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Imaging of multiples, as a supplement to imaging of primaries, can provide a wider range of subsurface illumination. Therefore, it can provide more detailed information on subsurface structures. However, imaging of multiples suffers from crosstalk issues generated by unrelated events. Many strategies have been proposed to attenuate crosstalk, among which the angle domain Radon crosstalk attenuation algorithm achieves good application effect. In the angle domain, the true imaging is flat, while the crosstalk events have moveouts. Therefore, it is convenient to identify the crosstalk in angle gathers using the Radon transform. However, the conventional Radon transform lacks a quantitative description for crosstalk in angle gathers, which would affect the accuracy of crosstalk attenuation. In this paper, residual moveout kernels are derived with a Radon transform to attenuate crosstalk in angle gathers for imaging of multiples. First, two types of residual moveout (RMO) equations are derived based on the causality of crosstalk. A three-layer model is used to verify the correctness of the analytical solutions. Then, based on the derived equations, the two types of crosstalk can be attenuated respectively in the Radon domain. Synthetic experiments demonstrate that the derived RMO equations can effectively attenuate the crosstalk events in imaging of multiples.

With the development of information communication technology (ICT), telemedicine has become a promising option for patients with chronic diseases who need continuous monitoring at home or in remote health care facilities. As cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for an estimated 17.9 million deaths globally each year, it is appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine for the health care management of CVD patients.The Library of Congress, LISTA (EBSCO), PubMed (NLM), and Web of Science databases were searched with a date limitation from 1 January 2000 until 5 August 2021 for Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies. Two independent researchers screened the records for inclusion and extracted the data for synthesis, supported by RevMan 5.0 software. As one of the clinical outcomes, the mean difference and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure were synthesized. For the Quality-of-life measures, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) scores were also synthesized and for the depression level, CESD-10 scores were synthesized.We identified 23 studies for qualitative analysis and 21 studies for quantitative analysis. 21 studies included systolic blood pressure as an outcome measure and the results show a statistical difference (P0.05) between the intervention group and the control group and a favorable inclination toward the Telemedicine enhanced health care program over the usual care. Of the six studies that included body mass index (BMI) as an outcome measure, there was no significant difference in BMI between the telemedicine and usual health care groups. A total of five studies assessed patients' quality of life using the EQ-5D instrument. After excluding one study following the sensitivity analysis, telemedicine was shown to significantly improve patients' quality of life. Three studies that investigated patients' mental health (CSE-D-10) also showed a significantly beneficial effect of telemedicine over usual health care.This review found limited evidence to support some of the outcomes in the original study designs. Overall, our findings suggested a favorable effect of telemedicine intervention in the field of health care for CVD patients. Due to the unavoidable heterogeneity within the selected literature, a more detailed investigation and analysis of the unclear outcomes is recommended.

This paper studies the microstructure and mechanical properties of MIG (Melt Inert Gas) lap welded 6005 aluminum alloy plates. Microstructure analysis (OM) of the joint showed that 15~30 μm small grains were observed at the fusion line. Mechanical analysis shows that the small grains are broken by shielding gas and molten pool flow force. Hardness test shows that there is a softening zone (41~43 HV) in HAZ much lower than BM and WZ. The low cycle fatigue test showed that the performance of lap joint decreased sharply, and the fatigue strength of weld decreased significantly, which was only 27.34% of the base metal. The fatigue fracture (SEM) of the weld observed slip band cracking and a large number of brittle fracture characteristics. Using the stress concentration factor Kt for analysis, it was found that the cause of brittle fracture was mostly stress concentration. Lap joint stress concentration model appears in two ways: firstly, at the weld toe, the weld is subjected to eccentric force, secondly, there is a small gap between the two plates at the weld root, which cracks along the direction of 45° of the maximum shear stress.

The interaction and compression of the similariton beam generated in a mode-locked similariton laser system and compressed in a DDF (dispersion-decreasing fiber) with negative dispersion is investigated in this paper. First, a quality factor R is established to evaluate the quality of compressed similariton beams to design optimum tapered DDF. The result shows that the hyperbolically tapered DDF can achieve a best R compared to the linearly tapered DDF, exponentially tapered DDF, Gaussian tapered DDF, cosinoidally tapered DDF and logarithmically tapered DDF. Then, a pedestal energy ratio PE and a compression quality parameter Q are further established to evaluate the quality of compressed output beams considering the pulses with and without interaction by adjusting the time-delay q0 between the pulse pairs in a hyperbolically tapered DDF. Finally, we obtain the optimum compressed pulse pair both considering q0 = 4ps and q0 = 2.6ps, the pedestal energy ratios are 3.0048% and 13.4306%, maximum compression quality parameters are 454.3059 and 293.1326, the corresponding FWHM and peak power are 177.3fs and 302.2695W, 189.7fs and 249.4017W, respectively, demonstrating efficient and high-quality similariton beam compression.

The generation of effective ultra-short laser pulses in the picosecond pulse range is very important for modern communication. This paper firstly investigates a combined dispersion-decreasing fiber (DDF) loop mirror consisting of a fourth-order super-Gaussian DDF and a Gaussian DDF. First, the transmission principle of the designed fiber loop mirror is analyzed theoretically. Secondly, the influence of the total fiber length on pulse compression is studied to obtain an optimal total fiber length. Then the length ratio of the two optical fibers in the loop mirror is analyzed and optimized to achieve a high-quality ultra-short output pulse. The results show that the optimal output pulse with no pedestal and a high compression factor of F=49.6 can be obtained at the total fiber length L=4.3km and the combined fiber length ratio of the fourth-order super-Gaussian DDF and the Gaussian DDF is equal to 0.102. Compared with the traditional DDF loop mirror, the compression factor is increased by 18.5 times, achieving a high-quality compressed pulse with higher compression factor.

In the cleaning field of the cosmetics industry, amino acid surfactants with low irritation and degradability have attracted more and more attention. However, in the actual application system, the ...

Bladder cancer (BC) is a commonly occurring malignant tumor affecting the urinary tract. Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) constitute the largest transcription factor family in the human genome and are therefore attractive biomarker candidates for BC prognosis. In this study, we profiled the expression of ZNFs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohort and developed a novel prognostic signature based on 7 ZNF-coding genes. After external validation of the model in the GSE48276 dataset, we integrated the 7-ZNF-gene signature with patient clinicopathological data to construct a nomogram that forecasted 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS with good predictive accuracy. We then accessed The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database to predict the therapeutic drug responses of signature-defined high- and low-risk BC patients in the TCGA cohort. Greater sensitivity to chemotherapy was revealed in the low-risk group. Finally, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis of the signature genes and established, by applying the ESTIMATE algorithm, distinct correlations between the two risk groups and the presence of stromal and immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment. By allowing effective risk stratification of BC patients, our novel ZNF gene signature may enable tailoring more intensive treatment for high-risk patients.

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the mucus layer, but its potential in intestinal inflammatory diseases has sparked controversy. It is well known that both the consumption of fructose-containing beverages and psychological stress increase the risk of intestinal disease. Our results revealed that a high-fructose diet aggravated the damage to the jejunal mucosal barrier caused by restraint stress, reduced tight junction protein expression and the intestinal digestion and absorption capacity, disrupted the ability of Paneth cells to secrete antimicrobial peptides, and promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines. A. muciniphila colonization enhanced the defense function of the mucosal barrier by enhancing the function of the NLRP6, promoting autophagy, maintaining the normal secretion of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells, promoting the expression of tight junction proteins, negatively regulating the NF-kB signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our work indicates that A. muciniphila ameliorates the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier under high fructose and restraint stress. These results provided a rationale for the development of probiotic colonization for the prevention or treatment of intestinal diseases.

The microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely prescribed for the treatment of various tumor types. The main adverse effect of PTX-mediated therapy is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and neuropathic pain, which are similar to the adverse effects associated with other chemotherapeutic agents. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain primary sensory neurons; any damage to these neurons or their axons may lead to neuropathic pain. To gain molecular and neurobiological insights into the peripheral sensory system under conditions of PTX-induced neuropathic pain, we used transcriptomic analysis to profile mRNA and non-coding RNA expression in the DRGs of adult male C57BL/6 mice treated using PTX. RNA sequencing and in-depth gene expression analysis were used to analyze the expression levels of 67,228 genes. We identified 372 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the DRGs of vehicle- and PTX-treated mice. Among the 372 DEGs, there were 8 mRNAs, 3 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 16 circular RNAs (circRNAs), and 345 microRNAs (miRNAs). Moreover, the changes in the expression levels of several miRNAs and circRNAs induced by PTX have been confirmed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. In addition, we compared the expression levels of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNA in the DRGs of mice with PTX-induced neuropathic pain against those evaluated in other models of neuropathic pain induced by other chemotherapeutic agents, nerve injury, or diabetes. There are dozens of shared differentially expressed miRNAs between PTX and diabetes, but only a few shared miRNAs between PTX and nerve injury. Meanwhile, there is no shared differentially expressed mRNA between PTX and nerve injury. In conclusion, herein, we show that treatment with PTX induced numerous changes in miRNA expression in DRGs. Comparison with other neuropathic pain models indicates that DEGs in DRGs vary greatly among different models of neuropathic pain.

In this study, metal inert gas welding (MIG) was applied to 4 mm thick 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy welding. Compared with other parts, the hardness of the weld zone (WZ) was the lowest, about 67 HV. There was the Softening in WZ, which might make WZ the weakest zone. Then, fatigue tests were carried out on MIG welded joints. All the fatigue specimens fractured at the weld toe of the lap joint, and the fracture was characterized by a cleavage fracture. Crack closure induced by oxide was observed during the steady propagation of the fatigue crack. Impurities hindered crack propagation, changed the direction of crack propagation, and appeared in stepped fatigue strip distribution morphology; in the process of the main crack propagation, the initiation and propagation of small cracks were easily restricted and hindered by the main crack, which slowed down the propagation rate and even stopped the propagation directly.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is an apolipoprotein involved in lipid metabolism and is primarily responsible for lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study is to explore the role of ApoE in the pathological development of neuropathic pain. First, we examined the location of ApoE in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord in male mice using immunohistochemistry, and found that ApoE was predominantly expressed in DRG satellite glial cells (SGCs) and macrophages and spinal cord astrocytes. Using a spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain mouse model, we found that nerve injury caused an increase in ApoE expression in the injured DRGs, but not in the spinal cord after SNL surgery. Furthermore, we observed reduced SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity in ApoE knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the Apoe gene sequence, which was microinjected into the DRG or administered intrathecally, not only reduced ApoE expression in DRG but also attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Finally, we found that a tyrosine kinase receptor AXL, which was previously demonstrated to contribute to neuropathic pain, may mediate ApoE function under neuropathic pain condition. In conclusion, our data suggest that ApoE in DRG promote pain hypersensitivity via the DRG membrane receptor AXL in neurons under neuropathic pain conditions. This study revealed a novel mechanism between lipid homeostasis and neuropathic pain.

Background. MSC-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs) exhibit a protective functional role in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI). Recent studies have revealed that mitophagy could be a potential target process in the treatment of RIRI. However, whether MSC-derived EVs are involved in the regulation of mitophagy in RIRI remains largely unknown to date. Methods. RIRI model was established in vivo in mice by subjecting them to renal ischemia/reperfusion. TCMK-1 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stimulation to mimic RIRI in vitro. BMSCs and BMSC-derived EVs were isolated and identified. Renal injury was assessed using H&E staining. The qPCR and western blot analyses were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis. The EVs, autophagosomes, and mitochondria were observed using TEM. The colocalization of autophagosomes with mitochondria was confirmed through the confocal assay. The direct binding of miR-223-3p to NLRP3 was validated through the dual-luciferase assay. Results. BMSCs and BMSC-derived EVs were successfully isolated from mice and identified. The protective effect of BMSC-derived EVs against RIRI was validated both in vitro and in vivo, which was indicated by a decrease in apoptosis and inflammasome activation and an increase in mitophagy. However, this protective effect was impaired in the miR-223-3p-depleted EVs, suggesting that miR-223-3p mediated this protective effect. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that miR-223-3p suppressed inflammasome activation to enhance mitophagy by directly targeting NLRP3. Conclusion. In conclusion, the protective role of BMSC-derived EVs and exosome-delivered miR-223-3p in RIRI was validated. Exogenous miR-223-3p directly targeted NLRP3 to attenuate inflammasome activation, thereby promoting mitophagy.

In this paper, 316L stainless steel powder was processed and formed by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure of the sample was studied using an optical microscope, and the fatigue failure of the sample and the characteristics of crack initiation and propagation were analyzed, providing a research basis for the application of SLM-316L. Due to the influence of microstructure and SLM process defects, the fatigue cracks of SLM-316L mainly emerged due to defects such as lack of fusion and pores, while the cracks of rolled 316L initiated at the inclusions near the surface of the specimen. After fatigue microcrack initiation of the SLM-316L specimen, due to the existence of shear stress and tear stress, the crack tip was passivated and Z-shaped propagation was formed. The existence of internal defects in SLM-316L made the microcrack initiation random and diverse. At the same time, the existence of defects affected the crack propagation in the form of bending, bifurcation and bridge, which made the main crack propagation deviate from the maximum load direction.

Silibinin, a major component of milk thistle extract silymarin, promotes hypoglycemia by activating estrogen receptor (ER) α and β-mediated pathways in pancreatic β-cells. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the enteroendocrine peptide produced in L-cells, and it controls glucose homeostasis through multiple pathways. The effect of silibinin on L-cell mass and function is still unknown.The protective effect of silibinin on palmitate (PA)-treated intestinal L-cell line GLUTag cells and the SHRSP•Z-Leprfa/Izm-Dmcr (SP•ZF) diabetic rat model was investigated in current study.After pre-incubation with 50 μM silibinin for 4 h, GLUTag cells were treated with 0.125 mM PA. MTT, Annexin V/PI apoptosis, Hoechst 33342 staining, western blot, DCFH-DA, GLP-1 ELISA, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses were undertaken to determine ER-dependent protection of silibinin against PA-induced cellular damage. The differential protein expression of GLUTag cells under different treatments was examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The SP•ZF diabetic rat model was chosen for in vivo study. After 4 weeks of gastric gavage with 100 or 300 mg kgThe current study showed that the GLUTag cells preincubated with silibinin activated the transcription factor nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant pathway, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and improved cell survival and GLP-1 content, while the antioxidative effect of silibinin was blocked by the selective ERα antagonist MPP or ERβ antagonist PHTPP in GLUTag cells. Our proteomics data further revealed that ERα or β inactivation reduced glutathione peroxide and proteins associated with endocytosis and reproduction, thus at least partially reversing the protective effect of silibinin. SP•ZF rats received silibinin treatment showed increased serum GLP-1 content and improved glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, silibinin upregulated ERα and β levels and reduced the level of 8-OHdG in GLP-1-positive cells.Our study showed that silibinin improved L-cell mass and function through an ER-mediated antioxidant pathway, and the proteomics analysis revealed for the first time the differential regulation of proteins by PA and silibinin in GLUTag cells.

Odor perception is an important part of intelligent perception. Odor is usually composed of a variety of different odor substances, and its olfactory perception labels are rich and diverse, and the odor characterization is complex. The large spatial dimension of odor labels causes difficulties and challenges in odor prediction. Exploring the inherent relationship is very important for processing the odor labels. Aiming at the problem of large dimension in label space and information redundancy, this paper proposes an odor label compressing method based on the extraction of odor molecule descriptors by random forest. The experimental verification of 32 high-dimensional odor labels proposed by Lin shows that this method can utilize molecular descriptors’ correlation to achieve the compression of the original scent label space.

D phase emulsification method was applied to prepare nano-emulsions in the Span 80-Tween 80/glycerin/water/mineral oil system. The phase behavior of this system during the entire emulsification process and the stability of the prepared emulsions were investigated by means of a pseudo-ternary phase experimental design. A possible emulsification mechanism was preliminarily proposed on the basis of our experimental results. It was found that the special self-assembled structure of the D phase and its capability for oil phase were the crucial factors in the D phase emulsification. Firstly, the surfactant alignment of the D phase was beneficial to the formation of small oil droplets in the O/D phase. Then, a quick movement of the surfactants toward the oil-water interface was critical for preparing nano-emulsions. Furthermore, the stability of the nano-emulsions during storage (30 days) was predominantly related to the addition amount of surfactants. The higher the content of surfactant in the system, the more stable the nano-particle interface film was formed. The stable interface film avoids the aggregation of the particles due to the thermal motion of the molecules, and the nano-particles could remain stable during storage.

As a cationic non-viral gene delivery vector, poly(agmatine/ N, N'-cystamine-bis-acrylamide) (AGM-CBA) showed significantly higher plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection ability than polyethylenimine (PEI) in NIH/3T3 cells. The transfection expression of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes was found to have a non-linear relationship with AGM-CBA/pDNA weight ratios. To further investigate the mechanism involved in the transfection process of poly(AGM-CBA), we used pGL3-control luciferase reporter gene (pLUC) as a reporter pDNA in this study. The distribution of pLUC in NIH/3T3 cells and nuclei after AGM-CBA/pLUC and PEI/pLUC transfection were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The intracellular trafficking of the polyplexes was evaluated by cellular uptake and nuclei delivery of pLUC, and the intracellular availability was evaluated by the ratio of transfection expression to the numbers of pLUC delivered in nuclei. It was found that pLUC intracellular trafficking did not have any correlation with the transfection expression, while an excellent correlation was found between the nuclei pLUC availability and transfection expression. These results suggested that the intracellular availability of pLUC in nuclei was the rate-limiting step for pLUC transfection expression. Further optimization of the non-viral gene delivery system can be focused on the improvement of gene intracellular availability.

Large- and extra-large-pore zeolites have potential use in catalytic conversions of large molecules and thus attracted great attention in the fields of materials chemistry, catalysis and industry. In this study, a large-pore germanosilicate zeolite ITQ-26 with intersecting 12 × 12 × 12 pores was prepared by using an easily-obtained organic cation 1,2-dimethyl-3-(2-fluorobenzyl)-imidazolium or 1-methyl-3-(2-fluorobenzyl)-imidazolium as a structure-directing agent (SDA). The prepared ITQ-26 was characterized by means of synchrotron radiation, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, liquid and solid 13C/19F/29Si MAS NMR, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and N2 sorption analyses. Compared to those prepared by using phosphonium cations as SDAs, ITQ-26 prepared in this work has a larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume. The germanium in ITQ-26 could be partially substituted by silicon during the post-synthetic modification treatment. Furthermore, it is shown that, like several recently-reported large- and extra-large-pore zeolites such as NUD-1, NUD-2, ITQ-37, ITQ-29, etc., the organic cations in the synthetic gel likely self-assemble into supramolecules, which act as structure-direction agents in the formation of ITQ-26. This work not only provides a facile method to prepare ITQ-26, but also demonstrates a potentially general, and useful approach to prepare new large and extra-large pore zeolites.

Financial markets are vital to the capitalist economies and often volatile and hard to predict. This work compares the performance of different time–series models in predicting close price movement for 30 listed stocks from the Dow Johns Industrial Average (DIJA). The mechanisms of autoregressive moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural network (ANN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short–term memory (LSTM) are briefly explained in the essay. Comparison results suggest that LSTM and sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq) model with attention estimates fit the price movement pattern well with relatively low latency. Built upon LSTM, Seq2Seq models exhibit good performance in forecasting. The vanilla Seq2Seq model is compared with Seq2Seq with attention in forecasting price several days in the future. Seq2Seq with attention outperforms other models and is capable of generating sequential predictions.

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common tumor of the urinary system. Nowadays, Immunotherapy is a hot topic in the treatment of solid tumors, especially for those tumors with pre-activated immune state. Methods In this study, we downloaded genomic and clinical data of RCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Four immune-related genetic signatures were used to predict the prognosis of RCC by Cox regression analysis. We selected the most relevant genes from each signature to construct a prognostic risk model to predict prognosis via Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. And subgroups of the TCGA samples and external data from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database were used to verify predictive stability of the model. We performed landscape analysis to assess the difference of gene mutant based on the data from TCGA. Finally, we explored the correlation between the selected genes and the level of tumor immune infiltration via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) platform. Results We found that the four prognostic risk models constructed by the signatures all could divide the RCC samples into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different prognosis, especially in advanced RCC. And the prognostic risk model was constructed by 8 candidate genes (HLA-B, HLA-A, HLA-DRA, IDO1, TAGAP, CIITA, PRF1 and CD8B) which divided the advanced RCC samples from TCGA database into high-risk and low-risk groups. And there was a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups. The validity of the model was verified by independent data from ICGC database. And the classification efficiency of the model was stable for the samples from different subgroups. landscape analysis showed that mutation ratios of some genes were different between two risk groups. In addition, the expression levels of the selected genes were significantly correlated with the infiltration degree of immune cells in the advanced RCC. Conclusions Sum up, eight immune-related genes were screened in our study to construct prognostic risk model with great predictive value for the prognosis of advanced RCC, and the genes were associated with infiltrating immune cells in tumors which have potential to conduct personalized treatment for advanced RCC.

IDM-1 is a new silica zeolite with an ordered and well-defined framework constructed by alternating pentasil layers and interrupted layers, giving rise to an intersecting system of straight medium pores and undulating extra-large lobed pores. This unique structure was solved by rotation electron diffraction and refined against synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Despite the presence of both Si(OSi)3(OH) and Si(OSi)2(OH)2 sites, this new zeolite presents high thermal stability, withstanding calcination even to 1000ºC. The location of defects at specific sites of the structure results in alternating hydrophobic SiO2 and hydrophilic SiO(2-x)(OH)2x intracrystalline regions. This peculiar combination of intersecting medium and extra-large pores and alternating regions of different chemical character may provide this zeolite with unique catalytic properties.

Extra-large-pore zeolites for processing large molecules have long been sought after by both the academia and industry. However, the synthesis of these materials, particularly extra-large-pore pure silica zeolites, remains a big challenge. Herein we report the synthesis of a new extra-large-pore silica zeolite, designated NUD-6, by using an easily synthesized aromatic organic cation as structure-directing agent. NUD-6 possesses an intersecting 16×8×8-membered ring pore channel system constructed by four-connected (Q4 ) and unusual three-connected (Q3 ) silicon species. The organic cations in NUD-6 can be removed in nitric acid to yield a porous material with high surface area and pore volume. The synthesis of NUD-6 presents a feasible means to prepare extra-large pore silica zeolites by using assembled aromatic organic cations as structure-directing agents.

In the application of additive manufacturing, it is inevitable to use some formed parts with a smaller height. The analysis of various mechanical properties of these formed parts is the focus of research. In this paper, the fatigue performance of a titanium alloy specimen with a 10 mm height and electron beam selective melting is studied. By analyzing the structure and phase of the overall fatigue specimen, and then cutting the overall specimen parallel and perpendicular to the additive manufacturing direction, the tensile and fatigue tests in different directions are performed to detect the fatigue cracks at the fracture propagation the way to research. It is found that there are two ways of secondary crack propagation between fatigue bands, and three cracks are generated during the fatigue secondary crack propagation.

A short imidazolium based dication, with only three methylene units in the space linker, selectively directs the crystallization towards zeolite HPM-12 (*UOE) as long as there is enough germanium present in the synthesis gel. The integrity of the dication is proved by dissolution of the zeolite and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, where significant effects of organic concentration and presence and concentration of HF need to be taken into account. In the as-made HPM-12 zeolite, a large shift of 9 ppm of one resonance in the 13C MAS NMR is due to the particular conformation of the dication imposed by confinement in the zeolite framework, as found by DFT calculations. The structure-directing ability of this kind of dications with varying length of the linker suggests that matching of the distance between positive charges (imidazolium moieties) and negative charges (double four rings in which fluoride resides) plays a crucial role during crystallization.

[EN] A short imidazolium based dication, with only three methylene units in the spacer linker, selectively directs the crystallization of zeolite HPM-12 (?UOE) as long as there is enough germanium present in the synthesis gel. The integrity of the dication is proved by dissolution of the zeolite and H and C NMR spectroscopy, where significant effects of organic dication concentration and the presence and concentration of HF need to be taken into account. For the as-made HPM-12 zeolite, a large shift of 9 ppm of one resonance in the C MAS NMR spectrum is due to the particular conformation of the dication imposed by confinement in the zeolite framework, as found by DFT calculations. The structure-directing ability of this kind of dication with varying length of the linker suggests that matching of the distance between positive charges (imidazolium moieties) and negative charges (double four rings in which fluoride resides) plays a crucial role during crystallization., The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the EU's Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under projects MAT2016-77496-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and MAT2015-71117-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). We acknowledge the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). P.L. is grateful to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for a fellowship and to the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics for permission to leave. Centro Técnico Informático-CSIC is acknowledged for running the calculations and Biovia for providing the computational software. We also thank L. A. Villaescusa for helpful comments.

Purpose Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers can be effectively used in the context of medical expulsion therapy (MET) to treat ureteric stones. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of doxazosin in MET relative to placebo or tamsulosin. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese Academic Database, and Web of Science databases to select randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared the use of doxazosin with placebo or tamsulosin to treat ureteric stones. All patients we included were limited to those diagnosed with visible stones in the distal ureter. The diameter of ureteric stones does not exceed 10 mm. Results Eight trials comparing doxazosin with placebo or tamsulosin containing 667 patients were assessed in the final analysis. The meta-analysis showed that doxazosin effectively treated ureteric stones and was better than placebo in terms of efficacy. Relative to the placebo group, the expulsion rate of stones from the distal ureter (OR = 3.00, 95% CI [2.15, 4.19], I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001) was significantly increased, and the expulsion time (days) was shortened (mean difference) (MD) = −4.03, 95% CI [−4.53, −3.53], P < 0.00001). The doxazosin group experienced fewer pain episodes (MD = −0.78, CI = [−0.94, −0.23], I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001) than the placebo group. A subgroup analysis showed that the doxazosin group had a higher expulsion rate (of 5–10 mm stones) compared with the placebo group. Although doxazosin resulted in significantly more adverse effects compared with the placebo, the patient’s symptoms were mild and no further medical interventions were required. Moreover, the expulsion time (days) was shorter for patients receiving doxazosin (MD = −0.61, 95% CI [−0.97, −0.24], I2 = 39%, P = 0.001) than those receiving tamsulosin. Conclusion Compared with the placebo group, patients receiving doxazosin had a greater expulsion rate, a reduced expulsion time, and fewer pain episodes. The expulsion time of doxazosin was shorter than that of tamsulosin.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all human malignancies and is the 9th most common malignancy in Western countries. Due to the development of surgical procedures and the use of novel drugs, survival has been significantly prolonged. However, current challenges include how to diagnose RCC earlier and how to overcome drug resistance. Methods: We explored the relationship between the transcription level of IFI16 and clinical data in RCC through various online databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, HPA, Timer and COEXPEDIA. Results: In comparison with corresponding normal tissues, IFI16 mRNA expression levels were higher in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) tissues. In KIRC, the higher expression of IFI16 was associated with lower overall survival (P = .037). In KIRP, the higher expression IFI16 was associated with lower disease-free survival and overall survival (P = .037 and P = .011). In contrast, the IFI16 expression was negatively correlated with tumor purity in kidney chromophobe, KIRC and KIRP (all P

The development of inorganic frameworks with extra-large pores (larger than 12-membered rings) has attracted considerable attention because of their potential applications in catalysis, the separation of large molecules, and so forth. We herein report the synthesis of the new extra-large-pore zeolite NUD-2 by using the supramolecular self-assembly of simple aromatic organic cations as structure-directing agents (SDAs). NUD-2 is a high-silicon-content germanosilicate with interconnecting 14×10-membered-ring channels. The SDAs in NUD-2 can be removed by calcination in air at 550 °C to yield permanent pores with a BET surface area of 500 m(2) g(-1) . Both germanium and organic cations in NUD-2 can also be removed by treatment with acid at lower temperature, thus not only affording recycling of germanium and SDAs, but also providing a highly stable siliceous zeolite. In addition, aluminum ions can be incorporated into the framework of NUD-2. The NUD-2 structure is yet another extra-large-pore zeolite synthesized by using the supramolecular self-assembling templating approach, thus demonstrating that this approach is a general and applicable strategy for synthesis of new large- and extra-large-pore zeolites.

The chiral germanosilicate zeolite ITQ-37 was prepared using a readily-obtained, semi-rigid achiral organic structure-directing agent (SDA) 1,1′,1′′-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene)tris-(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) (denoted tmbi). The synthetic factors, including crystallization temperature, water content, germanium and tmbi concentrations for the crystallization of ITQ-37, were studied by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, liquid and 13C/19F/29Si solid NMR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results showed that high Ge content, high tmbi concentration and low temperature (150 °C) conditions favor the formation of extra-large pore ITQ-37 when supramolecular interactions between tmbi molecules occur. On the other hand, a much diluted tmbi solution and a higher reaction temperature favor the crystallization of an unknown lamellar phase, wherein tmbi is present as monomers. These studies revealed that supramolecular assemblies of tmbi were formed during the zeolite synthesis and acted as SDAs for crystallization of ITQ-37, providing a general and applicable strategy for synthesizing large and extra-large pore zeolites.

A suitable battery model plays an important role in assisting accurate state estimation for power battery used in electric vehicles. This paper compares the applications of four commonly used machine learning methods (decision tree, k-nearest neighbour, support vector machine and neural network) in lithium-ion battery modeling. The adaptability on working condition, temperature and degradation of above four modeling methods are analysed in detail. Results show that neural network performs best when working condition changes. All the models basically have the same performance on adaptability to temperature. The battery dynamic characteristics change significantly in the aging process and it is necessary to include battery test data under different degradation levels into training sets as to obtain a model that can predict the voltage response accurately in various aging states.

Two axles four wheel drive electric vehicle is an important development tendency of electric vehicle. However, how to coordinate the torque distribution between front and rear axles thus ensuring vehicle stability while maximizing motor’s efficiency still confronts great challenges. In this paper, we propose a three-layer hierarchical control method, which not only incorporates prior engineering knowledge into the control policy so as to relieve computational burden for real-time usage, but also properly deals with the priority between safety and system efficiency. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the derived control policy can ensure high system efficiency when safety is guarenteed. Simultaneously, it can actively decrease the motor torque to improve vehicle stability when wheel slip occurs.

In Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS), the Transient Enclosure Voltage (TEV) would threaten the reliability of secondary devices. Studying the propagation law of TEV can provide reference for suppression method of TEV. In this paper, field measurement and theoretical simulation were taken to study the TEV of a 330kV GIS. At first, the TEV caused by operation of disconnecting switch was measured and analyzed. Then, this paper built a simulating model based on electrical main connection to obtain the TEV under the maximum residual voltage. Finally, a method was proposed to reduce the TEV. The simulation results showed that reducing the grounding inductance can reduce the TEV effectively. The study shows that: (1) The maximum voltage of TEV can reach to 4.9kV, the transient time is among 100ms to 160ms, and the main frequency ranged from 11MHz to 35MHz. the maximum value of TEV does not always appear at the enclosure under out-line bushing in an operation, which is related to the TEV propagation path. (2) The TEV generated by the disconnecting switch near out-line bushing is much more serious than the TEV generated near the bus. The TEV generated during opening operation is more serious than the TEV generated during closing. (3) Reducing the equivalent inductance of grounding can reduce the value of TEV. When the equivalent inductance decrease 40%, the maximum voltage can be reduced by 21%. So reducing the equivalent inductance may be a possible effective way to reduce the value of TEV.

In air-insulated substations, the electromagnetic interference due to the disconnecting switch action is very strong, the most serious of which is the operation of the no-load bus. Electronic instrument transformers are widely used in existing substations, electromagnetic interference will affect its normal operation, and cause the protection device to malfunction. The operation shows that the failure rate of the electronic instrument transformer is very high, which indicates that there are deficiencies in the electromagnetic compatibility monitoring and evaluation prescribed by the existing national standards, and therefore it is necessary to improve. It is difficult to establish a test platform for disconnecting switch operation in actual operation. Therefore, this paper proposes a simulated interference source system of the disconnecting switch, which is exactly in line with the electromagnetic environment produced by the actual disconnecting switch and has various advantages. It is to test the electronic mutual inductance. The electromagnetic compatibility of the device lays the foundation for the research on the standardized test method for the immunity of the electronic instrument transformer.

Extra-large-pore zeolites are a class of important porous materials that have great potential in industrial applications as catalysts, adsorbents, etc. Organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) play a key role in the synthesis of extra-large pore zeolites. In this paper, we designed a cheap, easily available, aromatic OSDA to prepare an extra-large-pore zeolite (named as NUD-5) by using a supramolecular assembly templating (SAT) approach. NUD-5 has a zeolite framework with one-dimensional 14-member-ring pore channels, which is identical to UTD-1. The OSDA in NUD-5 can be completely removed by calcination and Al can also be directly incorporated into the NUD-5 framework during the synthesis, showing advantages over UTD-1. Al-NUD-5 possesses strong acidity and displayed good catalytic performance in the alkylation of benzene with methanol. Structural analysis of NUD-5 revealed that one-dimensional supramolecular assembles of OSDAs acted as a template for the formation of NUD-5, implying the SAT approach is a powerful preparative method to extra-large-pore zeolites.

In this paper, the AC and DC test platforms are set up to study the change regularity of MOA characteristic parameters with various factors and typical faults by online and offline detection methods. The sensitivity and uniqueness of the characteristic parameters are summarized and analyzed to determine the state of MOA or varistors. The test results show that the resistive fundamental current is the most sensitive to the environment temperature and it increases about 2.27 times when the temperature changes from 20 C to 80 C. The resistive fundamental current is also the most sensitive to the change of MOA surface state and it increases about 1.52 times when the equivalent salt deposit density of surface is 0.06mg/cm2, but the DC leakage current is also very sensitive and it increases to 72.0μA. The characteristic parameters change a little after the deterioration test of MOA. The DC reference voltage is the most sensitive to the overvoltage deterioration of MOA and it decreases 6.4% when part of MOA is in the state of severe deterioration. Based on the test results, a qualitative state detection method is put forward.

Synthesis of new zeolites involving organic molecules relies heavily on the trial-and-error approach, because it is difficult to interpret the determining effects of organics on zeolite crystal symmetry. Here, the intrinsic relationships among the space-filling of organics, included volume of channels, and zeolite crystal symmetry, are systematically demonstrated by experimental and computational means. Under controlled conditions, the "dimer" and "monomer" organics of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium selectively direct different, but related, germanosilicates, the ECNU-16 with a new topology and the existing IM-16 with the UOS topology, respectively. The comprehensive computational study reveals that the zeolite phase selectivity is determined by the unique space-filling behavior of the "dimer" and "monomer" organics, which is closely correlated to their rotation freedom, as well as the included volume of host zeolite channels. The elucidation of this crucial space-filling effect from the fundamental viewpoint will provide new guidelines for the rational design and synthesis of new zeolites in future.

In this paper, we study a wireless-powered two-way relay system, in which both wireless-powered sources exchange information through a multi-antenna relay. Both sources are assumed to have no embedded energy supply and thus first need to harvest energy from the radio frequency signals broadcasted by the relay before exchanging their information via the relay. We aim to maximize the sum throughput of both sources by jointly optimizing the time switching duration, the energy beamforming vector and the precoding matrix at the relay. The formulated problem is non-convex and hard to solve in its original form. Motivated by this, we simplify the problem by reducing the number of variables and by decomposing the precoding matrix into a transmit vector and a receive vector. We then propose bisection search, 1-D search and iterative algorithms to optimize each variable. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme can achieve higher throughput than the conventional scheme without optimization on beamforming vector and precoding matrix at the relay.