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Yan-Ling Yin,1,* Mei-Rong Sun,1,* Kun Zhang,1 Yu-Hong Chen,1 Jie Zhang,1 Shao-Kun Zhang,1 Li-Li Zhou,1 Yan-Shuo Wu,1 Peng Gao,1 Kang-Kang Shen,1 Zhen-Jie Hu1,2 1Department of ICU, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhen-Jie Hu, Tel +86-0311-86095588, Email Hu_zhj11@126.comAim: This study investigated the current status and related risk factors of 48-hour unplanned return to the intensive care unit (ICU) to reduce the return rate and improve the quality of critical care management.Methods: Data were collected from 2365 patients discharged from the comprehensive ICU. Multivariate and 1:1 propensity score matching analyses were performed.Results: Forty patients (1.69%) had unplanned readmission to the ICU within 48 hours after transfer. The primary reason for return was respiratory failure (16 patients, 40%). Furthermore, respiratory failure (odds ratio [OR] = 5.994, p = 0.02) and the number of organ failures (OR = 5.679, p = 0.006) were independent risk factors for unplanned ICU readmission. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn for the predictive value of the number of organ injuries during a patient’s unplanned transfer to the ICU (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.744, sensitivity = 60%, specificity = 77.5%).Conclusion: The reason for patient transfer and the number of organ injuries during the process were independent risk factors for patients who were critically ill. The number of organs damaged had a predictive value on whether the patient would return to the ICU within 48 hours.Keywords: risk factors, 48-hour unplanned readmission, comprehensive ICU, propensity-matched study, respiratory failure

Background: To investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Chinese female nurses during the controlled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period and explore its associated socio-demographic factors and job characteristics.Methods: With the multistage, stratified sampling method, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted from September to October 2020 in China. The survey tool included revised Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with 15 items, socio-demographic and job characteristics. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate factor logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors for burnout of female nurses.Results: During controlled COVID-19 period in China, the overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among Chinese female nurses was 60.2% with a breakdown in severity as follows: 451 (39.8 %) mild, 163 (14.4%) moderate, and 68 (6.0%) severe burnout. Little variance was reported for burnout symptoms according to job tenure (Waldχ2 = 14.828, P < 0.05,odds ratio [OR] Waldχ2 = 12.460, P < 0.05, OR Waldχ2 = 3.821, P < 0.05, OR > 1).Conclusion: Burnout symptoms among Chinese female nurses were prevalent and associated with job tenure, monthly salary income, and night shift. Female nurses who were with shorter job tenure, worked at night shifts, and had lower monthly salaries tended to exhibit increasing high-level burnout than their counterparts. This study serves as an implication for administrators and policy-makers to improve the work conditions of nurses for promoting overall healthcare service quality.

In order to improve the performance of underwater vehicle, the noise produced by underwater vehicle is studied. In this design, PXIe-6366 data acquisition module and computer are used as the main hardware. By mastering the application technology of virtual instrument, a noise data acquisition system with the functions of configuration, acquisition and data playback is designed. At the same time, the login module and user management module are designed to ensure the security and standardization of the system.

Submerged arc furnace, also known as electric arc furnace or resistance electric furnace, it is an industrial electric furnace with continuous operation and huge power consumption. It is mainly used for smelting calcium carbide, industrial silicon, ferrosilicon, silicomanganese, ferronickel, ferrochrome and other important modern industries. In order to solve the problems of the accuracy of length measurement in the submerged arc furnace and the difficulty of the upper computer to collect and process the acoustic signal, In this paper, the loss characteristics and propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic in the submerged arc furnace and the time-domain response characteristics of the RLC resonant circuit based on the magnetostrictive transducer under the excitation of the sinusoidal signal are optimized. The study found that in the under-damped response, the time for the magnetostrictive transducer RLC resonant circuit to reach the steady-state response has an exponential relationship with the external resistance of the resonant circuit. In other words, a suitable external resistance can be selected under the under-damped response. The external resistance value not only ensures that the time for the current to reach a steady state is less than 200us, but also ensures that the impedance of the loop is small enough to obtain a current that meets the requirements.

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Additional file 2: Table S2. Primer sequences of different promoter regions of Dnmt3a (��� 2860 bp to + 140 bp)

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Additional file 1: Table S1. Clinical characteristics of 12 samples (six JAK2V617F-positive cMPNs patients and six normal controls), from which bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated

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Additional file 4: Fig. S2. Uncropped images of Fig. 1C

Oral mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are renowned in the field of tissue engineering/regeneration for their multilineage differentiation potential and easy acquisition. These cells encompass the periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), the dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSCs), the stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), the gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (GMSCs), the stem/progenitor cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the dental follicle stem/progenitor cells (DFSCs), the bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (BM-MSCs) from the alveolar bone proper, and the human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs). Apart from their remarkable regenerative potential, oral MSCs possess the capacity to interact with an inflammatory microenvironment. Although inflammation might affect the properties of oral MSCs, they could inversely exert a multitude of immunological actions to the local inflammatory microenvironment. The present review discusses the current understanding about the immunomodulatory role of oral MSCs both in periodontitis and systemic diseases, their “double-edged sword” uniqueness in inflammatory regulation, their affection of the immune system, and the underlying mechanisms, involving oral MSC-derived extracellular vesicles.

In a sound wave measurement engineer, a combination focusing device of right angle cone and parabola was designed to increase the emission sound pressure, and by exploring and simulating the relationship between the position and size of the spherical focus area and the height of the right-angled cone, the position of the apex of the right-angled cone, the focal length of the parabolic and other parameters. The analytical relationship between each parameter and the sound pressure level of the spherical area focused at a certain position from the vertex of the right-angled cone is obtained.

Objective To summarize the method and experiences of the treatment of upper ureteral calculi with ureteroscope after anterograde low-pressure irrigation by percutaneous nephrostomy fistulation, and to establish a minimal invasive operation mode with high clearance of stone and low urinary infection rate. Methods Fifty-eight patients were enrolled with upper ureteral calculi having undergone ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014 in 309 Hospital of PLA. Before surgery, all patients had undergone percutaneous nephrostomy under ultrasound scanning. Low-pressure flushing was done during operation, and ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy was done during surgery. Patients in whom complete ureteroscopy could not be done were excluded. Among 58 patients, 33 were male and 25 female, the mean age was 43.5 years (22-67 years), and the average length of the ureter stones was 1.25cm (0.7-1.8cm). Results The ureter stones in 54 cases (93.1%) were successfully crushed during the operation; the ureter stones in 2 cases (3.4%) were wrapped by granulation tissue, and the operation was changed to laparoscopic surgery. Fragments of stones were returned to the renal pelvis during the operation in 2 patients (3.4%), and in 1 patient a D-J indwelling tube was inserted and extracorporeal shock wave for lithotripsy was done. One another patient underwent a secondary ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The mean operative time was about 47min (24-70min). No infection or secondary bleeding occurred 2 days after the removal of nephrostomy tube. The mean time of hospitalization was 4.5d (2-7d). No infection or leakage of urine occurred in all the patients. Conclusions Treatment of upper urinary calculi with ureteroscope after anterograde low-pressure irrigation through percutaneous nephrostomy fistula is a safe and effective operation method which is easy to perform, with low cost, minimal invasion, fewer complications, lower rate of ureter stone returning to pelvis and higher stone clearance rate. It is the preferred treatment of upper urinary calculi. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.02.11

Objective To compare the safety of two antibody inductors, namely lymphocytes scavenger and IL-2 receptor blocking agent, in living kidney transplantation. Methods The data of 191 patients, who received living kidney transplant in our hospital from Feb. 2007 to Jul. 2012, were retrospectively analyzed, and grouped according to the inductors they received as: a) lymphocytes scavenger group (n=56), with rabbit antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG, 4 cases) and porcine antihuman T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin (pATG, 52 cases) served as the inductor; b) IL -2 receptor blocking agent group (n=54), with basiliximab (40 cases) and daclizumab (14 cases) served as the inductor; and c) control group (n=81). The incidence of rejection and infection, and the survival rate of patient/allograft within one year were then compared among the three groups. Results Within one year after the transplantation, the incidence of acute rejection in lymphocytes scavenger group, IL-2 receptor blocking agent group and control group was 12.5%, 11.1% and 28.4%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two inductor groups and control group (P=0.003), but no significant difference was found between the two inductor groups (P>0.05). The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) in the three groups was 8.9%, 7.4% and 13.6%, respectively, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Also there was no significant difference among the three groups in the incidence of infection and the survival rate of patient/allograft within one year after transplantation (P>0.05). Conclusion Both inductors may significantly reduce the incidence of acute rejection within one year without increasing the incidence of infection and other adverse events, nor affect the postoperative patient/graft survival, so they are both safe and effective.

Objective The present paper aims to summarize the surgical and perioperative management techniques for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation(SPKT) with insulin systemic circulation reflux and enteric drainage to reduce surgical risks and complications and improve the long-term survival of transplanted organs.Methods The present paper retrospectively analyzes the clinical data,surgical techniques,and prevention of surgery-related complications from five cases that received SPKT with insulin systemic circulation reflux and enteric drainage.These five patients suffered from Type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy resulting in uremia.They were admitted to the Organ Transplant Center of the 309th Hospital of PLA from 2003 to 2010.Results Of the five successful SPKT cases,three patients had normally functioning graft pancreas and kidneys and were able to stop their insulin and hypoglycemic drug medications and dialysis.Two cases had delayed kidney graft functions.One suffered perioperative death due to infection and multiple organ failure,and the other received graft pancreas resection due to a leaky gut caused by donor duodenal segment necrosis.The graft kidney,however,retained normal function.The insulin medication was stopped after an average time of 15 days,and blood creatinine returned to its normal level after 10 days.The graft survival was checked after 12 months to 96 months(by July of 2011),and the graft procedure was found to be successful.Conclusions SPKT with insulin systemic circulation reflux and enteric drainage is the preferred surgical technique for pancreas transplantation.Enhanced surgical skills and effective perioperative management can help reduce,and even eliminate,postoperative complications and improve graft survival.

A molecular dynamics simulation was performed to examine the formation properties of clusters during the solidification of liquid Ca7Mg3 alloy. Pair distribution functions, Honeycutt-Andersen (HA) bond-type index method, cluster-type index method, and genetic tracking were used to analyze the formation and evolution of cluster structures during rapid solidification processes. Results show that amorphous structures are mainly formed with the 1551, 1541, and 1431 bond-types at a cooling rate of 1×1012 K·s-1. The basic cluster (12 0 12 0) plays a key role in the formation of amorphous structures during rapid solidification processes. The stability of a cluster is related to the type of basic clusters and also the type of central atoms as well as the bonding modes between all central atoms. Bonding among the basic clusters (12 0 12 0) allows the formation of larger clusters because of the lower energy and the better genetic characteristic of the basic cluster (12 0 12 0). These bigger clusters are obviously different from those obtained by gaseous deposition and ionic spray methods.

The young child feeding questionnaire (YCFQ). (PDF 122Â kb)

The baseline questionnaire. (PDF 134Â kb)

The follow-up questionnaire. (PDF 107Â kb)

Over-activation of SUMOylation is correlated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM), with the mechanism unclear. Wnt signaling is one of the aberrantly regulated pathways related to cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Whether SUMOylation is involved in regulating the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, however, has not been reported in MM. Here we found that the TOPflash reporter activity and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes can be down-regulated after interference with SUMOylation through SUMO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). SUMOylation inhibition down-regulated β-catenin at protein level via promotion of ubiquitin-proteasomal mediated degradation. Furthermore, over-expression of β-catenin rescued Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity and partially prevented increased apoptosis and growth inhibition induced by SUMOylation inhibition, indicating that β-catenin was responsible for the observed effect on Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To gain a clearer view, we exploited the inter-protein interactions of β-catenin and SUMO-1 in myeloma cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay proved that β-catenin is subjected to SUMOylation in vivo, which may, at least partially explain the impact of SUMOylation inhibition on β-catenin. The association of SUMO-1 and β-catenin was confirmed in myeloma patient samples. Taken together, our data proved that SUMOylation inhibition down-regulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway by promoting the ubiquitin-proteasomal mediated degradation of β-catenin. SUMOylation of β-catenin is part of the mechanisms involved in the dysregulated proliferation of myeloma cells.

LAIR-1, the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1, is a trans-membrane molecule that functions as an inhibitory receptor on natural killer cells, T lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been well known that many trans-membrane receptors can shed from the cell surface and be released into the circulation in soluble form when lymphocytes, endothelials and other immune cells are activated. In many cases, the levels of soluble receptors in the circulation can be used as markers of lymphocyte activation in transplant patients and virus infection patients. To investigate whether LAIR-1 is able to be released into the sera, we developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system based on two anti-LAIR-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) with different epitope specificities. Using this ELISA, we found that sLAIR-1 existed in the supernatants collected from PMA, PHA or CD3 MAb-stimulated lymphocytes cultures in vitro for the first time. Moreover, we found that LAIR-1 level in serum samples from healthy individuals was 6.2 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, whereas the levels in sera of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and patients 3-7 days after kidney transplant increased to 47.2 +/- 35.9 and 24.4 +/- 16.0 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, HFRS patients in oliguric phase showed higher serum sLAIR-1 levels than those in other phases, and transplant patients with rejection showed higher serum sLAIR-1 level than those without rejection. These findings demonstrated that LAIR-1 can be released when lymphocytes are activated, suggesting sLAIR-1 may be used as a predictor for monitoring immune reaction in some virus infections and organ transplants which may be useful in clinical treatment of these diseases.

We propose a strategy to measure weak static magnetic fields with nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond. Inspired by avian magnetoreception models, we consider the feasibility of utilizing quantum coherence phenomena to measure weak static magnetic fields. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers are regarded as the ideal platform to study quantum sciences as a result of its long coherence time up to a millisecond timescale. In high-purity diamond, hyperfine interaction with 13C nuclear spins dominates the decoherence process. In this paper, we numerically simulate the decoherence process between 0 and +1 of the individual NV color center spin in 13C nuclear baths with various of magnitudes of external magnetic fields. By applying Hahn echo into the system, we obtain the coherence of NV color center spin as a function of total evolution time and magnetic field. Furthermore we obtain the high-accuracy relationship between the three decoherence-characteristic timescales, i.e. T_W, T_R, T_2, and magnetic field B. And we draw a conclusion that T_R has the highest sensitivity about magnetic field among the three time-scales. Thus, for a certain NV color center, T_R can be the scale for the magnitude of magnetic field, or rather, the component along the NV electronic spin axis. When measuring an unknown magnetic field, we adjust the NV axis to three mutually orthogonal directions respectively. By this means, we obtain the three components of the magnetic field and thus the magnitude and direction of the actual magnetic field. The accuracy could reach 60 nT/Hz^{1/2},and could be greatly improved by using an ensemble of NV color centers or diamond crystals purified with 12C atoms., 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Background The organic solvent solution immersion method was often used to achieve the loading of the drugs into mesoporous silica, but the drugs that have loaded into the pores of the mesoporous silica would inevitable migrate from the inside to the external surface or near the outside surface during the process of drying. Hence, it often leads to the pores of mesoporous materials not be fully utilized, and results in a low drug loading efficiency and a fast releasing rate. Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a novel drug loading strategy to avoid soluble component migration during the process of drying, then, to prepare poorly water-soluble drug mesoporous silica microparticles with higher drug loading efficiency and longer sustained-release time. Method Ibuprofen was used as model drug. The microparticles were prepared by a novel method based on mesoporous silica and supercritical fluid (SCF) technique. The drug-loaded mesoporous silica microparticles prepared by SCF technique were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro releasing study was used to evaluate the sustained-release effect of the drug-loaded microparticles. Results By virtue of the high diffusibility and the high dissolving capacity of the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2), the poorly water-soluble drugs, ibuprofen, entered the pores of the mesoporous silica. The amount and the depth of ibuprofen entered the pores of the mesoporous silica by SCF technique were both larger than those by the solution immersion method. It was found that ibuprofen loaded into the mesoporous silica by SCF technique was amorphous and the largest amount of the ibuprofen loaded into the mesoporous silica by SCF technique could reach 386 mg/g (w/w, ibuprofen/SiO2), it was more than that by the solution immersion method. In vitro releasing study showed that the sustained-release effect of ibuprofen in the samples prepared by SCF technique was 50% in 15 min and 90% in 60 min. It was longer than that prepared by the solution immersion method. Conclusion Present study showed that sustained-release poorly water-soluble drug mesoporous silica microparticle based on SCF technique has twofold advantages. One is the larger drug loading amount in internal pores of the mesoporous silica, the other is the longer drug releasing time.

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and FasL can participate in cell mediated cytotoxicity via their death domain-mediated apoptotic signaling in the host-versus-graft disease occurred after renal transplantation. However, the effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) commonly used as a drug to prevent and to treat renal transplant rejection, on these molecules have not been fully determined. In the present study, we found that with CsA administration, the expression of TRAIL and FasL predominantly on NK cells from renal transplantation patients was increased at day 5 after operation and went down to normal level on day 13. While, the levels of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and sFasL in the serum increased within 25 days and went down to normal level three month later. In addition, we showed that a remarkable increase of TRAIL and FasL expression both on the surface of activated lymphocytes especially on NK cells and in the supernatants generated from mixed lymphocytes culture (MLC). Furthermore, the enhancement of these two molecules was greatly decreased by adding 500 ng/mL CsA at the beginning of MLC. We conclude that CsA may inhibit the transplant rejection partially by down-regulating the expression of TRAIL and FasL on NK cells.

To investigate the role of IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the proliferation of cholangiocyte induced by cold ischemia and reperfusion injury.Rats were randomized into CP 1 h and CP 12 h groups (supplied livers were preserved for 1 or 12 h), anti-IL-6R (rats in CP 12 h group were administrated with anti-rat soluble IL-6 receptor antibody), and control group. At 1, 3, 7, 14 d postoperative, IL-6 concentration in liver homogenate and cholangiocyte proliferation were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and histochemistry respectively. Expressions of IL-6 mRNA, phosphorylated-STAT3 and cyclin D1 protein in cholangiocytes were determined by real-time PCR or Western blot analysis. Serum concentrations of ALP and GGT and histology analysis were also performed.Minimal expressions of IL-6, p-STAT3 and cyclin D1 were detected in CP 1 h group, with a slight cholangiocytes proliferation. Cholangiocytes responded to extended cold preservation with severe bile duct injures and marked increase in IL-6 secretion, p-STAT3 and cyclin D1 protein expression, followed by compensatory cholangiocytes regeneration. Parallel to this observation, biochemical index and morphology indicated that bile duct injury was recovery at 14 d postoperative. However, anti-sIL-6R inhibited cholangiocytes proliferation and reduced the expressions of IL-6, STAT3 and cyclin D, with the cellular injury and increase of serum ALP or GGT.IL-6/STAT3 pathway might participate to initiate cholangiocytes regeneration after cold ischemia and preservation injury, which might benefit biliary recovery after liver transplantation.

To investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates cholangiocyte proliferation via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in vivo.Rats were randomized into three groups: LPS group (injected intravenously with LPS 2.5 mg/kg), anti-IL-6 group (injected intravenously with anti-IL-6 0.5 mg/kg 1hr after LPS injection), and control group. At 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after LPS injection, LPS concentration in plasma was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test. IL-6 concentrations in liver homogenate was determinded by ELISA, cholangiocyte proliferation was checked by immunohistochemistry, expression of IL-6 mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR, the level of phophorylated-STAT3 (P-STAT3) protein was analyzed by western blotting.Cholangiocytes responded to LPS by a marked increase in cell proliferation, IL-6 secretion and P-STAT3 expression. Anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody inhibited LPS-induced cholangiocytes proliferation, and decreased levels of IL-6 and p-STAT3.LPS promotes cholangiocyte proliferation through the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

A new 27.5 kV rated vacuum circuit breaker with bi-stable permanent magnetic actuator is designed and developed on the basis of electromagnetic field analysis coupled motion. Firstly, the static characteristics of the permanent magnetic actuator are obtained using the finite element model with use of Ansoft software package. Next, the electrical circuit and mechanical models which describe the behavior of the circuit breaker are constructed using Matlab package. The dynamic characteristics are simulated on the basis of over static simulation. And results for the time variations of the coil current, the displacement of the contact system, move velocity and electromagnetic force are obtained. Finally, the testing plant is designed and the experiment is conducted in order to evaluate veracity of the simulation, it is indicated that simulation results coincide well with that of the experiment.

A laboratory-scale study of the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater was carried out using the combined process of ABR and circulated moving carrier membrane bioreactor. ABR was maintained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8.5 hours and at a temperature of indoor temperature. The experiment is consisted of two parts: The fist section is that using amylum as sizing agent to inspect the reactor treat capability; When the influent COD was 1585 -5301 mg/L, the effluent COD was 42 mg/L overall 97% of COD removal. The average removal rates of COD, NH4-N, and color were 97%, 90%, 94%. The second section is that using PVA as sizing agent to inspect mainly on the effect of hydrolysis and acidgenisis of ABR and the organic removal effect of the system. Results showed that excellent effluent quality could obtained after the degradability of the refractory wastewater has been improved greatly in ABR.

An improved AOC algorithm aiming at the inefficiency of original AOC operations is proposed in this paper. After extraction of the level set of the lowest gray in foreground, area open (close) operation is carried out, whose result is then compared with the original image, resulting in the level set of next gray level. Iterative goes on in an order from low level to high one, until the final result is achieved. Experiment results show that this algorithm can remove lots of small regions earlier. It improved the efficiency obviously, preserving an equal effect of the original method.

Objective The present study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of and preventive measures for varicella occurring early after renal transplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to obtain a clinical summary of the clinical data and treatment process of four patients who received transplantation and suffered from varicella early after transplantation.These four patients were admitted to the Organ Transplant Center of the 309th Hospital of PLA from January 2009 to December 2010.Results The four patients did not suffer from varicella infection before transplantation.The primary varicella infection occurred 38,62,70,and 90 days after transplantation.All cases were successfully treated by reducing the immunodepressant and by administering antiviral drugs.Conclusions The patients suffered from varicella via opportunistic infection after transplantation.Although large amounts of immunosuppressive drugs should be used early after renal transplantation,excessive immunity may cause varicella and other opportunistic infections.

A simulation study has been performed for the rapid solidification process of liquid Mg7Zn3 alloy by using molecular dynamics method. The pair distribution function g(r) curves, the bond-type index method of Honeycutt-Andersen (H-A), the cluster-type index method and the genetic tracking method have been used to analyze the formation and evolution properties of cluster structures during the solidification process. The results show that the bonding probability between Zn-Zn atoms is increased obviously during the solidification process at cooling rate of 1×1012 K ·s-1. The amorphous structures are formed mainly with the 1551, 1541 and 1431 bond-types, and the turning point of the relation curve of the characteristic 1551 bond-type with temperature is corresponding to the glass transition temperature Tg, thus it maybe become a new method to determine Tg. The basic cluster (12 0 12 0) consisting of 1551 bond-type plays a key role in forming amorphous structure, and becomes the main body of the large clusters which are formed by the combination of some middle and small clusters with distinctly different sizes, through mutual competition by unceasing annex and evolution in a seesaw manner (in turn of obtaining and losing).

A tracing simulation has been performed for the solidification of liquid Pb at six different cooling rates by molecular dynamics method. The pair distribution function g(r) curves, the bond-type index method of Honeycutt-Andersen(HA), the cluster-type index method and average coordination numbers have been used to analyze the evolution of micro-cluster structures during solidification processes. The results show that there is a critical cooling rate (in the range of 1×1013 and 5×1012 K·s-1) for forming amorphous or crystal structure. When the cooling rate is higher than the critical cooling rate, amorphous structures are formed mainly with the 1551,1541 and 1431 bond-types. When the cooling rate is lower than the critical cooling rate, the crystal structures mainly with the 1441 and 1661 bond-types or the bcc basic cluster (14 6 0 8 0 0) are firstly formed, and keep stable for a period of time, and then rapidly transform to the partial crystalline structure mainly with the 1421 and 1422 bond-types, or the fcc basic cluster (12 0 0 0 12 0) and the hcp basics cluster (12 0 0 0 6 6) coexisting in a certain proportion . At the same time, it has been found that there are obvious effects of the cooling rate on the relative proportion of the fcc basic clusters to the hcp basic clusters, the smaller the cooling rate is, the bigger relative proportion of the fcc basic cluster, and the system tends to form highly perfect fcc crystal structure.