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吕梁地区在华北克拉通前寒武纪研究中具有重要位置，出露大量的古元古代变质表壳岩和花岗质岩石，对研究华北克拉通古元古代地质演化历史具有重要意义。本次研究选择吕梁地区白家滩花岗片麻岩进行锆石和独居石U-Pb年代学以及锆石Hf同位素研究，2个花岗片麻岩的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2182±16Ma和2185±24Ma，代表了其侵位时代。独居石U-Pb年龄分别为1898±7Ma和1899±14Ma，明显比锆石增生边的谐和207Pb/206Pb年龄（2180~2032Ma）年轻，说明独居石对后期变质作用的响应程度比锆石强，其U-Pb年龄更能反映白家滩花岗片麻岩经历了~1900Ma的退变质作用，与华北克拉通中部造山带的变质作用时间一致。花岗片麻岩的锆石Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄（tDM）为2473~2598Ma，两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄（tDMC）分别为2646~2839Ma，eHf（t）值分布于-1.3~+1.8之间，未显示同期幔源物质的加入，而是新太古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物，结合已有的古元古代中期（2.2~2.1Ga）的岩浆岩锆石Hf同位素数据，华北克拉通新太古代地壳在2.2~2.1Ga期间发生了广泛的重熔作用，这期岩浆活动在华北克拉通吕梁、中条、五台以及胶-辽-吉等地区广泛发育，可能形成于陆内裂谷环境。

Additional file 15: Fig. S8. Enrichment analysis of DEGs for BD accumulation. (A) By comparing G46 with G31, G38 and G42 respectively, 3260 common DEGs were identified. (B) and (C) showed the top 30 GO terms and pathways of significant enrichment of the BDs-related DEGs.

Additional file 11: Fig. S4. KEGG enrichment bubble diagram (G31 vs. G38, G38 vs. G32, G42 vs. G46). (A) and (B) showed the top 30 pathways of significant enrichment of the up-and down- regulated DEGs on KEGG for G31 vs. G38, (C) and (D) showed for G38 vs. G42, and (E) and (F) showed for G42 vs. G46.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. AHSA1 induces proteasome inhibitor resistance in vitro and in vivo. (A) Effects of Bortezomib on cell apoptosis in H929 cells with or without overexpression of AHSA1. (B) The analysis of bortezomib-induced apoptosis. (C) Effects of Bufalin (60nM) on the cell viability in flow MRD-positive peripheral cells from first diagnosed and relapsed MM patients. (D) Photographic images of ARP1 AHSA1 WT/OE xenografts taken from NOD-SCID mice treated with vehicle, BTZ, or ADR. (E) Mean tumor weight in the six experimental groups at day 32 after implantation of MM cells. (F) Western blot analysis of AHSA1 expression of the tumors in the experimental groups. (G) Images of representative HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney from control and 5TMM mouse model with or without Bufalin or KU-177 treatment.

Hydrophobic interactions have been studied before in detail based on hydrophobic polymers, such as polystyrene (PS). Because fluorinated materials have relatively low surface energy, they often show both oleophobicity and hydrophobicity at the macroscopic level. However, it remains unknown how fluorination of hydrophobic polymer influences hydrophobicity at the microscopic level. We synthesized PS and fluorine-substituted PS (FPS) by employing the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. Contact angle measurements confirmed that FPS is more hydrophobic than PS at the macroscopic level due to the introduction of fluorine. However, single molecule force spectroscopy experiments showed that the forces required to unfold the PS and FPS nanoparticles in water are indistinguishable, indicating that the strength of the hydrophobic effect that drives the self-assembly of PS and FPS nanoparticles is the same at the microscopic level. The divergence of hydrophobic effect at the macroscopic and microscopic level may hint different underlying mechanisms: the hydrophobicity is dominated by the solvent hydration at the microscopic level and the surface-associated interaction at the macroscopic level.

Additional file 17: Fig. S10. Identification of organs in DESI-MSI sections. (A–C) Frozen sections selected for DESI-MSI; (D–F) DESI-MSI at a specific mass-to-charge ratio that presents a clear org an position. (a–c) Microscope images of the corresponding parts of A to C. A, D and a representative of the left sagittal sections (sagittal section A); B, E, and b represent the mid-sagittal sections (sagittal section B); C, F, and c represent the horizontal sections (horizontal section C).

Additional file 16: Fig. S9. General overview of the major steps in DESI-MSI in the entire toad at the G46 stage. Step 1. After removing the limbs of the toads (G46 stage), whole-body cryosections were created along the sagittal and horizontal planes. Step 2. Serial tissue sections were collected while performing the optical microscopy and DESI-MSI techniques, and the appropriate sections were then selected for testing. DESI-MSI was performed, including generation of mass spectra and conversion to image, and identification of organs and tissues with optical microscopy.

Additional file 13: Fig. S6. Enrichment analysis of differential lipid-related DEGs. (A) showed the top 30 GO terms of significant enrichment of the differential lipid-related DEGs on GO;(B) showed the top 30 pathways of significant enrichment of the differential lipid-related DEGs on KEGG.

Additional file 12: Fig. S5. Enrichment analysis of DEGs for B. gargarizans metamorphosis. The top 30 GO terms and pathways of significant enrichment for the (A and B) upregulated DEGs and (C and D) downregulated DEGs. The y-axis corresponds to the GO term or KEGG pathway, the x-axis corresponds to the EnrichmentScore, and the size of the point corresponds to the number of differential genes in the term or pathway.

Additional file 9: Fig. S2. Multivariate analysis of the transcriptome in B. gargarizans at different growth stages. (A) The degree of dispersion of the FPKM distribution. The horizontal axis is the sample name, and the vertical axis is for log10(FPKM+1). Box plot elements denote maximum, third quartile, median, first quartile, and minimum. (B) Heatmap for Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) between samples. The horizontal axis represents the sample name, the vertical axis represents the corresponding sample name, and the color denotes the size of the correlation coefficient. (C) Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of the transcriptomic data from the 12 samples. (D and E) Up- and downregulated differential Venn diagram. Each circle represents a comparison group, the numbers outside the overlaps represent the number of specific DEGs of the comparison group, and the numbers in the circle overlaps represent the number of DEGs common to the comparison group.

Additional file 10: Fig. S3. GO enrichment bubble diagram (G31 vs. G38, G38 vs. G42, G42 vs. G46). (A) and (B) showed the top 30 pathways of significant enrichment of the upregulated and downregulated DEGs on GO for G31 vs. G38, (C) and (D) showed for G38 vs. G42, and (E) and (F) showed for G42 vs. G46.

Additional file 8: Fig. S1. Cumulative lipids composition.

Additional file 14: Fig. S7. Results of RT-qPCR.

Land is a complex system of production, ecology, economy, and ecology, which constitutes the basis of human survival and development. In the current land environment, most of China’s land development and utilization are focused on economic interests, while ignoring the environmental impact, which leads to the increase of land use intensity and the increasing pressure on the land environment. In recent years, the research on land ecological security evaluation is deepening, and many land ecological security evaluation methods and genetic network algorithms are proposed. However, due to the complexity and diversity of soil environmental security, the theoretical research of land environmental security evaluation is still the central topic of researchers in related fields. This paper makes an in-depth study of resource situation analysis based on cloud computing monitoring platform, and analyzes the related research needs, including advanced cloud computing monitoring technology, cloud resource trend prediction model, data collection technology, correlation analysis technology, and basic big data estimation algorithm. This paper designs a situation analysis system on cloud computing real-time data monitoring platform, including the module for analyzing resource situation, the module for recording resource data, and the external display module. This paper proposes a new method to estimate the performance of big data stream. Based on this method, we can create a performance calculator to calculate the target source and IP address of each node more efficiently, real time, and accurately in cloud monitoring. In this paper, the land ecological security evaluation method and genetic network algorithm are proposed, which are applied to the cloud computing real-time data monitoring platform, and promote the vigorous development of cloud computing monitoring platform.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation and ankylosis primarily at the cartilage–bone interface. The disease is more common in young males and risk factors include both genetic and environmental. While the pathogenesis of AS is not completely understood, it is thought to be an immune-mediated disease involving inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and human leukocyte antigen-B27. Currently, there is no specific diagnostic technique available for this disease; therefore conventional diagnostic approaches such as clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging techniques are used. There are various review papers that have been published on conventional treatment approaches, and in this review work, we focus on the more promising nanomedicine-based treatment modalities to move this field forward.

The information sharing among vehicles provides intelligent transport applications in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), such as self-driving and traffic awareness. However, due to the openness of the wireless communication (e.g., DSRC), the integrity, confidentiality and availability of information resources are easy to be hacked by illegal access, which threatens the security of the related IoV applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Risk Prediction-Based Access Control model, named RPBAC, which assigns the access rights to a node by predicting the risk level. Considering the impact of limited training datasets on prediction accuracy, we first introduce the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) in our risk prediction module. The GAN increases the items of training sets to train the Neural Network, which is used to predict the risk level of vehicles. In addition, focusing on the problem of pattern collapse and gradient disappearance in the traditional GAN, we develop a combined GAN based on Wasserstein distance, named WCGAN, to improve the convergence time of the training model. The simulation results show that the WCGAN has a faster convergence speed than the traditional GAN, and the datasets generated by WCGAN have a higher similarity with real datasets. Moreover, the Neural Network (NN) trained with the datasets generated by WCGAN and real datasets (NN-WCGAN) performs a faster speed of training, a higher prediction accuracy and a lower false negative rate than the Neural Network trained with the datasets generated by GAN and real datasets (NN-GAN), and the Neural Network trained with the real datasets (NN). Additionally, the RPBAC model can improve the accuracy of access control to a great extent.

The Er 3+ and Yb 3+ co-doped Sc 2 O 3 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. The phase structure and up-conversion properties were investigated using XRD, FESEM and up-conversion spectra. The nanoparticles with the size of about 40 nm emitted red and green light. Yb 3+ ions are crucial to adjust the intensity proportion of red and green emission as a sensitizer. In Er 3+ , Yb 3+ co-doping samples, the red emissions are much higher than green and the intensity ratio is up to 56.43, while the green to red intensity ratio is 11.21 with Er 3+ single doping, which both show excellent mono-chromaticity. Strong red emissions are attributed to the cross-relaxation energy transfer and energy back-transfer processes. High Yb 3+ ions concentrations induce the red up-conversion saturation, resulting in a near linear laser power dependence, and it can be illustrated based on steady-state rate equations.

Yanhai Xi,1,* Tingwang Jiang,2,* Birendra Chaurasiya,3 Yanyan Zhou,1 Jiangmin Yu,1 Jiankun Wen,1 Yan Shen,3 Xiaojian Ye,1 Thomas J Webster4 1Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaojian YeDepartment of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Shanghai, MA 200003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 1 381 734 6934Email xjyespine@smmu.edu.cnThomas J WebsterDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USATel +1 617 373 6585Email th.webster@neu.eduAbstract: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation and ankylosis primarily at the cartilage–bone interface. The disease is more common in young males and risk factors include both genetic and environmental. While the pathogenesis of AS is not completely understood, it is thought to be an immune-mediated disease involving inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and human leukocyte antigen-B27. Currently, there is no specific diagnostic technique available for this disease; therefore conventional diagnostic approaches such as clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging techniques are used. There are various review papers that have been published on conventional treatment approaches, and in this review work, we focus on the more promising nanomedicine-based treatment modalities to move this field forward.Keywords: ankylosing spondylitis, pathogenesis, genetic factors, environmental factors, treatment approaches

Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997 (Figs. 1–12) Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997: 58, 64. Holotype: ♂, China: Hubei, Shennongjia; NKUM. Urostylis koreana Kim & Jung, 2018 in Kim et al. (2018: 446, 455). Holotype: ♂, South Korea: Sejong, Geumnam-myeon, Donam-ri; CNU. New subjective synonym. Urostylis hubeiensis: Rider (2006: 113) (catalogue, distribution). Diagnosis. Externally similar (Figs. 1–2, 4–5) and apparently phylogenetically closely related to U. yangi Maa, 1947, sharing the combination of a pale and mostly concolorously punctured dorsum decorated with large, coarse, scattered black punctures in area enclosed by medial furrow and cubitus (relatively sparse between R+M and Cu, denser between R+M and medial furrow) of fore wing; scape being provided with a black longitudinal fascia on its lateral surface; genital capsule of male being provided with a pair of short and blunt dorsolateral and a single dorsally or dorsoventrally directed, apically excised ventromedian projection with its tip approximately reaching level of dorsolateral projections in lateral view (Figs. 7–9); and ventrite VII of the female not being produced posteriad below ovipositor, leaving valvifers VIII fully exposed (Figs. 10–11). The differences of the two species are summarized in Table 1. The genitalia of U. yangi were figured by Maa (1947: 131, figs. 32–35), Hsiao & Ching (1977: 196, figs. 981–982), and Ren (1988: 45: fig. 14); the male holotype and female allotype (both deposited in IZAS) together with about 60 additional non-types of both sexes from Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Fujian Provinces of China (deposited in NKUM and IZAS) have been examined. Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997 Urostylis yangi Maa, 1947 1 corium with a series of rather regularly arranged, series along claval furrow composed of concolorous punctures, closely placed, medium-sized black punctures forming not appearing as a contrasting, conspicuous line (Hsiao & a straight line along claval furrow (Figs. 1, 4) Ching 1977: 196, fig. 980) 2 posteromedian process of genital capsule directed posteromedian process of genital capsule directed obliquely nearly dorsad (Fig. 7), its lateral outlines subparallel or posterodorsad, enclosing an angle of about 45° with slightly concave at two sides in posterior view (Fig. 8) longitudinal axis of body (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 34), its lateral outlines distinctly convex at two sides therefore broadened at its middle in posterior view (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 33; Ren 1988: 45, fig. 14) 3 posterior outline of genital capsule below posterolateral posterior outline of genital capsule below posterolateral process broadly convex, enclosing a narrow, U-shaped process distinctly, broadly emarginate, enclosing a broad, V- interspace with anterior margin of posteromedian shaped interspace with anterior margin of posteromedian projection in lateral view (Fig. 7) projection in lateral view (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 34) 4 laterotergites IX relatively long, distinctly surpassing laterotergites IX short, posteromedian portions completely posterior extremities of valvifers VIII both in ventral concealed by posterior portions of valvifers VIII in ventral, (Fig. 10) but particularly in posteroventral (Fig. 11) narrowly exposed posteriad of valvifers VIII in posteroventral view; posteromesal portion of laterotergite IX view; laterotergite IX more or less transversely truncate, surpassing posterolateral portion of same sclerite posteromesal portion not conspicuously surpassing posteriorly posterolateral portion of same sclerite posteriorly (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 35) Distribution. So far the species has been known only from Gansu, Shaanxi and Hubei Provinces of China, but it is rare in collections; now the Korean Peninsula is added to its range (Fig. 12). It is likely distributed all over the warm temperate deciduous-broadleaf forest zone of Central and Eastern China, but juding from the fact that it has not been reported from the thoroughly explored Russian Far East (Kerzhner 1966, Kanyukova 1988), it probably does not extend farther to the north into the mixed and boreal zones, its occurrence in Manchuria is therefore unlikely. Type material examined. Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997. Holotype : ♂, “ [ch, pr] [ch, hw] \ 900–1000m [hw] \ [ch, pr]”, “1981. V. 27 [hw] \ [ch, pr]” “ Urostylis [hw] \ hubeiensis [hw] \ Ren, sp. nov. [hw] \ [ch, pr] 96 [hw]”; pinned, left eye and anterolateral portion of pronotum at left side damaged by museum beetles but otherwise intact (Figs. 1–3, 7–9). Allotype: ♀, “ [ch, pr] [ch, hw] \ [ch, hw] 920m [hw] \ [ch, pr]”, “1981. VIII. 29 [hw] \ [ch, pr]” “ Urostylis [hw] \ hubeiensis [hw] \ Ren, sp. nov [hw] \ [ch, pr] 1996. VII. [hw]”; pinned, distiflagellum of left antenna lacking (Figs. 4–6, 10–11). Paratype ?: ♂, “ [ch, pr] [ch, hw] \ [ch, hw] 900m [hw] \ [ch, pr]”, “1981. VI. 18 [hw] \ [ch, hw] \ [ch, pr]” “ PARATYPE [yellow, pr]”, “ ♂ ” [yellow, hw]; pinned, both flagella, left mid leg, tarsal segments II–III of right mid leg, tibia and tarsus of left hind leg lacking (NKUM). Additional specimens examined. KOREA. Gyeonggi-do: Uiwang-si, Mt. Bara, 22.vi.2015, leg. J.Y. Choi (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee), Pocheon-si, Yeongbuk-myeon, Myeongsangsan, 38°4'23"N 127°19'31"E, 12.vi.2008, leg. J.D. Yeo, M. J. Jeon & H. G. Kim (3 ♀♀ NIBR); Seoul: Gwanak-gu, Bongcheon-dong, 16.vi.2015, leg. H.J. Lee (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee), Gwanak-gu, Sinlim-dong, Mt. Gwanak, 21.vi.2015, leg. J.H. Ko (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee); Gangwon-do: Yanggu-gun, Bangsan-myeon, 23.vii.2008, leg. Y.H. Cho (1 ♂ NIBR); Gyeongsangbuk-do: Gomi Okseong, Dukchon-ri, 14.viii.2009, leg. D.S. Kim (1 ♂ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by D.S. Kim); Gyeongsangnam-do: Hadong-gun, Jingyomyeon, Goryong-ri, Mt. Geumo, 25.vii.2014, leg. H.J. Kim (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by J.S. Park), Geoje-si, Dongbu-myeon, Gucheon-ri, Mt. Noja, 24.vi.2014, leg. J.S. Park (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by J.S. Park), Geoje-si, Yeoncho-myeon, Yeonsa-ri, Mt. Daegeum, 21.vi.2012, leg. H.J. Kim (1 ♂ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by J.S. Park), Geoje-si, Geoje-myeon, Seosang-ri, Mt. Gyeryong, 25.vi.2014, leg. J.S. Park (1 ♂ NIBR, identified as U. lateralis by J.S. Park), Tongyeong-si, Tongyeong, 4.vi.2015, leg. Y.R. Lee (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee).— CHINA. Gansu: Kang County, Tuosha, 6.x. [19]81, leg. [illegible] Cao (1 ♂ NKUM); Shaanxi: Shang County [currently Shangzhou Distr.], 29.vi.1981 (1 ♂ NKUM); Hubei: Shennongjia, Songbai, 22.vi.1977, leg. H.G. Zou (1 ♀ NKUM), same locality, 8.ix.1985, at light (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NKUM).

Genus Urostylis Westwood, 1837 Urostylis Westwood, 1837: 45. Type species by subsequent designation (Distant 1902: 306): Urostylis punctigera Westwood, 1837. Urostylis: Dallas (1851: 315) (listed), Stål (1876: 116) (synopsis), Distant (1902: 302, 306) (in key, diagnosis, fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma), Reuter (1905: 64) (diagnostic characters), Kerzhner (1966: 46, 49) (in key, fauna of USSR), Hsiao & Ching (1977: 193) (diagnosis, fauna of China), Ahmad et al. (1979: 42) (fauna of Pakistan), Nonnaizab (1986: 239) (fauna of Inner Mongolia), Kanyukova (1988: 910) (fauna of the Far East of USSR), Rider (2006: 112) (catalogue, Palaearctic). Urostylus [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Ahmad et al. (1992: 263, 265, 271, 275) (redescription, fauna of India and neighbouring regions). Distribution and diversity. Urostylis currently contains 64 described species (D.A. Rider, pers. comm.), but one of them is synonymized below, reducing the number of species to 63. We are nevertheless aware of a number of additional unpublished synonymies and several undescribed species.

Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997 (Figs. 1���12) Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997: 58, 64. Holotype: ♂, China: Hubei, Shennongjia; NKUM. Urostylis koreana Kim & Jung, 2018 in Kim et al. (2018: 446, 455). Holotype: ♂, South Korea: Sejong, Geumnam-myeon, Donam-ri; CNU. New subjective synonym. Urostylis hubeiensis: Rider (2006: 113) (catalogue, distribution). Diagnosis. Externally similar (Figs. 1���2, 4���5) and apparently phylogenetically closely related to U. yangi Maa, 1947, sharing the combination of a pale and mostly concolorously punctured dorsum decorated with large, coarse, scattered black punctures in area enclosed by medial furrow and cubitus (relatively sparse between R+M and Cu, denser between R+M and medial furrow) of fore wing; scape being provided with a black longitudinal fascia on its lateral surface; genital capsule of male being provided with a pair of short and blunt dorsolateral and a single dorsally or dorsoventrally directed, apically excised ventromedian projection with its tip approximately reaching level of dorsolateral projections in lateral view (Figs. 7���9); and ventrite VII of the female not being produced posteriad below ovipositor, leaving valvifers VIII fully exposed (Figs. 10���11). The differences of the two species are summarized in Table 1. The genitalia of U. yangi were figured by Maa (1947: 131, figs. 32���35), Hsiao & Ching (1977: 196, figs. 981���982), and Ren (1988: 45: fig. 14); the male holotype and female allotype (both deposited in IZAS) together with about 60 additional non-types of both sexes from Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Fujian Provinces of China (deposited in NKUM and IZAS) have been examined. Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997 Urostylis yangi Maa, 1947 1 corium with a series of rather regularly arranged, series along claval furrow composed of concolorous punctures, closely placed, medium-sized black punctures forming not appearing as a contrasting, conspicuous line (Hsiao & a straight line along claval furrow (Figs. 1, 4) Ching 1977: 196, fig. 980) 2 posteromedian process of genital capsule directed posteromedian process of genital capsule directed obliquely nearly dorsad (Fig. 7), its lateral outlines subparallel or posterodorsad, enclosing an angle of about 45�� with slightly concave at two sides in posterior view (Fig. 8) longitudinal axis of body (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 34), its lateral outlines distinctly convex at two sides therefore broadened at its middle in posterior view (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 33; Ren 1988: 45, fig. 14) 3 posterior outline of genital capsule below posterolateral posterior outline of genital capsule below posterolateral process broadly convex, enclosing a narrow, U-shaped process distinctly, broadly emarginate, enclosing a broad, V- interspace with anterior margin of posteromedian shaped interspace with anterior margin of posteromedian projection in lateral view (Fig. 7) projection in lateral view (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 34) 4 laterotergites IX relatively long, distinctly surpassing laterotergites IX short, posteromedian portions completely posterior extremities of valvifers VIII both in ventral concealed by posterior portions of valvifers VIII in ventral, (Fig. 10) but particularly in posteroventral (Fig. 11) narrowly exposed posteriad of valvifers VIII in posteroventral view; posteromesal portion of laterotergite IX view; laterotergite IX more or less transversely truncate, surpassing posterolateral portion of same sclerite posteromesal portion not conspicuously surpassing posteriorly posterolateral portion of same sclerite posteriorly (Maa 1947: 131, fig. 35) Distribution. So far the species has been known only from Gansu, Shaanxi and Hubei Provinces of China, but it is rare in collections; now the Korean Peninsula is added to its range (Fig. 12). It is likely distributed all over the warm temperate deciduous-broadleaf forest zone of Central and Eastern China, but juding from the fact that it has not been reported from the thoroughly explored Russian Far East (Kerzhner 1966, Kanyukova 1988), it probably does not extend farther to the north into the mixed and boreal zones, its occurrence in Manchuria is therefore unlikely. Type material examined. Urostylis hubeiensis Ren, 1997. Holotype : ♂, ��� [ch, pr] [ch, hw] \ 900���1000m [hw] \ [ch, pr]���, ���1981. V. 27 [hw] \ [ch, pr]��� ��� Urostylis [hw] \ hubeiensis [hw] \ Ren, sp. nov. [hw] \ [ch, pr] 96 [hw]���; pinned, left eye and anterolateral portion of pronotum at left side damaged by museum beetles but otherwise intact (Figs. 1���3, 7���9). Allotype: ♀, ��� [ch, pr] [ch, hw] \ [ch, hw] 920m [hw] \ [ch, pr]���, ���1981. VIII. 29 [hw] \ [ch, pr]��� ��� Urostylis [hw] \ hubeiensis [hw] \ Ren, sp. nov [hw] \ [ch, pr] 1996. VII. [hw]���; pinned, distiflagellum of left antenna lacking (Figs. 4���6, 10���11). Paratype ?: ♂, ��� [ch, pr] [ch, hw] \ [ch, hw] 900m [hw] \ [ch, pr]���, ���1981. VI. 18 [hw] \ [ch, hw] \ [ch, pr]��� ��� PARATYPE [yellow, pr]���, ��� ♂ ��� [yellow, hw]; pinned, both flagella, left mid leg, tarsal segments II���III of right mid leg, tibia and tarsus of left hind leg lacking (NKUM). Additional specimens examined. KOREA. Gyeonggi-do: Uiwang-si, Mt. Bara, 22.vi.2015, leg. J.Y. Choi (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee), Pocheon-si, Yeongbuk-myeon, Myeongsangsan, 38��4'23"N 127��19'31"E, 12.vi.2008, leg. J.D. Yeo, M. J. Jeon & H. G. Kim (3 ♀♀ NIBR); Seoul: Gwanak-gu, Bongcheon-dong, 16.vi.2015, leg. H.J. Lee (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee), Gwanak-gu, Sinlim-dong, Mt. Gwanak, 21.vi.2015, leg. J.H. Ko (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee); Gangwon-do: Yanggu-gun, Bangsan-myeon, 23.vii.2008, leg. Y.H. Cho (1 ♂ NIBR); Gyeongsangbuk-do: Gomi Okseong, Dukchon-ri, 14.viii.2009, leg. D.S. Kim (1 ♂ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by D.S. Kim); Gyeongsangnam-do: Hadong-gun, Jingyomyeon, Goryong-ri, Mt. Geumo, 25.vii.2014, leg. H.J. Kim (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by J.S. Park), Geoje-si, Dongbu-myeon, Gucheon-ri, Mt. Noja, 24.vi.2014, leg. J.S. Park (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by J.S. Park), Geoje-si, Yeoncho-myeon, Yeonsa-ri, Mt. Daegeum, 21.vi.2012, leg. H.J. Kim (1 ♂ NIBR, identified as U. annulicornis by J.S. Park), Geoje-si, Geoje-myeon, Seosang-ri, Mt. Gyeryong, 25.vi.2014, leg. J.S. Park (1 ♂ NIBR, identified as U. lateralis by J.S. Park), Tongyeong-si, Tongyeong, 4.vi.2015, leg. Y.R. Lee (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NIBR, identified as U. trullata by S.H. Lee).��� CHINA. Gansu: Kang County, Tuosha, 6.x. [19]81, leg. [illegible] Cao (1 ♂ NKUM); Shaanxi: Shang County [currently Shangzhou Distr.], 29.vi.1981 (1 ♂ NKUM); Hubei: Shennongjia, Songbai, 22.vi.1977, leg. H.G. Zou (1 ♀ NKUM), same locality, 8.ix.1985, at light (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NKUM)., Published as part of Zhou, Yanyan & R��dei, D��vid, 2018, A new synonymy in East Asian Urostylididae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 145-150 in Zootaxa 4504 (1) on pages 145-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2606138, {"references":["Ren, S. Z. (1997) New species of Urolabida Westwood and Urostylis Westwood from China (Heteroptera: Urostylidae). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 30 (1), 57 - 65. [in Chinese, English summary]","Kim, J., Roca-Cusachs, M. & Jung, S. (2018) Taxonomic review of the genus Urostylis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Urostylididae) from the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4433 (3), 445 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.3.3","Rider, D. A. (2006) Family Urostylididae Dallas, 1851. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, Chr. (Eds.) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Fol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 102 - 116.","Maa, T. C. (1947) Records and descriptions of some Chinese and Japanese Urostylidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 11 (3), 121 - 144.","Hsiao, T. Y. & Ching, H. L. (1977) Urostylidae. In: Hsiao, T. Y., Jen, S. C., Cheng, L. I., Liu, S. L. & Ching, H. L., (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Fol. I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 181 - 197 + 302 - 304, pls. 30 - 32. [in Chinese, English summary]","Ren, S. Z. (1988) Distinction between some urostylids which injurious on leaf trees. Forest Pest and Disease, 1988 (3), 45 - 47. [in Chinese]","Kerzhner, I. M. (1966) Shield bugs of the family Urostylidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea) from the USSR. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 37, 45 - 50. [in Russian]","Kanyukova, E. V. (1988) [Family Urostylidae]. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), [Keys to the identification of insects of the Soviet Far East. Fol. 2. Homoptera and Heteroptera]. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 909 - 911. [in Russian]"]}

Genus Urostylis Westwood, 1837 Urostylis Westwood, 1837: 45. Type species by subsequent designation (Distant 1902: 306): Urostylis punctigera Westwood, 1837. Urostylis: Dallas (1851: 315) (listed), St��l (1876: 116) (synopsis), Distant (1902: 302, 306) (in key, diagnosis, fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma), Reuter (1905: 64) (diagnostic characters), Kerzhner (1966: 46, 49) (in key, fauna of USSR), Hsiao & Ching (1977: 193) (diagnosis, fauna of China), Ahmad et al. (1979: 42) (fauna of Pakistan), Nonnaizab (1986: 239) (fauna of Inner Mongolia), Kanyukova (1988: 910) (fauna of the Far East of USSR), Rider (2006: 112) (catalogue, Palaearctic). Urostylus [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Ahmad et al. (1992: 263, 265, 271, 275) (redescription, fauna of India and neighbouring regions). Distribution and diversity. Urostylis currently contains 64 described species (D.A. Rider, pers. comm.), but one of them is synonymized below, reducing the number of species to 63. We are nevertheless aware of a number of additional unpublished synonymies and several undescribed species., Published as part of Zhou, Yanyan & R��dei, D��vid, 2018, A new synonymy in East Asian Urostylididae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 145-150 in Zootaxa 4504 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2606138, {"references":["Westwood, J. O. (1837) Hope, F. W., A catalogue of Hemiptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with short Latin diagnoses of the new species. Bridgewater, London, 46 pp.","Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Fol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor & Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp.","Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp. + XI pls.","Stal, C. (1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. Kongliga Svenska Fetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Neue Folge, 14 (4), 1 - 162.","Reuter, O. M. (1905) Urostylis instructivus, a new species of the family Urostylidae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 41 (3), 64 - 65.","Kerzhner, I. M. (1966) Shield bugs of the family Urostylidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea) from the USSR. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 37, 45 - 50. [in Russian]","Hsiao, T. Y. & Ching, H. L. (1977) Urostylidae. In: Hsiao, T. Y., Jen, S. C., Cheng, L. I., Liu, S. L. & Ching, H. L., (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Fol. I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 181 - 197 + 302 - 304, pls. 30 - 32. [in Chinese, English summary]","Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. & Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1 - 50.","Nonnaizab (1986) Fauna of Inner Mongolia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Fol. I. Book 1. Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, Hohhot, 2 + 2 + 469 pp. [in Chinese, English summary]","Kanyukova, E. V. (1988) [Family Urostylidae]. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), [Keys to the identification of insects of the Soviet Far East. Fol. 2. Homoptera and Heteroptera]. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 909 - 911. [in Russian]","Rider, D. A. (2006) Family Urostylididae Dallas, 1851. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, Chr. (Eds.) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Fol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 102 - 116.","Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. & Kamaluddin, S. (1992) A review and cladistics of Urostylidae Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) with keys to taxa of Indian subregion and description of four genera and five species including two new ones from Pakistan, Azad Kashmir and Bangladesh. Philippine Journal of Science, 121 (3), 263 - 297."]}

Chimarrhometra orientalis (Distant, 1879) (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 24) Halobates orientalis Distant, 1879: 126. Chimarrhometra orientalis (Distant); Bianchi, 1896: 71; Distant, 1903: 190; Pavia, 1919: 364; Andersen, 1982: 23. Rheumatotrechus himalayanus Kirkaldy, 1908: 452; Paiva, 1919: 364. Gerris monticola Distant, 1910: 141; Distant, 1911: 142; Esaki, 1929: 412; Lindberg, 1939: 19. Material examined. Nepal: 4 apterous males, 2 apterous females, Dhulikhel (27��37'N, 85��33'E), 20.VII.2014, coll. Tongyin Xie (NKUM); 5 apterous males, 3 apterous females, Pokara, Mt. Annapurna (28��22'N, 83��57'E), 16.VII.2014, coll. Tongyin Xie (NKUM). Diagnosis. The diagnostic features of C. orientalis are the strongly incrassate male fore femur (Fig. 1); abdominal segment VIII dorsally with subtle depression in lateral view (Fig. 6); the sub-rectangular pygophore (Figs. 9, 10); the antler-shaped processes on the caudal margin of the pygophore bear a broad posterior lobe and a shorter triangular anterior lobe (Figs. 9, 10); proctiger slender with dense hairs on posterior margin (Fig. 13); paramere falciform, medial part bending inwards, with apices crossing beneath pygophore and gradually tapering (Figs. 14, 15); inner lobe of first gonopophysis relatively stout, infuscated, and with several uniformly distributed setae (Figs. 19, 20). Distribution. India, Nepal, Pakistan (Fig. 24)., Published as part of Ye, Zhen, Zhou, Yanyan & Bu, Wenjun, 2016, Description of a new species of Chimarrhometra Bianchi, 1896 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from China, pp. 180-188 in Zootaxa 4175 (2) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/267241, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1879) Descriptions of new species of Hemiptera collected by Dr. Stoliczka during the Forsyth Expedition to Kashgar in 1873 - 74. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 121 - 126.","Bianchi, V. (1896) On two new forms of the heteropterous family Gerridae. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 1, 69 - 76.","Distant, W. L. (1903) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota 2 (1), i - x, 1 - 242. Taylor & Francis, London, 242 pp.","Andersen, N. M. (1982) Semiterrestrial water striders of the genera Eotrechus Kirkaldy and Chimarrhometra Bianchi (Insecta, Hemiptera, Gerridae). Steenstrupia, 9, 1 - 25.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1908) Two new genera of Oriental Hemiptera. Canadian Entomologist, 40, 452 - 453. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 40452 - 12","Paiva, C. A. (1919) Rhynchota from the Garo Hills, Assam. Records of the Indian Museum, 16, 350 - 377. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25927","Distant, W. L. (1910) Some undescribed Gerrinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 140 - 153. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931008692741","Distant, W. L. (1911) The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota 5, i - xii, 1 - 362. Taylor & Francis, London, 362 pp.","Esaki, T. (1929) New or little-known Gerridae. II. Indian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4, 412 - 419. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673074","Lindberg, H. (1939) Dr. Jarrings, G., Hemipteren-Ausbeute aus Kaschmir mit Beschreibung des neuen Genus Kaschmirocoris. Opuscula Entomologica, 4, 15 - 19."]}

Chimarrhometra yunnanensis sp. n. (Figs. 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24) Material examined. Holotype: apterous male, China, Yunnan Prov., Yingjiang county, Tongbiguang village (24��35'N, 97��39'E), 1326 m, 13.VII.2016, coll. Zhen Ye (NKUM). Paratypes: 2 apterous males, 3 apterous females, same data as holotype (NKUM). 1 apterous male, 2 apterous females, Yingjiang county, Tongbiguang village, Dadieshui (24��36'N, 97��39'E), 20.V.2009, coll. Min Li (NKUM). Diagnosis. The diagnostic features of C. yunnanensis sp. n. are the strongly incrassate male fore femur (Fig. 3); abdominal segment VIII dorsally with a distinct depression in lateral view (Fig. 8); the sub-ovate pygophore (Figs. 11, 12); the antler-shaped processes on the caudal margin of the pygophore bear a narrower posterior lobe and a longer triangular anterior lobe (Figs. 11, 12); the proctiger is slender and with dense hairs on the posterior margin (Fig. 16); the parameres are falciform, with the medial part bending inwards and with apices crossing beneath the pygophore and gradually tapering (Figs. 17, 18); the inner lobe of the first gonopophysis is relatively slender, less infuscated, and with several setae concentrated apically (Fig. 21). Description. Apterous male (Fig. 3). Colour: ground colour yellowish brown; head dorsum yellowish brown with broad median blackish band, ventrally yellowish; antennal segments I���II brownish yellow, apex of segments darker, III���IV brownish; pronotum yellowish brown, with median and lateral narrow yellowish stripes; mesonotum yellowish brown, with pair of triangular dark, frosted spots; longitudinal bands on thoracic pleura and spots on acetabula blackish with prominent silvery pubescence; legs yellowish brown, with apices of femora, tibiae and tarsi weakly infuscated, fore femora and tibiae ventrally with rows of black spine-like hairs; abdominal dorsum brown, covered with minute golden hairs; ventrally, body including genital segments brownish yellow; abdominal segment VIII dorsally weakly infuscated; pygophore and paramere yellowish, strongly infuscated apically. Structural characteristics: body length 7.60���7.80 (holotype: 7.75), body width (across acetabula) 2.68���2.72 (holotype: 2.70), body elongate and stout, bearing short, golden or silver, appressed pubescence; head directed forward, head length: 1.15���1.20, head width: 1.41���1.50, head width about 1.23 times length; eyes large, globose, with inner margin emarginated in posterior half; antennal segment I longest, without spine-like hairs, antenna about 0.80 times as long as body, lengths of antennal segments I���IV: 1.90, 1.47, 1.32, 1.38; pronotum width: 1.50���1.57, length: 1.06���1.10, about 1.55 times as wide as long; intersegmental suture between mesothorax and metathorax distinct laterally,; mesonotum about 3.6 times as long as metanotum; fore femur strongly incrassate (Fig. 3); fore tibia slightly curved; middle tarsus about two fifths tibial length; hind femur shorter than middle femur; hind tibia shorter than hind femur; middle and hind tibiae and tarsi ventrally with rows of spine-like hairs; pretarsus inserted slightly before apex of last tarsal segment; lengths of leg segments (femur, tibia and tarsus): fore leg: 2.44, 2.30 and 0.59 (0.21+0.38), middle leg: 6.60, 4.61 and 1.97 (1.35+0.62), hind leg: 5.70, 3.41 and 1.50 (1.00+0.50); pregenital abdominal venter distinctly depressed posteriorly, connexiva slightly widened. Genital segments: abdominal segment VIII much shorter ventrally than dorsally, length: 1.30, width: 1.05, about 1.24 times as long as wide, posterior margin with short, erect, blackish hairs (Figs. 7, 8); abdominal segment VIII dorsally with distinct depression in lateral view (Fig. 8); pygophore sub-ovate (Figs. 11, 12), forked into pair of prominent, vertically raised, antler-shaped processes (Figs. 11, 12), lateral processes bear a narrower posterior lobe and a longer triangular anterior lobe (Figs. 11, 12); proctiger slender, with dense hairs on posterior margin (Fig. 16); paramere large, falciform, medial part bending inwards, with apices crossing beneath pygophore and gradually tapering (Figs. 17, 18). Apterous female (Fig. 4). Body slightly longer and wider than male, other coloration and markings similar to that of male; body length 8.20���8.55, body width (across acetabula) 2.90���3.05; structure of head including antennae as in male, head length: 1.18���1.20; head width: 1.45���1.50; about 1.23 times as wide as long; antenna about 0.72 times as long as body; lengths of antennal segments I���IV: 1.88, 1.34, 1.30, 1.40; pronotum width: 1.50���1.62, length: 1.00���1.05, about 1.43 times as wide as long; legs similar to those of male except fore femur relatively slender (Fig. 4); lengths of leg segments (femur, tibia and tarsus): fore leg: 2.61, 2.50 and 0.64 (0.23+0.41), middle leg: 6.80, 4.69 and 2.03 (1.38+0.65), hind leg: 5.90, 3.35 and 1.29 (0.78+0.51); genital segments protruding from abdominal apex, proctiger small and cone-shaped; inner lobe of first gonopophysis relatively slender, less infuscated, and with several setae concentrated apically (Fig. 21). Macropterous male and female: unknown. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality (Yunnan, China). Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 24). Comparative notes: The general appearance of the new species, C. yunnanensis sp. n. is similar to C. orientalis. However, there are clear differences between the two species as follows. Abdominal segment VIII of C. yunnanensis sp. n. has a distinct dorsal depression in lateral view (Fig. 8), whereas that of C. orientalis has only a subtle depression (Fig. 6). The antler-shaped processes on the caudal margin of the pygophore in C. yunnanensis sp. n. each bear a narrower posterior lobe and longer triangular anterior lobe (Figs. 11, 12), but those of C. orientalis bear a broad posterior lobe and shorter triangular anterior lobe (Figs. 9, 10). The apical half of the paramere in C. yunnanensis sp. n. is slightly longer than in C. orientalis (Figs. 14, 15, 17, 18). In addition, the inner lobe of the first gonopophysis in C. yunnanensis sp. n. is relatively slender, less infuscated, and with several setae concentrated apically (Fig. 21), whereas the inner lobe of first gonopophysis in C. orientalis is relatively stout, infuscated, and with several uniformly distributed setae (Figs. 19, 20)., Published as part of Ye, Zhen, Zhou, Yanyan & Bu, Wenjun, 2016, Description of a new species of Chimarrhometra Bianchi, 1896 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from China, pp. 180-188 in Zootaxa 4175 (2) on pages 182-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/267241

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are shown to hold great promise to achieve high-performance lasing using colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in solution phase. However, the low packing density of such colloidal gain media in the solution phase results in increased lasing thresholds and poor lasing stability in these WGM lasers. To address these issues, here optical gain in colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) is proposed and shown in the form of high-density close-packed solid films constructed around a coreless fiber incorporating the resulting whispering gallery modes to induce gain and waveguiding modes of the fiber to funnel and collect light. In this work, a practical method is presented to produce the first CQW-WGM laser using an optical fiber as the WGM cavity platform operating at low thresholds of ≈188 µJ cm−2 and ≈1.39 mJ cm−2 under one- and two-photon absorption pumped, respectively, accompanied with a record low waveguide loss coefficient of ≈7 cm−1 and a high net modal gain coefficient of ≈485 cm−1. The spectral characteristics of the proposed CQW-WGM resonator are supported with a numerical model of full electromagnetic solution. This unique CQW-WGM cavity architecture offers new opportunities to achieve simple high-performance optical resonators for colloidal lasers. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore) Accepted version

The mechanism of honeysuckle quality degeneration in hot air drying was studied by measuring honeysuckle appearance color, relative conductivity, the content of chlorophyll, total phenol and chlorogenic acid. Results showed that enzymatic browning was determined as the major factor in the quality degeneration of hot air dried honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid as the main substrate of the enzymatic browning decreased obviously in drying. The degradation of chlorophyll was not the main cause of the degeneration of quality and color. The browning level reflected the degree of honeysuckle quality deterioration.