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14 Pág. INIA, For understanding the molecular events underlying the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of estrous cycle, and anestrous (A) phase, the pars tuberalis (PT), and hypothalamus (HT) transcriptomes of 21 ewes were studied. In HT, 72 and 3 differential expression genes (DEGs) were found when comparing F vs. A and L vs. A, respectively. In PT, 6 and 4 DEGs were found in F vs. A and L vs. A comparisons, respectively. Enrichment analysis for DEGs between the F and A phases in the HT revealed significant clusters, mainly associated with actin-binding, and cytoskeleton, that are related to neural plasticity modulated by gonadal steroid hormones, as well as with oxytocin signaling. We found that DEGs in PT had higher differences in expression levels than those found in HT. In this sense, the ITLN was highly upregulated in the F and L vs. A phases, being MRPL57 and IRX4 highly downregulated in L vs. A comparison. The DDC gene in PT, related to LH regulation, was upregulated in the F phase. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed multiple pathways related to neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. Our study reveals new candidate genes involved in the reproductive stages' transitions in seasonal sheep., K. Lakhssassi is supported by doctoral grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain. This study was partially financed by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain research projects INIA-RTA2013-00041-C02 and INIA-RTA2015-0090-C03, and the European Union Regional Development funds; and the Research Group Funds of the Aragón Government (Grupo SAGAS Ref. A14_20R).

This study was performed during the anestrous, involving 140 Akkaraman Kangal ewes whose lambs had died in the neonatal stage due to pneumonia and enteritis. Intravaginal sponge containing progesterone was placed to the animals (Group 1, n = 70) on day 0 and removed after 7 days, following which 263 µg PGF2α and 500 IU eCG were administered to the sheep. Ram introduction was performed for 7 days (days 8-14), starting from the day after the removal of the intravaginal sponge (day 8). The animals in Group 2 (n = 70) were not exposed to any treatment. Ram introduction was performed simultaneously in both the groups. To determine the reproductive response, reproductive parameters such as estrous, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and embryonic mortality rates, number of births, number of offspring, and fertility, as well as their economic implications, were compared between groups. Each reproductive parameter exhibited a statistical difference between groups. An economically positive trend was observed in the study group compared with the control group. It was concluded that in case of lamb losses in commercial farms that derive profit from lambing, pregnancy of ewes can be achieved via sexual stimulation without waiting for the next breeding season. RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado durante o anestrous, envolvendo 140 ovelhas Akkaraman Kangal cujos cordeiros haviam morrido no estágio neonatal devido a pneumonia e enterite. A esponja intragaginal contendo progesterona foi colocada aos animais (Grupo 1, n = 70) no dia 0 e removida após 7 dias, após os quais 263 µg PGF2α e 500 UI eCG foram administrados às ovelhas. A introdução do carneiro foi realizada por 7 dias (dias 8-14), a partir do dia seguinte à remoção da esponja intravaginal (dia 8). Os animais do Grupo 2 (n = 70) não foram expostos a nenhum tratamento. A introdução do carneiro foi realizada simultaneamente em ambos os grupos. Para determinar a resposta reprodutiva, foram comparados entre os grupos parâmetros reprodutivos, tais como estrogênio, gravidez, gravidez múltipla e taxas de mortalidade embrionária, número de nascimentos, número de descendentes e fertilidade, bem como suas implicações econômicas. Cada parâmetro reprodutivo exibia uma diferença estatística entre os grupos. Uma tendência economicamente positiva foi observada no grupo de estudo em comparação com o grupo de controle. Concluiu-se que no caso de perdas de cordeiros em fazendas comerciais que obtêm lucros com a parição, a gravidez de ovelhas pode ser obtida através de estimulação sexual sem esperar pela próxima estação de reprodução.

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la página web de la revista en la siguiente URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.867671/full Este artículo de investigación pertenece a la sección "Animal Reproduction - Theriogenology". Changes in semen microbiota are associated with alterations to sperm quality and fertility. However, the microbiota from most livestock species has not yet been studied. Goats are seasonal breeders, but semen microbiota has never been described in this species, and it is unknown how seasonality affects it. Our study objective is 2-fold: to describe the microbiota in goat buck ejaculates and to determine if it differs between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Semen from six males of the Murciano-Granadina breed was collected during both seasons. Two replicates were performed per male and season on different days. The microbiota was characterized by genomic sequencing technology. Sperm quality was also evaluated. Repetition was not significant for the studied variables. Sperm velocities were higher for the breeding than for the non-breeding season. The ejaculates from both seasons also differed in the proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa. The five dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes during the breeding season and Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria during the non-breeding season. The dominant genus during both seasons was Ureaplasma. Differences in microbial community structure (the beta diversity) were found. A decrease in the relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium and an increase in the genera Sphingomonas and Halomonas were observed in the ejaculates collected during the breeding season. Sphingomonas and Faecalibacterium abundance favorably and unfavorably correlated with sperm quality, respectively. In conclusion, the semen microbiota from goat bucks varies between breeding and nonbreeding seasons, and the microbiota remains stable for 7 days within a season. In addition, the genera Sphingomonas and Faecalibacterium could be possible biomarkers of semen quality in goat bucks. These results contribute to an in-depth understanding of the effects of reproductive seasonality on goat buck ejaculates.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de carcinoma espinocelular da base do chifre, bilateral e simétrico, em uma vaca e discutir a questão hormonal, possivelmente envolvida na patogênese da doença. Tratava-se de uma fêmea bovina, 11 anos, com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo, presença de massas exofíticas na base de ambos os chifres e em anestro por muitos anos. Foi realizada biopsia incisional de ambas as lesões para exame histopatológico e dosagens hormonais. Devido à progressão do quadro clínico, optou-se pela eutanásia, seguida dos exames necroscópico e histopatológico. O exame histopatológico revelou tratar-se de um carcinoma espinocelular infiltrativo bem diferenciado, e as dosagens hormonais apresentaram alterações nos níveis do hormônio luteinizante, folículo estimulante e estrógenos totais. Apesar de existirem descrições de carcinomas espinocelulares da base do chifre, ainda não havia relatos da ocorrência do mesmo bilateral e em uma vaca com distúrbios hormonais. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe a case of bilateral and symmetrical squamous cell carcinoma from the horn base in a cow and to discuss the hormonal question, possibly involved in its pathogenesis. A 11-year-old beef cow presenting a history of progressive thinning, presence of exophytic masses at the base of both horns and anestrous for many years was assisted. An incisional biopsy of both lesions was performed for histopathological examination and hormonal dosages. Due to the clinical progression, euthanasia followed by necroscopic and histopathological examination was carried out. Histopathological examination revealed a well differentiated infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma and the hormonal dosages presented changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating and total estrogen levels. Although there are descriptions of basal squamous cell carcinoma of the horn, there were still no reports of the occurrence of the same bilateral in a cow with hormonal disorders.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 The objective of this study was to quantify serum progesterone levels, uterine features, and pregnancy rates in acyclic, embryo recipient mares using a bovine progesterone-releasing intravaginal device in a commercial embryo transfer (ET) program. The study included 73 recipient mares of unknown breed, aged 3–10 years, weighing 350–500 kg, and kept under an intensive management system on Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) pastures with water and mineral salt ad libitum. The horses were divided into two groups: a group with a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (1 g progesterone, G-IVP4, n = 24) and a control group (G-iP4, n = 49) receiving an injection of 1,500 mg long-acting progesterone. Jugular blood was collected for the G-IVP4 group for subsequent progesterone measurement by radioimmunoassay on three occasions: Day 0 (D0), intravaginal device was placed; Day 5 (D5), day of the ET; and Day 9 (D9), day of pregnancy diagnosis. There was an increase (P < .0001) in serum progesterone levels on D5 and D9 compared with D0 (4.09 ± 0.81 and 6.45 ± 1.03 ng/mL vs. 0.71 ± 0.14 ng/mL). There were no differences among groups in the pregnancy rate (P > .05), with rates of 83.33% and 73.46% for G-IVP4 and G-iP4, respectively. In conclusion, the intravaginal route for absorption of 1 g of progesterone device increased the serum level of progesterone sufficiently to prepare the uterus of acyclic recipient mares for ET, and the conception rate was similar to the standard protocol using long-acting injectable progesterone. University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) Veterinarian Haras University of São Paulo State (UNESP) University of São Paulo State (UNESP)

The possible effect of glutamate supplementation upon ovarian reactivation and serum concentrations of insulin (INS) and triiodothyronine (T3) in anestrous yearling goats was evaluated. Goats (n = 32, 12 mo., 26&deg, North, 1117 m) with a similar live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) were blood sampled twice per week for two weeks (2 &times, 1 week &times, 2 weeks) to confirm the anestrus status (&lt, 1 ng P4/mL, RIA). Thereafter, goats were randomly assigned to either 1) Glutamate (GLUT, n = 16, LW = 27.1 &plusmn, 1.09 kg, 3.5 &plusmn, 0.18 units, IV-supplemented with 7 mg of glutamate kg&minus, 1 LW), or 2) Control (CONT, n = 16, LW = 29.2 &plusmn, 1.09 kg, BCS = 3.5 &plusmn, 0.18, IV saline). During the treatment period, 16 goats (eight/group) were blood sampled twice per week for six weeks. Such serum samples (2 &times, 6 weeks) were quantified by their P4 content to evaluate the ovarian-luteal activity, whereas a sample subset (1 &times, 6 weeks) was used to quantify their INS &amp, T3 content to evaluate their metabolic status. Neither LW (28.19 kg, p &gt, 0.05) nor BCS (3.51 units, 0.05) differed between treatments. Goats depicting ovarian reactivation favored the GLUT group (50 vs. 12.5%, p &lt, 0.05). Neither INS (1.72 &plusmn, 0.15 ng mL&minus, 1) nor T3 (2.32 &plusmn, 0.11 ng mL&minus, 1) differed between treatments, yet a treatment x time interaction regarding INS &amp, T3 concentration across time favored (p &lt, 0.05) the GLUT group. The results unveil exogenous glutamate as an interesting modulator not only of ovarian reactivation, but of metabolic hormone synthesis.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with melengestrol acetate (MGA), after timed artificial insemination (TAI), on the conception rate of Nellore cows, according to cyclicity during the protocol, estrus expression between intravaginal device withdrawal and insemination, and diameter of the largest follicle at the time of insemination, in order to identify predictors of the use of MGA. Multiparous lactating cows (577) were subjected to a hormonal protocol for ovulation synchronization. On day -2 of the protocol, the animals were painted with a marker on the base of their tail. On day 0, they were evaluated for estrus expression; the preovulatory follicle diameter (POFD) was measured by ultrasonography, and the artificial insemination was performed. The animals were assigned to two experimental groups according to the supplementation or not with 0.50 mg MGA, between 13 and 18 days after TAI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using an ultrasound examination 35 days after TAI. A positive effect of the treatment with MGA on the conception rate occurred generally in animals in anestrus, irrespective of the estrus expression. For animals treated with MGA, only those with POFD greater than 14 mm showed better conception rates that the control group. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com acetato de melengestrol (MGA), após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), sobre a taxa de concepção de fêmeas bovinas da raça Nelore, de acordo com a ciclicidade durante o protocolo, a expressão do estro entre a retirada do dispositivo intravaginal e a inseminação, e o diâmetro do maior folículo no momento da inseminação, para determinar preditores da utilização do MGA. Fêmeas multíparas lactantes (577) foram submetidas a um protocolo hormonal de sincronização da ovulação. No dia -2 do protocolo, foram pintadas com bastão marcador na base da cauda. No dia 0, foram avaliadas em relação à expressão do estro; a mensuração do diâmetro do folículo pré-ovulatório (DFOL) foi feita por ultrassonografia, e a inseminação artificial foi realizada. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais de acordo com a suplementação ou não com 0,50 mg de MGA entre 13 e 18 dias após IATF. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por exame ultrassonográfico 35 dias após IATF. Um efeito positivo do tratamento com MGA sobre a taxa de concepção ocorreu, em geral, nos animais em anestro, independentemente da expressão do estro. Nos animais tratados com MGA, apenas os com DFOL acima de 14 mm apresentaram melhores taxas de concepção que o grupo-controle.

ΔΕΝ ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ, The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges or norgestomet ear implants (half or entire) for synchronizing and inducing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding period. Ewes were treated for 11 days either with 60 mg MAP sponges (group 1, n=27) or with 1.5 mg norgestomet (group 2, n=25) or with 3 mg norgestomet (group 3, n=27) ear implants. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of 500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 125 μg cloprostenol (PGF2α), 48 h prior to progestagen removal. Double Cervical Artificial Insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. Mean values for estrous detection rates at the first 12 ± 6 h and within 72 h, the time from progestagen removal to the onset of estrous, the duration of the induced estrous and pregnancy rate were found to be 46.8%, 86.1%, 26.1 ± 7.3 h, 27.0 ± 10.7 h and 27.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups 2 and 3 in the time of induced estrous onset (P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 The present aimed to develop a hormonal therapy based on the insertion of a progesterone (P4) insert (PI) during 10 d plus an estradiol injection (E2) at PI removal before the onset of breeding of beef heifers. In Exp. 1, the plasma P4 profile of prepubertal heifers showed that the insertion of a PI or 24 d previously used P4 insert (UPI) sustained plasma P4 above 1ng/mL for at least the first 7 d of the treatment. In Exp. 2 there was no positive effect of additional estradiol benzoate (EB) administered at the insertion of UPI on the proportion of heifers with a corpus luteum (CL/Treated) 30 d after UPI removal [UPI+EB=85.3%a (n=134); EB+UPI+EB=80.8%a (n=125)]; however, both were greater (Pb (n=129)]. In Exp. 3, a positive effect (P=0.01) of UPI treatment and both E2 supplementations [EB and estradiol cypionate (EC); P=0.10] at the UPI removal was observed on CL/Treated [Control=42.5%b (n=94); UPI=58.5%a (n=130); UPI+EB=64.0%a (n=128); UPI+EC=67.2%a (n=128)]. However, greater pregnancy per treated heifer (P/Treated) following artificial insemination (AI) upon estrus detection was achieved when EC was applied [Control=20.2%b; UPI=29.2%ab; UPI+EB=26.6%b; UPI+EC=36.7%a]. In Exp. 4, the treatment prior to the timed AI (TAI) tended to improve pregnancy per TAI [P/AI; Control 43.6% (n=298) vs. UPI+EC 51.9% (n=342); P=0.08], but increased P/Treated [26.5% vs. 43.3%; P

Aim: The study was undertaken to find out the serum metabolic and minerals profile in postpartum anestrous surti buffaloes treated with norgestomet ear implants alone and in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 18 postpartum anestrous Surti buffaloes divided into three groups of six animals each at random to conduct the experiment. The buffaloes in Group-I and Group-II were implanted with Crestar ear implant for 9 days together with 2 ml injection of Crestar solution given i/m on the day of the implant insertion. In Group-II, additionally 500 IU PMSG was given i/m on the day of implant removal, whereas the buffaloes in Group-III served as anestrous control group and received 5 ml Normal Saline i/m on day 0 and 9 as a placebo treatment. Results: The overall serum total protein values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between time (days) intervals in any of the groups. The mean serum total cholesterol levels at 10th day and on the day of estrus were found significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the control group as compared to treatment Groups I and II. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) at 10th day and on the day of estrus between treatment groups (T1 and T2). The overall mean serum cobalt, zinc, iron, and manganese values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between different time intervals among any of the groups, except copper which was significantly lower (p < 0.05) at 10th day in control group as compared to treatment groups. Conclusion: Microelements cannot be synthesized in the body. Hence, it is concluded that the mineral mixture should be supplied daily in the animals ration to suffice the requirement of the trace elements. The mean serum metabolic and micro-minerals profiles in treatment and control groups revealed that overall mean serum total protein, cholesterol, copper, and zinc levels were apparently higher in treatment groups whereas, mean serum cobalt, iron, and manganese concentration had no consistent trend between treatment and control groups of Surti buffaloes.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temporary suckling interruption associated with the male effect on reproductive performance of pluriparous Santa Inês ewes. The females were kept apart from the males for 60 days and then randomly distributed into three treatments associated with the male effect (DT0, DT24 and DT48); in DT0, there was no suckling interruption; in DT24, suckling was interrupted for 24 hours, and in DT48, sucking was interrupted for 48 hours. Estrous distribution was observed within 31 (DT0), 27 (DT24) and 38 (DT48) days of the breeding season. Estrous synchronization up to the 5th day of the mating season was observed in 15% (DT0), 30% (DT24) and 25% (DT48) of the females, with no difference among treatments. Estrous percentages were 90% (DT0), 100% (DT24) and 100% (DT48), with no difference among treatments. Pregnancy rates were 38.4% (DT0), 60.0% (DT24) and 45.0% (DT48) with no difference among treatments. Prolificacy was 1.43 (DT0), 1.17 (DT24) and 1.22 (DT48) and did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, temporary suckling interruption associated with the male effect is efficient to induce estrous but not to synchronize estrous or increase the pregnancy rates and prolificacy of Santa Inês ewes during a 45-day breeding season.

Em um sistema intensivo de produção de suínos, as falhas reprodutivas são uma das principais razões de descarte de matrizes e queda nos índices produtivos. A infecção urinária (cistite) e as endometrites são consideradas importantes causas de descarte em fêmeas suínas, por terem consequências reprodutivas relevantes e elevarem a taxa de reposição do plantel. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o aparelho reprodutivo e a bexiga de fêmeas suínas de descarte normal de granjas, bem como investigar a existência de relação entre as patologias encontradas. Foram examinadas 79 matrizes suínas oriundas de 20 rebanhos localizados no Estado de Santa Catarina. De cada fêmea foram coletados os ovários, fragmentos de útero e bexiga. Dentre as fêmeas avaliadas, 32 (40,5%) tinham diferentes graduações de cistite, 24 (30,4%) tinham algum tipo de inflamação uterina, e 9 (11,4%) estavam em anestro, com ovários inativos. Contudo, não foi observada dependência significativa entre cistite e endometrite nas amostras analisadas. Reproductive failures are the major reasons for removal of sows and decrease of production rates in an intensive swine production system. Urinary infection and endometritis are considered important causes for culling of sows, due to relevant reproductive consequences and increase of the replacement rates. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and urinary system of culled sows, as well as investigate the occurrence of cystitis and endometritis in analyzed sows. Samples, such as ovaries, uterus fragments and bladder were collected from 79 sows originated from 20 farms of Santa Catarina State. Results showed that, 32 (40,5%) analyzed sows presented cystitis in different levels, 24 (30,4%) had some class of uterine inflammation, and 9 (11,4%) were in anestrous, with inactive ovaries. However, unsignificative dependence between cystitis and endometritis in analyzed samples was observed.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different CIDR protocols including some hormonal preparations for the treatment of postpartum anestrous of Iraqi northern buffaloes. The present study was conducted on 70 anestrous buffaloes suffering from postpartum ovarian inactivity. Buffaloes were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Buffaloes in Treatment 1 (n=20) injected on day 0 of the experiment, GnRH 250 μg and a CIDR was placed in the anterior vagina. On day 7, they were injected with 25 mg of PGF2α and on the following day (day 8) the CIDR were removed. On day 9 a second dose of GnRH (250 μg) was injected. Buffaloes in Treatment 2 (n=20) received on day 0 GnRH (250 μg) and a CIDR were placed in the anterior vagina. On day 7, CIDR were removed and injected with GnRH (250 μg). Treatment 3 (n=20) on day 0 a CIDR were placed in the anterior vagina. On day 6, they were injected with 1000 IU of eCG. CIDR were removed on day 7 and injected with GnRH (250 μg). A control group (n=10) received no treatments. Results showed that in treatment 1 (GnRH+CIDR—8days—7 PGF2α+9 GnRH), 15 out of 20 buffaloes received treatment exhibited estrus within 69.4 ± 8.4 h after CIDR removal. The estrus induction rate was 75%. Total number of buffaloes became pregnant was 4 (26.7%). In treatment 2 (GnRH+CIDR—7 days—GnRH), 65% of the buffaloes received treatment exhibited estrus within 77.8 ± 5.6 h after CIDR removal. Total number of buffaloes became pregnant was 4 (26.7%). In treatment 3 (CIDR—7 days— 6 eCG+7 GnRH), 100% of the buffaloes received treatment exhibited estrus within 78.3 ± 11.8 h after CIDR removal. In conclusion, our results indicate that the addition of GnRH and eCG to a progesterone-based CIDR protocol substantially improves the estrus induction and pregnancy rates in postpartum anestrous buffaloes. [Vet. World 2012; 5(4.000): 201-205]

Dosou-se a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) em ovelhas Santa Inês (SI), Suffolk (SU) e Romney Marsh (RM) em anestro sazonal e submetidas ao efeito-macho, as quais receberam ou não suplementação alimentar. Machos vasectomizados foram introduzidos no grupo de fêmeas após um período prévio de isolamento de 60 dias, e amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes e após a introdução dos machos. Houve efeito (P0,01) após a introdução dos machos, nem houve efeito de suplementação. O efeito-macho foi eficaz em induzir a atividade reprodutiva durante o anestro sazonal em ovelhas SI, mas não em ovelhas SU e RM, e a associação dessa prática com a suplementação alimentar é recomendada para ovelhas da raça nativa SI. The present study aimed to verify the plasmatic progesterone (P4) concentrations in Santa Inês (SI), Suffolk (SU) and Romney Marsh (RM) ewes submitted to male effect receiving or not food supplementation during seasonal anestrous. Vasectomized rams were introduced to the group of ewes after 60 day isolation. Blood samples were collected before and after the male's introduction. Effects (P0.01) after the male introduction, with no supplementation. It was concluded the male effect was efficient in inducing the reproductive activity in SI ewes, but not in SU and RM ewes. The association of the effect of the male with supplementation increased this effect.

La falla ovulatoria es una de las principales causas de infertilidad en yeguas cíclicas. En el presente caso, se describe el seguimiento de una yegua nulípara de paso fino colombiano de seis años que ingresó a consulta para ser sometida a reproducción. Al examen ecográfico se le halló el ovario izquierdo de 15 x 13 cm con una estructura patológica de aspecto anecóico y contenido líquido de 13 x 11 cm, el ovario derecho sin estructuras y el útero flácido. La yegua fue sometida a tratamiento con antihomotóxicos del tipo Ovarium compositum®, Damiana injeel®, Cerebrum compositum®, y Phosphor hommacord® durante 1½ mes, y terapia FK (terapia neural, dos en 15 días), lo cual disminuyó el tamaño del folículo y del ovario, indujo ablandamiento de la pared folicular y leve respuesta uterina. Un mes y medio después, el ovario izquierdo tenía 13 x 11 cm y un folículo de 9 x 8 cm, y el ovario derecho estaba multifolicular. Las concentraciones de progesterona, estradiol y testosterona eran características de anestro. La yegua fue tratada con eCG (3.000 UI/3 días, i.v.), cuatro días después la progesterona ascendió a 14.91 ng/ dl, el examen ecográfico reveló un cuerpo lúteo en el ovario izquierdo y a los siete días fue tratada con PGF2α (9 μg/kg/2 días) intramuscular. Cinco días después la yegua presentó estro, fue inseminada y tuvo una gestación que perdió a los 40 días; luego presentó un nuevo estro a los 20 días, fue inseminada, se le confirmó gestación a los 20 días y tuvo una gestación a término con un potro viable al momento del parto. Este caso sugiere la posibilidad de combinar terapia hormonal con medicina alternativa para el tratamiento de algunos tipos de anormalidades en el funcionamiento ovárico en las yeguas.O fracasso ovulatório é uma das principais causas de infertilidade em éguas cíclicas. Neste caso, se descreveu o acompanhamento de uma égua nulípara da paso fino colombiano, de seis anos idade que consultou para serem sujeitos a reprodução. No exame ultra-som que ele encontrou o ovário esquerdo, 15 x 13 cm, com uma estrutura patológica de 13 x 11 cm, o ovários direito sem estruturas e útero mau. A égua sofreu tratamento com drogas Ovarium compositum®, Damiana injeel®, Cerebrum compositum®, e Phosphor hommacord® durante 1½ mês, FK terapêutica (terapia neural, duas em 15 dias), o que diminuiu o tamanho do folículo e do ovário, induzida amolecimento da parede uterina e leve resposta folicular. Um mês e meio depois, o ovário esquerdo tinha 13 x 11 cm e um folículo 9 x 8 cm, e do ovário direito foi multifolicular. As concentrações de progesterona, estradiol e testosterona foram características do anestro. A égua foi tratada com eCG (3.000 UI IV/3 dias), quatro dias após a progesterona ascendeu a 14.91 ng/dl, e foi visto por ultra-som corpo lúteo no ovário esquerdo. Em sete dias, a égua foi tratada com PGF2α (9 μg/ kg/2 dias) i.m., introduzido estro após cinco dias, foi inseminada e teve uma gestação que perdeu a 40 dias; introduziu um novo estro em 20 dias, foi inseminação, a gravidez foi confirmada em 20 dias e atualmente mantém um 9 meses de gestação. Este caso sugere a utilidade da terapia hormonal combinando com medicina alternativa para o tratamento de certos tipos de anomalias no funcionamento do ovário em éguas.Ovulation failure is one of the most frequent causes of infertility in mares. In the present case we report a six-year-old Colombian Paso Fino maiden Mare that was attended for breeding purposes with a previous history of ovulation failure. At ultrasound (US) examination of the reproductive tract and ovaries the left ovary measured 15 x 13 cm and a pathologic 13 x 11 cm diameter anecoic structure was diagnosed. The right ovary was found of normal size, and the uterus was found flacid. An anti homotoxic theraphy with Ovarium compositum®, Damiana injeel®, Cerebrum compositum®, and Phosphor hommacord® for 1½ months and FK (neural) therapy (twice/15 days) were then established, the ovary size was reduced, and softening of the follicular wall and a slight uterine response were observed. After 1½ month, the left ovary had 13 x 11 cm diameter and showed a 9 x 8 cm follicle, whereas the right ovary was multifollicular. Serum progesterone, estradiol and testosterone levels were those characteristics of an anestrous mare. The mare was treated with hCG (3.000 UI, i.v./3 days) and 4 days later a corpus luteum was diagnosed by US in the left ovary and serum progesterone levels raised to 14.91 ng/dl. At day 7 after hCG treatment the mare was given PGF2α (9 μg/kg/for two days) intramuscular, estrous was evident 5 days later, and artificial insemination (AI) with fertile semen was practiced resulting in a viable pregnancy as evaluated by ultrasound at day 20; however, this pregnancy was lost at 40 days after AI. The mare returned to estrus 20 days later, she was then inseminated and the resulting pregnancy was confirmed at day 20th resulting in a successful gestation and foaling of a full term viable foal. This report suggests hormonal therapy and alternative medicine could be successfully combined for treatment of specific ovarian pathologies in mares.

La falla ovulatoria es una de las principales causas de infertilidad en yeguas cíclicas. En el presente caso, se describe el seguimiento de una yegua nulípara de paso fino colombiano de seis años que ingresó a consulta para ser sometida a reproducción. Al examen ecográfico se le halló el ovario izquierdo de 15 x 13 cm con una estructura patológica de aspecto anecóico y contenido líquido de 13 x 11 cm, el ovario derecho sin estructuras y el útero flácido. La yegua fue sometida a tratamiento con antihomotóxicos del tipo Ovarium compositum®, Damiana injeel®, Cerebrum compositum®, y Phosphor hommacord® durante 1½ mes, y terapia FK (terapia neural, dos en 15 días), lo cual disminuyó el tamaño del folículo y del ovario, indujo ablandamiento de la pared folicular y leve respuesta uterina. Un mes y medio después, el ovario izquierdo tenía 13 x 11 cm y un folículo de 9 x 8 cm, y el ovario derecho estaba multifolicular. Las concentraciones de progesterona, estradiol y testosterona eran características de anestro. La yegua fue tratada con eCG (3.000 UI/3 días, i.v.), cuatro días después la progesterona ascendió a 14.91 ng/ dl, el examen ecográfico reveló un cuerpo lúteo en el ovario izquierdo y a los siete días fue tratada con PGF2α (9 μg/kg/2 días) intramuscular. Cinco días después la yegua presentó estro, fue inseminada y tuvo una gestación que perdió a los 40 días; luego presentó un nuevo estro a los 20 días, fue inseminada, se le confirmó gestación a los 20 días y tuvo una gestación a término con un potro viable al momento del parto. Este caso sugiere la posibilidad de combinar terapia hormonal con medicina alternativa para el tratamiento de algunos tipos de anormalidades en el funcionamiento ovárico en las yeguas. Ovulation failure is one of the most frequent causes of infertility in mares. In the present case we report a six-year-old Colombian Paso Fino maiden Mare that was attended for breeding purposes with a previous history of ovulation failure. At ultrasound (US) examination of the reproductive tract and ovaries the left ovary measured 15 x 13 cm and a pathologic 13 x 11 cm diameter anecoic structure was diagnosed. The right ovary was found of normal size, and the uterus was found flacid. An anti homotoxic theraphy with Ovarium compositum®, Damiana injeel®, Cerebrum compositum®, and Phosphor hommacord® for 1½ months and FK (neural) therapy (twice/15 days) were then established, the ovary size was reduced, and softening of the follicular wall and a slight uterine response were observed. After 1½ month, the left ovary had 13 x 11 cm diameter and showed a 9 x 8 cm follicle, whereas the right ovary was multifollicular. Serum progesterone, estradiol and testosterone levels were those characteristics of an anestrous mare. The mare was treated with hCG (3.000 UI, i.v./3 days) and 4 days later a corpus luteum was diagnosed by US in the left ovary and serum progesterone levels raised to 14.91 ng/dl. At day 7 after hCG treatment the mare was given PGF2α (9 μg/kg/for two days) intramuscular, estrous was evident 5 days later, and artificial insemination (AI) with fertile semen was practiced resulting in a viable pregnancy as evaluated by ultrasound at day 20; however, this pregnancy was lost at 40 days after AI. The mare returned to estrus 20 days later, she was then inseminated and the resulting pregnancy was confirmed at day 20th resulting in a successful gestation and foaling of a full term viable foal. This report suggests hormonal therapy and alternative medicine could be successfully combined for treatment of specific ovarian pathologies in mares. O fracasso ovulatório é uma das principais causas de infertilidade em éguas cíclicas. Neste caso, se descreveu o acompanhamento de uma égua nulípara da paso fino colombiano, de seis anos idade que consultou para serem sujeitos a reprodução. No exame ultra-som que ele encontrou o ovário esquerdo, 15 x 13 cm, com uma estrutura patológica de 13 x 11 cm, o ovários direito sem estruturas e útero mau. A égua sofreu tratamento com drogas Ovarium compositum®, Damiana injeel®, Cerebrum compositum®, e Phosphor hommacord® durante 1½ mês, FK terapêutica (terapia neural, duas em 15 dias), o que diminuiu o tamanho do folículo e do ovário, induzida amolecimento da parede uterina e leve resposta folicular. Um mês e meio depois, o ovário esquerdo tinha 13 x 11 cm e um folículo 9 x 8 cm, e do ovário direito foi multifolicular. As concentrações de progesterona, estradiol e testosterona foram características do anestro. A égua foi tratada com eCG (3.000 UI IV/3 dias), quatro dias após a progesterona ascendeu a 14.91 ng/dl, e foi visto por ultra-som corpo lúteo no ovário esquerdo. Em sete dias, a égua foi tratada com PGF2α (9 μg/ kg/2 dias) i.m., introduzido estro após cinco dias, foi inseminada e teve uma gestação que perdeu a 40 dias; introduziu um novo estro em 20 dias, foi inseminação, a gravidez foi confirmada em 20 dias e atualmente mantém um 9 meses de gestação. Este caso sugere a utilidade da terapia hormonal combinando com medicina alternativa para o tratamento de certos tipos de anomalias no funcionamento do ovário em éguas.

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la presentación de estros dentro de los 100 días posparto en ovejas Rambouillet paridas en tres épocas del año mantenidas en condiciones de confinamiento y alimentación controlada. El trabajo se realizó en San Luis Potosí, México (21° 50’ LN) con 158 ovejas adultas de la raza Rambouillet paridas en tres épocas del año: julio (n=39), noviembre (n=79) y abril (n=40). Para detectar a las ovejas en estro, en cada periodo se utilizó una hembras androgenizada con 250 mg de enantato de testosterona. El periodo de observación comprendió del día 25 al día 100 de iniciadas las pariciones. Las proporción de ovejas en celo difirió entre épocas de parición (P0,05). Se concluye que la época de parición influyó en la actividad estral de las ovejas Rambouillet dentro de los 100 días posparto. Postpartum estrus of Rambouillet ewes lambed on three seasons under confinement conditions and controlled feeding was evaluated. The experiment was carried out on San Luis Potosí, México (21° 50’ NL) with 158 Rambouillet adult ewes lambed in three seasons: July (n=39), November (n=79) and April (n=40). To detection of ewes showing estrus within 100 day from lambing, an androgenized ewe were used in each period (250 mg testosterone). The period of estrus observation started at the day 25 from lambing, and finished at the day 100. The proportion of ewes showing estrus were 28/39 (71.8%), 32/79 (40.5%) y 4/40 (10.0%) in July, November and April, respectively, and were different (P0.05). Results indicate that the lambing season had a profound effect on sexual activity in Rambouillet ewes within 100 days postpartum period. 699 - 703

The role of melatonin in modulating mammalian reproduction is of particular interest; however, its effects on ovarian follicles and their oocytes still remain to be characterized. This study determined the influence of melatonin treatment on follicular growth patterns and on in vitro oocyte developmental competence. In a first experiment, the effects of melatonin supplementation on follicular dynamics were evaluated using daily transrectal ultrasonographies for 21 days, in 7 multiparous Sarda goats receiving a subcutaneous implant of 18 mg of melatonin and in 5 control untreated does. Melatonin caused more follicular waves (5.2 ± 0.2 versus 4 ± 0.3; P < 0.05) as the waves were shortened at around 2 days when compared with the non-melatonin treated control goats (P < 0.001). Oocyte developmental competence was evaluated in a second experiment by applying procedures for in vitro embryo production. There were no significant differences in the total number of oocytes obtained from 6 control (n = 192) and 7 melatonin-treated (n = 265) goats given follicle stimulating hormone to induce follicular development. Differences in oocyte developmental competence between the two groups became evident after in vitro fertilization and culture; melatonin increased the rate of cleaved oocytes in comparison with control animals (82.5 versus 63.4%; P < 0.001), advanced timing of embryo development and enhanced blastocyst output (31.5 versus 16.3%; P < 0.01). However, blastocyst quality, as evaluated by cryotolerance and gene expression analysis, was not found to be different between the groups. In conclusion, in vivo melatonin treatment is beneficial for increasing ovarian follicle turnover and improving oocyte developmental competence and kinetics of the blastocyst. © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard.

Özet: Çalışma, üreme sezonu dışında laktasyondaki Kıl keçilerinde flourogestone acetat (FGA) içeren vaginal süngerlerle östrüslerin uyarılması ve süngerlerin çıkartılmasından 48 saat sonra GnRH ve hCG uygulamalarının dölverimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla düzenlendi. Çalışmada kullanılan 60 baş Kıl keçisi tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile üç gruba ayrıldı. Grupların tamamına 30 mg FGA içeren vaginal süngerler 14 gün süreyle uygulandı. Süngerlerin çıkartılmasından 48 saat önce keçilere 500 IU PMSG ve 0.075 mg cloprostenol kas içi enjekte edildi. Süngerler çıkartıldıktan 12 saat sonra, sürüye 9 baş fertil teke katılarak günde iki defa östrüsler tespit edildi ve aşımlar gerçekleştirildi. Süngerler çıkartıldıktan 48 saat sonra, GnRH grubuna (n=18) 5 mcg buserelin acetate, hCG grubuna (n=19) 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin kas içi enjekte edildi, kontrol grubuna (n=18) ise hiçbir uygulama yapılmadı. GnRH, hCG ve kontrol gruplarında östrüs oranı % 100 olarak belirlendi. Östrüsler, süngerlerin çıkartılmasından 17 saat sonra başladı ve 48. saatlerde sona erdi. Keçilerin östrüs dağılımları süngerlerin çıkarılmasından sonraki 17-24. saatler arasında % 51, 25-36. saatler arasında % 11 ve 37-48. saatler arasında % 38 olarak saptandı. Gebelik oranları GnRH, hCG ve kontrol gruplarında sırasıyla % 38.9, % 36.8 ve % 33.3 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; üreme sezonu dışında laktasyondaki Kıl keçilerinde FGA,PMSG ve PGF2a kombinasyonunun östrüslerin uyarılması ve senkronizasyonunda etkili bir yöntem olduğu, ancak süngerlerin uzaklaştırılmasından 48 saat sonraki GnRH ve hCG uygulamalarının döl verimini etkilemediği tespit edildi., Summary: This study was carried out to determine the effect of FGA impregnated intravaginal sponges on the estrous induction and the effect of GnRH anh hCG injections applied 48 h after sponge withdrawal on the reproductive preformance of the hair goats in anestrous season. Sixty lactating hair goats were randomly assigned to three groups and 30 mg FGA impreganted intravaginal sponges were inserted to the vagina for 14 days. Fourty eight hours before sponge withdrawal, goats recieved 500 IU PMSG and 0.075 mg cloprostenol intramuscularly. Twelve hours after sponge withdrawal twice daily, the estrous was detected and the matings were carried out by 9 fertile bucks. Fourty eight hours after sponge withdrawal, the GnRH group (n=18) recieved 5 mcg buserelin acetate, hCG group (n=19) recieved 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin intramuscularly and no application was carried out in the control group (n=18). The estrous rate was found to be 100% in all groups. The estrous initiated 17 h after sponge withdrawal and ended nearly 48 hours. The distribution of estrous in goats were detected to be 51% (17-24 hours), 11% (25-36 hours) and 38% (37-48 hours) after sponge withdrawal. The pregnancy rates in GnRH, hCG and control groups were 38.9%. 36.8 % and 33.3% respectively It was concluded that FGA, PMSG and PGF2a combination was an effective method in the induction of estrous in lactating hair goats in anestrous season but GnRH and hCG injection applied 48 hours after sponge withdrawal did not affect fertility parameters.

El objetivo fue determinar si la reproducción de las vocalizaciones del macho cabrío estimula la secreción de LH y la ovulación de cabras anéstricas. Cuarenta (40) cabras Criollas multíparas, aisladas de machos cabríos 3 meses antes de iniciar el experimento, se dividieron en cuatro grupos (n = 10 cada uno). Un grupo fue expuesto a un macho sexualmente activo; otro fue expuesto a vocalizaciones de macho reproducidas por discos compactos; el tercero fue expuesto al ruido blanco de discos compactos vírgenes; y las hembras del cuarto grupo permanecieron aisladas, sin estímulos. Se determinó la pulsatilidad de LH 4 h antes y 4 h después de iniciar el estímulo, y la progesterona plasmática los siguientes 28 días. La introducción del macho en el grupo correspondiente incrementó (P0.05) el número de pulsos de LH de 1.0 ± 0.2 antes a 2.9 ± 0.3 postintroducción del macho. Contrariamente, ninguna modificación (P0.05) de la secreción pulsátil de LH se observó en los grupos con vocalizaciones (antes 1.0 ± 0.1; después 0.8 ± 0.2), ruido blanco (antes1.0 ± 0.1; después 0.8 ± 0.1) y en aisladas (antes 0.6 ± 0.2; después 1.1 ± 0.2). Todas las cabras del grupo con macho ovularon, mientras que ninguna de los otros tres grupos, lo hicieron (P0.001). Estos resultados demuestran que en cabras anovulatorias, las vocalizaciones del macho emitidas durante el cortejo sexual, grabadas y reproducidas con discos compactos, no incrementaron la frecuencia de pulsos de la LH, ni provocaron la ovulación.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 safilho_og_me_botfmvz.pdf: 397598 bytes, checksum: 0e9355b1a827f8fbd4c7f30d646e8da6 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) O primeiro ciclo estral pós-parto dura, geralmente, menos que oito dias devido à regressão prematura do corpo lúteo e resulta em baixas taxas de concepção. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito de tratamentos com progesterona e 17ß-estradiol antes da indução da ovulação na incidência de luteólise prematura em vacas Nelore em anestro. Cento e quatorze vacas Nelore em anestro (avaliadas por dois exames ultrassonográficos oito dias aparte; 25 a 65 dias pós-parto) foram aleatoriamente designadas a receber um dos quatro tratamentos (delineamento fatorial 2x2): Grupo Controle - Remoção de bezerros (RB) por 54 horas e injeção i.m. de 1 mL de óleo de caroço de algodão (placebo) 48 horas após o início da RB; Grupo E2 - RB por 54 horas e injeção i.m. de 1 mg de 17ß-estradiol 48 horas após o início da RB; Grupo P4 - Dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona por seis dias seguido por RB (54 horas) e injeção de placebo 48 horas após o início da RB; Grupo P4+E2 - Dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona por seis dias seguido por RB (54 horas) e injeção i.m. de 1 mg de 17ß-estradiol 48 horas após o início da RB. Ao final da RB, todas as vacas receberam uma injeção i.m. de 100 æg de GnRH, sendo esse momento considerado o dia 0 do ciclo estral sincronizado. A ovulação foi avaliada por exames ultrassonográficos nos dias 0 e 2 e somente as vacas que ovularam foram utilizadas no estudo (Controle: n=23; E2: n=25; P4: n=19; P4+E2: n=18). As concentrações séricas de progesterona foram avaliadas por radioimunoensaio em amostras de sangue colhidas nos dias 0, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15 e 19 para avaliação da função luteal... The length of first post-partum estrous cycle is often lesser than eight days due to premature luteolysis and results in low conception rates. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of treatment with progesterone and/or exogenous 17ß-estradiol prior to induction of ovulation on incidence of short cycles in anestrous Nelore cows. Anestrous Nelore cows (evaluated by two ultrasound exams eight days apart; n=114; 25-65 days post-partum) were randomly assigned to receive either one of the following treatments (2x2 factorial design): Control Group - Calf removal (CR) for 54 hours and 1 mL i.m. cottonseed oil injection (placebo) 48 hours after beginning of CR; E2 Group - CR for 54 hours and 1 mg i.m. 17ß-estradiol injection 48 hours after beginning of CR; P4 Group - Intravaginal progesterone device for six days followed by CR (54 hours) and placebo injection 48 hours after beginning of CR; P4+E2 Group - Intravaginal progesterone device for 6 days followed by CR (54 hours) and 1 mg i.m. 17ß-estradiol injection 48 hours after beginning of CR. At end of CR (day 0), all cows received an 100 æg i.m. GnRH injection. Ovulation was evaluated by ultrasound exams on days 0 and 2 and only cows ovulating were used on this study (Control: n=23; E2: n=25; P4: n=19; P4+E2: n=18). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15 e 19 for evaluation of corpus luteum lifespan, through progesterone analysis by radioimmunoassay. Binomial data were analyzed by logistic regression (PROC LOGISTIC) and continuous data by PROC MIXED of SAS. For all treatments, serum progesterone concentrations were higher on day 5 than on day 0 (P0.1)...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

The present study was conducted in a flock of Osmanabadi Goats reported with the history of post-partum anestrous. The experimental goats were selected from Goat farm unit, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Udgir, Maharashtra, India. A total of 20 Osmanabadi Goats were divided into two equal groups (I & II), (n=10). Group-I served as untreated control group. Group II were administered orally with caplet Janova@2 cap/day/goat for three days. The efficacy of treatment in group II was 80 percent (%) induction of oestrus within 96.37 ? 1.40 hrs and 62.50 % conceived with 1.8 services per conception whereas in control group I 30% oestrus was observed within 185.5 ? 10.89 hrs and 33.33 % conceived with 3.00 services per conception. It may be concluded that administration of polyherbal formulation Janova has lead to induction of fertile post partum oestrus and higher conception rate in Osmanabadi goats. [Vet. World 2010; 3(6.000): 293-294]

The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges in combination with either pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or cloprostenol (PGF(2 alpha)) for inducing and synchronizing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding season. All ewes (n = 69) were treated with 60 mg MAP sponges for 12 days. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of either 1.5 ml sterile saline solution (n = 18); 125 mu g PGF(2 alpha) (n = 14); 500 IU PMSG (n = 18) or 500 IU PMSG and 125 mu g PGF2 alpha (n = 19), 48 h before the sponge removal. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time ( 48 and 60 h) following progestagen withdrawal. The different groups estrous response for the first 24 +/- 6 h and within 120 h, time to onset and duration of the induced estrous, and pregnancy rate was found to be 36.2%, 81.6%, 41.7 +/- 2.3 h, 29.6 +/- 1.5 h, and 54.5%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups MAP and MAP/PGF(2 alpha) and their with the two latter groups (MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF(2 alpha)) in terms of the onset of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between groups MAP and MAP/PGF2a in terms of the duration of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between the first two groups ( MAP, MAP/PGF2a) and the latter two groups (MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF2 alpha) in terms of estrous response at the first 24 +/- 6 h ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that, the use of MAP/PMSG, rather than MAP or MAP/PGF2 alpha, was effective in the attainment of early and compact induction and synchronization of estrous in non-lactating Kivircik ewes during the natural non-breeding season.