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Intestinal protozoan parasites Giardia lamblia (G.L) (Giardia duodenalis, G. lamblia, or G. intestinalis) is a flagellated zoonotic parasite are extremely common in impoverished nations, posing major public health risks. The majority of Giardia lamblia infections are asymptomatic. However, sometime abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever are the most common clinical symptoms of giardiasis, especially in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of G.L among children in Sulaimani city, North of Iraq. This study was conducted from January to April 2022. The incidence of giardiasis was investigated in Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital. A total of (6600) samples from general stool exam (GSE) by direct microscopic examination were studied. Male and Female, Personal Hygiene, and Eating Habits were all investigated in order to identify a link between giardiasis prevalence and these characteristics. Out of 6600 samples of GSE examined, 19 (0.2%) were positive for G.L. The prevalence rate of G.L among males were 11 (57.9%) which is higher than female 8 (42.1%). In prevalence of G.L according to months, the highest prevalence rate was recorded in April and the lowest prevalence rate were in January and February for both (males and females).

Cow and sheep manure contains beneficial nutrients nitrogen (N) carbohydrates (CHO) and Organic matter (OM), and is therefore used as an organic fertilizer. However, the excessive use of manure can cause environmental problems and negatively affect human and animal health because these materials also contain large amounts of heavy metals, especially selenium (Se), nickel(Ni), cobalt(Co), tin(Sn), lead(Pb), and cadmium(Cd) To assess the potential risks due to increased concentrations of heavy metals in sheep and cow manure.The compost was collected from three different regions in Kirkuk, Diyala and Sulaymaniyah governorates in Iraq and Kurdistan Region where the results showed The content of cow and sheep manure of organic matter (OM), carbohydrates (CHO) and nitrogen (N) levels were normal, which are beneficial nutrients for soil and plants and used as organic fertilizer. The level of selenium, nickel and cobalt was higher in cow manure compared to sheep manure in all governorates. The level of lead and cadmiumwas higher in sheep manure in Diyala governorates compared to cow manure.

The purpose of present study was to determine the variations in the levels of Selenium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Molybdenum and Manganese in the serum of Kurdi sheep and to compare the age difference in the levels of minerals between lambs and rams that are supplemented with Selenium and Zinc individually or their combination.It was on two experiences.The males of the Kurdi sheep from lambs and rams for four coefficients each as follows; First Treatment: (control) without adding, Second Treatment: added Selenium with a dose of 0.5 mg /kg fed,Third Treatment: added Zinc with a dose of 100 mg /kg fed, Fourth Treatment: added Selenium with Zinc with a dose of 0.5 + 100 mg/kg fed, then they were given gelatinous capsules daily for 60 days.Selenium and Zinc supplementation and their combination led to significant increase in the Selenium and Zinc concentration in the blood serum of lambs and Rams. Selenium, Zinc and their combinationsignificantly contributed to changes in the analysed minerals (Selenium, Zinc, Iron, Copper Molybdenum and Manganese).

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Selenium (Se) or Zinc (Zn) supplementation on blood biochemical of twelve of Kurdi male lambs, aged between 3 - 4 months, average live body weight of (20-23) kg. The Lambs were divided randomly into three groups (4 lambs for each group). first group: control group (C) basal diet without Selenium or Zinc, second group- (T1): Selenium (sodium selenite) was added as 0.5 mg / kg of fed, and Third group- (T2): Zinc (zinc sulphate) was added as 100 mg/kg of fed. Selenium and Zinc were as given capsules daily for 90 days. Blood samples were taken from the lambs on the 90 days. The results showed no significant differences (P≥0.05) of the Complete Blood Count (WBC, Mono, Neut, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV and RDW-SD) except Lymphocytes, had significantly different (P≤0.05) between the that added Se and Zn coefficients and the control group, there were no significant differences (P≥ 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) between the supplementation and the control groups, the differences were significant (P≤ 0.05) in the level of Testosterone Hormone and Globulin between the supplementation and the control groups. There was no relationship between Complete Blood Count and Testosterone, Globulin, ALP and GGT. The results showed that the supplements selenium or zinc improved significantly of Testosterone hormone and Globulin in Blood Serum of Kurdi Male lambs.

To improve the photoresponsivity of hematite-based photoanode via better charge transfer rate and short paths for the electron transport, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were used as conductive nano-scaffolds for the growth of photoactive material on Ti substrate. CQDs@α-Fe2O3 nanoparticulates with the average diameter of 3-5 nm were uniformly grown on the substrate under the finely optimized experimental conditions to prepare Ti/CQDs@α-Fe2O3 photoanode. The photocurrent response of the resulted photoanode with a photocurrent density of 2.1 mAcm-2 at applied Ebias of +0.5V vs. Ag/AgCl was increased by a factor of 10 compared to Ti/α-Fe2O3, mainly due to the improvement in charge-transfer rate and suppression of electron-hole recombination derived from the increased hole-diffusion length in conducting nano-scaffold structure. The surface morphology of samples was investigated with FE-SEM and HRTEM. Charge transfer resistance (Rct) of Ti/α-Fe2O3 and Ti/CQDs@α-Fe2O3 photoanodes were estimated to be about 90.9 and 3.7 KΩ, respectively. After the continuous 4 h illumination of Ti/CQDs@α-Fe2O3 photoanode under the visible light irradiation, the efficiency of water splitting process (i.e. the photocurrent) did not changed significantly (±5%), indicating the high stability of photoanode and tightly deposited CQDs@α-Fe2O3 on Ti substrate, which was confirmed by FE-SEM image of the sample after the experiment. The formation of carbon-oxygen chemical bonds between CQDs and hematite molecules was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, based on XRD pattern and photoresponses of various photoanodes annealed at different temperatures, the results showed that the structure design is as significant as crystallinity in hematite-based photoelectrodes.

A very simple and well-controlled procedure was employed to prepare CdS nanoparticles/few-layer MoS2 nanosheets/Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film heterostructures. To tune and fabricate the CdS/MoS2(t)/ITO thin films with various surface topographies, at first the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to deposit MoS2 nanosheets on ITO substrate under the optimized applying potential (8V) for different deposition times (t) of 30, 60, 120 and 240 s. Then, CdS nanoparticles were deposited via successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The highest photo-current density of 285 µA/cm2 was measured for CdS/MoS2(60s)/ITO sample which was about 2.3 times higher than the value obtained for bare CdS/ITO. The photo-enhancement mechanism of the CdS/MoS2(t)/ITO heterostructures was described using a stochastic model. The results showed that the CdS/MoS2(60s)/ITO electrode exhibited the highest roughness exponent (2α=0.67) with the smoothest nanometric fluctuations resulting in the best wetting property, the highest interaction between the electrolyte and the sample surface leading to the highest PEC activity. On the other hand, the samples with small α possess rough and nanometric-jagged fluctuations. The air trapping inside these microscopic surface fluctuations reduces the wettability as well as surface interaction between the sample and the electrolyte, resulting in low photo-current density.

Background and Objectives: Nurses in their daily practice need acceptable level of ethical development. There is few literature about ethical development of Iranian nurses. The aims of present study are to determine the level ethical development in nurses and its related factors. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study conducted in 2010. The study sample consisted of 269 nurses working in three training-treatment hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. These nurses selected by census sampling method. For assessing the ethical development of nurses, nursing dilemma test was used. This questionnaire was designed based on Kohlbergs’ theory of ethical development and assessed ethical development in pre-convetional, conventional and post-convetional levels. The data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Forty four nurses (16.3%) were in pre-conventional level, 86 nurses (31.8%) were in conventional level, 116 nurses (43.1%) were in post-conventional level, and 23 nurses (8.5%) were in clinical consideration level. There was negative significant correlation between ethical development of nurses with their job experience. Conclusion: In spite of this fact that near half of nurses are at postconventional level, but still a significant number of them are at lower levels of ethical development. These findings indicate that nursing managers should pay more attention to ethical development of nurses