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Current mainstream vision-language (VL) tracking framework consists of three parts, \ie a visual feature extractor, a language feature extractor, and a fusion model. To pursue better performance, a natural modus operandi for VL tracking is employing customized and heavier unimodal encoders, and multi-modal fusion models. Albeit effective, existing VL trackers separate feature extraction and feature integration, resulting in extracted features that lack semantic guidance and have limited target-aware capability in complex scenarios, \eg similar distractors and extreme illumination. In this work, inspired by the recent success of exploring foundation models with unified architecture for both natural language and computer vision tasks, we propose an All-in-One framework, which learns joint feature extraction and interaction by adopting a unified transformer backbone. Specifically, we mix raw vision and language signals to generate language-injected vision tokens, which we then concatenate before feeding into the unified backbone architecture. This approach achieves feature integration in a unified backbone, removing the need for carefully-designed fusion modules and resulting in a more effective and efficient VL tracking framework. To further improve the learning efficiency, we introduce a multi-modal alignment module based on cross-modal and intra-modal contrastive objectives, providing more reasonable representations for the unified All-in-One transformer backbone. Extensive experiments on five benchmarks, \ie OTB99-L, TNL2K, LaSOT, LaSOT$_{\rm Ext}$ and WebUAV-3M, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed tracker against existing state-of-the-arts on VL tracking. Codes will be made publicly available., Work in progress

AIM: To determine the clinical characteristics, pathological types, tumor markers, treatments, and outcomes of Chinese patients with primary lacrimal sac lymphoma. METHODS: This case-based retrospective study analyzed 15 Chinese patients with primary lacrimal sac lymphoma. The clinical data collected included gender, age at diagnosis, symptoms, imaging examination results, pathologic diagnosis, pathogen identification, tumor markers, treatments, follow-up, and prognosis. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patients. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from surgery to the last follow-up, first record of tumor recurrence, or death. RESULTS: There were 7 males and 8 females with unilateral primary lacrimal sac lymphoma in the left eye (n=6) or right eye (n=9). The initial symptom in 13 patients was epiphora, and 2 patients had redness and swelling in the lacrimal sac area. All patients ultimately developed epiphora, and 12 had masses in the lacrimal sac area. Analysis of preoperative plasma tumor markers indicated 14 patients had elevated homocysteine, 9 had elevated β2-microglobulin, and 2 had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); 2 patients had elevations of all three markers, and 1 patient had no elevation of any marker. All patients underwent surgical resection and 12 patients received postoperative chemotherapy. The pathological types were DLBCL (n=8), MALT lymphoma (n=5), and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (n=2). The mean follow-up time was 25.8mo (range: 4-41) and 2 patients died. Seven patients who underwent mass excision combined with dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) had no postoperative epiphora. Eight patients who only underwent mass excision had varying degrees of postoperative epiphora. Preoperative LDH elevation and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type were associated with poor prognoses. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to a good prognosis for most patients with primary lacrimal sac lymphoma. Mass resection combined with DCR can reduce the occurrence of post-surgical epiphora. The pathology type and tumor marker status are associated with prognosis.

Background: Glucose 6 phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulator of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, the exact role of G6PD in gastrointestinal cancers remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation of G6PD with clinical features, pathological stages, diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers, as well as uncover possible mechanisms of G6PD on mutations, immunity and signaling pathways. Methods: G6PD mRNA expression data were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Protein expression was examined by the HPA database. The correlation of G6PD expression with clinical and pathological characteristics was explored. The pROC package in R language was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of G6PD expression in gastrointestinal cancers. We accessed the correlation of disease-free survival (DFS) with G6PD online by Kaplan-Meier plotter. Univariate Cox regression and stepwise multiple Cox regression analysis were performed to determine the association between G6PD and patient’s overall survival. In addition, genomic alterations, mutation profiles, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and enrichment analysis related with G6PD were visualized. Results: After a pan-cancerous genomic analysis, we found that G6PD expression was the highest in African American esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) patients (P

Background Extracting wholly impacted maxillary 3rd molars faces difficulty due to the narrow surgical field, adjacent teeth resistances and risk of oroantral communication. This study is designed to introduce and evaluate the applicability of a novel method-buccal rotation to extract maxillary 3rd molars. Materials and methods In this cohort study, from October 1st 2020 to September 30th 2021, 72 wholly impacted maxillary 3rd molars were included. Based on the crowns with coronal 1/3, middle 1/3, apical 1/3 of the adjacent teeth roots, teeth were classified into position I, II, III. Based on the angles Results 82.00% of teeth in position I and 50.00% in position II were designed to use traditional method, 83.33% in position III were using the novel method (p p Conclusion Buccal rotation was applicable to extract the deep impacted maxillary third molars with large angles towards the adjacent teeth.

Recent years, graph contrastive learning (GCL), which aims to learn representations from unlabeled graphs, has made great progress. However, the existing GCL methods mostly adopt human-designed graph augmentations, which are sensitive to various graph datasets. In addition, the contrastive losses originally developed in computer vision have been directly applied to graph data, where the neighboring nodes are regarded as negatives and consequently pushed far apart from the anchor. However, this is contradictory with the homophily assumption of networks that connected nodes often belong to the same class and should be close to each other. In this work, we propose an end-to-end automatic GCL method, named NCLA to apply neighbor contrastive learning on learnable graph augmentation. Several graph augmented views with adaptive topology are automatically learned by the multi-head graph attention mechanism, which can be compatible with various graph datasets without prior domain knowledge. In addition, a neighbor contrastive loss is devised to allow multiple positives per anchor by taking network topology as the supervised signals. Both augmentations and embeddings are learned end-to-end in the proposed NCLA. Extensive experiments on the benchmark datasets demonstrate that NCLA yields the state-of-the-art node classification performance on self-supervised GCL and even exceeds the supervised ones, when the labels are extremely limited. Our code is released at https://github.com/shenxiaocam/NCLA.

BackgroundSome degree of platelet index abnormality has been found clinically in the autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but the findings are not uniform.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles published up to August 16th, 2022, with no restrictions on the language of the articles. Reference lists of eligible articles were also searched. A random effect model was used to pool the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) between AITD patients and healthy controls, and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 19 articles with 6173 people (3824 AITD patients and 2349 healthy people) were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that PLT and MPV values were significantly increased in AITD patients when compared with healthy people (SMD: 0.164, 95% CI: 0.044 to 0.285; SMD: 0.256, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.500), while no significant difference was found in PDW between the AITD group and the control group (SMD: 0.060, 95% CI: -0.164 to 0.284). Subgroup analysis according to disease type and thyroid function revealed that for PLT, this difference was only found in the Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and hypothyroid groups, but not in the Graves’ disease (GD) and hyperthyroid groups. For MPV, the results were the opposite of those for PLT: MPV was significantly higher in the GD, hyperthyroid, and euthyroid groups than in the control group, but not in the HT and hypothyroid groups. Sensitivity analysis showed that the stability of the pooled MPV was not good. No publication bias was found.ConclusionsPLT and MPV are significantly elevated in patients with AITD, with PLT being more significantly elevated in HT and hypothyroidism, and MPV being more significantly increased in GD and hyperthyroidism. Appropriate clinical attention can be paid to the thyroid function of patients when abnormal platelet indices are found, and conversely, the consequences of abnormal platelet parameters such as elevated MPV lead to an increased occurrence of cardiovascular events, which should also be addressed in the AITD population.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022341823.

Gorham-Stout syndrome is a rare disease characterized by osteolysis, in which idiopathic intraosseous angiomatous proliferation leads to progressive resorption of bone. Chylothorax can be associated with Gorham-Stout syndrome in some cases, but chyloperitoneum is seldom seen. This paper reports a case of Gorham-stout syndrome that was admitted to the gastroenterology department because of ascites. The way of chyloperitoneum formation was confirmed by lymphangiography.

This preregistration is an update to the original submitted on July 28, 2021. We are preregistering an additional 10 3-year-olds under the same exclusion criteria. How do children combine information from different sensory modalities to infer what happened in the past? In this study, we are interested in how children integrate visual and auditory information to make inferences about unobserved events in a ‘Plinko’ box.

This is a project to replicate the Phase 2 data (Figure 6-B) from Experiment 1 in Dubey and Griffiths (2020)'s paper Reconciling Novelty and Complexity Through a Rational Analysis of Curiosity.

Our main question is whether young children, 3 to 5 years old, engage in implicit counterfactual reasoning. Previous work suggests that children don’t engage in explicit counterfactual reasoning until 6 to 7 years of age (McCormack et al, 2018). Even though children struggle with explicit counterfactuals before the age of 6, this doesn’t, on its own, mean that they can’t engage in counterfactual reasoning. Appreciating explicit counterfactuals is demanding for a variety of reasons, including that they are linguistically difficult to process. So then how might evidence be provided that children engage in implicit counterfactual reasoning? Our strategy will be to determine whether they view some omissions as causes. Judging that omissions are causes would seem to involve at least an implicit appeal to counterfactuals. If someone fails to prevent an outcome, and could have easily prevented it, it might seem natural to judge their failure to act as a cause of the outcome. If someone fails to prevent an outcome, but it would have been difficult to prevent it, it might seem natural to not view their failure to act as a cause of the outcome. Our materials, described below, are modeled off of this idea and were developed to be appropriate for 3 to 5 year old children. Before testing these materials with children, we will first present them to adults. This study here aimed at testing our materials for children on adults to determine what pattern of causation and fault judgments adults tend to make in omission cases that vary in whether the outcome could or could not have easily been prevented by the omissor (the person who could have prevented the outcome but didn't).

How do children combine information from different sensory modalities to infer what happened in the past? In this study, we are interested in how children integrate visual and auditory information to make inferences about unobserved events in a ‘Plinko’ box.

AIM: To investigate whether ultrasound-targeted cationic microbubbles (CMBs) destruction could deliver endostatin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmids efficiently to the human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and inhibit retinal neovascularization in mice. METHODS: CMBs were prepared and the presentation of GFP reporter was confirmed by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy. Experiments assessing HRECs migration and vascular formation were performed to evaluate gene therapy's efficiency in vitro. A mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy was employed and the expression of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin in the retina of mice were determined by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of endostatin-GFP in the retina was examined by laser confocal microscopy at 5, 14, and 28d after treatment. RESULTS: The gene expression of endostatin was the highest in the group of the CMBs. Besides, the inhibition and antiangiogenesis effect of the migration and development of HRECs were improved following treatment with CMBs compared with the other groups in vitro. In vivo, retinal neovascularization was significantly inhibited and the fluorescence intensity of endostatin-GFP in the mouse retina was importantly higher in the group of CMBs than that in other groups. CONCLUSION: The research illustrates ultrasound-targeted CMBs destruction possessed distinct effect on the inhibition of the vascular formation and the development of retinal neovascularization both in vitro and in vivo.

In the conventional feedback control system, the control accuracy is affected by the measurement noise. In this article, a novel method is proposed for the purpose of the measurement noise rejection in the single-input single-output (SISO) feedback control system. By adding an inner noise observer loop in the conventional feedback loop, we apply the “observer-based” control method into the sensor output signal processing. The proposed method is capable of reducing the measurement noise in frequencies overlapping with the control bandwidth without affecting the tracking ability of the feedback control system. Moreover, this method is simple in that its noise suppression ability is merely decided by the ${Q}$ -filter, which can be set as a constant. In addition, a necessary and sufficient condition for the system stability is presented considering the uncertainties of the real plant. It is shown that when the ${Q}$ -filter is zero, the uncertainties of the plant cannot influence the stability of the system. To verify the effectiveness, both the tracking performance and noise rejection performance of the proposed method is simulated, comparing with the conventional feedback control system. Finally, laboratory experiment is conducted with a tracking mirror control system.

Based on CT and MRI images acquired from normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients, using machine learning methods, we aim to establish a multi-modal and high-performance automatic ventricle segmentation method to achieve efficient and accurate automatic measurement of the ventricular volume. First, we extract the brain CT and MRI images of 143 definite NPH patients. Second, we manually label the ventricular volume (VV) and intracranial volume (ICV). Then, we use machine learning method to extract features and establish automatic ventricle segmentation model. Finally, we verify the reliability of the model and achieved automatic measurement of VV and ICV. In CT images, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis of the automatic and manual segmentation result of the VV were 0.95, 0.99, 0.99, and 4.2$\pm$2.6 respectively. The results of ICV were 0.96, 0.99, 0.99, and 6.0$\pm$3.8 respectively. The whole process takes 3.4$\pm$0.3 seconds. In MRI images, the DSC, ICC, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis of the automatic and manual segmentation result of the VV were 0.94, 0.99, 0.99, and 2.0$\pm$0.6 respectively. The results of ICV were 0.93, 0.99, 0.99, and 7.9$\pm$3.8 respectively. The whole process took 1.9$\pm$0.1 seconds. We have established a multi-modal and high-performance automatic ventricle segmentation method to achieve efficient and accurate automatic measurement of the ventricular volume of NPH patients. This can help clinicians quickly and accurately understand the situation of NPH patient's ventricles., 26 pages, 4 figure, accepted by Neural Computing and Applications journal

The duality between the electric and magnetic dipoles inspires recent comparisons between ferronics and magnonics. Here we predict surface polarization waves or ``ferrons" in ferroelectric insulators, taking the long-range dipolar interaction into account. We predict properties that are strikingly different from the magnetic counterpart, \textit{i.e.} the surface ``Damon-Eshbach" magnons in ferromagnets. The dipolar interaction pushes the ferron branch with locked circular polarization and momentum to the ionic plasma frequency. The low-frequency modes are on the other hand in-plane polarized normal to their wave vectors. The strong anisotropy of the lower branch renders directional emissions of electric polarization and chiral near fields when activated by a focused laser beam, allowing optical routing in ferroelectric devices., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

The self-supervised ultrasound (US) video model pretraining can use a small amount of labeled data to achieve one of the most promising results on US diagnosis. However, it does not take full advantage of multi-level knowledge for learning deep neural networks (DNNs), and thus is difficult to learn transferable feature representations. This work proposes a hierarchical contrastive learning (HiCo) method to improve the transferability for the US video model pretraining. HiCo introduces both peer-level semantic alignment and cross-level semantic alignment to facilitate the interaction between different semantic levels, which can effectively accelerate the convergence speed, leading to better generalization and adaptation of the learned model. Additionally, a softened objective function is implemented by smoothing the hard labels, which can alleviate the negative effect caused by local similarities of images between different classes. Experiments with HiCo on five datasets demonstrate its favorable results over state-of-the-art approaches. The source code of this work is publicly available at https://github.com/983632847/HiCo., Comment: Paper accepted in ACCV 2022

Venomous animals have evolved to produce peptide toxins that modulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels. These specific modulators are powerful probes for investigating the structural and functional features of Nav channels. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of δ-theraphotoxin-Gr4b (Gr4b), a novel peptide toxin from the venom of the spider Grammostola rosea. Gr4b contains 37-amino acid residues with six cysteines forming three disulfide bonds. Patch-clamp analysis confirmed that Gr4b markedly slows the fast inactivation of Nav1.9 and inhibits the currents of Nav1.4 and Nav1.7, but does not affect Nav1.8. It was also found that Gr4b significantly shifts the steady-state activation and inactivation curves of Nav1.9 to the depolarization direction and increases the window current, which is consistent with the change in the ramp current. Furthermore, analysis of Nav1.9/Nav1.8 chimeric channels revealed that Gr4b preferentially binds to the voltage-sensor of domain III (DIII VSD) and has additional interactions with the DIV VSD. The site-directed mutagenesis analysis indicated that N1139 and L1143 in DIII S3-S4 linker participate in toxin binding. In sum, this study reports a novel spider peptide toxin that may slow the fast inactivation of Nav1.9 by binding to the new neurotoxin receptor site-DIII VSD. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the functional role of the Nav channel DIII VSD in fast inactivation and activation.

Generally, intestinal microbiota can be classified into intestinal cavity microbiota and mucosal microbiota, among which, the former is the default type. This study aimed to identify the differences between fecal microbiota and intestinal fluid microbiota in colon polys. This study enrolled patients with colon polys who met the Rome-III criteria to carry out 16s rDNA gene sequencing. Then, both fresh feces as well as intestinal fluid was sampled. Thereafter, α/β diversities, together with the heterogeneities with regard to microbial function and structure were assessed among those intestinal fluid and fresh feces samples collected. According to bioinformatics analysis, difference in α-diversity was not statistically significant between intestinal fluid microbiota and fecal microbiota among patients with colorectal polyps (CPs). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of β-diversity revealed that differences were of statistical significance between both groups. In addition, linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis displayed great heterogeneities in intestinal microbiota of both groups, including Firmicutes, Clostridia, and Phascolarctobacterium. At the phylum level, difference (P = .016) in Spirochaetes was statistically significant between the intestinal fluid group and fecal group. At the family level, differences in Bacteroidaceae, Micrococcaceae, F16, Spirocheatacae, Enterobacteriaceae, Cardiobacteriaceae, Turkish Spirobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Dethiosulfovibrionaceae were statistically significant between the 2 groups. At the genus level, there were statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of Bacteroidetes, Rothia, Actinobacillus, F16, Treponema, Oscillospira, Turicibacter, Sharpea, Heamophilus, Veillonella, and Cardiobacterium. There are statistical differences in the composition between intestinal microbiota and fecal microbiota in CP patients, both of which are equally important and indispensable for analyzing the intestinal microbiota in CP patients.

Yanghua Fan,1,* Yu He,2,* Xi Zhou,2,* Yong Liu,2 Fu Wang3 1Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA anti-differentiation noncoding RNA (lncRNA DANCR) can frequently be detected in cancer. Because of this, it is of vital necessity to perform a meta-analysis to clarify the value of lncRNA DANCR as a prognostic marker in malignant tumors.Methods: Related studies were retrieved from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and OVID, from inception to November 21, 2018. The HRs and corresponding 95% CIs were also calculated to explore the relationship of lncRNA DANCR expression with patient survival. Moreover, ORs were computed to assess the association of lncRNA DANCR expression with the pathological parameters.Results : A total of 14 studies involving 1,117 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR suggested that high lncRNA DANCR expression was correlated with poor overall survival (OS; HR =1.85, 95% CI: 1.56–2.18) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR =2.49, 95% CI: 1.75–3.56) in cancer patients. Besides, High lncRNA DANCR expression was related to poor histological grade (PHG; OR =2.01, 95% CI: 1.08–3.75), high tumor stage (HTS; OR =3.52, 95% CI: 1.67–7.43), lymph node metastasis (LNM; OR =3.47, 95% CI: 1.42–8.49), and distant metastasis (DM; OR =4.76, 95% CI: 2.39–9.51). However, no evidence of obvious asymmetry was found for DFS (Pr>|z|=0.308), PHG (Pr>|z|=0.707), LNM (Pr>|z|=0.174), and DM (Pr>|z|=0.734) using Begg’s funnel plot.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high lncRNA DANCR expression can predict poor OS, DFS, PHG, HTS, LNM, and DM in cancer patients, implying that high lncRNA DANCR expression may potentially serve as a new indicator for poor prognosis and metastasis in cancer. Keywords: lncRNA, DANCR, neoplasms, prognosis, metastasis

In postmenopausal women, obesity is a risk factor for the development of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer driven by estrogen. After menopause, aromatization of androgen precursors in adipose tissue is a major synthetic source of estrogen. Recently, in mouse models and women, we identified an obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis. This obesity-induced inflammation is characterized by crown-like structures (CLS) consisting of dead adipocytes encircled by macrophages in breast white adipose tissue. CLS occur in association with NF-κB activation, elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators, and increased aromatase expression. Saturated fatty acids released from adipocytes have been linked to obesity-related white adipose tissue inflammation. Here we found that stearic acid, a prototypic saturated fatty acid, stimulated Akt-dependent activation of NF-κB resulting in increased levels of proinflammatory mediators [TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, COX-2] in macrophages leading, in turn, to the induction of aromatase. Several polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate) blocked these inductive effects of stearic acid. Zyflamend, a widely used polyherbal preparation that contains numerous polyphenols, possessed similar suppressive effects. In a mouse model of obesity, treatment with Zyflamend suppressed levels of phospho-Akt, NF-κB binding activity, proinflammatory mediators, and aromatase in the mammary gland. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting the activation of NF-κB is a promising approach for reducing levels of proinflammatory mediators and aromatase in inflamed mouse mammary tissue. Further investigation in obese women is warranted.

To evaluate the associations of impaction patterns of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) with pathologies caused by them. In this study, 262 patients with 432 impacted M3Ms who referred in Shanghai Xuhui District Center were reviewed. The pathologies include pericoronitis, mandibular second molar (M2M) caries, and M2M distal periodontal pathology. The impaction patterns of M3Ms and the pathologies were examined, while the M2M outcomes after surgeries were evaluated. A χ2 test was used to analyze the data, with a p value of

Qingrong Li,1– 3,* Qiang Ma,1– 3,* Jibing Cheng,1– 3 Xi Zhou,1– 3 Wenjie Pu,1– 3 Xiaowu Zhong,1– 3 Xiaolan Guo1– 3 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China; 2Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaolan GuoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Tel +86-817-2262302Fax +86-817-2282052Email alan5200@hotmail.comAbstract: Cancer is one of the major threats to human health. Although humans have struggled with cancer for decades, the efficacy of treatments for most tumors is still very limited. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a derivative of artemisinin, a first-line antimalarial drug originally developed in China. Beyond the anti-malarial effect, DHA has also been reported to show anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitosis, and immune-modulating properties in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies report that DHA possesses anticancer activities on a wide range of cancer types both in vitro and in vivo, as well as enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and even radiotherapy. However, the mechanisms of DHA on different tumors differ in various ways. In this review, we intend to summarize how DHA sensitizes cancer cells to anti-cancer therapies, highlight its molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo as well as in current clinical trials, and discuss potential issues concerning DHA. Hopefully, more attention will be paid to DHA as a sensitizer for cancer therapy in the future.Keywords: dihydroartemisinin, anti-tumor drugs, sensitizer, molecular mechanism

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become the worst public health crisis in a century. However, knowledge about the dynamics of antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 is still poorly understood. In this study, we performed a serological study with serum specimens collected at the acute and the convalescent phases from 104 patients with severe COVID-19 who were part of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Wuhan, China. Our findings revealed that neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are persistent for at least 6 months in patients with severe COVID-19, despite that IgG levels against the receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid protein (N) IgG declined from the acute to the convalescent phase. Moreover, we demonstrate that the level of RBD-IgG is capable of correlating with SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing activities in COVID-19 serum. In summary, our findings identify the magnitude, functionality, and longevity of antibody responses in patients with COVID-19, which sheds light on the humoral immune response to COVID-19 and would be beneficial for developing vaccines.

Immune-related genes play a significant role in predicting the overall survival and monitoring the status of the cancer immune microenvironment. The aim of this research study was to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) and establish a Cox prediction model for the evaluation of prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transcription expression data, immune gene data, and tumor transcription factor data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal, and the Cistrome Cancer database were analyzed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs), DEIRGs, and differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to obtain potential DEIRGs as independent prognostic factors. Oncomine, The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), TIMER databases were performed to validate the mRNA and protein expression level of DEIRGs. TIMER database was performed to explore the immunocytes infiltration of DEIRGs. In total, 7448 DEGs, 536 DEIRGs, 87 DETFs were identified from 1,037 NSCLC tissues and 108 normal tissues in TCGA database. Fifteen-DEIRG signatures (THBS1, S100P, S100A16, DLL4, CD70, DKK1, IL33, NRTN, PDGFB, STC2, VGF, GCGR, HTR3A, LGR4, SHC3) could be perceived as independent prognostic factors for predicting the overall survival of patients with NSCLC (P = 4.89e--09). Immune cell correlation analysis showed that neutrophils and b cells were positively and negatively correlated with the riskscore of the prediction model, respectively. Our study identified a Cox prediction model based on DEIRGs to predict the overall survival of patients with NSCLC. The immunocyte infiltration analysis provided a novel horizon for monitoring the status of the NSCLC immune microenvironment.

This paper presents a novel method to generate answers for non-extraction machine reading comprehension (MRC) tasks whose answers cannot be simply extracted as one span from the given passages. Using a pointer network-style extractive decoder for such type of MRC may result in unsatisfactory performance when the ground-truth answers are given by human annotators or highly re-paraphrased from parts of the passages. On the other hand, using generative decoder cannot well guarantee the resulted answers with well-formed syntax and semantics when encountering long sentences. Therefore, to alleviate the obvious drawbacks of both sides, we propose an answer making-up method from extracted multi-spans that are learned by our model as highly confident $n$-gram candidates in the given passage. That is, the returned answers are composed of discontinuous multi-spans but not just one consecutive span in the given passages anymore. The proposed method is simple but effective: empirical experiments on MS MARCO show that the proposed method has a better performance on accurately generating long answers, and substantially outperforms two competitive typical one-span and Seq2Seq baseline decoders., Due to the policy of our institute, with the agreement of all of the author, we decide to withdraw this paper

Shuzhong Liu,1,* Xi Zhou,1,* An Song,2 Zhen Huo,3 Siyuan Yao,1 Yipeng Wang,1 Yong Liu,1,* Ling-Ya Pan4,* 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong LiuDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China, Email liuyong_pumch@163.comLing-Ya PanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail panly@pumch.cnObjective: The purpose of this study is to provide key information on the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and potential prognostic factors in patients with metastatic spinal gynecologic cancer (MSGC), with a view to their application in clinical practice.Methods: From January 2010 to January 2020, we performed a retrospective analysis of 14 patients with MSGC who underwent surgical treatment in a single center. Surgical treatment was performed on 14 patients, and a total of 14 operations were performed. The survival time of patients after spinal surgery was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.Results: The average age of patients was 51.9 years (range 25‒70). The average time from initial surgery to the discovery of spinal metastasis was 60.3 months (2‒180), and the average follow-up time was 19.2 months (2‒55). Spinal tumor progression was found in 9 patients, and 12 patients (85.7%) died during follow-up. In univariate analysis, extraosseous visceral metastasis (p = 0.024), revised Tokuhashi stage (p = 0.025), Tomita stage (p = 0.005), and number of spinal lesions (p = 0.038) were associated with overall survival (OS). Extraosseous visceral metastasis (p = 0.026), revised Tokuhashi stage (p = 0.014), Tomita stage (p = 0.001), and gynecological cancer type (p = 0.039) were associated with progression-free survival.Conclusion: Surgical treatment is an effective treatment for MSGC and relieves pain, restores function and rebuilds stability. Based on our single-center experience, extraosseous visceral metastasis, revised Tokuhashi stage, Tomita stage, and gynecological cancer type may be potential prognostic factors for OS.Keywords: clinical prognosis, gynecological cancer, overall survival, progression-free survival, spinal metastasis, surgical treatment

Background To evaluate the associations of impaction patterns of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) with pathologies caused by them. Methods In this study, 262 patients with 432 impacted M3Ms were included. The pathologies include pericoronitis, mandibular second molar (M2M) caries, and M2M distal periodontal pathology. The impaction patterns of M3Ms and the pathologies were examined, and the M2Ms outcomes after the surgeries were evaluated. χ2 test was used to analyze the data and a P value of

Currently, the acquired resistance of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) first-line therapeutic agent-sorafenib (SOR) remains a major challenge for HCC management. Recent evidence suggested the association between CXCL/CXCRs chemokines and chemotherapy resistant in cancer cells. Hence, exploring the internal mechanism of CXCRs involved in SOR resistance will help to improve the efficacy of HCC. SOR-resistant HCC cells (Huh7-SOR) were established through escalating concentration of SOR. Glucose consumption, lactate production, intracellular ATP levels and oxygen consumption of HCC cells were determined by using the associated detected kits. Effects of CXCR3 on metabolic phenotype of HCC cells, AMPK pathway activity and adipocytokines were demonstrated by knocking down CXCR3 expression with the CXCR3 siRNA technique combined with qPCR and western blot. During the indicated procedure, SOR-resistant HCC cells-Huh7-SOR presented EMT-like morphologic change and underwent glycolysis to OXPHOS switch, representing reduced glucose consumption and lactate production, but increased oxygen consumption level and intercellular ATP levels. Moreover, metabolic alteration in SOR-resistance HCC cells was mediated by CXCR3. Mechanistically, CXCR3 induced metabolic alteration in SOR-resistance HCC cells through downregulating AMPK pathway activity and lipid peroxidation as well as upregulating levels of adipocytokines. The activation of A MPK pathway with metformin achieved the sensitization of HCC to SOR treatment in vivo. These findings unravel the association between metabolic alteration and SOR-resistance in HCC cells and demonstrate an important role of CXCR3 in the development of HCC cells resistance to SOR treatment and a novel mechanism of CXCR3 regulating AMPK pathway activity and adipocytokine signaling, lipid peroxidation resulted in metabolic alteration during the chemoresistance.

Assess influencing factors for placenta accreta in pregnant women documented in recent literature. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on English- and Chinese-language articles published from January 2014 to June 2019. Articles were retrieved from the following Chinese databases, CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, CBM and English databases, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase. Eleven studies with 2,152,014 cases were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratios of influencing factors were as follows: hypertension 2.51 (95% CI, 1.50–4.20), multifetal gestations 1.90 (95% CI, 1.26–2.88), male fetus 0.79 (95% CI, 0.74–0.84), and low socioeconomic status 0.51 (95% CI, 0.37–0.71). Evidence from English- and Chinese-language literature indicates that hypertension and multifetal gestations are risk factors for placenta accreta, while male fetus and low socioeconomic status are protective factors.

Rationale: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a highly unusual disease with enormous difficulties in clinical diagnosis and curative managements. The objective of this study is to report a very rare case who underwent surgical treatment of recurrent spinal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. The management of these unique cases has yet to be further elucidated. Patient concerns: A 52-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of back pain and 1-year history of continuous and progressive systemic bone pain. The patient, who had been diagnosed of TIO for 3 years, received surgical treatment of extended resection of spinal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor at L5. Somatostatin receptor tomography revealed the expression of somatostatin in the spine increased significantly, with high suspicion of recurrent phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. Diagnosis: Magnetic resonance imaging of spine and positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed the mass in L5, which was highly indicative of the recurrent pathogenic tumor. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor in the spinal region. Interventions: The patient underwent posterior L5 tumor resection, bone cement reconstruction, L4-S1 spinal canal decompression, and L3-S2 internal fixation. Outcomes: The patient's symptoms improved significantly after the surgery, and we noticed that his hypophosphatemia was successfully corrected after the 2nd operation. Follow-up at 1 month after surgery revealed no recurrence, and the serum phosphorus level of the patient turned to be normal postoperatively. There were no complications associated with the operation during the follow-up period. Lessons: Taken together, the lesion's clinical features, imaging results, and pathologic characteristics are unique. Combined efforts of specialists from orthopedics, endocrinology, nuclear medicine, radiology, pathology, and medical oncology led to the successful diagnosis and management of this patient. TIO, although rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis when the patient has a history of hypophosphatemia and systemic multiple bone pain. We recommend surgical treatment of the phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor in the spinal region. Osteoplasty by bone cement may be a treatment option for patients with TIO who cannot undergo appropriate surgery or decline open surgery.

Single nuclei sequencing of COVID-19 lungs

Introduction: Metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the spine is a highly unusual disease without standard curative managements yet. The objective of this case report is to present a very rare case of metastatic chondrosarcoma to the spine successfully operated by surgical treatment. The management of these unique cases has yet to be well-documented. Patient concerns: A 34-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of continuous and progressive back pain and a 1-month history of radiating pain of bilateral lower extremities. The patient, who had been diagnosed of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of maxillary sinus for 3 years, received surgical treatment of palliative endoscopic-assisted total left maxillary resection via mini Caldwell-Luc approach, and palliative enlarged resection due to the progress of residual lesions, followed by no adjuvant therapy. Multiple lytic, expanding lesions of the spine and paraspinal region with severe epidural spinal cord compression was identified. Diagnosis: CT, MRI and bone scan of spine showed spinal cord compression secondary to the epidural component of the metastatic lesions. Post-operative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas. Interventions: The patient underwent posterior spinal canal decompression, resection of T12 and L3 lesions, internal fixation of T11-L5 pedicles, and cement augmentation of T12 and L3. Outcomes: The patient's neurological deficits improved significantly after the surgery, and the postoperative period was uneventful at the 1-year follow-up visit. There were no complications associated with the spinal surgery during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Metastatic spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, although rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with back pain and radiculopathy. We recommend the posterior approach for spinal decompression and total resection of the metastatic chondrosarcoma when the tumor has caused neurological deficits or other severe symptoms. Osteoplasty by cement augmentation is also a good choice for surgical treatment in some patients.

Rationale: Giant synovial osteochondromatosis of the thigh is a highly unusual disease without standard diagnosis and curative managements so far. Our focus is to report a very rare case of giant synovial osteochondromatosis successfully operated by surgical treatment. The management of these unique cases has certain educational significance in clinical practice. Patient concerns: A 63-year-old previously healthy man presented to our institution with a 4-year history of continuous progressive hip pain and local numbness of right side in January 2018. One month ago, the patient felt that the above symptoms were aggravated, and the right hip and proximal thigh were significantly swollen. Diagnosis: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the hip revealed the irregular mass in his right thigh. Post-operative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of synovial osteochondromatosis of the thigh. Interventions: Considering the large volume of the mass and possibility of malignancy, the patient underwent surgical exploration and complete tumor resection. Outcomes: The patient's neurological deficits and symptoms improved significantly after the surgery, and the postoperative period was uneventful at the 1-year follow-up visit. There were no complications associated with the operation during the follow-up period. Lessons: Taken together, the lesion's clinical features, imaging results, and pathological characteristics are unique. Synovial osteochondromatosis of the thigh, although rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with local pain, numbness, swelling or other symptoms. We recommend surgical treatment for the occupying lesion when the tumor has caused symptoms or neurological deficits.

Rationale: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare aggressive type of cancer whose prognosis is poor, particularly for metastatic entities. Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma in the spine is a rare disease with no standard curative managements yet. The objective of this study is to report a very rare case of spinal metastases of adrenocortical carcinoma successfully managed by combination of cement augmentation, radiotherapy together with adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy. The management of these unique cases has yet to be well-documented. Patient concerns: A 42-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of continuous and progressive back pain. The patient, who had been diagnosed of right pheochromocytoma, received surgical treatment of right adrenalectomy 14 months ago in another hospital, followed by no further treatment. Diagnosis: Magnetic resonance imaging of spine showed vertebral pathological fracture of L1, spinal cord compression secondary to the epidural component of the L1 mass, with increased metastatic marrow infiltration of the right L1 vertebral body, which presented as a solid tumor. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of spinal metastases of adrenocortical carcinoma. Interventions: The patient underwent cement augmentation via a posterior approach, radiotherapy, radiofrequency ablation of psoas major muscle occupying lesions, right chest wall, liver and kidney recess together with adjuvant PD-1 therapy. Outcomes: The patient's neurological deficits improved significantly after the surgery, and the postoperative period was uneventful at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up visit. There were no complications associated with the operation during the follow-up period. Lessons: Combined efforts of specialists from orthopedics, urology, interventional radiology, radiotherapy, pathology, endocrinology, and medical oncology led to the successful diagnosis and management of this patient. Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma of the spine, although rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis when the patient has a history of adrenal carcinoma and presents with back pain, myelopathy, or radiculopathy. We recommend the posterior approach for total excision of the spinal metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma when the tumor has caused neurological deficits. Osteoplasty by cement augmentation, radiotherapy, and targeted PD-1 therapy may also be good choices for treatment.

Extracting horizontal mandibular 3rd molars face considerable difficulty due to the large bone and adjacent tooth resistances. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of a novel method-mesiolingual root rotation to extract wisdom teeth of this type. In this study, 73 horizontal teeth extracted using piezosurgery were reviewed and classified based on impaction depth: position I, II, III refers to the highest portion of the crown on a level with upper 1/3, middle 1/3, lower 1/3 of the 2rd molar’s root. Based on the surgical simulations on their 3D CBCT reconstructions, traditional method(crown distal rotation) and novel method(root mesiolingual rotation) are applied. 79.17% of teeth in position I and 57.89% of teeth in position II were designed using traditional method, 83.33% teeth in position III were designed using the novel method(p

Giant abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor is exceedingly rare, thus may bring great challenges to the timely and proper diagnosis and treatment of clinicians. The only definitive management is complete removal of the abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor. The objective of this article is to report surgical treatment and follow-up outcomes of three unusual cases with giant abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor. We describe 3 patients with giant hemophilic pseudotumor involving the abdomen who were successfully treated with tumor resection. On presentation to our institution, the patients all had signs of giant cystic lesions in abdomen, and the patients’ most outstanding complaints were aggravated abdominal pain. All of three patients underwent complete excision of abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor. The patients showed adequate pain relief compared with the previous status. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment option for patients with giant abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor who can undergo appropriate surgical treatment. This represents a safe and reasonable approach to sustainably relieve pain and other symptoms with giant hemophilic pseudotumor in the abdomen. Perioperative coagulation factor replacement therapy is also of great significance in reducing the risks and complications.

Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is an extraordinarily uncommon and aggressive tumor which have poor prognosis. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with additional rhabdomyoblasts are found in MTT histologically. The prognosis of patients is poor. The goal of our study is to describe the largest number of cases characteristic and outcome, to our knowledge, such a presentation was not described in the English-language literature until now. From 1999 to 2014, 10 patients (5 women and 5 men) with a malignant triton tumor were treated at our institution. All these cases were followed-up and patient charts were analyzed for outcome. In our study, 3 cases of the Malignant triton tumors originate in the head, 2 cases in the joints, 2 cases in the retroperitoneum, 2 cases in the soft tissues of the thoracic wall, and 1 case in the prostate. Neoplasm associated with pain was the main manifestation. Patients have a poor prognosis. Completely surgical excision of the tumor is the only treatment. Additional radiation or chemotherapy show little effect. Malignant triton tumor is a rare sarcoma. The high probability of developing local recurrence and distant metastases could account for its poor prognosis.

Rationale: Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate in specialized cells derived from the neural crest with metastasis to the thoracic spine being among the rarest forms. Here, we are presenting a detailed analysis of a case of malignant paraganglioma in the thoracic spinal region in a 14-year-old boy. Our focus is to emphasize the importance of considering malignant paraganglioma as a diagnosis and guiding the perioperative management upon surgical treatment. The management of these unique cases has yet to be well-documented. Patient concerns: A 14-year-old boy presented with a 5-month history of continuous and progressive elevated blood pressure and back pain. The patient, who had been diagnosed of malignant paraganglioma in the left posterior mediastinum for 3 months, received surgical resection of paraganglioma in the left posterior mediastinum, which had involved the left intervertebral foramen of T4. However, the tumor was not completely resected during the first operation. Diagnoses: Magnetic resonance imaging of spine and positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed spinal cord compression secondary to the epidural component of the T4 mass, with increased marrow infiltration of the left T4 intervertebral foramen, which was difficult to be removed. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of spinal involvement of malignant paraganglioma. Interventions: The patient underwent biopsy and percutaneous vertebroplasty of T4 and paravertebral lesions, and needle-track cement augmentation via a posterior approach. Outcomes: The patient's neurological deficits improved significantly after the surgery, and the postoperative period was uneventful at the 10-month follow-up visit. There were no other complications associated with the operation during the follow-up period. Lessons: Combined efforts of specialists from orthopedics, neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and medical oncology led to the successful diagnosis and management of this patient. Malignant paraganglioma of thoracic spine, although rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis when the patient has a history of paraganglioma and presents with back pain and radiculopathy. We recommend the posterior approach for spinal decompression of the malignant paraganglioma when the tumor has caused neurological deficits. Osteoplasty by cement augmentation is also a good choice for surgical treatment. However, we need to take the potential risk of complications in bone cement applications into full consideration.

In this technical report, we describe our solution to temporal action proposal (task 1) in ActivityNet Challenge 2019. First, we fine-tune a ResNet-50-C3D CNN on ActivityNet v1.3 based on Kinetics pretrained model to extract snippet-level video representations and then we design a Relation-Aware Pyramid Network (RapNet) to generate temporal multiscale proposals with confidence score. After that, we employ a two-stage snippet-level boundary adjustment scheme to re-rank the order of generated proposals. Ensemble methods are also been used to improve the performance of our solution, which helps us achieve 2nd place., Submission to temporal action proposal task in ActivityNet Challenge 2019