Search

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Neferine in treating endometriosis fibrosis by TGF-β/ERK signaling pathway through a combination of network pharmacological analysis of Lotus embryos, in vivo animal experiments, and in vitro cell experiments. Methods: The active ingredients of the drug lotus embryos, the drug targets and the targets of endometriosis were determined from the TCMSP database, the Swiss Target Prediction database and GeneCard and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. The String database and Cytoscape 3.6.3 software were used to construct the network of common target protein interactions between drug and disease, as well as the target network. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the common targets was performed. We designed endometriosis mouse models with Neferine to investigate the therapeutic effect of Neferine on the fibrosis model of endometriosis and its mechanism of action. Different methods were used to evaluate the treated endometriotic lesion tissue and the untreated ectopic lesion tissue. The 12Z cells (human endometriosis immortalized cells) were cultured in vitro and treated with Neferine to detect cell viability and the effects of invasion and metastasis. Results: The results of GO function and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the role pathways of lotus germ were TGF-β signaling pathway, ERK1/2 signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Neferine which is one of the effective active ingredients of lotus germ, significantly inhibited the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, connective tissue growth factor, and smooth muscle actin by activating the TGF-β/ERK pathway in vivo, which is required for the fibrosis process of endometriosis. Neferine also significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis ability of 12Z cells. Conclusion: Neferine inhibits the progression of endometriosis both in vitro and in vivo. Its mechanism of action may involve the regulation of the TGF-β/ERK signaling pathway, leading to the inhibition of fibrosis in endometriosis.

Objective To explore whether RhoA plays a role in the migration and invasion of the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines SACC-LM and SACC-83. Methods Total RNA and total protein were extracted from 20 salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and normal adjacent tissues frozen in liquid nitrogen to detect RhoA expression. RhoA-siRNA was constructed to transfect two cell lines (SACC-LM and SACC-83) for cytological experiments. The research included an experimental group (RhoA-siRNA transfection), negative control group (siRNA-NC transfection) and blank group by transient transfection with liposomes. Expression of RhoA mRNA and protein as well as the protein expression of biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were analyzed, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin. Furthermore, the changes in invasion and migration of cells in each group were analyzed by comparing the number of transmembrane cells in the Transwell assay and the results of the scratch test. Results Compared with normal adjacent tissues, RhoA protein and mRNA levels increased in SACC tissues. Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of RhoA mRNA and protein decreased (P < 0.01), the relative expression levels of E-cadherin protein increased, and the relative expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin protein increased in the experimental group (P < 0.01). Additionally, the trial results revealed that RhoA knockdown restrained cell migration and invasion (P < 0.01). Conclusion RhoA expression increased in SACC tissue. Silencing RhoA in vitro could effectively restrain cell migration and invasion in SACC-LM and SACC-83 cells through the regulation of EMT signaling pathways.

ObjectivesSteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the lack of response to standard steroid therapy, usually progressing to end-stage renal disease. We reported two cases of female identical twins with SRNS caused by SGPL1 variants in one family, reviewed the relevant literature, and summarized their clinical phenotypes, pathological types, and genotypic characteristics.MethodsTwo cases of nephrotic syndrome caused by SGPL1 variants were admitted to Tongji Hospital, affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Their clinical data were retrospectively collected, and the peripheral blood genomic DNA was captured and sequenced by whole exome sequencing. Related literature published in PubMed, CNKI, and Wan fang databases was reviewed.ResultsWe described two Chinese identical twin girls with isolated SRNS due to compound heterozygous variants in the SGPL1 (intron4 c.261 + 1G > A and intron12 c.1298 + 6T > C). The patients were followed up for 60.0 months and 53.0 months, respectively, having no extra-renal manifestations. They all died due to renal failure. A total of 31 children with SGPL1 variants causing nephrotic syndrome (including the reported two cases) were identified through a literature review.ConclusionsThese two female identical twins were the first reported cases of isolated SRNS caused by SGPL1 variants. Almost all homozygous and compound heterozygous variants of SGPL1 had extra-renal manifestations, but compound heterozygous variants in the intron of SGPL1 may have no obvious extra-renal manifestations. Additionally, a negative genetic testing result does not completely rule out genetic SRNS because the Human Gene Mutation Database or ClinVar is constantly being updated.

The effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using LAK cells and IL-2 depends on the accumulation of transferred effector cells at the tumour sites. In vitro LAK cell have been demonstrated to have broad cytotoxic activity to a wide variety of tumour cells in a non-major-histocompatibility complex-restricted manner, and independent of the presence of tumour specific antigens. LAK cells have now been used effectively in a small number of human trials. The effective delivery of these cells to the tumour site in vivo is one of the main aspects of this type of immunotherapy that requires further investigation. Conventional systemic infusion has shown a limited migration pattern of LAK cells. In this study the degree of entrapment of LAK cells in organs following local infusion has been determined. The large size and rigidity of LAK cells may be one mechanism which restricts the distribution of these cells. In addition, in this study the effect of mannitol, a hyperosmotic agent which increases the space between vascular endothelial cells, on the uptake of intraportal LAK cells into liver has been determined. A-LAK cells are obtained by culture of N.W.P. lymphocytes with IL-2. In this study A-LAK cells were characterised by typical morphologic appearance, cell surface phenotype, and cytotoxic specificity. Purified A-LAK cells were morphologically large granular lymphocytes, 67%-90% of which showed the surface marker phenotype of NK/LGL cells (OX8). The population contained few pan-T cells (only 4.0-6.5% of cells expressing OX19). No B cell surface marker lg was detectable in the A-LAK cell population. These cells showed high ability to lyse YAC-1 and P-815 cultured tumour target cells in 4h 51Cr-release cytotoxic assays. At an Effector:Target ratio of 40:1 A-LAK cells lysed 70% P815 and 100% YAC-1 cells. After labelling A-LAK cells with 51Cr, the effect of intraportal infussion of 30% mannitol on the distribution of intraportally infused A-LAK cells in liver was studied. The trafficking studies were carried out in three groups. In Group 1, 51Cr labelled A-LAK cells were systemically infused through the tail vein of rats as a control group. In Group 2 and Group 3, A-LAK cells were infused into syngeneic rats through the portal vein without or following prior portal infusion of 30% mannitol. Two hours after LAK cell administration the rats were sacrificed and the radioactivity in liver, lung, spleen, blood, MLN, kidney and brain were measured to determine the distribution of A-LAK cells to these organs. The results showed that intraportal mannitol was associated with an increased percentage of LAK cells in the liver compared with regionally infused LAK cells without mannitol (54% vs 24%; P

In this study, we design a series of bridged energetic compounds based on pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazole to screen potential energetic materials with excellent detonation properties and acceptable sensitivities. The electronic structures, heats of formation, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and impact sensitivity of the designed compounds were calculated using density functional theory. The results showed that the designed compounds have high positive heats of formation in the range of 1035.4 (A7) to 2851.4 kJ mol−1 (D2). Moreover, the designed compounds have high crystal densities and heats of detonation, which significantly enhance detonation pressures and velocities. The detonation pressures and velocities are in the ranges of 6.23 (A1) to 9.65 km s−1 (D3) and 15.7 to 43.9 GPa (E8), respectively. The impact sensitivity data also suggest that the designed compounds have impact sensitivities in an acceptable range. Considering detonation pressures, detonation velocities, and impact sensitivities, six compounds (C3, C5, D3, D5, E3, and F3) were screened as potential materials with high-energy density, excellent detonation properties, and low impact sensitivities. Finally, the electronic structures of the screened compounds were simulated to provide further understanding on the physicochemical properties of these compounds.

Minimally invasive peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheterization is increasingly common, and percutaneous PD catheters may be placed using a trocar or the Seldinger technique. There are few reports of pediatric percutaneous PD catheter insertion. We retrospectively compared the outcomes from percutaneous placement of Tenckhoff catheters using a modified Seldinger technique with catheter placement by open surgery. This single-center retrospective study compared 14 pediatric patients who received percutaneous PD catheter insertion using an ultrasound-guided modified Seldinger technique (August 2018–February 2021) with 10 patients who received open-surgical PD catheter insertion (2015–2018). Complications and catheter survival were evaluated. The overall technical success rate was 100%, but the Seldinger technique required less time (30 vs. 45 min) and smaller incisions (1.1 vs. 4.4 cm). The early complications in the Seldinger and control groups were bleeding (1 vs. 0), catheter dysfunction (1 vs. 1), abdominal pain (3 vs. 7), and exit leakage (0 vs. 1). In the Seldinger group, the median time from insertion to first use was 3 days, and the minimum follow-up was 6 months. Catheter survival at 6 months was 93% (Seldinger group) and 90% (open surgery group). The adoption of this technique at our institution led to a significant increase in the percentage of new pediatric dialysis patients commencing PD rather than hemodialysis. Collectively, the modified Seldinger technique described here was safe and feasible in pediatric patients. This approach is simpler and more rapid than open surgery, and reduces early complications and increases PD uptake.

This paper mainly investigates the inhibitory effect and mechanism of vanillin on mixed-culture biofilm formation, and discusses the feasibility of controlling membrane fouling with vanillin. The biofilms were cultured under static conditions and a microfluidic chamber, respectively. The results show that vanillin can effectively inhibit the microbial adhesion and biofilm formation; the inhibition rate increases with the vanillin concentration. After 12h treatment with 300mg/L vanillin, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation reached 85.34%. Besides, vanillin can mitigate bacterial adhesion by reducing the microbial secretion of exoprotein and exopolysaccharide, exhibit an inhibitory effect on the expression of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs), but had no effect on environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA). After being treated with 300mg/L vanillin, exoprotein, exopolysaccharide and AHLs decreased by 28.48%, 17.23% and 46.64%, respectively. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the AHLs and the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs); the AHLs-mediated quorum sensing (QS) might be related to microbial adhesion through the regulation of EPS. Finally, vanillin has a great potential in membrane fouling control. The research findings provide a good reference for biofilm control in water purification and wastewater treatment systems.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Primer Sequences Used in RT-qPCR

Jianhua Zhou,1,* Lili Wang,2,* Rongtao Yuan,1 Xinjuan Yu,2 Zhenggang Chen,1 Fang Yang,1 Guirong Sun,3 Quanjiang Dong2 1Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Quanjiang DongCentral Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-532-88905289Fax +86-532-85968434Email jiangacer@126.comGuirong SunClinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail sungr@qduhospital.cnObjective: The aim of this study was to explore the signatures of oral microbiome associated with OSCC using a random forest (RF) model.Patients and Methods: A total of 24 patients with OSCC were enrolled in the study. The oral microbiome was assessed in cancerous lesions and matched paracancerous tissues from each patient using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Signatures of mucosal microbiome in OSCC were identified using a RF model.Results: Significant differences were found between OSCC lesions and matched paracancerous tissues with respect to the microbial profile and composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analyses (LEfSe) identified 15 bacteria genera associated with cancerous lesions. Fusobacterium, Treponema, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Carnobacterium, Tannerella, Parvimonas and Filifactor were enriched. A classifier based on RF model identified a microbial signature comprising 12 bacteria, which was capable of distinguishing cancerous lesions and paracancerous tissues (AUC = 0.82). The network of the oral microbiome in cancerous lesions appeared to be simplified and fragmented. Functional analyses of oral microbiome showed altered functions in amino acid metabolism and increased capacity of glucose utilization in OSCC.Conclusion: The identified microbial signatures may potentially be used as a biomarker for predicting OSCC or for clinical assessment of oral cancer risk.Keywords: oral squamous cell carcinoma, microbiome, random forest machine learning, predicted functions

Aiming at the problem that single-network hopping signals have not fully utilised its frequency domain sparse characteristic in the parameter estimation, this study proposes a parameter estimation of frequency hopping (FH) signal based on multi-measurement vector sparse Bayesian learning (MSBL) in modulation wideband converter (MWC). Since the FH signal is sparse in the frequency domain, the authors apply the MSBL method to estimate its parameters. After the signal is sampled by the MWC, the MSBL algorithm is used to reconstruct its support set. Then the time–frequency ridge method is used to estimate the signal's hop duration, time-hopping, and carrier frequency based on the time–frequency map. Simulation experiments show that under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the parameter estimation performance in the case can be improved by up to 65% and anti-noise performance can be improved up to 6 db compared with the existing method. The result is very close to the Nyquist full sampling and can greatly improve the accuracy of the FH signal parameter estimation in the MWC system and relieve the pressure of the hardware.

Introduction Differential diagnosis of metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of breast (MSCCB) is difficult. In particular, in terms of metastatic MSCCB, because of the low speciality of traditional markers such as mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), the most common problem is differentiating the spread of MSCCB to the lung from a primary lung squamous cell carcinoma. It is urgently required to explore a novel marker to aid in differential diagnosis. Aim The aim of this study is to explore a novel marker to aid in the differential diagnosis of MSCCB from other squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in other organs. Methods We tested the expression of SOX10 in 375 human SCC specimens with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In a series of 20 MSCCB, 9 (45%) were positive for SOX10. All of them were triple-negative MSCCB. Conversely, SOX10 was totally negative in another 205 SCC originating from lung, skin, cervix, oral mucosa, and esophagus. In a series of 150 triple-negative breast cancer and their metastatic foci, SOX10 labeling in the primary tumor and metastasis was 78% and 79.3%, respectively, and the agreement rate was 97.3% (P>0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that SOX10 was recommended for differentiating MSCCB from non-mammary metastasis to the breast, as well as for distinguishing primary SCC from metastatic MSCCB, and SOX10 may be valuable in the pathological diagnosis of breast-derived metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma.

The study was a descriptive survey to examine the cultural values and aesthetic functioning on modern architecture in Ghana. The population for the study constituted professional architects working in the Department of Architectural and Engineering Service of the Ministry of Works and Housing in Ghana. Fifty (50) experts from the Architectural Department of the Ministry of Works and Housing in Ghana were selected for the study comprising of thirty (38) males and twenty (12) females. The study observed that all (100%) of the respondents were certain that; (a) modern architecture adopted in Ghana is important for the survival and transmission of traditional culture (b) the purpose or usage of the facility may be a significant influence on its design and (c) modern architecture adopted in Ghana is important for the survival and transmission of traditional culture and (d) conservation practices, regulation by government and practical inspection of architectural works can help to preserve the architectural heritage of Ghana. In the light of these findings, it is concluded that; (a) modern architecture in Ghana presents several positive cultural values as Ghanaian culture is dynamic and gives order and meaning to aesthetic practices of the people, and (b) Finally, regular training of architects, conservation practices, regulation by government and effective and practical inspection of architectural works can help to preserve the architectural heritage of Ghana.

Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing frequency hopping signal parameter estimation algorithms based on compressed sensing theory, such as weak anti-noise performance, high data transmission and processing, and high hardware implementation cost, this study proposes an improved frequency hopping signal parameter estimation algorithm based on analogue information converter called Baseband Parameter Estimation (BPE) method. BPE does not reconstruct the frequency hopping signal into the Nyquist spectrum, and after obtaining the support set of the signal, the parameter estimation of the frequency hopping signal is performed directly at the baseband. The processing of baseband spectral slices can convert unreconstructed signal parameter estimates into parameter estimates for certain support sets, which makes BPE possible. Simulation experiments show that compared with the existing parameter estimation algorithm, BPE can not only greatly reduce the bandwidth and storage pressure required for subsequent transmission, but also has good anti-noise performance.

Since January 2017, BDS provides users with decimeter-level SBAS point positioning capability through the broadcasting of upgraded differential corrections, including satellite orbit error corrections, satellite clock error corrections, ionosphere grid corrections and zone corrections. In practice, however, the real-time zone corrections experience discontinuities causing the re-initialization of carrier-phase based positioning. We develop a new BDS SBAS precise point positioning (PPP) algorithm based on the switching of zone corrections among neighboring zones. Applying the new algorithm, users switch to use the zone corrections of the neighboring zones in case of no corrections received of the current zone, and thus avoid positioning re-initialization. Data of 7 BDS tracking stations and real-time kinematic on-road tracks are used to evaluate the new algorithm. Results show that with the implementation of the new algorithm, the positioning accuracy of BDS kinematic dual-frequency PPP is better than 0.3 m and 0.5 m in horizontal and vertical during the period of zone switching. On-road real-time single and dual frequency kinematic PPP shows no positioning re-initialization and the positioning accuracy remains at the level of better than 0.5 m during the discontinuity of zone corrections.

5,5'-Bitetrazole-1,1'-dioxydihydroxylamine salt (TKX-50), a high-energy energetic material, possesses good safety and energy properties. The energy characteristic data of TKX-50 are commonly generated via theoretical simulation and experimental measurements. Interestingly, the detonation velocity of TKX-50 is higher than HMX, but the specific kinetic energy of TKX-50 is the opposite. Thus, a systematic study on the decomposition mechanism of TKX-50 is important to establish the reasons for this variation in specific kinetic energy. Although the thermal decomposition mechanism of TKX-50 has been reported, the specific compositional changes of its gas products under different heating conditions remain unknown, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism from the perspective of gas products. Herein, the gas products of TKX-50 and HMX in thermal decomposition and thermal explosion are investigated and compared. It was found that more TKX-50 is converted to ABTOX for further decomposition when the heating rate increases. ABTOX can decompose to C2N2, which is prone to polymerization, generating a solid residue under high temperature and pressure. Although polymerized C2N2 decomposes and burns during the explosion, it delays the time of TKX-50 reaching its maximum amount of outgassing, thereby affecting its specific kinetic energy. Furthermore, in the thermal explosion, compared with HMX, TKX-50 generates less H2 and CO. Since the combustion heat of hydrogen is much higher than that of carbon, the more hydrogen generated, the higher the detonation heat obtained. Therefore, TKX-50 has a lower detonation heat, which also affects its specific kinetic energy.

Medical waste incinerator (MWI) fly ash is considered hazardous waste because it contains hypertoxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans as well as heavy metals. To detoxify both su...

Objective: To investigate whether the Quxie capsule can decrease relapse, metastasis, and symptoms, as well as alleviate the side effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases was performed. Two reviewers independently selected trials that assessed the relapse-metastasis rate, degree of symptoms, and side effects of Quxie capsule for CRC. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: This meta-analysis included 6 studies, with a total of 408 cases. The quality of the included studies was generally low, with only 1 trial of high quality. A statistically significant difference was observed in the relapse-metastasis rate between the Quxie capsule and control groups after 2-years follow-up (n = 185, relative risk (RR) = 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.46; P = .002). The Quxie capsule was found to reduce the traditional Chinese medicine symptom score as compared to the control (n = 208, weighted mean differences (WMD) = −4.15, 95% CI −7.30 to −1.00; P = .010), while it showed no significant improvement in the Karnofsky Performance Status score (n = 138, WMD = 5.05; 95% CI −2.95 to 13.04; P = .22). There was no difference in adverse events between the 2 groups (P = .66). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed no clear superiority of Quxie capsule for CRC patients receiving chemotherapy. The effect of Quxie capsule in CRC patients should be examined by high quality, large sample size, multi-center RCTs, with longer follow-up.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figs. 1���6. KEGG analysis of the COX/LOX pathway at multiple time points.

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for adaptively extracting respiratory waveform and estimating respiratory rate in different target states based on ultrawideband (UWB) radar. At present, the respiratory rate can be estimated in most algorithms only when the target is stationary. The proposed algorithm performs target state determination through fast time and slow time matrices respectively. The two detection procedures are cascaded to determine the target's state (namely, target absence, motion and breathing) and the human breathing area. In the following, the proposed algorithm adaptively extracts the respiratory waveform through the features of respiratory periodicity, which can overcome the shortcoming caused by the maximum energy range bin approach in the case of low signal-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, the respiratory frequency is estimated by the frequency time phase regression (FTPR) method. The experimental results show that the mean square error (MSE) between the estimated respiratory rate and the result of the multi-channel physiological recorder is 0.4664 breathvmin

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a relatively new branch of computer science involving many disciplines and technologies, including robotics, speech recognition, natural language and image recognition or processing, and machine learning. Recently, AI has been widely applied in the medical field. The effective combination of AI and big data can provide convenient and efficient medical services for patients. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of gastrointestinal cancer. The early diagnosis and treatment of CRC are key factors affecting its prognosis. This review summarizes the research progress and clinical application value of AI in the investigation, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CRC, to provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for AI as a promising diagnostic and treatment tool for CRC.

Yihan Sun,1 Guofeng Li,1 Qi Zhou,1 Danyue Shao,2 Jingwei Lv,3 Jianhua Zhou1 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, People’s Republic of China; 2Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China; 3Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jianhua ZhouSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15948000805Email jianhuazhou1334@sohu.comObjective: To investigate the effect of erianin on tumor growth and immune response in human colorectal cancer cells (CRC).Methods: The effect of erianin on tumor growth was determined by CCK8 and colony formation assay. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression levels of relevant proteins and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA level of the relevant gene. The transcriptional activity of β-catenin was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cellular thermal shift assay was used to quantify drug–target interactions. The cell surface CD47 was assessed by flow cytometry. The enrichment of H3K27 acetyl marks on CD47 promoter was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Phagocytosis assay was used to determine the phagocytic activity of macrophage. In vivo role of erianin was studied on xenograft models.Results: We found that erianin significantly decreased cell survival, colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, and led to cell apoptosis in SW480 and HCT116 cells. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that erianin inhibited the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin, which might result from erianin-β-catenin interaction. In addition, the downstream gene expressions, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, was decreased. More interestingly, erianin decreased the expression of CD47 by regulating H3K27 acetyl marks enrichment on CD47 promoter. Consequently, macrophage-mediated phagocytosis was increased. Our in vivo experiments further confirmed the inhibitory effect of erianin on tumor growth.Conclusion: In summary, erianin could inhibit CRC cells growth and promoted phagocytosis, which suggested erianin as a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.Keywords: erianin, colorectal cancer, β-catenin, CD47, macrophage

Simvastatin promotes bone formation and increases bone mineral density in patients with hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hypercholesterolemia-induced microstructure changes in the jaw bone of animals. However, whether and how treatment with simvastatin can modulate the hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of simvastatin application in hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption. The association between hyperlipidemia and alveolar bone resorption in 100 patients with periodontitis was examined. Additionally, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC) for 32 weeks or a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 24 weeks. The HCD-fed rats were randomized, continually fed with HCD and treated with vehicle saline (HC) or simvastatin by gavage (5 mg/kg; SIM, n=10/group) for 8 weeks. The morphological changes to alveolar bone resorption in rats were analyzed by linear measurements. The relative levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand RANKL, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 in the alveolar bone tissues were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Sulcus bleeding index (SBI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and the distance of cemantoenamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) in patients with hyperlipidemia were significantly greater than that in the controls (P

Jialin Qi,1,2,* Zhenmin Hu,1,2,* Heng Xiao,3 Ruijie Liu,2 Wei Guo,4 Zhichun Yang,5 Kewen Ma,2 Shitong Su,2 Ping Tang,1 Xunjian Zhou,2 Jianhua Zhou,1,2 Kuansong Wang1,2 1Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kuansong Wang; Jianhua Zhou Email 13787146109@126.com; zhoujh15@163.comIntroduction: Differential diagnosis of metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of breast (MSCCB) is difficult. In particular, in terms of metastatic MSCCB, because of the low speciality of traditional markers such as mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), the most common problem is differentiating the spread of MSCCB to the lung from a primary lung squamous cell carcinoma. It is urgently required to explore a novel marker to aid in differential diagnosis.Aim: The aim of this study is to explore a novel marker to aid in the differential diagnosis of MSCCB from other squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in other organs.Methods: We tested the expression of SOX10 in 375 human SCC specimens with immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: In a series of 20 MSCCB, 9 (45%) were positive for SOX10. All of them were triple-negative MSCCB. Conversely, SOX10 was totally negative in another 205 SCC originating from lung, skin, cervix, oral mucosa, and esophagus. In a series of 150 triple-negative breast cancer and their metastatic foci, SOX10 labeling in the primary tumor and metastasis was 78% and 79.3%, respectively, and the agreement rate was 97.3% (P> 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that SOX10 was recommended for differentiating MSCCB from non-mammary metastasis to the breast, as well as for distinguishing primary SCC from metastatic MSCCB, and SOX10 may be valuable in the pathological diagnosis of breast-derived metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma.Keywords: SOX10, squamous cell carcinoma, breast, lung, differential diagnosis

Smart grid devices emit quantities of alarm signals all the time. These alarms are related because of the physical relations of these devices. These relations make the sequences of grid alarms predictable. A sequence prediction model based on Markov property is proposed to predict grid alarm sequences. And the online learning strategy of this model is proposed to implement the real-time training and prediction on runtime. A set of grid alarm sequences is used to verify the effectiveness of the model. The result of this prediction model can assist the operation of smart grids.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) ranks as one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2D) has recently been considered as a novel factor involved in cancer development. In the present study, the function and underlying mechanism of MEF2D in TSCC were investigated. The levels of MEF2D mRNA and protein were determined in human TSCC samples by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. The interaction between MEF2D expression and clinicopathologic features was evaluated by IHC and analysis of clinical information. MEF2D-mediated effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion were explored in TSCC cells after transfection with MEF2D-siRNA. The results showed higher expression of MEF2D at both the mRNA and protein levels in TSCC carcinoma tissues than in paracarcinoma tissues. Furthermore, high expression of MEF2D was positively correlated with tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis. MEF2D knocked down TSCCA cells also had reduced proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities compared to those of control cells. Together, these data confirmed that knockdown of MEF2D might suppress the growth and metastasis of TSCC, which further indicated that MEF2D might serve as a therapeutic target for TSCC treatment.

Defining the cell of origin for prostatic carcinogenesis is fundamentally important for understanding the mechanisms leading to prostate cancer. Lineage tracing studies have demonstrated that luminal epithelial cells are capable of self-replication in multiple organs, including the adult murine prostate, and cell of prostate cancer origin studies have shown that while both the luminal and basal murine prostate epithelial cells are capable of neoplastic transformation, luminal cells are more efficient as the origin of prostate cancer. ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2) is an androgen responsive tumor suppressive protein expressed by prostate luminal epithelial cells that is frequently down-regulated in primary prostate tumors. EAF2 knockdown induces prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and mice with Eaf2 deficiency develop epithelial hyperplasia and murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) lesions. Here, we utilized an Eaf2 knockout, PSA-CreER(T2) transgenic model crossed with a fluorescent reporter line to show that Eaf2 deficiency induces mPIN lesions derived from the luminal cell lineage. These results suggest that PIN lesions in the Eaf2 knockout mouse were derived from prostate luminal epithelial cells, further suggesting that the prostatic luminal epithelial cell is the major origin of prostate carcinogenesis.

To support the requirement of decimeter-level BDS SBAS service,a type of differential correction,the "zone correction",it is developed. It represents the remaining un-modeled errors of pseudo-range and carrier phase observations,and could be encoded into the current broadcast messages.The zone correction is derived using observations of reference stations,where their coordinates are precisely known. Users receiving the broadcast zone corrections covering its region,use them to correct the observations,thus the observation modeling errors are reduced and positioning accuracy can be improved.It is analyzed that the impact of parameter updating rates and the distance between users and the zone center on the user positioning accuracy. Data of the BDS tracking network in the China continent is used to validate the proposed model.Results show that mean positioning accuracy reaches 15 cm and 20 cm for horizontal and height components,respectively.

Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], has been used as a chloroacetanilide herbicide to control annual grass weeds and broadleaf weeds in corn, cotton, peanuts, soybeans and beans. In this paper, aRS-metolachlor has been used as a model to investigate the reaction of OH radicals with atmospheric metolachlor. The reaction mechanism was obtained at the MPWB1K/6-311 + g(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31 + g(d,p) level of theory and the rate constants were deduced over the temperature range of 180–370 K using canonical variational transition state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) method. The atmospheric lifetime of aRS-metolachlor determined by OH radicals is about 3.97 h, which indicates that it can be degradaded in the gas phase easily and doesn’t have the potential for long-range transport.

Advances in the understanding and application of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in surfactant-free emulsion systems have been made over the last decade. RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization not only serves as a powerful tool for preparing polymeric materials with controllable molecular weight, low polydispersity and high colloidal stability, but also can avoid the deleterious effects of small molecule surfactants. In this review, recent advances in RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization are described in detail and classified according to several criteria: (i) various RAFT agents, including small RAFT agents, hydrophilic macro-RAFT agents and amphiphilic macro-RAFT agents; (ii) the different types of polymerization for the preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid materials, such as RAFT-mediated Pickering surfactant-free emulsion polymerization and RAFT-mediated surfactant-free encapsulating emulsion polymerization. At the same time, the current significance, outstanding challenges and issues, and the future directions of RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization are also discussed.

Nano-TiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate hybrid latex was prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization using reactive emulsifier. With the increase of modified nano-TiO2 content, the monomer conversion gradually decreased while the gel rate slowly increased accordingly. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses indicated that the core-shell latex particles were uniform with narrow size distribution. In addition, the hybrid film formed from nano-TiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate latex presented higher thermal stability, mechanical and UV-shielding performance than the film formed from fluorinated polyacrylate latex. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angles (WCA) analyses confirmed that the surface of hybrid film was slightly rough and hydrophobic. Furthermore, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the organic fluorine segment had the tendency to migrate to the film-air interface. At last, the results of the antibacterial activity and WCA showed that the cotton fabric treated with nano-TiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate hybrid latex possessed good antibacterial property and remarkable water repellency. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

We analyze the BeiDou broadcast ephemeris biases starting from February 2014 to October 2016 by using the IGS post-processed precise orbit and clock as references. Results show that the bias of BeiDou broadcast ephemeris can reach up to 2 meter. To further verify this finding, we perform precise point positioning for about 18 MGEX stations using BeiDou broadcast ephemeris and wide-area differential correction parameters. Data of 97 days are analyzed and pseudo-range residuals of each frequency for each station are derived. Systematic biases are found in the residuals using broadcast ephemeris. Comparing the BEB applying the differential correction parameters with the TGD difference between IGS and BeiDou broadcast ephemeris, we find that the correlation coefficient of TGD differences and BEB values could reach up to 0.89. This proves that the BEB applying the differential correction parameters is mainly due to the biases of the TGD parameters in broadcast ephemeris. By correcting the biases into TGD parameters, we performed point positioning at different stations. Results show that after applying the biases, the pseudo-range error reduces much, and the positioning precision can improve about 14.9%, 28.4%, 15.5% in N,E,U, direction for dual-frequency users, respectively.

At present, the number of orbit satellites is limited for the Beidou satellite navigation system. In special terrain like “city Canyon” and other special circumstances, the signal of Beidou is easy to be blocked, which reduces positioning accuracy or interrupts positioning continuity of users. Joining pseudolites can effectively solve the problem of the insufficient number of BeiDou satellites visible to users. During cooperative positioning of Beidou satellites and pseudolites, the multi-path problem in pseudo-range observation values of the BeiDou satellite and the pseudolite shall be properly handled to obtain better positioning accuracy. The CNMC method (Code Noise and Multi-path Correction) can effectively reduce the multi-path effect of the BeiDou satellite's pseudo-range observation value, but cannot be applied directly to pseudo-range data processing of the pseudolite due to different observation error characteristics caused by different signal propagation paths. To solve the multi-path processing problem of pseudolites, the CNMC method is improved in this paper. The BeiDou/Pseudolite dynamic cooperative positioning experiments were conducted in the actual field of pseudolites. The test results show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy is increased from 2.326 m to 1.936 m with enhanced positioning stability after pseudo-range observation values of the BeiDou satellite and the ground pseudolite are processed by the CNMC method.

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) integrates legacy PNT service and authorized SBAS service, where SBAS service provides differential corrections and integrity information for authorized users. Current BDS differential corrections include one-dimensional equivalent satellite clock and ionospheric grids corrections, which is derived based on CNMC-smoothed pseudo-range observations. To improve the performance of BDS SBAS service, an algorithm is developed to estimate the real-time satellite clock and orbit corrections. In the algorithm, phase smoothed pseudo-range observation is used to define absolute value, and epoch differenced phase observation is used to define epoch-wise variation of the satellite clock/orbit corrections. It is analyzed that the impact of data sampling rate and station number on the correction parameter estimation. Real-time data of the BDS tracking network in China is used to validate the new algorithm. Compared with the current system performance:① mean UDRE using the new algorithm is reduced by 27%,35% and 27% for GEO, IGSO and MEO satellites, ② mean positioning error using the new algorithm is reduced by 23%,32% and 52% in the North, East and Up components, respectively. Implementing the new algorithm, BDS SBAS service supports the user positioning requirement with accuracy better than 1 m.

Nano-TiO 2 /chitosan/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm) composite hydrogel was prepared by a two-step polymerization method, and nano-TiO 2 can endow the composite hydrogel with photocatalytic activity. The nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The properties of dye adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were investigated. The results indicated that dye adsorption was strongly influenced by solution pH and the acid fuchsin (AF) removal rate was maximum at pH = 4. The dye removal rate decreased slightly with increasing temperature, and the composite hydrogel adsorbing AF dyes floated on the solution surface at 40 °C and could be readily removed from the aqueous solution. Kinetics analysis indicated that the dye adsorption by nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel conformed to pseudo-second order model. Moreover, nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel exhibited high efficiency of photocatalytic degradation for AF dyes, and AF dye removal rate reached 90.5% under UV irradiation for 160 min.

A series of cyclic energetic derivatives based on nitroguanidine and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene were theoretically designed. The spatial structures, infrared spectrometry, heats of formation, electronic structures, detonation properties, and thermal stabilities of these designed compounds were fully investigated by density functional theory. It is found that all the designed compounds have moderate stabilities (bond dissociation energies range from 11.3 to 99.0 kJ mol-1), high crystal densities (from 1.9589 to 2.00188 g cm-3), high positive heats of formation (from 649.6 to 1060.8 kJ mol-1) and high positive heats of detonation (from 1074.77 to 1332.06 cal g-1) which lead to the excellent detonation properties (detonation velocities range from 8.71 to 9.05 km s-1 while detonation pressures range from 35.47 to 38.55 GPa). Electronic structures such as electrostatic potentials on the surface, electronic densities, highest occupied molecular orbitals, lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and their energy gaps were also simulated to give a better understanding of chemical and physical properties of these compounds. All the data may shine lights on the explosive searching and synthesis.

In this paper an approach to build a collaborated feature supervector is proposed and a collaborated language model (CLM) builded with binary decision tree feature surpervector and N-gram feature supervector is introduced and applied to deal with the problems of language identification tasks such as handling long term contexts and too many parameters. Experiments are carried out on the database of National Institute of Standards and Technology language recognition evaluation 2009 (NIST LRE 2009). The experimental results have confirmed that phonotactic language recognition system using the collaborated language model yields 1.07%, 2.68%, 13.48% in equal error rate (EER), which means 8.54%, 12.70% and 4.60% relative reduction for 30s, 10s, 3s compared to the baseline system, respectively.

The objective of the research was to compare the flotation performance of medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) by considering two methods: the cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC) method and conventional flotation cell (CFC) method. The results indicated that for FSCMC, the optimum parameters were kerosene = 3.5 g/kg&middot, ash, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) = 0.2 g/kg&middot, ash, Tween 80 = 7.5% of kerosene concentration, slurry concentration = 100 g/L, and pump speed = 380 r/min. The optimized conditions resulted in a higher dioxin removal efficiency (90.98%), carbon removal efficiency (91.88%) and lower loss on ignition (LOI) (4.96%). The data obtained from the CFC under different optimum operating conditions were 88.65%, 90.63% and 5.68%, respectively. FSCMC was proven to be more efficient for the flotation of MWIFA than CFC.

The main goal of this work was to prepare epoxy grouts with super-low viscosities that could be easily inserted into the micro-cracks of construction materials. The combinations of two diluents—acetone with 1,6 hexanediol diglycidylether (RDDF) or trimethylolpropane glycidylether (RDTF)—were developed for epoxy grouting materials. To clarify the effects of the combined diluents on the epoxy grouting materials, experiments to determine the viscosity and mechanical characteristics and SEM were carried out. The combined diluents could not only dramatically reduce the viscosity of the epoxy solution but could also modify the brittleness of the neat epoxy. To further describe the mechanism, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analyses were used to investigate the molecular modification of the epoxy network. The modification of the epoxy groups contributed to the properties of the epoxy grouts, accelerated the reaction with the curing agents and the ether groups, and improved the flexibilities of the epoxy grouts. Furthermore, the tests of the acute oral toxicity showed that the median lethal oral dose exceeded 5000 mg/kg and could be considered non-toxic. Epoxy grouting materials with super-low viscosities can be used for repairing micro-fractures in construction.

Purpose To compare the outcomes and complications of open reduction and internal fixation using precontoured versus noncontoured plates for the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods Open reduction and internal fixation using was performed on 130 patients with a midshaft clavicle fracture. Precontoured plates were used in 69 cases (group A) and noncontoured plates in 61 cases (group B). Results The average follow-up in both groups was approximately 21 months. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in mean surgery duration and blood loss, although Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Constant-Murley Shoulder scores at final follow-up were similar. Plate removal was required in 44.9% (31 of 69) of the precontoured group and 65.6% (40 of 61) of the noncontoured group. The indication was prominence of the hardware in 27.5% (19 of 69) of the precontoured group and 54.1% (33 of 61) of the noncontoured. In both groups, body mass index was lower in patients requiring implant removal because of hardware prominence. A higher proportion of females in both groups required implant removal. Conclusions Precontoured plates are associated with a lower rate of hardware removal. Body mass index and gender may be factors that influence the rate of hardware removal. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) is quite different from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA) due to its special characteristics of high levels of chlorines, dioxins, carbon constituents, and heavy metals, which may cause irreversible harm to environment and human beings if managed improperly. However, treatment of MWIFA has rarely been specifically mentioned. In this review, various treatment techniques for MSWIFA, and their merits, demerits, applicability, and limitations for MWIFA are reviewed. Natural properties of MWIFA including the high contents of chlorine and carbonaceous matter that might affect the treatment effects of MWIFA are also depicted. Finally, several commendatory and feasible technologies such as roasting, residual carbon melting, the mechanochemical technique, flotation, and microwave treatment are recommended after an overall consideration of the special characteristics of MWIFA, balancing environmental, technological, economical information.

According to afforestation 10 years program (from 2017-18 to 2026-2027), the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) has agreed on a new logging ban policy for Myanmar's forest; 10-year logging ban for the Bago Yoma Region and 1-year national logging ban for the remaining areas since (2016-2017) fiscal year. Myanma Timber Enterprise (MTE), one of the state-owned enterprises, is mainly responsible for the logging operation and dragging logs from the forest with Elephants is the most well recognized as environmentally friendly logging operation in Myanmar. After implemented Myanmar's logging ban policy is great for forests, but a big challenge for MTE for the maintenance of MTE staffs and its working captive elephants in the timber industry for elephant conservation and welfare of the elephant staffs (mahouts). MTE owns more than 3000 Captive Elephants to perform logging operation, among which more than one-third is suitable for the workforce of skidding. The rest are not suiting for work as they are babies and mothers, pregnant, training, unhealthy and/or aged elephants. Nevertheless, all of the elephants are under the care and management of MTE. As a solution of logging ban policy effects on MTE, it came up with the idea of establishing Elephant Conservation Based Tourism (ECBT) in Myanmar by taking into consideration of the conservation of elephants and the welfare of the mahouts as well as an alternative way of earning income from ecotourism. Now, MTE is already implemented elephant conservation camps in a nationwide by state-owned sector. Wildlife tourism is often promoted as an activity which supports conservation by enhancing environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior through interpretative messaging and personal experiences with wildlife. ECBT will increase absolutely in the conservation of elephant.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V72018051688 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1688

The mechanisms involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are poorly understood. One potential mechanism involved in BPH pathogenesis may involve altered expression of genes related to apoptosis and proliferation because reduced cell death and increased proliferation are thought to contribute to prostatic enlargement. This study examined the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL), two important anti-apoptosis factors that are also capable of inhibiting cell proliferation via accelerated G1 arrest or delayed G1/S transition, using immunostaining in simple prostatectomy BPH specimens from patients naïve to androgen manipulation. Since androgens and inflammation are thought to play important roles in BPH pathogenesis, we tested the effect of inhibiting 5a-reductase and/or COX-2 on the expression of BCL-2 and BCL-XL in BPH specimens from prostate cancer patients with BPH. These patients had no prior use of chronic NSAIDs and/or 5a-reductase inhibitors and were treated with celecoxib, finasteride, celecoxib plus finasteride or no treatment for 28 consecutive days prior to surgery. In all specimens, BCL-2 and BCL-XL staining was evident in both luminal and basal epithelial cells, with more intense staining in basal cells. Both luminal and basal cells exhibited decreased BCL-2 and BCL-XL staining in BPH nodules compared to the surrounding normal prostatic tissues. In prostate cancer patients with BPH, celecoxib and/or finasteride did not affect the expression of BCL-2 and BCL-XL in luminal or basal cells in BPH nodules and normal adjacent tissues. These results suggest that BCL-2 and BCL-XL may act as anti-proliferative factors in BPH pathogenesis, and the effect of celecoxib and/or finasteride on BPH is unlikely mediated through modulating BCL-2 and BCL-XL signaling.

Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on the jaw bone microstructural defect and autophagy in rats with high cholesterol diet (HCD). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC group) or a high cholesterol diet for 32 weeks and the HCD-fed rats were treated with vehicle (HC group) or simvastatin (5 mg/kg orally daily for 8 weeks, HC + SIM group, and n=10/group). The static histomorphometric changes in the jaw bone tissues in individual rats were evaluated. The relative levels of OPG, RANKL, NF-κB, LC3, and p62 in the jaw bone tissues were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with the NC group, the HC groups had lower trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, and increased ratios of RANKL/OPG in the jaw bone, accompanied by enhanced NF-κB activation and autophagy. Simvastatin treatment inhabited these changes, including the decreased levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and increased autophagy. Conclusion. Simvastatin treatment could inhibit the hyperlipidemia-induced jaw bone microstructural defect in rats by increasing autophagic flux.

Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠ (GGTase-Ⅰ) on the proliferation and growth of tongue squamous cancer cells. Methods Three small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed on the basis of the GGTase-Ⅰ sequence in GeneBank. These siRNAs were then transfected into tongue squamous cancer cells Cal-27. The mRNA and protein expression of GGTase-Ⅰ and RhoA were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of Cyclin D1 and p21 were examined by Western blotting. The proliferation and growth ability were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Results The mRNA and protein expression of GGTase-Ⅰ in Cal-27 was reduced significantly after the GGTase-Ⅰ siRNAs were transfected (P0.05). No significant difference in RhoA mRNA and protein expression was detected (P0.05). Cyclin D1 expression decreased, whereas p21 expression increased significantly. The cell cycle was altered, and the growth-proliferative activity was inhibited (P0.05). Conclusion GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA can inhibit the expression of GGTase-Ⅰ and the proliferative activity of tongue squamous cancer cells. GGTase-Ⅰ may be a potential target for gene therapy in tongue squamous cell cancer.目的 研究异戊二烯化酶二牛龙牛儿基转移酶Ⅰ（GGTase-Ⅰ）在舌鳞状细胞癌增殖中的作用。方法 登录Genebank确定人GGTase-Ⅰ基因序列，设计3条小干扰RNA（siRNA），并将siRNA转染至舌癌细胞Cal-27（GGTase-ⅠsiRNA组）。设立空白对照组（只加入转染试剂，不加入siRNA）和阴性对照组（NC-siRNA）。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白质免疫检测转染后各组细胞GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA的mRNA和蛋白表达；蛋白质免疫检测转染48 h后Cyclin D1、p21的表达变化；细胞增殖活性检测试剂盒和流式细胞术检测细胞的增殖活性和细胞周期变化。结果 与阴性对照组和空白对照组相比，GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 组细胞的GGTase-Ⅰ的mRNA和蛋白表达下降（P0.05），RhoA的mRNA和蛋白表达无明显改变（P0.05）；Cyclin D1的表达下降，p21表达升高，细胞的增殖活性下降，细胞周期发生改变（P0.05）。结论 GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA能抑制舌鳞状细胞癌细胞中GGTase-Ⅰ的表达，抑制细胞增殖，提示GGTase-Ⅰ在舌鳞状细胞癌增殖中可能发挥重要作用。.

Conservation of biodiversity in Protected Areas will be more challenging if local communities are heavily dependent on them for various forest products and subsistence needs. Thus this study sought to identify the demographic and socioeconomic variable that influence forest dependency exploring the relationship of forest dependency and household characteristics of the households of the Panbari Buffer Zone Community Forest User Group of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. A sample of 130 households was randomly selected for the household survey using stratified random sampling and collected was analyzed using logistic regression model. Logistic regression result indicate that wealth status of the poor household, household family size, livestock population, agricultural income and education are the five major determinants of forest dependency in Panbari Buffer Zone Community Forest. Policy interventions to ensure long-term success of landscape-level conservation of Chitwan National Park are needed to decrease dependence on forest resources expanding educational and training opportunities; and the policy measures that aim at increasing agriculture income, generating off-farm employment opportunities, supply of the alternatives of fuel wood energy and adopting agrisilvicultural system for the supply of fodder for the livestock.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V62017031214 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1214