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Introduction: Health workers are groups that are vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. There are 20 health workers in West Sumatra test positive for COVID-19 until April 30th 2020, while six of them are Padang primary health care officers. Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is important to prevent and reduce COVID-19 transmission risk of health workers. This study aimed to measure factors of using PPE for Padang primary health care officers. Methods: Research used a quantitative method with cross sectional design in 12 Padang primary health care from March to July 2020. Independent variables were age, PPE availability, leadership support, knowledge, and attitudes. Dependent variable was PPE usage behavior. Research population was health care officers who directly contacted with people in Padang primary health care area with 100 samples. Primary data collection used questionnaire with accidental sampling technique and analyzed using bivariate analysis. Results:There was a significant relationship between age and PPE usage behavior for health care officers, p value=0.037 (p

This research was conducted because of the trend that has occurred in the last 5 years in Indonesia, namely the emergence of mobile -based game s that are played by many people in Indonesia from small children to adults. With the emergence of mobile -based game s in Indonesia, the appeal of PC and console-based game s has become less attractive. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence PC and console-based gamers to switch to mobile -based game s. The method used in this study is K-means Cluster ing and the supporting data from this study include the age factor of the game players and the duration of playing the game as a parameter. The technique of collecting data is through a google form questionnaire. The subject of the research is the Indonesian gamers forum contained in facebook forums.

The emergence of a habit in Indonesia and even the world, namely the use of used clothes (thrifting) became the idea for this research. This new habit is known to be able to reduce the production of textile waste in the world. The purpose of this study was to obtain analysis results that affect the use of new clothes (fast fashion) on the use of used clothes (thrifting). Using the K-means Clustering method and using several parameters, including age, quality, price, and sustainability or awareness. The method of collecting data is through a questionnaire and the research material is the buyers found in the online store Instagram (thriftboys.id). From the results of the clustering process that researchers have done using the K-means algorithm with manual calculations and rapidminer applications, the conclusions consist of; 1) In clusters 1 and 2 the age factor shifting from fast fashion to thhirft is 23 years, while in cluster 3 it is 25 years, 2) In the three clusters the average income that shifts from fast fashion to thhirf is group 3 or the range of 200000 -500000, 3) In the third cluster, people switch from fast fashion to thrift because of the good quality of goods, and 4) In clusters 2 and 3 more people are aware of textile waste for the world. Meanwhile, cluster 1 has the same number of conscious and unconscious waste.

The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of the analysis of factors that make prospective customers who want to open an account at a branch switch to opening an online account. This study uses the K-Means method and uses the age factor, the time period in opening an account as a parameter. The data collection technique is in the form of data collection by questionnaire. The subject of this research is marketing who are members of PT Dika in collaboration with PT Bank Central Asia. Based on the research conducted by the author using the K-Means Clustering method and the rapidminer application, the researchers drew the following conclusions; 1) Of the three clusters, the age factor that has the most value is at age 21 in cluster 3 as many as 3 people. As for the age of 22 to 26 in the three clusters, the three clusters are not much different, 2) Of the three clusters, the most income factors are in group 3 as many as 4 people in cluster 2, namely earning around 1.500.000 – 3,000,000, 3) Of the three cluster, the distance factor from home to the nearest BCA Bank is at most at distance 1 as many as 3 people in cluster 3 and at distance 3 as many as 3 people in cluster 2, 4) Of the three clusters, the processing time factor is mostly in group 1 as much as 3 people in cluster 1, group 2 as many as 3 people in cluster 3 and group 3 as many as 3 people in cluster 3, and 5) From the three clusters, the factor of moving from opening an account at a branch to opening an online account (pemol) is because it's faster, in cluster 1 as many as 3 people, in cluster 2 as many as 2 people and in cluster 3 as many as 3 people.

Lontar is a traditional Balinese manuscript with a Balinese script in it. Balinese traditional manuscripts can be more than 100 years old. The age factor of the Balinese manuscript has an impact on the Balinese script in it. Balinese script that has been written more than 10 years tends to be darker. This makes Balinese script not visible well, and this affects the image quality of the manuscript. This thing becomes the main issue in this research, Balinese script detection on Balinese manuscript images. the first of all is image processing using edge detection, canny and Sobel becomes the main algorithm of this process. After image processing, the Balinese manuscript will be processed with the findcontour method to detect an object that contains in it. The final process of this detection system is to separate detected objects into three main groups namely noise object, Balinese script object, and hole object. Application (Balinese script object detection system) is more accurate in detecting Balinese script objects in Balinese script under 1 year (new script), it tends to be more likely to find noise/dirt. This is because the writing of the lontar using a pencil first before using the knife media. This adds to the noise or dirt detected by the application The findcontour method can detect Balinese script objects with a detection result of 30% - 70% Balinese script objects.

BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are rare diseases, which makes diagnosis a challenge. A better description of the initial presenting manifestations should improve awareness and avoid diagnostic delay. Although increased infection susceptibility is a well-known initial IEI manifestation, less is known about the frequency of other presenting manifestations.OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze age-related initial presenting manifestations of IEI including different IEI disease cohorts.METHODS: We analyzed data on 16,486 patients of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry. Patients with autoinflammatory diseases were excluded because of the limited number registered.RESULTS: Overall, 68% of patients initially presented with infections only, 9% with immune dysregulation only, and 9% with a combination of both. Syndromic features were the presenting feature in 12%, 4% had laboratory abnormalities only, 1.5% were diagnosed because of family history only, and 0.8% presented with malignancy. Two-third of patients with IEI presented before the age of 6 years, but a quarter of patients developed initial symptoms only as adults. Immune dysregulation was most frequently recognized as an initial IEI manifestation between age 6 and 25 years, with male predominance until age 10 years, shifting to female predominance after age 40 years. Infections were most prevalent as a first manifestation in patients presenting after age 30 years.CONCLUSIONS: An exclusive focus on infection-centered warning signs would have missed around 25% of patients with IEI who initially present with other manifestations.

La presencia de toros con características seminales deficientes ocasiona fallas considerables en la eficiencia reproductiva de las unidades de producción, debido a la disminución del número de vacas preñadas, siendo más marcado en sistemas bajo programas de inseminación artificial (IA). Los rasgos de calidad seminal (CS) pueden constituir un criterio importante para la selección de machos reproductores utilizados en IA. La identificación de marcadores moleculares asociados con CS en el toro, podría facilitar la selección para estos rasgos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación de los polimorfismos del gen Leptina, sobre la CS de toros de la raza Carora. Se evaluaron las variables volumen de eyaculado (VE), motilidad masal (MM), motilidad individual (MI) y concentración espermática (CE) de 43 toros reproductores Carora, organizados en 8 grupos de edad. Los polimorfismos nucleotídicos simples (SNP) del gen Leptina evaluados fueron: rs29004487 (SNP1), rs29004488 (SNP2), rs29004501 (SNP3) y rs29004508 (SNP4). Se utilizó un análisis de varianza mediante un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM). El factor genotipo contó con 10 niveles y el factor edad, 8 niveles. No se observó efecto del SNP1 sobre ninguna de las variables evaluadas, mientras que el SNP3 tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la CE. Los SNP2 y SNP4 presentaron un efecto altamente significativo sobre la MI y CE. Finalmente, las variables VE y MM no fueron afectadas por ninguno de los SNP estudiados. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren marcadores potenciales para la valoración y selección genética de bovinos reproductores.

This longitudinal case study aimed at investigating the development of metalin- guistic awareness in EFL spelling and vocabulary in two Croatian learners with dyslexia who differed in age and language proficiency – a child and an adult. They attended weekly sessions that aimed at improving their English spelling and vocabulary. The data were collected for 45 weeks using the teacher’s notes and audio-recorded lesson observations. The results showed that the participants developed their metalinguistic skills; however, the age and language proficiency factor was salient. Also, the metacognitive component of the instruction had a different effect on the development of metalinguistic skills in spelling and vocabulary acquisition. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between age, menopausal stage and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in middle-aged women.In this cross-sectional study, the serum AMH levels of 288 healthy women aged 40-55 years (divided into age groups: 40-44, 45-49 and 50-55 years) were evaluated. Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 criteria were used to categorize these women into menopausal stages: late reproductive, menopausal transition and early postmenopausal stages. The impact of age, menopausal stage and hormone replacement therapy on serum AMH levels was analyzed using multi-factor analysis of variance. Effects of body mass index, smoking status and oral contraceptive use were simultaneously considered.The median AMH level was 0.140 ng/ml. Log-AMH levels varied according to age group (variance = 20.113,Age and menopausal stage were associated with AMH levels; age had a greater impact on AMH than menopausal stage in middle-aged women.

In this study, the effect of age, gender, and desired speed (DS) factors on General Motors car-following (CF) behavior was investigated. DS was defined as the speed selected by the driver in free driving situation. A low-level driving simulator was used to collect data. The CF model for each driver was calibrated by genetic algorithm. Gender and DS were effective in CF behavior, while the age factor was not. The drivers’ sensitivity to the variables of speed and distance in the CF model increased with increasing the DS. The gender factor affected only the magnitude of deceleration which was higher in women. For further investigation, the effect of the desired speed on the time headway in the steady-state CF was also examined. DS factor was effective in steady-state CF behavior. As the DS increased, the time headway decreased. Examining CF threshold demonstrated that women maintained larger distance than men. Finally, it can be said that DS and gender would be more important than age to be considered in CF models.

This paper is intended to describe the psychological dynamics of adolescents living in orphanages. How are the psychological dynamics of adolescents in living their adolescence without direct guidance and affection from their parents. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods. From the results of this study, it was concluded that there were significant differences in the psychological dynamics of adolescents living in orphanages because they had to be entrusted by parents with adolescents living in an orphanage because of their own desires. Psychologically, adolescents who are forced to live in orphanages tend to close themselves off from their environment. Meanwhile, adolescents who live in homes because of their own desires, they tend to be more open to their environment. In addition, the age factor when they enter the orphanage environment also affects their psychological dynamics. Those who enter the orphanage when they are children tend to be more adaptable. Conversely, those who enter when they are teenagers tend to have more difficulty adapting. Therefore, it is hoped that the management of the orphanage can understand the psychological dynamics of adolescents and their struggles, so that it can help them to live adolescence properly, even without the presence of their biological parents.

Background/Aim. Apoptotic protease-activating factor1 (Apaf-1) is a key molecule in the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Some pathological conditions, such as cancer, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases, are the result of dysregulation in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of Apaf-1 in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells of the salivary glands and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters of patients (gender, age, localization, histological type, and overall survival). Methods. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of ACC of the salivary glands from 50 male and female patients with an average age of 58 years, were used for the study. We used the technique of tissue microarray (TMA blocks). Sections from the TMA mold, 5 μm thick, were stained with the streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical technique using primary antibodies specific for Apaf-1 (Leica Biosystems, Newcastle, UK). Stained tissue sections were analyzed by the light microscope (Olympus type BH2). Based on the data collected, the database was created in SPSS software v. 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, ILL, USA), which was used for further statistical analysis. The statistical data analysis included methods of descriptive and analytical (inferential) statistics. Results. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis of Apaf-1 expression in the samples of patients with ACC of the salivary glands were compared with the clinicopathological parameters of these patients. The immunohistochemical expression of Apaf-1 showed no statistical significance with regard to the patients’ gender (p = 0.552), age (p = 0.106), histological tumor type (p = 0.654), and localization of ACC in the salivary glands (p = 0.486). There was no statistically significant correlation observed between the overall survival of ACC patients and Apaf-1 expression in tumor cells (p = 0.340, Log-Rank test). Conclusion. With regard to ACC, Apaf-1 expression is not in correlation with clinicopathological parameters (gender, age, localization, histological tumor type, outcome of the disease, and overall survival). Therefore, we believe Apaf-1 cannot be regarded as an independent prognostic factor for course and outcome of ACC of the salivary glands. &nbsp

In this study, surface morphology and chemical structure of Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus 1758) sagittal otolith from the shores of Gizli liman to Kefalos Cape in the north of Gokceada Island, Turkey were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. According to the results of SEM analysis, the species was found to be over two years old. The age rings of P. pagrus were clearly identified on the otolith by SEM. According to the EDS results, it was examined that the element contents of age rings and regions between the sagittal otoliths obtained by EDS analysis. It was observed that calcium, carbon, and oxygen elements that form the calcium carbonate were the highest in EDS analysis. In addition, it has been found that the percentage of protein in ring structures, especially, in rings related to the age factor showed an increase. It can be said that this structural difference plays a major role in the clarification of age ring. Furthermore, the scandium (Sc) element was firstly discovered in the structure of the sagittal otoliths of P. pagrus from Gokceada, Turkey. Scandium is one of the indicator elements in thermal regions. This study describes the presence of scandium trace element for the first time in the structure of otolith.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a public healthcare problem. Sustained hyperglycemia has been linked with many complications including impaired male fertility. The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus on testicular immunomorphology both in the peripubertal period and adulthood of rats. Material and methods. Peripubertal male rats were injected with STZ (70 mg/kg), adult rats received 60 mg/kg. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cell proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (caspase-3), expression of androgen receptors (AR), Wilms Tumor (WT1) protein. Also, the morphology of blood vessels was analyzed on the basis of CD34-immunoreactivity. Taking into consideration the small groups of animals, statistical analysis was made with the Mann–Whitney U test. Results. Fewer rows of proliferating spermatogonia were observed in the experimental animals (P < 0.05) of both age groups. Surprisingly, diabetes resulted in decreased caspase-3 expression (P < 0.05) except for the early period (2 weeks) in the peripubertal group, in which this trend was not observed. The same principles are true in terms of AR expression in seminiferous tubules. Hyperglycemia prevented immature testes from the complete development but thickens the walls of microvessels (P < 0.05). Also, the atrophy of spermatogenic epithelium and Sertoli cells was registered in most tubules of all the experimental groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion. the diabetic injury of testicular tissue is a long time process possessing characteristic feature in the peripubertal period, for example, the later development of AR deficiency. In addition, the high level of apoptosis is characteristic of an immature testis and so is the tendency of caspase-immunoreactivity to persist. Цукровий діабет (ЦД) – суттєва проблема системи охорони здоров’я. Тривала гіперглікемія пов’язана з багатьма ускладненнями, включаючи порушення фертильності чоловіків. Мета роботи – оцінити вплив індукованого стрептозотоцином (STZ) цукрового діабету на імуноморфологію яєчок щурів у перипубертатному періоді та дорослому віці. Матеріали та методи. Перипубертатним самцям щурів уводили STZ у дозі 70 мг/кг, дорослі щури отримували 60 мг/кг. Імуногістохімічні реакції проводили для оцінювання проліферації клітин (Ki-67), апоптозу (caspase-3), експресії рецепторів андрогенів (AR), білка пухлини Вільмса (WT1). Також аналізували морфологію судин на основі CD34-імунореактивності. Враховуючи невеликі групи тварин, статистичний аналіз здійснили за допомогою тесту Манна–Вітні. Результати. В експериментальних тварин (р < 0,05) обох вікових груп спостерігали менше рядків сперматогоній, що мітотично діляться. Дивно, але діабет призвів до зниження експресії каспази-3 (р < 0,05), за винятком раннього періоду (2 тижні) у групі перипубертату, в якій цей тренд не зафіксований. Подібні закономірності виявлені для експресії рецепторів андрогенів. Гіперглікемія запобігла повноцінному розвитку незрілих яєчок, але потовщила стінки мікросудин (p < 0,05). Також зареєстровано атрофію сперматогенного епітелію та клітин Сертолі в більшості канальців у всіх експериментальних групах. Висновки. Діабетичне пошкодження тканин яєчок – тривалий процес, що має характерні особливості в перипубертатному періоді, наприклад пізніший дефіцит AR. Крім того, високий рівень апоптозу характерний для незрілого яєчка, як і тенденція до збереження caspase3-імунореактивності. Сахарный диабет (СД) стал значительной проблемой здравоохранения. Длительная гипергликемия связана со многими осложнениями, включая нарушения фертильности мужчин. Цель работы – оценить влияние индуцированного стрептозотоцином (STZ) сахарного диабета на иммуноморфологию яичек крыс в перипубертатном периоде и взрослом возрасте. Материалы и методы. Перипубертатным самцам крыс вводили STZ в дозе 70 мг/кг, взрослые крысы получали 60 мг/кг. Иммуногистохимические реакции проводили для оценки пролиферации клеток (Ki-67), апоптоза (caspase-3), экспрессии рецепторов андрогенов (AR), белка опухоли Вильмса (WT1). Также анализировали морфологию сосудов на основе CD34-иммунореактивности. Учитывая небольшие группы животных, статистический анализ провели с помощью теста Манна–Уитни. Результаты. У экспериментальных животных обеих возрастных групп отмечено меньше рядов митотически делящихся сперматогоний (р < 0,05). Удивительно, но диабет привел к снижению экспрессии каспазы-3 (р < 0,05) за исключением раннего периода (2 недели) в группе перипубертата, в которой этот тренд не зафиксирован. Подобные закономерности обнаружены для экспрессии рецепторов андрогенов. Гипергликемия предотвратила полноценное развитие незрелых яичек, но стенки микрососудов стали толще (p < 0,05). Также зарегистрировали атрофию сперматогенного эпителия и клеток Сертоли в большинстве канальцев во всех экспериментальных группах. Выводы. Диабетическое повреждение тканей яичек – длительный процесс, имеющий характерные особенности в перипубертатном периоде, например дефицит AR развивается впоследствии. Кроме того, высокий уровень апоптоза характерен для незрелого яичка, как и тенденция к сохранению caspase3-иммунореактивности.

Background and aims Novel genetic determinants associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) have been discovered by genome wide association studies. Variants encompassing the CELSR2- PSRC1-SORT1 gene cluster have been associated with CAD. This study is aimed to investigate the rs629301 polymorphism association with the extent of CAD evaluated by coronary angiography (CAG), and to evaluate its associations with an extensive panel of lipid and lipoprotein measurements in a large Italian cohort of 2429 patients. Methods and results The patients were collected by four Intensive Care Units located in Palermo and Verona (Italy). Clinical Records were filed, blood samples were collected, lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) were measured in separate laboratories. CAD was defined by the presence of stenotic arteries (>50% lumen diameter) by CAG. The presence of CAD was associated with the rs629301 genotype. Patients with CAD were 78% and 73% (p = 0.007) of the T/T vs. T/G + G/G genotype carriers respectively. T/T genotype was also correlated with the number of stenotic arteries, with a 1.29 (1.04–1.61) risk to have a three-arteries disease. T/T genotype correlated with higher levels of LDL-, non-HDL cholesterol, apoB, apoE and apoCIII, and lower HDL-cholesterol. Logistic Regression confirmed that rs629301was associated with CAD independently from the common risk factors, with a risk similar to that conferred by ten years of age [odds ratios were 1.43 (1.04–1.96) and 1.39 (1.22–1.58) respectively]. Conclusions rs629301 risk allele was independently associated with the extension and severity of CAD and positively with apoE and apoB containing lipoproteins.

Purpose Two chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have been approved in the United States (USA) in 2017 and Europe (EU) in 2018: axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel. They contain the patient’s own T cells, which are extracted, genetically modified, and reinfused. Alongside the good efficacy results, the assessment of safety profile of these new therapies represents a great challenge. Our aim was to analyze the reports of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) after CAR-T administration as occurred in the real clinical setting. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study, collecting all the reports in EU (EudraVigilance, EV) and US (FAERS) databases of ADRs regarding axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel. Both descriptive and statistical analyses were performed, the latter by using Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR). Results A total number of 1426 reports of suspected ADRs were retrieved in EudraVigilance and FAERS. Patients’ reported age reflected the age range for which the drugs are approved (18–64 years for axicabtagene ciloleucel and patients aged under 25 years for tisagenlecleucel). The most reported event was cytokine release syndrome (CRS), 185 events for tisagenlecleucel and 462 for axicabtagene ciloleucel in FAERS and 137 and 498, respectively, in EudraVigilance. A disproportionality was found comparing axicabtagene ciloleucel with tisagenlecleucel for the above-mentioned event: EV ROR 2.47, 95% CI 2.22–2.74, FAERS 1.89, 1.70–2.10. Conclusion CRS represents the major problem with the administration of CAR-T therapies. Our analysis has not revealed new ADRs; however, it supports the safety profile of CAR-T with new data from real clinical setting.

This study aims to analyze the factors inhibiting the promotion of teachers in Candimulyo sub-district, Magelang regency. The research approach used is quantitative methods. Respondents who participated in this study were 116 people. The analysis used is multiple regression test. The results showed that the age factor has a probability of 0.000 and the convenience factor (comfort) has a probability of 0.036 and has a significant effect on the difficulty in advancing according to the respondents in this study. Meanwhile, the factors of regulation, motivation, and education do not significantly influence the difficulty of promotion for teachers.

Workers at brem industries are particularly at risk of heat strains at work. This is due to the age factor of the workers as well as the nutritional status that can be the main cause in case of heat strain events. Purpose of this study was to find out the level of influence of age factor and nutritional status on heat strain events in brem industries workers in Kaliabu village, Madiun. Quantitative observational analytical research with a cross sectional approach where the sample of research amounted to 157 respondents from a total population of 266 workers. Regression test with Amos 23 tools in analyzing data. Result in the age variable was 0.072 and for the nutritional status obtained the result of 0.079 against the incidence of heat strains where both variables had a significant influence on heat strains. So that the need for spatial planning and fulfillment of good nutrition by industry managers. Keywords: heat strain; nutritional status; age; brem; industries

Objective: To determine the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) among active Tuberculosis (TB) patients. To find out the impact of age factor in the prevalence rate. Methodology: This research work is a meta-analysis to determine the prevalence rate of DM among TB patients in Asian and African countries. To conduct this research total 200 studies are reviewed and 15 studies (28,055 patients) are further used for analysis, while 47% and 53% studies of last seven years (2012-2018) have been included from African and Asian countries respectively. The data is analyzed using the Meta excel extension of excel.Results: The results revealed that highest prevalence rate 71% found within Pakistan, while overall pooled prevalence of DM among TB patients is 26% with 95% confidence interval (22.12, 28.47). It also has been determined that age significantly affects the prevalence rate of DM among TB patients with -0.634 to 4.179) confidence interval.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Diabetes Mellitus is widely spreading among people and age also significantly moderate the prevalence rate. Continuous...

Saat ini pandemi virus corona memaksa pemerintah untuk menyusun dan menerapkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang tidak biasa. Apalagi dampak dari pandemi ini tidak hanya dirasakan sektor kesehatan, namun juga memukul sektor-sektor lain seperti ekonomi, pendidikan, sosial, dan pariwisata. Untuk mencegah terjadinya dampak yang lebih besar perlu dilakukan pengelompokan daerah berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang menjadi akselerator penyebaran virus corona sehingga bisa disusun kebijakan-kebijakan yang tepat bagi tiap daerah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kondisi demografi dan budaya antar daerah di Indonesia yang berbeda-beda. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, tujuan adanya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peta tingkat kerawanan pandemi di setiap daerah yang disertai faktor akselerator penyebaran virus corona dengan menggunakan metode analisis cluster hierarki. Analisis cluster hierarki adalah teknik multivariat untuk mengelompokkan objek berdasarkan karakteristik yang dimilikinya. Analisis cluster mengklasifikasi objek sehingga setiap objek yang memiliki sifat yang mirip akan mengelompok kedalam satu cluster. Adapun faktor akselerator yang dimaksud adalah usia, kebiasaan cuci tangan, aktivitas kerja, dan aspek bepergian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dari 4 variabel akselerator penyebaran virus, terdapat daerah-daerah yang perlu diperhatikan. Provinsi Papua, Papua Barat, Riau, dan Kepulauan Riau masuk kategori aman, namun dari sisi faktor usia penduduk daerah-daerah tersebut masih tergolong waspada. Artinya jika faktor usia tidak diberikan perhatian khusus, ke empat provinsi tersebut berpotensi naik status menjadi waspada atau bahkan Rawan. Hasil dari analisis ini diharapkan menjadi informasi mengenai keadaan status kerawanan tiap daerah dan dapat dijadikan sebagai saran bagi pemerintah dalam mengambil kebijakan secara tepat.

The article analyzes the level of trust to politicians of various age exhibited by respondents belonging to different generations. The study is based on the results of interviews conducted in three regions of Russia in 2020. The author points out that the age factor serves as one of the resources of power and influences political interests, political preferences and political participation. The study shows that the age of a politician is an important factor which has an impact on the level of trust to him/her. The respondents evaluate the advantages which are enjoyed by politicians who belong to various age groups. The respondents also consider politicians to possess, to a various degree, the qualities which constitute attributes of power. The mature age is mostly attributed such characteristics of power as objectivity, responsibility, rationality, ability to negotiate, goal-oriented approach, etc. The level of trust to the young politicians and, to an even greater degree, to the “elderly” ones is lower. The respondents refer to age when evaluating politicians belonging to various generations. The research demonstrates a lack of trust between young and elderly people. The most important factor which differentiates the attitudes of respondents is their age. Young people, including minors, mostly demonstrate a lack of trust to elderly politicians and believe that such politicians lose touch with reality.

Surgery is the most frequent indication and major therapy in the management of malignancy of breasts. Drain is one method to drainage the seroma formed after the modified radical mastectomy surgery. The drain-release protocol varies in each hospitals. This study aimed to compare the proportion of percutaneous aspiration in patients with early drain release with late drain release in postoperative MRM patients. The present study is a prospective cohort study comparing the proportion of percutaneous aspiration in 30 patients with early drain released with 30 patients with late drain release in Dr. Soetomo hospital The recording of the proportion of aspiration actions was conducted serially on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after drain release. Recording of age, nutritional status (BMI), tumor histopathology type, stage, shoulder mobilization time, obliterant usage, wound infections surgery, flap necrosis and hematom were analyzed to find out if there was any effect on seroma event In our study we did not find the difference in serum aspiration proportions both in the early and late drain observation group. Age factor, nutritional status (BMI), histopathology type, stage, shoulder mobilization time, obliterant use, presence of surgical wound infection, flap necrosis and hematom did not differ significantly statistically to seroma events. Statistically, there was no difference in the proportion of percutaneous aspiration in a group of observed patients with early and late drain release. Late drain release can be avoided to potentially harm the patient in decreasing the lives’ quality of the patients.

This quantitative study finds out what are the factors that influence a worker's decision to retire early, especially in crisis conditions. Using Susenas data for the September 2008 period, this study regresses the variables related to family and occupational characteristics in the logistic model. The odds ratio calculation results show that men who are married, live in urban areas, or work in the forestry sector tend to retire early. Besides, the age factor does not play a significant role in retirement decisions. By taking into account the conditions of distribution of social protection assistance which are generally "flat", this research is expected to provide a new intuition for the Government to design a better system

Kombucha is a well-known health probiotic drink. Kombucha was first used in East Asia (Manchuria) in the Tsin Dynasty around 220 BC which was used for detoxification. This probiotic drink is a fresh drink from a slightly sweet, slightly acidic tea that is consumed worldwide. Kombucha tea is obtained from tea leaf infusion by fermentation with SCOBY (symbiotic culture of yeast and bacteria). The taste of the fermented tea is like apple cider vinegar. With the development of The Kombucha era, it has been studied by many researchers and provides excellent health benefits including as a source of antioxidants to prevent free radicals, antibacterial, anticancer, for diabetes, cardiovascular (heart disease), digestive problems and low body immunity because age factor. In the Mandailing sub-district, Tebing Tinggi city, there is a lack of public awareness of health. With the training in making kombucha probiotic drink, it is hoped that residents in that area can apply this health drink to improve a healthy lifestyle.

This empirical study determines the obvious and hidden factors that affect the Ukrainian Mathematics teachers to use Project-Based Learning and Teaching (PBL and PBT) Mathematics. A survey of 126 practicing Mathematics teachers was conducted using a Standard closed ended questionnaire. The study confirms that modern Mathematics teachers believe that it is impossible to teach Mathematics for modern students without using PBL and PBT. On the one hand, teachers demonstrate their beliefs in these educational techniques. On the other hand, the survey reveals hidden factors that are inhibitory in the practice of PBL and PBT Mathematics. The study shows the following statistically confirmed factors in teachers' beliefs concerning the use of PBL and PBT Mathematics: Content-Technological Factor; Result & Age Factor; Factor of the Target Audience on the expediency of using PBL and PBT Mathematics; Teacher's Overload Factor; Praxeological Factor; Locality Factor; Teacher's Awareness Spectrum Factor. The previous assumption that the experience of a Mathematics teacher is an influential factor in the use of PBL and PBT has not been statistically confirmed. The results show that an influential factor is the Locality Factor. So, it's important if a teacher teaches Mathematics in a city or a village. Its origins (genesis and causes) and the consequences of this factor influence on educational processes in Ukraine need more detailed study.

In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases is elevated. Moreover, various features, also including pro-thrombotic status, further predispose these patients to increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events. Thus, the identification of optimal antithrombotic strategies in terms of the risk–benefit ratio and outcome improvement in this setting is crucial. However, debated issues on antithrombotic therapies in patients with COVID-19 are multiple and relevant. In this article, we provide ten questions and answers on risk stratification and antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatments in patients at risk of/with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on the scientific evidence gathered during the pandemic.

Turizm pazarlamasında yaş faktörü önemli bir pazar bölümlendirme kriteri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bireyler doğdukları yıla göre X, Y ve Z şeklinde belli kuşaklara ayrılmaktadır. Her kuşağın kendine has öne çıkan bazı davranış özellikleri bulunmaktadır. Bu davranış özellikleri turistik ürün ve hizmet tercihinde de belirleyici rol oynayabilmektedir. Her yaş grubunun farklılık gösteren seyahat davranışlarının belirlenmesi ve buna uygun ürün ve hizmet geliştirilmesi turizm pazarlaması açısından önemli bir konudur. Öte yandan insanları seyahate yönelten farklı nedenler bulunmaktadır. Seyahat motivasyonu olarak açıklanan bu nedenler bireyleri hem seyahate iten “itici faktörler”, hem de gidecekleri yerde onları çeken “çekici faktörler” olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı; X, Y ve Z kuşaklarının seyahat motivasyonlarının farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda her kuşaktan katılımcıların dâhil edildiği 566 kişiye kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile ulaşılarak seyahat motivasyonlarına ilişkin hazırlanan anket formu doldurtulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler nicel analiz teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda yedi boyuttan oluşan seyahat motivasyonlarının kuşaklara göre bazı farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür., In tourism marketing, age factor is accepted as an important market segmentation criterion. Individuals are divided into certain generations in the form of X, Y and Z according to the year they were born. Each generation has some distinctive behavioral features. These behavioral characteristics can also play a decisive role in the choice of tourist products and services. Determining the different travel behaviors of each age group and developing suitable products and services is an important issue in terms of tourism marketing. On the other hand, there are different reasons leading people to travel. These reasons, which are explained as travel motivation, are explained as both "driving factors" that push individuals to travel and "attractive factors" that attract them at their destination. The purpose of this research, to examine whether travel motivations of X, Y and Z generations differ. For this purpose, 566 people, including participants from each generation, were easily reached by sampling technique and a questionnaire prepared for travel motivations was filled. The data obtained were analyzed by quantitative analysis techniques. As a result of the analyzes, it was seen that the travel motivations consisting of seven dimensions differed according to the generations.

The current paper aims at studying the age factor in Sudanese public schools and private schools where the starting age differs in both. Also, it aims at finding out whether the late or early starting of learning English language influences the learner's acquisition to language. Moreover, the study aims at showing the difference between learners of English language in private schools and learners in public schools. The tools used for data collection were questionnaire for EFL Sudanese teachers and a test for Sudanese secondary school students. The research was conducted with a total of 30 male students attending Sudanese public schools and private schools. By using the mixed-method research approaches, the findings revealed that most respondents agree that the early learners are better than late ones, that is to say that students of private schools who start learning English at an early age had better mastery of English than those of public-school students who start at a late age. Finally, the study recommended that investigating the effects of age factor on learning English language is a very important phenomenon and may apply in other countries such Egypt, Saudi Arabia etc. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the effects of age factor on learning English language, particularly, in the context of Arab countries.

Objectives: To determine the case fatality rate of COVID-19 by evaluating the data of Patients died due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 patients with PCR done from the government designated Public health research laboratory of Khyber Medical University were included in a cross sectional comparative study. Chi-square test, risk analysis, probability testing and survival analysis using Kaplan Meir test was done on data sheet prepared in SPPS version 25 in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: Out of total 243 patients, 165 (67.90%) were negative by PCR testing and 78 (32.09%) were COVID-19 positive. The Mean age with SD was 36+17 years. Out of total 178 (73.3%) were males and 65 (26.7%) were females. 34 (13.99%) had age more than 55 years, where 4/5 (80%) of the deaths were recorded. The relationship of an increase in age with rate of mortality was statistically significant (p=0.001). The over all probability of death in our population in age more than 55 years is 24 times higher (OR=24,95CI: 2.6-221.24) with relative risk of 1.1 (rr=1.11, 95CI:1-1.24). Mortality rate was 6.41%. A significant correlation of mortality with case positivity (p=0.003) with relative risk of 1.06 (rr=1.06, 95CI: 1.008-1.13). Three out of 5 of the COVID-19 positive deceased had cardiac diseases and 2/5 had respiratory disease/viral pneumonia. Using Kaplan Meir test, the survival graphs of COVID positive vs COVID negative cases had similar pattern that shows the mortality rate in the positive cases was not solely due to COVID-19, but has aggravated the pre-existing illness to cause death. Conclusion: The mortality rate was 6.41%, more in age>55 years (80%) and almost all the deceased had chronic co-morbid conditions like CAD, CCF and COPD at time of presentation. COVID-19 is not the sole killer, it contributes killing in immune-deficient patients.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is marked by an increase in blood glucose levels exceeds normal limits. One of the effects of diabetes mellitus is kidney function disorder. Many researches about diabetes mellitus found that patients have uncontrolled levels of urea and creatinine. The purpose of this study was to determine urea and creatinine levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research method uses a descriptive approach to determine urea and creatinine levels among diabetes mellitus patients. The results of this study based on the participant characteristics were 47.3% male respondents and 52.7% female respondents, then based on diabetic aged >45 years was 90.95% and 10 years was 18.2%. The overall creatinine and urea levels were normal. The conclusion of this study is a general description of urea and creatinine levels in the study sample within normal limits. However, the age factor of patients less than 45 years and the duration of illness from 6 to 10 years has a risk of increased levels of urea and creatinine in the blood.

The analysis of literature sources on this topic is carried out. It was found that the influence of age on the main strength and deformation parameters has not been studied. The method of experimental researches of coniferous and deciduous species of solid wood of different age at one-time short-term loading along fibers is resulted. To solve the problems, a series of samples of 1 sort of solid wood in the form of prisms with a cross section of 30x30x120 mm were made. The following species of wood were tested: coniferous species - larch, pine, spruce; deciduous - birch, alder, ash. The age of wood was 20, 40, 60 years. At the time of testing, the moisture was 12%. The humidity of the wood was controlled using a moisture meter MD-814. Experimental studies were performed on a servo-hydraulic test machine STM-100 under a rigid load regime (by increasing the displacements of the press plate of the test machine). Based on the obtained results, complete diagrams of deformation of deciduous (birch, alder, ash) and coniferous (larch, pine, spruce) species of solid wood at different ages (60, 40, 20 years) were constructed. The number of twin samples that were tested was 126 pieces. The main strength and deformation parameters were determined experimentally, in particular the average critical deformations of all studied wood species and the corresponding average maximum stresses. It is established that in the case of a rigid test regime, the deformation diagram of solid wood necessarily has two branches - ascending and descending. That is, the samples work in the so-called supercritical stage of work. It was found that the age of wood directly affects the strength and deformability of solid wood. In particular, with increasing age from 20 to 60 years, the strength and deformability of deciduous and coniferous species of solid wood increases significantly. Based on the test results, conclusions were drawn. Further research on this topic is highlighted.

Background The aim of this study was to compare early and long-term outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) versus open surgical repair (OSR) in patients aged ≤ 65 years. Methods Data of patients aged ≤65 years undergoing infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, between 2005 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. All EVAR procedures were performed according to the instruction for use, and only OSR procedures with an infrarenal aortic cross-clamping were included in the study. Results In this group of 115 patients (EVAR: 58 patients, 51% and OSR: 57 patients, 49%), EVAR and OSR patients had similar comorbidities, except for obesity (EVAR: 38% vs. OSR: 19%; P = 0.03). A stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was necessary in 19% of patients with EVAR versus 79% with OSR (P = 0.001), and the amount of blood transfusion was 236 ± 31 mL for EVAR versus 744 ± 98 mL for OSR (P = 0.001). The hospital stay was 4 ± 2 days for EVAR versus 9 ± 6 days for OSR (P = 0.03). The overall 30-day mortality was 1% (EVAR: 0% vs. OSR: 2%; P = 0.30). Five patients (4%) required reinterventions within 30 days (EVAR: 0% vs. OSR: 8%, P = 0.001). The mean follow-up was 86 ± 38 months. Freedom from reintervention at 10 years after EVAR was 81% versus OSR 74%; (P = 0.77). Late reinterventions were reported in 13 patients (23%) with OSR and in 10 patients (17%) with EVAR. Postoperative retrograde ejaculation occurred more often in patients with OSR (31%) versus EVAR (2%) (P = 0.001). During the follow-up, cancer was found in 19 (17%) patients with no difference between EVAR and OSR (P = 0.83). The global survival at 10 years was 72% (EVAR: 79% vs. OSR: 70%; P = 0.94). Conclusions In this study, EVAR was associated with a shorter hospital stay, less need for the ICU, and less early reinterventions than OSR. Survival and reinterventions during the follow-up were not significantly different between EVAR and OSR. According to these results, EVAR may be considered for patients aged ≤65 years with a favorable anatomy.

Background: Fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair endograft (f/bEVAR) allows the endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal and juxtarenal and pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (T-J-P-AAAs); however, given their high cost and complexity, their use should be limited to patients with life expectancy >2 years. Nevertheless, the number of patients older than 80 years treated by f/bEVAR is growing, with no hard evidence of the real efficacy in this context. The aim of the present study is to analyze the survival of ≥80-year-old patients treated with f/bEVAR, and to identify possible predictors of late mortality. Methods: An analysis of clinical, anatomical, and technical characteristics of patients treated with f/bEVAR for J-, P-, and T-AAA from 2010 to 2019 in a single academic center was performed. Follow-up data were collected prospectively with clinical visit and computed tomography angiography at discharge, after 6 months, and yearly thereafter. Survival after 2 years was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Possible predictors of mortality were evaluated by univariable/multivariable analysis. Results: In the study period, a total of 243 f/bEVARs were considered: 83 for TAAA (34%) and 160 for J/PAAA (66%). Mean age was 73 ± 6 years, with 35 (14%) patients ≥80 years old; 209 patients (86%) were male and 78 (39%) had an American Society of Anesthesiology score IV. The 30-day and 2-year survival were 96% and 80 ± 3%, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 36 ± 25 months, independent predictors of late mortality by Cox regression analysis were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic renal failure (CRF), and ≥80 years old (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–3.2, P = 0.05; HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.01–3.4, P = 0.04; HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.3, P = 0.002, respectively). Preoperative clinical characteristics were similar in ≥80 years old versus younger patients, except for the prevalence of TAAA (14% vs. 38%, P = 0.04). The technical success and 30-day mortality were similar in ≥80 vs.

Health problems experienced by gay, transgender, and MSM (Men who have Sex with Men) one of the psychological problems such as depression. The social problems that they often experience are stigma and discrimination, including access to health services. The risk factors of depression are genetic, age, and psychosocial factors. This study conducted to determine the relationship between risk factors of depression with levels of depression to the gay, transgender, and MSM in Bandar Lampung 2019. Methods: The type of research is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional. The samples were taken using total sampling. The subjects in this research are all 35 members of the Gaya Lentera Muda Organization. The type of data obtained is primary data. The results of this research that from 35 subjects is obtained the subjects with middle education mostly have mild depression of 7 subjects (36,8%). The subjects who have an occupation mostly have mild depression of 6 subjects (33,3%). The subjects who have genetic factors mostly have severe depression of 13 subjects (72,2%). There is a meaningful relationship between genetic factor (p value= 0,000) and psychosocial factor (education level p value= 0,040 and employment status p value= 0,050) with levels of depression to the gay, transgender, and MSM (Men who have Sex with Men). There is no relationship between age factor (p value= 0,856) with levels of depression to the gay, transgender, and MSM (Men who have Sex with Men).

Introduction: Developing children’s skills in producing oral narratives can reflect their linguistic and cognitive abilities. However, to evaluate these abilities appropriately, it is necessary to find and apply an efficient narrative assessment tool. This study primarily aimed to assess the reliability and validity of a picture story, as a narrative eliciting tool, based on Persian-speaking children’s narratives. This assessment is going to be done at the microstructure and macrostructure levels. Furthermore, to evaluate the power of the assessment tool, we explored the effect of age and gender variables on using different narrative elements at the microstructure and macrostructure levels. Materials and Methods: We used a picture story, “Frog, where are you?” to elicit oral narratives in 48 subjects, including 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old boys and girls. The reliability and validity of the tool were respectively assessed by test-retest and factor analysis. Results: The findings indicated a significantly high correlation between the evaluated features based on test-retest. Besides, factor analysis revealed four categories: sentence structures, references, conjunctions, measures of story length. They were valid indicators for assessing Persian-speaking children’s narratives. The results also showed a statistically significant difference among different age groups, but an insignificant effect of gender on using discursive features in the tales.Conclusion: The picture story “Frog, where are you?” can be used as a reliable and valid narrative eliciting tool for Persian data at the microstructure and macrostructure levels. Also, the age factor, but not the gender one, affects the stories recited by Persian children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle and glenoid fossa morphology with measurements on Computed Tomography (CT) and volumetric analysis using InVesalius software program. 250 condyles in 125 patients (mean age: 40.64) was evaluated on CT. Length, width, and height of the condyle, condylar volume, the thickness of glenoid fossa (TGF), condyle surface area, anterior space (AS), superior space (SS), and posterior space (PS) were measured in this study. Two left and right sides of the jaw have been measured. Linear measurements were performed with the image analysis program (Image J, 1.4 v version, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Volume and surface area measurements were performed with InVesalius software (CTI, Campinas, SaoPaulo, Brazil). To compare the dimensions of the condyle between males and females, there was only a significant difference in left AS and SS and no significant difference was found between males and females in other measured factors. There was a significant difference between the age groups and left SS. A significant difference was also found between the age groups and condylar height, condyle surface area, and condylar volume on both right and left sides. Evaluation of condylar morphology is important to assess the TMJ anomalies and bony changes. This study showed no significant differences between gender and all measured factors except in the left AS and SS. However, age factor had a major effect on the morphology.

Nyambu Village is a Tourism Village that takes the ecological concept (Ecotourism), The beauty of natural scenery and culture makes Nyambu Village has the attraction to be visited by tourists. Nyambu village atmosphere with all its contents is the perfect big potential with the unification of nature and culture which is the strong character of Nyambu Village itself. This study describes how community participation in supporting Ecological Tourism Village in Nyambu Village, Kediri Sub-district, Tabanan District, and describes the form of community participation, the level of community participation in planning, implementation, utilization, evaluation, business opportunity and identifying factors influence public participation through age, sex, education and employment. This research is a qualitative research using deductive approach, with data collection methods obtained from field observation, interview and secondary data from related offices while interviews and questionnaires conducted by the method of puposive sampling. There are four forms of participation in Nyambu Village, among others, the participation of money, the participation of material or matter, the participation of personnel, the participation of the mind, and the level of participation in the planning, implementation, utilization, evaluation and business opportunities are very good. while the involvement or participation of Nyambu Village community on village tourism activities that took place in Nyambu Village Kediri District, Tabanan Regency seen from the factor of participation is the age factor of 17- 28 years old with high school education.

Objective To evaluate the independent impact of age, obesity and metabolic risk factors on 13 circulating steroid levels; to generate reference intervals for adult men. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Three hundred and fifteen adults, drug-free and apparently healthy men underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation. Thirteen steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS and compared among men with increasing BMI. Moreover, the independent impact of age, BMI and metabolic parameters on steroid levels was estimated. Upper and lower reference limits were generated in steroid-specific reference sub-cohorts and compared with dysmetabolic sub-cohorts. Results We observed lower steroid precursors and testosterone and increase in estrone levels in men with higher BMI ranges. By multivariate analysis, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dihydrotestosterone decreased with BMI, while cortisol decreased with waist circumference. Estrone increased with BMI and systolic blood pressure. Testosterone decreased with worsening insulin resistance. 17-hydroxypregnenolone and corticosterone decreased with increasing total/HDL-cholesterol ratio. Age-related reference intervals were estimated for 17-hydroxypregnenolone, DHEA, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol and androstenedione, while age-independent reference intervals were estimated for progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone and estradiol. Testosterone lower limit was 2.29 nmol/L lower (P = 0.007) in insulin resistant vs insulin sensitive men. Furthermore, the upper limits for dihydrotestosterone (−0.34 nmol/L, P = 0.045), cortisol (−87 nmol/L, P = 0.045–0.002) and corticosterone (−10.1 nmol/L, P = 0.048–0.016) were lower in overweight/obese, in abdominal obese and in dyslipidaemic subjects compared to reference sub-cohorts, respectively. Conclusions Obesity and mild unmedicated metabolic risk factors alter the circulating steroid profile and bias the estimation of reference limits for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, cortisol and corticosterone. Applying age-dependent reference intervals is mandatory for steroid precursors and corticosteroids.

The article discusses the role of the age factor in the readers’ comprehension of stylistically heterogeneous texts, here the text fragments containing figurative noun groups of salient and non-salient character. The salience effects on eye movement and default responses are studied in the oculographic experiment where the secondary school children had to read the sentences displaying figurativeness. The earlier detected statistically significant corpus salience indices of referential, linguistic and discourse parameters in figurativeness construal get verified experimentally. In accordance with the Graded Salience and Defaultness hypotheses I assumed that the interpretation of figurative noun groups of varied referential, linguistic and discourse salience will require different cognitive effort in terms of both eye movement reactions and default inferences. Several eye-tracking experiments with adult participants sufficed to prove the dependency, however, the results obtained with children did not support the Salience hypothesis in the part of visual perception. The eye movements of children facing figurative noun groups did not show steady correlation patterns with the salience effects of these groups, whereas the default interpretations correlated strongly with referential, linguistic, and discourse salience. The results show evidence in favor of Mixed-Effects Model of interpretation

This study provides insight on how the firm-created communication and consumer-generated communication messages through blog does, influence the perception of consumers and is a source of lifelong learning. This research also assesses the difference in perception of male and female based on their interaction with blogs. This research also investigates whether there is a notable impact of age factor on the consumer perception and how does information available through blog influences their perception formation. An online survey of one hyndred eighty one respondents from Pakistan analyzed statistically. Results suggested that firm created communication material on the blog, user-generated blog communication material, blog credibility, and trending brands on blogs are some of the factors related to blog marketing that influences the consumer perception about the brands. No significant relationship found between blog rating and complete product information availability on consumer perception whereas Blog credibility and trending brands on blogs positively affects the consumer perception about brands.

Psychologically, Human Age Limits include, First, Childhood. Second, Adolescence, Third Adulthood, Fourth, Old Age. At the Adult Stage is calculated at the age of 21 years to about 40 years. Means that the age of marriage aged 19 years does not include the adult category. In general, marriage problems between men and women are not seen from the age factor but age limits affect the maturity of thinking and human development psychologically. Especially in the case of marriages that need to be considered is the age of maturity, since the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriages, the current marriage age limit between men and women is equal to the age of 19 years. Of course this becomes a problem, because at that age according to the psychological development of the ego is still relatively high. So the cause of early divorce at the age of about 25 years and over.

Working in an awkward posture without using work aids for welding shop workers can pose a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in welding workshop workers in the city of Lhokseumawe. This type of research is a type of quantitative research, with a cross sectional approach. Performed on 40 populations which are all used as samples. Data collection was carried out through interviews using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) worksheet to determine the level of MSDs complaints and to find out whether age, education, years of work, number of hours worked, number of hours of rest (independent variables) affected the MSDs (dependent variable). The results showed that there was an influence of the age factor (p value = 0,000), years of service (p value = 0,000), the number of hours worked (p value = 0.009) and the number of hours of sleep (p value = 0.009) on the risk of MSDs, but the education factor did not show the effect which is significant (pvalue = 0.548). The conclusions of this study are: age, years of work, number of hours worked and number of hours of sleep are the causes of MSDs risk in welding workshop workers except the level of education which is mostly high school. It is recommended to welding workshop workers to use tools such as work desks to reduce the odd work posture, the allocation of working time in accordance with the applicable government regulations, namely 7 hours a day by business owners, as well as the continuity of activities of the UKK Team towards informal workers both in terms of knowledge transfer (counseling) and health services.

Age is a basic factor for any kind of insurance. and the premiums that are to be paid are based on Age. In India, the premiums are low for Health Insurance if the age of the proposer is less whereas the same is on the converse in case of United States including the Medic Aid or Obamacare. In case of Life Insurance, the age is the longevity factor whereas the same is the factor for Health Insurance in determining the cost and coverage. Hence to analyse the fact of Age with reference to insurance a research study was taken up and data were collected from 531 samples from salaried and business class relating to Banking, IT & IT enabled Services, Manufacturing sector in the city of Chennai relating to Standalone Health Insurers. The collected data were analysed with statistical tools and the results show that majority of the respondents were males and they are between 31-40 years of age.

هدفت الدراسة: إلى تقصي أثر الأجهزة اللوحية على جودة الأعمال التشکيلية وعرض أهميتها وتطبيقاتها المرتبطة بتدريس التربية الفنية، والوقوف على إمکاناتها المتاحة في مجال التدريس، والتعرف على بعض المعوقات التي تمنع توظيفها في تدريس التربية الفنية، واسباب العزوف عن توظيفها. وتکمن الأهمية: بعرض وتقديم بعض ايجابيات توظيف الأجهزة اللوحية في تدريس التربية الفنية والتي تسهم في تطوير عملية التدريس وتنوع الأنشطة، وتوظيف مخرجات التطور التکنولوجي في مجال تعليم وتعلم الفنون والتي تسهم في بناء مناهجها وتخطيطها، وتحسين أساليب تدريسها. وتوفير مهارة التعلم الذاتي لطلاب مادة التربية الفنية. ومن أهم نتائجها : بلغ متوسط درجات معيار الجودة لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي (1.96) وفي التقييم البعدي (4.32) و بلغ متوسط درجات معيار الموضوع لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي (2) وفي التقييم البعدي (4.48) وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار الارتباط البصري لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي (1.84) وفي التقييم البعدي (4.29) وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار التأثير لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي(2.12)وفي التقييم البعدي (4.58)وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار الوقت لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي(2.07)وفي التقييم البعدي (4.57)،وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار العمر الفني لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي(1.81)وفي التقييم البعدي (4.28)،وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار معايير الخامات لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي(1.90) وفي التقييم البعدي (4.30)، وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار القيم الجمالية لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي (2.07) وفي التقييم البعدي (4.55)، وبلغ متوسط درجات معيار القواعد الفنية لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي (2.04) وفي التقييم البعدي (4.53)،وبلغ متوسط درجات الدرجة الکلية لدى طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التقييم القبلي (17.80) وفي التقييم البعدي (39.90). Aim of the study is to investigate the effect of tablet devices on the quality of artworks, show the importance of art education applications in teaching art, identify their potential in teaching, and identify some of the obstacles that prevent their employment in teaching art education, and the reasons for reluctance to employ them. Importance of the study is to represent the advantage of using tablets in art education. This will contribute to the development of teaching style, the diversity of activities, employ the outputs of technological development in the field of teaching and learning arts, help on the development of curricula planning and construction, and provide self-learning skill for students of art education. Results: The average quality scores of the experimental group students in the pre-evaluation are (1.96) and post-evaluation (4.32). The average of subject factor scores among the experimental group students in the pre-evaluation is (2) and post-evaluation is (4.48). The average score of the visual correlation factor in the students of the experimental group in the pre-assessment is (1.84) and the post-evaluation is (4.29). The average of the effect factor among the experimental group students in the pre-assessment is (2.12) and in the post-evaluation is (4.58). The average of the time factor in the experimental group in the pre-assessment is (2.07) and In the post-assessment (4.57). The average score of the age factor of the experimental group in the pre-assessment is (1.90) and in the post-assessment is (4.30). The average of the aesthetic values factor in the experimental group in the pre-assessment is (2.07) and the post-assessment is (4.55). The average score of the art-work rules factor among the students of the experimental group in the pre-assessment is (2.04) and in the post-assessment is (4.53). The average score of the total score of the experimental group students in the pre-assessment is (17.80) and in the post-assessment is (39.90).

Background and ObjectivesSeveral studies have assessed risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The potential role of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and demographic and clinical factors on the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been evaluated so far. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection in PwMS by using data collected in the Italian MS Register (IMSR).MethodsA case-control (1:2) study was set up. Cases included PwMS with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and controls included PwMS without a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Both groups were propensity score–matched by the date of COVID-19 diagnosis, the date of last visit, and the region of residence. No healthy controls were included in this study. COVID-19 risk was estimated by multivariable logistic regression models including demographic and clinical covariates. The impact of DMTs was assessed in 3 independent logistic regression models including one of the following covariates: last administered DMT, previous DMT sequences, or the place where the last treatment was administered.ResultsA total of 779 PwMS with confirmed COVID-19 (cases) were matched to 1,558 PwMS without COVID-19 (controls). In all 3 models, comorbidities, female sex, and a younger age were significantly associated (p < 0.02) with a higher risk of contracting COVID-19. Patients receiving natalizumab as last DMT (OR [95% CI]: 2.38 [1.66–3.42], p < 0.0001) and those who underwent an escalation treatment strategy (1.57 [1.16–2.13], p = 0.003) were at significantly higher COVID-19 risk. Moreover, PwMS receiving their last DMT requiring hospital access (1.65 [1.34–2.04], p < 0.0001) showed a significant higher risk than those taking self-administered DMTs at home.DiscussionThis case-control study embedded in the IMSR showed that PwMS at higher COVID-19 risk are younger, more frequently female individuals, and with comorbidities. Long-lasting escalation approach and last therapies that expose patients to the hospital environment seem to significantly increase the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection in PwMS.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that among patients with MS, younger age, being female individuals, having more comorbidities, receiving natalizumab, undergoing an escalating treatment strategy, or receiving treatment at a hospital were associated with being infected with COVID-19. Among patients with MS who were infected with COVID-19, a severe course was associated with increasing age and having a progressive form of MS, whereas not being on treatment or receiving an interferon beta agent was protective.

The fast diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have called for an equally rapid evolution of the therapeutic options.The Human recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) in subjects aged ≥12 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and specific risk factors.Currently the indications are specific for the use of two different mAbs combination: Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab (produced by Eli Lilly) and Casirivimab+Imdevimab (produced by Regeneron).These drugs have shown favorable effects in adult patients in the initial phase of infection, whereas to date few data are available on their use in children.AIFA criteria derived from the existing literature which reports an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in children with comorbidities. However, the studies analyzing the determinants for progression to severe disease are mainly monocentric, with limited numbers and reporting mostly generic risk categories.Thus, the Italian Society of Pediatrics invited its affiliated Scientific Societies to produce a Consensus document based on the revision of the criteria proposed by AIFA in light of the most recent literature and experts’ agreement.This Consensus tries to detail which patients actually have the risk to develop severe disease, analyzing the most common comorbidities in children, in order to detail the indications for mAbs administration and to guide the clinicians in identifying eligible patients.

Objectives We aimed to identify clinical, anamnestic, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with a positive swab for SARS-CoV2, and to provide a predictive score to identify at risk population in children aged 2–14 years attending school and tested for clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Design Cross sectional study. Setting Outpatient clinic of the IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, a maternal and child health tertiary care hospital and research centre in Italy. Data collection and analysis Data were collected through a predefined form, filled out by parents, and gathered information on sociodemographic characteristics, and specific symptoms, which were analysed to determine their association with a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab. The regression coefficients of the variables included in the multivariate analysis were further used in the calculation of a predictive score of the positive or negative test. Results Between September 20th and December 23rd 2020, from 1484 children included in the study, 127 (8.6%) tested positive. In the multivariate analysis, the variables retained by the model were the presence of contact with a cohabiting, non-cohabiting or unspecified symptomatic case (respectively OR 37.2, 95% CI 20.1–68.7; 5.1, 95% CI 2.7–9.6; 15.6, 95% CI 7.3–33.2); female sex (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.0–2.3); age (6–10 years old: OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7–6.1 p10 years old: OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.7–8.8 p Conclusions The timely identification of SARS-CoV2 cases among children is useful to reduce the dissemination of the disease and its related burden. The predictive score may be adopted in a public health perspective to rapidly identify at risk children.

La adquisición de segundas lenguas (L2) es un proceso cognitivo por el que un hablante aprende y usa de manera continuada una lengua distinta a la materna. Los diferentes niveles de aprendizaje son los estadios de interlengua o protolenguaje, que suponen una simplificación lingüística de las marcas formales de las lenguas naturales humanas. En la adquisición de L2, superar el nivel del protolenguaje y adquirir la lengua natural dependerá de los siguientes factores. Primeramente, el cierre del periodo crítico, que afecta eminentemente a la adquisición de la primera lengua (L1), dificulta la adquisición natural e inconsciente de la L2. La edad de inicio de aprendizaje de la L2 hace que cuanto antes se aprenda la lengua, haya más probabilidades de adquirirla completamente. Finalmente, el entorno y las relaciones sociales incentivan el uso de la L2, y la intención comunicativa propicia el uso de estrategias comunicativas y expresivas en la L2., Second language acquisition (L2) is a cognitive process by which a speaker learns and uses continuously a language other than the mother tongue. The different levels of learning are the stages of interlanguage or protolanguage, which entails a linguistic simplification of the formal marks of the natural human languages. In L2 acquisition, surpassing the level of protolanguage and acquiring the natural language will depend on the following factors. Firstly, the closure of the critical period, which eminently affects the acquisition of the first language (L1), hinders the natural and unconscious acquisition of L2. The age of onset of L2 learning means that the earlier the language is learned, the more likely it is to acquire it completely. Finally, the environment and social relations encourage the use, Departamento de Lengua Española, Grado en Español: Lengua y Literatura