven distinct composite scores were created on client rights and care, provider emotional wellbeing, and work environments. Bivariate analyses compared pre- and post-scores. Qualitative in-depth interviews focused on underlying factors that affected provider attitudes and behaviors including the complexities of service delivery, and perceptions of the Heshima interventions. Results Composite scales were developed on provider knowledge of client rights (Chronbach α = 0.70), client-centered care (α = 0.80), and HIV care (α = 0.81); providers’ emotional health (α = 0.76) and working relationships (α = 0.88); and provider perceptions of management (α = 0.93), job fairness (α = 0.68), supervision (α = 0.84), promotion (α = 0.83), health systems (α = 0.85), and work environment (α = 0.85). Comparison of baseline and endline individual item scores and composite scores showed that provider knowledge of client rights and practice of a rights-based approach, treatment of clients living with HIV, and client-centered care during labor, delivery, and postnatal periods improved (p

Introduction: In this era of globalization and free market, demand from the society for adequate health care is increasing and encouraging hospitals to provide the best services. Better services require continuous and perfect planning in service quality improvement. The goal of this study was to find the development strategy to improve the quality of nursing care based on analysis of nurses caring behaviors position using customer window.Method: This study used 30 samples to assess input, proses and output. Research site was in Bhakti Rahayu hospital Surabaya for 1 month. Research instrument was questionnaire. Research data was used to determine optimum strategy of operational research approach using a simple dynamic program.Result: The result showed that the optimum strategy throught the line of affordable cuost – good fasilities – sufficient caring behavior – sufficient administrative – sufficient infrastructure – reliable human resources had the greates value of 70.Conclusion it can be cancluded that not all ideal line have a high value.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar si existen diferencias entre las enfermeras de pacientes hospitalizados y sus familiares, respecto de la percepción de cuáles conductas de cuidado son importantes. Material y método: Estudio descrip tivo, transversal, cuya muestra, estratificada por servicio, estuvo constituida por 54 enfermeras y 96 familiares de un hospital general. Para medir la variable respuesta se empleó el Caring Assessment Instrument (Care- Q) de Patricia Larson, que consta de 50 preguntas dividas en 6 subescalas que miden el comportamiento del pro fesional de enfermería en la entrega de cuidado: a) es accesible, b) explica y facilita, c) conforta, d) se anticipa, e) mantiene relación de confianza y f) monitorea y hace seguimiento. Resultados: La priorización de la primera conducta, representada por la subescala "monitorea y hace seguimiento", coincide en ambos grupos. En rela ción a la importancia asignada al resto de las conductas de cuidado y sus subescalas, se observan diferencias en ambos grupos. Conclusión: La priorización de las categorías y conductas de cuidado entre las enfermeras y los familiares de los pacientes son diferentes y como primera selección se enfocan hacia conductas del tipo técnicas, más que al desarrollo de habilidades sociales. ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether there are differences between nurses of hospitalized patients and their relatives, regarding the perception they have of what care behaviors are important. Material and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study whose sample, stratified by service, consisted of 54 nurses and 96 relatives of a general hospital. To measure the response variable, the Caring Assessment Instrument (Care- Q) by Patricia Larson was used, which consists of 50 questions divided into 6 sub-scales that measure the behavior of the nursing professional in the delivery of care: a) it is accessible, b) explains and facilitates, c) comforts, d) anticipates, e) maintains a relationship of trust and f) monitors and follows up. Results: The prioritization of the first behav ior, represented by the subscale "monitors and follows-up", coincides in both groups. Regarding the importance assigned to the rest of the care behaviors and their subscales, differences are observed in both groups. Conclu sion: The prioritization of care categories and behaviors between nurses and patients' relatives are different and, as a first choice, it focuses on technical type behavior rather than the development of social skills.

Rumah sakit berupaya menciptakan mutu pelayanan yang terbaik sebagai salah satu faktor penentu citra di masyarakat. Perilaku caring perawat meru- pakan salah satu indikator mutu pelayanan yang diterima oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi persepsi pasien terhadap perilaku caring perawat di Rumah Sakit Ichsan Medical Centre Bintaro dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi adalah pasien rawat inap dengan pengambilan sampel random sampling sebesar 93. Data dianalisis dengan univariat sampai bivariat dengan analisis kai kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan persepsi pasien yang menjalani perawatan di rawat inap Rumah Sakit Ichsan Medical Centre Bintaro adalah kebutuhan caring (nilai p = 0,001) dan perilaku caring perawat (nilai p = 0,006). Terpenuhinya kebutuhan caring dan perbaikan perilaku caring perawat akan menjadikan persepsi pasien menjadi positif selama rawat inap.The hospital strives to create the best quality of service as a determining factor for the image in society. Nurse caring behavior is one indicator of the quality of service received by the public. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence patient perception to nurse caring behaviors in Ichsan Medical Centre Hospital Bintaro with cross sectional design. The population was inpatients with sampling random sampling of 93. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate by chi-square analysis. The results showed that associated factors with the perception of patients undergoing inpatient treatment at Ichsan Medical Centre Hospital Bintaro is caring needs (p value = 0.001) and the nurse caring behaviors (p value = 0.006). The fulfillment needs of caring and repair will make the nurse caring behaviors the perception become positive patients during hospitalization.

本研究の目的は,がん患者のケアを担う看護師のケアリング行動の実践に影響する要因を明らかにし,ケアリング行動の実践を促進するための支援についての示唆を得ることである.全国がんセンター協議会に加盟する5施設の看護師646名に自記式質問紙による留め置き調査を行った.回収率は70.9%で428人を分析対象とした.調査内容は個人属性,ケアリング行動の実践,自律性,生き方,自己効力感,自尊感情であり、記述統計、相関分析で解析した.その結果,ケアリング行動の実践との相関は,自律性(r=.602),生き方(r=.427),自己効力感(r=.277),自尊感情(r=.242),がん看護経験年数(r=.154),専門学歴(r=.055)であった.本結果から, ケアリング行動の実践を促進するには,ケアリング行動の重要性を認識させ,日々の看護実践の中でケアリング行動を実践するための支援と,看護師の自律性を構成する「認知能力」,「実践能力」などに着目した教育を行う必要があるとの示唆を得た.

Objective: 1) To describe nurses’ caring behavior for terminally ill pediatric patients 2) To identify the relationships between nurses’ caring behavior for terminally ill pediatric patients and personal factors of nurses. Material and Methods: 70 pediatric nurses were selected by purposive sampling from pediatric general units and intensive care unit at Songklanagarind Hospital. Nurses had experiences in caring for terminally ill pediatric patients at least 6 months. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: personal data and nurses’ caring behavior for terminally ill pediatrics by rating scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.95. Results: Nurses’ caring behavior for terminally ill pediatric patients was at high-level (X=2.37, S.D.=0.35). The highest dimension was physical care behavior (X=2.55, S.D.=0.32) then spiritual dimension (X=2.28, S.D.=0.52), and psychosocial dimension was the lowest score (X=2.25, S.D.=0.37). There was no significant correlation between nurses’ caring behavior for terminally ill pediatrics with personal factors of nurses. Conclusion: The study could be used as baseline information to enhance the pediatric nurses understanding related to caring behavior for terminally ill pediatric patients. Also, the result could be used as a guideline for taking holistic care for the terminally ill pediatric patients.

Background: Nowadays, caring for patients at the end of life becomes an indicator of the quality of care in a hospital. Nurses are the key people to provide care for dying patients, therefore caring behaviors of nurses could affect the quality of care. To attain and maintain the quality of care at the end of life, factors that contribute to nurses’ caring behaviors for dying patients needs to be addressed.Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review factors relating to nurses’ caring behaviors for dying patients from existing literature.Method: Relevant literature from electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Science direct, OVID, Proquest, and The Cochrane Library during the year 1990-2010, was examined, synthesized, and categorized systematically.Result: The results showed that factors related to a nurse’s caring behavior for a dying patient can be classified into three groups. These include; Nurse’s personal factors, Technological influencing factors and Environmental factors.Conclusion: The three factors related to nurses’ caring behaviors for dying patients in the current review could serve as a valuable database to implement in nursing practice, education and research, in order to achieve quality of end-of-life care.Key words: caring behavior, relating factor, dying patient

Background and aims: Caring as a multidimensional concept can be occurring according to teaching main values. Thus, the present study was performed to assess the caring behavior educational plan on nursing student with the aim of develop the students9 ability to become a health care professional staff. Methods: these study was quasi-experimental interventional study that performed at academic second semester (2014) in Abadan school of medical sciences. 6 & 8 semesters of nursing student were randomly divided in case and control groups. The educational plan has been designed on Watson9s theory was carried out for case group during the course of medical-surgical ward but control group received rotine tutorial. The student9s perception was assessed with CDI-35 tool before and after the study in two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software. Results: In this study, 58 students were divided into two groups of 29. No significant difference was not in demographic variables between two groups.in the scope of inappropriate care was a significant difference between two groups in the pretest. Although the raise of mean was observed in 5 dimension of caring behavior in case group (p=0/0001) and in technical-professional scope in control group (p=0/001). Conclusion: As regards goal of nursing education programs, training nurses to promote the art and science of nursing, Also considering the importance of nursing care in the health system, and the need to design programs to strengthen and empower nurses is inevitable, the results of this study can be helpful in this regard.

The purpose of this European survey was to examine the relationship of surgical patients' and nurses' personal characteristics with their perceptions of caring behaviors. Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) was completed by convenience samples of 1,659 patients and 1,195 nurses from six countries of Europe. The results showed that the older the patients, the more positive were their evaluations of CBI. Those with planned admission and good/very good health conditions gave higher ratings compared to those with an emergency and poor health conditions. Type of admission, age, and health conditions explained 5.2% of CBI variance. Nurses with more work experience and experience in the unit gave significantly higher ratings compared to nurses with less experience. Nurses' total experience and gender explained 2.3% of the variance of perceived care. Therefore, in a multinational surgical environment, caring behaviors may be influenced by other variables, better captured by using different research methods. This study was funded by the Cyprus University of Technology.

This study examined the relationship between person-organization (PO) fit on prosocial identity (prosocial PO fit) and various employee outcomes. The results of polynomial regression analysis based on a sample of 589 hospital employees, which included medical doctors, nurses, and staff, indicate joint effects of personal and organizational prosocial identity on the development of a sense of organizational identification and on the engagement in prosocial behaviors toward colleagues, organizations, and patients. Specifically, prosocial PO fit had a curvilinear relationship with organizational identification, such that organizational identification increased as organizational prosocial characteristics increased toward personal prosocial identity and then decreased when the organizational prosocial characteristics exceeded the personal prosocial identity. In addition, organizational identification and prosocial behaviors increased as both personal and organizational prosocial identity increased from low to high.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]; This study examined the relationship between person–organization (PO) fit on prosocial identity (prosocial PO fit) and various employee outcomes. The results of polynomial regression analysis based on a sample of 589 hospital employees, which included medical doctors, nurses, and staff, indicate joint effects of personal and organizational prosocial identity on the development of a sense of organizational identification and on the engagement in prosocial behaviors toward colleagues, organizations, and patients. Specifically, prosocial PO fit had a curvilinear relationship with organizational identification, such that organizational identification increased as organizational prosocial characteristics increased toward personal prosocial identity and then decreased when the organizational prosocial characteristics exceeded the personal prosocial identity. In addition, organizational identification and prosocial behaviors increased as both personal and organizational prosocial identity increased from low to high.

A partir de um referencial etológico, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar uma modalidade de comportamento pró-social, o comportamento de cuidado, entre crianças em diferentes ambientes institucionais. Foram sujeitos 30 crianças, provenientes de três instituições, distribuídas igualmente quanto ao sexo e na faixa etária de dois anos. Essas crianças foram acompanhadas por dois anos através de sessões observacionais com registro em vídeo, utilizando-se a técnica de observação do sujeito focal. Para a análise estatística foram utilizadas as técnicas CHAID (Detetor Automático de Interação Baseado em Qui-Quadrado) e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Os resultados evidenciam a influência do contexto sócio-afetivo e dos arranjos ambientais sobre as variações do comportamento de cuidado entre as crianças. O tipo de estruturação das atividades assim como o nível de fatores de risco constituem elementos da organização ambiental que repercutem diretamente na freqüência e variações desse comportamento, indicando sua dependência dos fatores contextuais do ambiente.The objective of the present paper was to investigate a kind of pro-social behavior, the caring behavior among children in different institutional environments, based on an ethological model. The participants were 30 two-year-old children, of both genders, from three different institutions. These children were followed for two years, through observation sessions registered on video, using the technique of observing the focal subject. The data were analyzed using CHAID (Automatic Detector of Interaction based on Chi-Squared) and repeated measures ANOVAs. The results showed the influence of the social and affective context in the environmental arrangements on the variations of caring behavior among children. The structure of the activities and the degree of risk factors were the elements of the environmental organization which directly affected the frequency and variation of caring behavior, indicating their dependence on the contextual factors of the environment.

Although respect and human presence are frequently reported in nursing literature, these are poorly defined within a nursing context. The aim of this study was to examine the differences, if any, in the perceived frequency of respect and human presence in the clinical care, between nurses and patients. A convenience sample of 1537 patients and 1148 nurses from six European countries (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy) participated in this study during autumn 2009. The six-point Likert-type Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 questionnaire was used for gathering appropriate data. The findings showed statistically significant differences of nurses’ and patients’ perception of frequency on respect and human presence. These findings provide a better understanding of caring behaviours that convey respect and assurance of human presence to persons behind the patients and may contribute to close gaps in knowledge regarding patients’ expectations.

Aim. This paper is a report of an international study of patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of nurse caring behaviours. Background. Current economic constraints on healthcare systems, demand to increase the quality of care and the incorporation of the consumers’ perspective into care, have created a need to develop a clear understanding of nursing behaviours which convey caring. Patients in different areas of the world report different expectations of nurses’ caring actions when compared to nurses’ views. Method. A descriptive comparative survey design was used to analyse a sample of surgical patients (n = 1659) and their nurses (n = 1195) in 88 wards of 34 hospitals in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy. Data were collected in autumn 2009 using the Caring Behaviours Inventory-24. Nurses’ and patients’ responses were compared using both inferential and descriptive statistics. Results. Independent samples t-tests showed important differences between nurses’ and patients’ views. Although both groups perceived knowledge and skill as being the most important sub-scale, the nurses’ responses were higher compared to patients (P < 0·05) with important differences in the ‘assurance of human presence’ (P < 0·001) and the ‘respectful deference to others’ (P < 0·001) sub-scales. Cross-country comparisons showed important differences between the nurses’ (F = 24·199, P < 0·001) and patients’ views on caring (F = 26·945, P < 0·001). Conclusions. Important differences were observed between patient–nurse perceptions in the participating countries. The results form a foundation for future research into the development of a common international perspective about caring behaviours between patients and their nurses.

Los métodos de redes neuronales han facilitado la unificación de varias desafortunadas divisiones en psicología, incluida la de naturaleza versus crianza. Se revisan aquí las contribuciones de esta metodología, para luego examinar las propuestas teóricas basadas en redes acerca de la conducta de cuidado, la conducta de descuido y cómo los lóbulos frontales están involucrados en las elecciones entre éstas. Las implicaciones de nuestra teoría son optimistas acerca de los prospectos de la sociedad para fortalecer el potencial humano para el cuidado. Neural network methods have facilitated the unification of several unfortunate splits in psychology, including nature versus nurture. We review the contributions of this methodology and then discuss tentative network theories of caring behavior, of uncaring behavior, and of how the frontal lobes are involved in the choices between them. The implications of our theory are optimistic about the prospects of society to encourage the human potential for caring.

The aim with the study was to describe and to compare nurse students' views about important caring behaviors in order to give good caring. An empirical comparative study was implemented on a college in the middle of Sweden. Nurse students in the beginning and at the end of their education sorted and prioritized 50 caring behaviors (CARE-Q). The result showed that the students' description of important caring behaviors has many similarities. However, the result also showed that there were significant differences between the student-groups where the students at the beginning of their education rated several caring behavior as significant more important than the students in the end of their education. The findings showed that there were significant differences in 7 caring behaviors. “Gets to know the patient as an individual person”, “Volunteers to do “little” things for the patient, e.g., brings a cup of coffee, a paper etc.”, “Offers reasonable alternatives to the patient, such as choice of appointment times, bath times etc.”, “Is cheerful”, “Introduces herself/himself and tells the patient what he/she does”, “Touches the patient when he/she needs comfort”, “Knows when to call the doctor”. The result showed on that there was not any significant difference between the study-groups in CARE-Q different dimensions. Conclusion; In those cases where differences were found between the student groups these most often concerned caring behavior of human nature, i e. the more fundamental in the nurse trade's area of responsibility and that students at beginning of their education assessed these as more important in order to provide good care. Keywords: Nursing student, Caring behavior, Perceptions, CARE-Q.