56 results on '"Zhijie Ren"'
Search Results
2. Odorant binding protein 3 is associated with nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor resistance in Nilaparvata lugens
- Author
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Junjie Zhang, Kaikai Mao, Zhijie Ren, Ruoheng Jin, Yunhua Zhang, Tingwei Cai, Shun He, Jianhong Li, and Hu Wan
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Hemiptera ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Insecticides ,Neonicotinoids ,Sulfur Compounds ,Pyridines ,Structural Biology ,Odorants ,Animals ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Odorant binding protein (OBP) can interact with small-molecule compounds insecticides and thereby modulate variation in insecticide susceptibility in insects. However, the regulatory mechanism of OBP-mediated insecticide resistance in Nilaparvata lugens, a destructive rice pest in Asia, remains unclear. Here, we explored the role of NlOBP3 in the resistance of N. lugens to nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor. The results showed that NlOBP3 was overexpressed in association with nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor resistance, and NlOBP3 silencing significantly increased the mortality of N. lugens to nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor, suggesting that NlOBP3 may be associated with nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens. OBP localization revealed that NlOBP3 was highly expressed in all nymph stages and was enriched in the antennae, legs, body wall, and fat body. RT-qPCR analyses showed that the mRNA levels of NlOBP3 were significantly affected by nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor. Additionally, molecular docking predicted that there were multiple binding sites that may played key roles in the binding of NlOBP3 with nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor. The current study identifies a previously undescribed mechanism of insecticide resistance in N. lugens, showing that NlOBP3 is likely to be involved in the evolution of nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens.
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- 2022
3. The insecticidal activity and mechanism of tebuconazole on Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
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Yongfeng Cai, Zhijie Ren, Chengyue Li, Tingwei Cai, Chang Yu, Qinghong Zeng, Shun He, Jianhong Li, and Hu Wan
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Insect Science ,General Medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
4. Mixed local channel attention for object detection
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Dahang Wan, Rongsheng Lu, Siyuan Shen, Ting Xu, Xianli Lang, and Zhijie Ren
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Artificial Intelligence ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2023
5. Microbiome variation correlates with the insecticide susceptibility in different geographic strains of a significant agricultural pest, Nilaparvata lugens
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Yunhua Zhang, Tingwei Cai, Maojun Yuan, Zhao Li, Ruoheng Jin, Zhijie Ren, Yao Qin, Chang Yu, Yongfeng Cai, Runhang Shu, Shun He, Jianhong Li, Adam C. N. Wong, and Hu Wan
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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Microbiome-mediated insecticide resistance is an emerging phenomenon found in insect pests. However, microbiome composition can vary by host genotype and environmental factors, but how these variations may be associated with insecticide resistance phenotype remains unclear. In this study, we compared different field and laboratory strains of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in their microbiome composition, transcriptome, and insecticide resistance profiles to identify possible patterns of correlation. Our analysis reveals that the abundances of core bacterial symbionts are significantly correlated with the expression of several host detoxifying genes (especially NlCYP6ER1, a key gene previously shown involved in insecticides resistance). The expression levels of these detoxifying genes correlated with N. lugens insecticide susceptibility. Furthermore, we have identified several environmental abiotic factors, including temperature, precipitation, latitude, and longitude, as potential predictors of symbiont abundances associated with expression of key detoxifying genes, and correlated with insecticide susceptibility levels of N. lugens. These findings provide new insights into how microbiome-environment-host interactions may influence insecticide susceptibility, which will be helpful in guiding targeted microbial-based strategies for insecticide resistance management in the field.
- Published
- 2023
6. A chloride efflux transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1, is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance in rice
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Jingwen Xu, Xiaohan Wang, Fenglin Bai, Ligeng Ma, Zhijie Ren, Qi Niu, Congcong Hou, Qian Zhang, Liangyu Liu, Legong Li, Liying Zhang, Yikun He, Jiali Song, Wang Tian, Fang Bao, Changxin Feng, and Li Wang
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Oryza sativa ,biology ,Chemistry ,Mutant ,Xenopus ,food and beverages ,Oryza ,Transporter ,Salt Tolerance ,Plant Science ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Chloride ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Grain size ,Chlorides ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Paddy field ,Efflux ,Edible Grain ,Plant Proteins ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Grain size is determined by the size and number of cells in the grain. The regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield; however, the genes and molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain elusive. Here, we report that a member of the detoxification efflux carrier /Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (DTX/MATE) family transporters, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively influences grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls are larger than in wild-type (WT) grains, but the cell number is unaltered. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. Consistent with this role of BIRG1, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress at a toxic chloride level. Moreover, grains from birg1 plants contain a higher level of chloride than those of WT plants when grown under normal paddy field conditions, and the roots of birg1 accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that BIRG1 in rice functions as a chloride efflux transporter that is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance by controlling chloride homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
7. Coronatine promotes maize water uptake by directly binding to the aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 and enhancing its activity
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Rui He, Huiqing Su, Xing Wang, Zhijie Ren, Kun Zhang, Tianyu Feng, Mingcai Zhang, Zhaohu Li, Legong Li, Junhong Zhuang, Zhizhong Gong, Yuyi Zhou, and Liusheng Duan
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Plant Science ,Biochemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Water uptake is crucial for crop growth and development and drought stress tolerance. The water channels aquaporins play important roles in plant water uptake. Here, we discovered that a jasmonic acid analog, coronatine (COR), enhanced maize (Zea mays) root water uptake capacity under artificial water deficiency conditions. COR treatment induced the expression of the aquaporin gene Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;5 (ZmPIP2;5). In vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that COR also directly acts on ZmPIP2;5 to improve water uptake in maize and Xenopus oocytes. The leaf water potential and hydraulic conductivity of roots growing under hyperosmotic conditions were higher in ZmPIP2;5-overexpression lines and lower in the zmpip2;5 knockout mutant, compared to wild-type plants. Based on a comparison between ZmPIP2;5 and other PIP2s, we predicted that COR may bind to the functional site in loop E of ZmPIP2;5. We confirmed this prediction by surface plasmon resonance technology and a microscale thermophoresis assay, and showed that deleting the binding motif greatly reduced COR binding. We identified the N241 residue as the COR-specific binding site, which may activate the channel of the aquaporin tetramer and increase water transport activity, which may facilitate water uptake under hyperosmotic stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2022
8. Decline in symbiont-dependent host detoxification metabolism contributes to increased insecticide susceptibility of insects under high temperature
- Author
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Tingwei Cai, Zhijie Ren, Chang Yu, Yunhua Zhang, Shun He, Jianhong Li, Yongfeng Cai, Yu Liu, Adam C. N. Wong, Hu Wan, Runhang Shu, and Maojun Yuan
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Insecticides ,Insecta ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,Insect ,Microbiology ,Article ,Hemiptera ,Insecticide Resistance ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Symbiosis ,Imidacloprid ,Detoxification ,Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,Abiotic component ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,Temperature ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,Drosophila melanogaster ,chemistry ,bacteria ,Wolbachia ,Brown planthopper - Abstract
The interactions between insects and their bacterial symbionts are shaped by a variety of abiotic factors, including temperature. As global temperatures continue to break high records, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds how agriculturally important insect pests and their symbionts may be affected by elevated temperatures, and its implications for future pest management. In this study, we examine the role of bacterial symbionts in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens response to insecticide (imidacloprid) under different temperature scenarios. Our results reveal that the bacterial symbionts orchestrate host detoxification metabolism via the CncC pathway to promote host insecticide resistance, whereby the symbiont-inducible CncC pathway acts as a signaling conduit between exogenous abiotic stimuli and host metabolism. However, this insect-bacterial partnership function is vulnerable to high temperature, which causes a significant decline in host-bacterial content. In particular, we have identified the temperature-sensitive Wolbachia as a candidate player in N. lugens detoxification metabolism. Wolbachia-dependent insecticide resistance was confirmed through a series of insecticide assays and experiments comparing Wolbachia-free and Wolbachia-infected N. lugens and also Drosophila melanogaster. Together, our research reveals elevated temperatures negatively impact insect-bacterial symbiosis, triggering adverse consequences on host response to insecticide (imidacloprid) and potentially other xenobiotics.
- Published
- 2021
9. miRNAs targeting CYP6ER1 and CarE1 are involved in nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens
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Junjie Zhang, Kangsheng Ma, Hu Wan, Jianhong Li, Kaikai Mao, Zhao Li, Shun He, Ruoheng Jin, and Zhijie Ren
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecticides ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Hemiptera ,Insecticide Resistance ,Neonicotinoids ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Downregulation and upregulation ,microRNA ,Gene expression ,Animals ,Coding region ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Drosha ,Nitenpyram ,Genetics ,Gene knockdown ,Nitro Compounds ,MicroRNAs ,010602 entomology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The evolution of nitenpyram resistance has been confirmed to be related to overexpression of two key metabolic enzyme genes, CYP6ER1 and CarE1, in Nilaparvata lugens, a highly destructive rice pest that causes substantial economic losses and has developed insecticide resistance. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, whether they are involved in nitenpyram resistance is poorly understood in N. lugens. In this study, knockdown of key genes in the miRNA biogenesis pathway (Dicer1, Drosha, and Argonaute1) changed CYP6ER1 and CarE1 abundance, which confirmed the importance of miRNAs in nitenpyram resistance. Furthermore, global screening of miRNAs associated with nitenpyram resistance in N. lugens was performed, and a total of 42 known and 178 novel miRNAs were identified; of these, 57 were differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant strains, and two (novel_85 and novel_191) were predicted to target CYP6ER1 and CarE1, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that novel_85 and novel_191 bind to the CYP6ER1 and CarE1 coding regions, respectively, and downregulate their expression. Moreover, modulating novel_85 and novel_191 expression by injection of miRNA inhibitors and mimics significantly altered N. lugens nitenpyram susceptibility. This is the first study to systematically screen and identify miRNAs associated with N. lugens nitenpyram resistance, and provides important information that can be used to develop new miRNA-based targets in insecticide resistance management.
- Published
- 2021
10. An insecticide resistance diagnostic kit for whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)
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Shun He, Chaoya Liu, Pengfei Xu, Jianhong Li, Zhijie Ren, Kaikai Mao, Hu Wan, and Wenhao Li
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0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Pest control ,food and beverages ,Clothianidin ,Plant Science ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Dinotefuran ,Toxicology ,010602 entomology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Imidacloprid ,Insect Science ,Chlorpyrifos ,Thiamethoxam ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nitenpyram - Abstract
Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) is a notorious pest in most rice-producing regions of Asia, and evidence of resistance of S. furcifera to various insecticides has been documented in many areas. Given that the risk of insecticide resistance has spread, prospective monitoring should be expedited. Diagnostic tools for the rapid and accurate assessment of insecticide resistance are urgently needed to implement pest control and effective insecticide resistance management strategies. In the present study, a diagnostic kit based on the glass vial bioassay for the rapid detection of resistance to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, isoprocarb and chlorpyrifos in S. furcifera was developed. The detection results can be obtained in 1 h, and the determination of ≥ 90% mortality indicates sensitivity to insecticides. The insecticide resistance levels diagnosed by the kit were consistent with the results of the rice seedling dip method in field populations of S. furcifera. Moreover, the accuracy of the diagnosis of nitenpyram and chlorpyrifos resistance was further verified by field trials. The insecticide resistance diagnostic kit for S. furcifera, as a user-friendly tool (portable, short detection time), can be easily popularized. Its excellent performance qualifies the kit as a reliable screening tool to determine effective insecticides and a convenient addition to integrated pest management programs.
- Published
- 2020
11. Carboxylesterase genes in nitenpyram‐resistant brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens
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Byung Rae Jin, Shun He, Tingwei Cai, Zhijie Ren, Hu Wan, Xueying Qin, Wenhao Li, Kaikai Mao, and Jianhong Li
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecticides ,Candidate gene ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Carboxylesterase ,Hemiptera ,Insecticide Resistance ,Neonicotinoids ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Etofenprox ,RNA interference ,Animals ,Gene silencing ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nitenpyram ,Genetics ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Gene expression profiling ,010602 entomology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Insect Proteins ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) represent one of the major detoxification enzyme families involved in insecticide resistance. However, the function of specific CarE genes in insecticide resistance is still unclear in the insect Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a notorious rice crop pest in Asia. In this study, a total of 29 putative CarE genes in N. lugens were identified, and they were divided into seven clades; further, the β-esterase clade was significantly expanded. Tissue-specific expression analysis found that 17 CarE genes were abundantly distributed in the midgut and fat body, while 12 CarE genes were highly expressed in the head. The expression of most CarE genes was significantly induced in response to the challenge of nitenpyram, triflumezopyrim, chlorpyrifos, isoprocarb and etofenprox. Among these, the expression levels of NlCarE2, NlCarE4, NlCarE9, NlCarE17 and NlCarE24 were increased by each insecticide. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA interference assays revealed the NlCarE1 gene to be a candidate gene mainly involved in nitenpyram resistance, while simultaneously silencing NlCarE1 and NlCarE19 produced a stronger effect than silencing either one individually, suggesting a cooperative relationship in resistance formation. These findings lay the foundation for further clarification of insecticide resistance mediated by CarE in N. lugens.
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- 2020
12. Two New Members of CsFEXs Couple Proton Gradients to Export Fluoride and Participate in Reducing Fluoride Accumulation in Low-Fluoride Tea Cultivars
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Changxin Feng, Liangyu Liu, Zhijie Ren, Qi Niu, Jiali Song, Jiangxin Guo, Xiaohan Wang, Legong Li, Wang Tian, Qian Zhang, and Congcong Hou
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0106 biological sciences ,Mutant ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Camellia sinensis ,Fluorides ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fluoride toxicity ,Arabidopsis ,medicine ,Plant Proteins ,biology ,Toxin ,010401 analytical chemistry ,food and beverages ,Biological Transport ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Yeast ,0104 chemical sciences ,Plant Leaves ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Efflux ,Carrier Proteins ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Fluoride ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The accumulation of fluoride in tea leaves from various cultivars exhibits significant differences. However, the molecular basis and mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we reported that two genes of CsFEX (fluoride export genes in Camellia sinensis), CsFEX1 and CsFEX2, transport fluoride out of cells, alleviate the cellular fluoride toxin, and rescue the yeast mutant (FEX1ΔFEX2Δ) and Arabidopsis mutant (fex), as their efflux activities are coupled with proton gradients. Further analysis found that CsFEX1 and CsFEX2 localize to the plasma membrane both in yeast and Arabidopsis cells. CsFEX2 is more effective to reduce fluoride toxicity in yeast and Arabidopsis compared with CsFEX1 even at low pH. CsFEX2 induced by fluoride treatment is around tenfold higher in a low-fluoride cultivar (Yunkang 10) than that in a high-fluoride cultivar (Pingyang Tezaocha), suggesting that CsFEX2 possibly plays a critical role in reducing fluoride accumulation in tea leaves.
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- 2020
13. The interaction of CaM7 and CNGC14 regulates root hair growth in Arabidopsis
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Liangyu Liu, Sisi Zhang, Legong Li, Congcong Hou, Xiwen Zhang, Huifeng Zhu, Qian Zhang, Mengqi Dong, Qudsia Zeb, Zhijie Ren, Wang Tian, and Xiaohan Wang
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Calmodulin ,Voltage clamp ,Arabidopsis ,Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ,Plant Science ,Root hair ,Models, Biological ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bimolecular fluorescence complementation ,Calcium Signaling ,EF Hand Motifs ,Calcium signaling ,Phenocopy ,biology ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Chemistry ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Cytosol ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Calcium ,Protein Binding ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Oscillations in cytosolic free calcium determine the polarity of tip-growing root hairs. The Ca2+ channel cyclic nucleotide gated channel 14 (CNGC14) contributes to the dynamic changes in Ca2+ concentration gradient at the root hair tip. However, the mechanisms that regulate CNGC14 are unknown. In this study, we detected a direct interaction between calmodulin 7 (CaM7) and CNGC14 through yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. We demonstrated that the third EF-hand domain of CaM7 specifically interacts with the cytosolic C-terminal domain of CNGC14. A two-electrode voltage clamp assay showed that CaM7 completely inhibits CNGC14-mediated Ca2+ influx, suggesting that CaM7 negatively regulates CNGC14-mediated calcium signaling. Furthermore, CaM7 overexpressing lines phenocopy the short root hair phenotype of a cngc14 mutant and this phenotype is insensitive to changes in external Ca2+ concentrations. We, thus, identified CaM7-CNGC14 as a novel interacting module that regulates polar growth in root hairs by controlling the tip-focused Ca2+ signal.
- Published
- 2020
14. Long-Term Effects of Different Soil Tillage Practices on Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil Nutrients, C Sequestration, and Crop Productivity Based on a 17-Year Experiment in a Semi-Arid Area of Northern China
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Yanan Zhao, Zhijie Ren, Xiaojie Han, Haoxiang Feng, Lifang Wang, Geng Ma, and Chenyang Wang
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- 2022
15. Random Interpolation Resize: A Free Image Data Augmentation Method for Object Detection in Industry
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Dahang Wan, Rongsheng Lu, Ting Xu, Siyuan Shen, Xianli Lang, and Zhijie Ren
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Artificial Intelligence ,General Engineering ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Computer Science Applications - Published
- 2022
16. Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Field Populations of the Whitebacked Planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) in China, 2019–2020
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Ruoheng Jin, Yongfeng Cai, Yao Qin, Chang Yu, Zhao Li, Yunhua Zhang, Yu Liu, Qinghong Zeng, Hu Wan, Jianhong Li, Tingwei Cai, and Zhijie Ren
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correlation analysis ,Science ,insecticide ,Clothianidin ,insecticide resistance ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Dinotefuran ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Planthopper ,Sogatella furcifera ,detoxification enzymes ,chemistry ,Imidacloprid ,Insect Science ,Chlorpyrifos ,parasitic diseases ,Thiamethoxam ,Sulfoxaflor ,Nitenpyram - Abstract
Monitoring is an important component of insecticide resistance management. In this study, resistance monitoring was conducted on 18 field populations in China. The results showed that S. furcifera developed high levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos and buprofezin, and S. furcifera showed low to moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, clothianidin, sulfoxaflor, isoprocarb and ethofenprox. Sogatella furcifera remained susceptible or low levels of resistance to nitenpyram. LC50 values of nitenpyram and dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and chlorpyrifos exhibited significant correlations, as did those between dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, clothianidin, sulfoxaflor, imidacloprid, isoprocarb and buprofezin. Similarly, significant correlations were observed between thiamethoxam and clothianidin, sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid. In addition, the activity of EST in field populations of S. furcifera were significantly correlated with the LC50 values of nitenpyram, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. These results will help inform effective insecticide resistance management strategies to delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. furcifera.
- Published
- 2021
17. MR-YOLO: An Improved YOLOv5 Network for Detecting Magnetic Ring Surface Defects
- Author
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Xianli Lang, Zhijie Ren, Dahang Wan, Yuzhong Zhang, and Shuangbao Shu
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,object detection ,magnetic ring ,defect detection ,MR-YOLO ,YOLOv5 ,MobileNetV3 ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Magnetic rings are widely used in automotive, home appliances, and consumer electronics. Due to the materials used, processing techniques, and other factors, there will be top cracks, internal cracks, adhesion, and other defects on individual magnetic rings during the manufacturing process. To find such defects, the most sophisticated YOLOv5 target identification algorithm is frequently utilized. However, it has problems such as high computation, sluggish detection, and a large model size. This work suggests an enhanced lightweight YOLOv5 (MR-YOLO) approach for the identification of magnetic ring surface defects to address these issues. To decrease the floating-point operation (FLOP) in the feature channel fusion process and enhance the performance of feature expression, the YOLOv5 neck network was added to the Mobilenetv3 module. To improve the robustness of the algorithm, a Mosaic data enhancement technique was applied. Moreover, in order to increase the network’s interest in minor defects, the SE attention module is inserted into the backbone network to replace the SPPF module with substantially more calculations. Finally, to further increase the new network’s accuracy and training speed, we substituted the original CIoU-Ioss for SIoU-Loss. According to the test, the FLOP and Params of the modified network model decreased by 59.4% and 47.9%, respectively; the reasoning speed increased by 16.6%, the model’s size decreased by 48.1%, and the mAP only lost by 0.3%. The effectiveness and superiority of this method are proved by an analysis and comparison of examples.
- Published
- 2022
18. Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Field Populations of the Whitebacked Planthopper
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Zhao, Li, Yao, Qin, Ruoheng, Jin, Yunhua, Zhang, Zhijie, Ren, Tingwei, Cai, Chang, Yu, Yu, Liu, Yongfeng, Cai, Qinghong, Zeng, Hu, Wan, and Jianhong, Li
- Subjects
correlation analysis ,insecticide ,Sogatella furcifera ,insecticide resistance ,detoxification enzymes ,Article - Abstract
Simple Summary The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the most destructive pests that seriously threatens the high-quality and safe production of rice. Overuse of chemical insecticides has led to varying levels of resistance to insecticides in the field population of S. furcifera. In this study, we measured the susceptibility of 18 populations to 10 insecticides by the rice-seedling dip method. Enzyme assays were performed to measure the levels of esterase (EST), glutathione S- transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450). A risk of cross-resistance between some insecticides were found by pairwise correlation, and EST may be contributed to the resistance to nitenpyram, thiamethoxam and clothianidin in S. furcifera. Overall, our findings will help inform the effective insecticide resistance management strategies to delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. furcifera. Abstract Monitoring is an important component of insecticide resistance management. In this study, resistance monitoring was conducted on 18 field populations in China. The results showed that S. furcifera developed high levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos and buprofezin, and S. furcifera showed low to moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, clothianidin, sulfoxaflor, isoprocarb and ethofenprox. Sogatella furcifera remained susceptible or low levels of resistance to nitenpyram. LC50 values of nitenpyram and dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and chlorpyrifos exhibited significant correlations, as did those between dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, clothianidin, sulfoxaflor, imidacloprid, isoprocarb and buprofezin. Similarly, significant correlations were observed between thiamethoxam and clothianidin, sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid. In addition, the activity of EST in field populations of S. furcifera were significantly correlated with the LC50 values of nitenpyram, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. These results will help inform effective insecticide resistance management strategies to delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. furcifera.
- Published
- 2021
19. CeO2 nanohybrid as a synergist for insecticide resistance management
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Qinghong Zeng, Chang Yu, Xuanli Chang, Yue Wan, Yulong Ba, Chengyue Li, Haixiang Lv, Zhimin Guo, Tingwei Cai, Zhijie Ren, Yao Qin, Yunhua Zhang, Kangsheng Ma, Jianhong Li, Shun He, and Hu Wan
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
20. AlphaBlock: An Evaluation Framework for Blockchain Consensus Algorithms
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Haitao Xiang, Ning Wang, Hanqing Jin, Zhijie Ren, and Ziheng Zhou
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Consensus algorithm ,050101 languages & linguistics ,Theoretical computer science ,Blockchain ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,Throughput ,02 engineering and technology ,Core (game theory) ,Scalability ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Latency (engineering) ,Byzantine fault tolerance - Abstract
Consensus algorithm is the core of blockchain and it plays a crucial role in the performance of the blockchain. In general, there are two types of blockchain consensus algorithms: the Bitcoin-like Nakamoto consensus (NC) algorithms and the Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus algorithms. These two types of consensus algorithms are fundamentally different in forms and hard to be compared. However, currently, they are often used interchangeably for similar blockchains, which naturally raises a question of "given a network, which consensus would have the best performance in practice''. In this paper, we propose AlphaBlock, a theoretical framework for the performance comparison of blockchain consensus algorithms, in particular, NC algorithms and BFT algorithms. To make fair comparisons, AlphaBlock captures the most important advantages and disadvantages of both categories. Moreover, we incorporate some of the key features of the practical blockchain networks. The results show that BFT algorithms have a superior performance over NC algorithms in most cases in both throughput and latency, expect for the low latency region in large networks, where the NC algorithms show strong competence to the best BFT algorithms.
- Published
- 2021
21. Dynamics of Microbial Communities across the Life Stages of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
- Author
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Shun He, Kaikai Mao, Yao Xu, Chengyue Li, Jianhong Li, Hu Wan, Yunhua Zhang, Tingwei Cai, and Zhijie Ren
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Integrated pest management ,Nymph ,food.ingredient ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hirsutella ,Soil Science ,Zoology ,Insect ,Hemiptera ,food ,Microbial ecology ,Animals ,Microbiome ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common ,Ecology ,biology ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Microbiota ,Pest control ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,biology.organism_classification ,Arsenophonus ,business - Abstract
Understanding the composition of microorganismal communities hosted by insect pests is an important prerequisite for revealing their functions and developing new pest control strategies. Although studies of the structure of the microbiome of Nilaparvata lugens have been published, little is known about the dynamic changes in this microbiome across different developmental stages, and an understanding of the core microbiota is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in bacteria and fungi in different developmental stages of N. lugens using high-throughput sequencing technology. We observed that the microbial diversity in eggs and mated adults was higher than that in nymphs and unmated adults. We also observed a notable strong correlation between fungal and bacterial α-diversity, which suggests that fungi and bacteria are closely linked and may perform functions collaboratively during the whole developmental period. Arsenophonus and Hirsutella were the predominant bacterial and fungal taxa, respectively. Bacteria were more conserved than fungi during the transmission of the microbiota between developmental stages. Compared with that in the nymph and unmated adult stages of N. lugens, the correlation between bacterial and fungal communities in the mated adult and egg stages was stronger. Moreover, the core microbiota across all developmental stages in N. lugens was identified, and there were more bacterial genera than fungal genera; notably, the core microbiota of eggs, nymphs, and mated and unmated adults showed distinctive functional enrichment. These findings highlight the potential value of further exploring microbial functions during different developmental stages and developing new pest management strategies.
- Published
- 2021
22. The diversity of ion channel-assembled molecular switches empowers the flexibility and specificity of Ca
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Zhijie, Ren, Xiaohan, Wang, Changxin, Feng, Yajun, Pan, Wang, Tian, Qian, Zhang, Liangyu, Liu, Congcong, Hou, Dongdong, Kong, and Legong, Li
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Short Communication ,Arabidopsis ,Calcium ,Ion Channels ,Signal Transduction - Published
- 2021
23. A calmodulin-gated calcium channel links pathogen patterns to plant immunity
- Author
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Zhijie Ren, Chao Wang, Qi Niu, Fugeng Zhao, Songping Hu, Brian J. Staskawicz, Congcong Hou, Legong Li, Douglas Dahlbeck, Sheng Luan, Liying Zhang, and Wang Tian
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Receptor complex ,Calmodulin ,Xenopus ,Arabidopsis ,Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ,Plant Immunity ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Calcium ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Calcium Signaling ,Phosphorylation ,Calcium signaling ,Calcium metabolism ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Voltage-dependent calcium channel ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Chemistry ,Calcium channel ,Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,Immunity, Innate ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Oocytes ,biology.protein ,Female ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate innate immunity in both animals and plants. Although calcium has long been recognized as an essential signal for PAMP-triggered immunity in plants, the mechanism of PAMP-induced calcium signalling remains unknown1,2. Here we report that calcium nutrient status is critical for calcium-dependent PAMP-triggered immunity in plants. When calcium supply is sufficient, two genes that encode cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) proteins, CNGC2 and CNGC4, are essential for PAMP-induced calcium signalling in Arabidopsis3–7. In a reconstitution system, we find that the CNGC2 and CNGC4 proteins together—but neither alone—assemble into a functional calcium channel that is blocked by calmodulin in the resting state. Upon pathogen attack, the channel is phosphorylated and activated by the effector kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) of the pattern-recognition receptor complex, and this triggers an increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium8–10. The CNGC-mediated calcium entry thus provides a critical link between the pattern-recognition receptor complex and calcium-dependent immunity programs in the PAMP-triggered immunity signalling pathway in plants. The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel proteins CNGC2 and CNGC4 form a calcium channel in Arabidopsis; this channel is blocked by calmodulin in the resting state but is phosphorylated and activated upon pathogen attack, triggering an increase in cytosolic calcium levels.
- Published
- 2019
24. Characterization of nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
- Author
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Ehsan Ali, Hu Wan, Ruoheng Jin, Zhijie Ren, Xun Liao, Kaikai Mao, Jianhong Li, and Xiaolei Zhang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Piperonyl butoxide ,Pyridines ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Pyrimidinones ,Guanidines ,01 natural sciences ,Dinotefuran ,Hemiptera ,Insecticide Resistance ,Neonicotinoids ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Etofenprox ,Pyrethrins ,Animals ,Sulfoxaflor ,Nitenpyram ,biology ,Clothianidin ,General Medicine ,Nitro Compounds ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Thiazoles ,010602 entomology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Insect Proteins ,RNA Interference ,Carbamates ,Brown planthopper ,Thiamethoxam ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Nitenpyram is very effective in controlling Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper, BPH), and its resistance has been reported in field populations; however, the resistance mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, cross-resistance and resistance mechanisms in nitenpyram-resistant BPH were investigated. A resistant strain (NR) with a high resistance level (164.18-fold) to nitenpyram was evolved through successive selection for 42 generations from a laboratory susceptible strain (NS). The bioassay results showed that the NR exhibited cross-resistance to imidacloprid (37.46-fold), thiamethoxam (71.66-fold), clothianidin (149.17-fold), dinotefuran (98.13-fold), sulfoxaflor (47.24-fold), cycloxaprid (9.33-fold), etofenprox (10.51-fold) and isoprocarb (9.97-fold) but not to triflumezopyrim, chlorpyrifos and buprofezin. The NR showed a 3.21-fold increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activity compared to that in the NS, while resistance was also synergized (4.03-fold) with the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO), suggesting a role of P450. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes by quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that twelve P450 genes were significantly overexpressed in the NR strain, especially CYP6ER1 (203.22-fold). RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of CYP6ER1 through injection of dsCYP6ER1 led to significant susceptibility in the NR strain. The current study expands our understanding of the nitenpyram resistance mechanism in N. lugens, provides an important reference for integrated pest management (IPM), and enriches the theoretical system of insect toxicology.
- Published
- 2019
25. Dynamics of Insecticide Resistance in Different Geographical Populations of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in China 2016–2018
- Author
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Xun Liao, Xueying Qin, Chaoya Liu, Kaikai Mao, Jianhong Li, Hu Wan, Feng Sheng, Zhijie Ren, Yao Qin, and Wenhao Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,China ,Insecticides ,Population ,Spinosad ,Moths ,Chilo suppressalis ,01 natural sciences ,Insecticide Resistance ,Toxicology ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crambidae ,medicine ,Animals ,Cyantraniliprole ,education ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,biology ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Chlorpyrifos ,Abamectin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In this study, the sensitivity of 20 field populations of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) from five provinces in China to seven insecticides was evaluated during 2016–2018. The results indicated that 20 field populations of C. suppressalis had evolved moderate to high levels of resistance to triazophos (RR 64.5–461.3) and chlorpyrifos (RR 10.1–125.0). Furthermore, C. suppressalis exhibited low to moderate levels of resistance to abamectin (RR 6.5–76.5) and decreased susceptibility to cyantraniliprole (RR 1.0–34.0). The population collected from Nanchang in Jiangxi Province (JXNC) showed high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR 148.3–294.3), and other geographical populations remained susceptible to moderate levels of resistance (RR 1.0–37.5). In contrast, C. suppressalis remained susceptible to low levels of resistance to spinetoram (RR 1.0–6.7) and spinosad (RR 1.0–4.6). Significant correlations were found between the Log LC50 values of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos and triazophos, as well as cyantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos and triazophos. Similarly, significant correlations were found among abamectin, chlorpyrifos, and triazophos. In addition, a significant correlation was also observed between the activity of the detoxification enzymes and the log LC50 values of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, and triazophos. The findings provide an important reference for implementing effective resistance management strategies and the development of new insecticides in insect pest control.
- Published
- 2019
26. The influence of temperature on the toxicity of insecticides to Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
- Author
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Kaikai Mao, Jianhong Li, Shun He, Ruoheng Jin, Zhijie Ren, Hu Wan, Wenhao Li, and Xueying Qin
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecticides ,Pyridines ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,01 natural sciences ,Hemiptera ,Insecticide Resistance ,Toxicology ,Neonicotinoids ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Carboxylesterase ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Etofenprox ,Animals ,Nitenpyram ,business.industry ,Temperature ,Pest control ,General Medicine ,Glutathione ,Pesticide ,010602 entomology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Chlorpyrifos ,Toxicity ,business ,Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The toxicity of insecticides is associated with a variety of factors including temperature, and global warming is bound to lead to the outbreak of pests; therefore, it is important to study the influence of temperature on insecticide toxicity and pest control. In this study, the influence of temperature on the toxicity of insecticides to Nilaparvata lugens (BPH) was determined. The results showed that the sensitivity of BPH to cycloxaprid (LC50 = 42.5–0.388 mg/L), nitenpyram (LC50 = 3.49–0.187 mg/L), triflumezopyrim (LC50 = 0.354–0.0533 mg/L) and chlorpyrifos (LC50 = 36.3–7.41 mg/L) increased significantly when the temperature changed from 18 °C to 36 °C. BPH sensitivity to etofenprox (LC50 = 9.04–54.2 mg/L) was also affected by temperature. Additionally, the feeding amount and the activities of three detoxification enzymes [cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE)] of BPH at different temperatures were also measured. The feeding amounts were positively correlated with temperature increases while the activities of P450 and GST were significantly inhibited. The correlation analysis showed that changes in P450 activity (but not GST activity) were closely related to the sensitivity of BPH to cycloxaprid, nitenpyram, chlorpyrifos, and etofenprox according to the variation in temperatures. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of chemical pesticides under the global warming trend and provides a reference for the integrated management of BPH in the field.
- Published
- 2019
27. Dual oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of UGT overexpression-mediated clothianidin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
- Author
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Chaoya Liu, Kangsheng Ma, Yunhua Zhang, Shun He, Ruoheng Jin, Tingwei Cai, Jianhong Li, Zhijie Ren, Yue Wang, Kwang Sik Lee, Hu Wan, and Byung Rae Jin
- Subjects
Insecticides ,Toxin metabolism ,Guanidines ,Hemiptera ,Insecticide Resistance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neonicotinoids ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Gene silencing ,Animals ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Oxidase test ,biology ,Clothianidin ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Dual Oxidases ,Thiazoles ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Insect Science ,Brown planthopper ,Xenobiotic ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Background Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II metabolic enzymes involved in metabolism of toxins and resistance to insecticides in insect pests. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by xenobiotics are important for activation of detoxification pathways. However, relationships between ROS and UGTs involved in toxin metabolism and insecticide resistance remain unclear. Results Here, involvement of dual oxidase (Duox)-dependent ROS in regulating UGT expression-mediated insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens was investigated. The overexpression of NlUGT386F2 contributed to N. lugens' resistance to clothianidin. Furthermore, the ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine) significantly reduced the expression of NlUGT386F2 and increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to clothianidin. Silencing the ROS producer Duox significantly increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to clothianidin through the downregulation of NlUGT386F2 expression. Conclusion NlDuox-dependent ROS regulates NlUGT386F2 expression-mediated clothianidin resistance in brown planthopper. These observations further our understanding of the metabolism of toxins and of insecticide-resistance in insect pests. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
28. A chloride efflux transporter OsBIRG1 regulates grain size and salt tolerance in rice
- Author
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Wenmin Tian, Xu J, Wang L, Jiaying Qiu, Ligeng Ma, Fenglin Bai, Lei Zhang, Liangyu Liu, Qian Zhang, Zhijie Ren, Mingrun Li, Qi Niu, Fang Bao, Xiaohan Wang, Legong Li, Congcong Hou, Jiali Song, Yikun He, and Changxin Feng
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Mutant ,Xenopus ,food and beverages ,Salt (chemistry) ,Transporter ,biology.organism_classification ,Chloride ,Grain size ,chemistry ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Efflux ,Homeostasis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
SummaryGrain size is determined by the number of cells and cell size of the grain. Regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield. However, the genes and underlying molecular mechanisms controlling grain size remain elusive. Here we report a member of Detoxification efflux carrier (DTX)/Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) family transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively regulates the grain size in rice. BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the size of the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls is noticeably larger but the cell number is not altered compared with that in the wild-type (WT) grain. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. In line with the role of BIRG1 in mediating chloride efflux, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress under which the chloride level is toxic. Moreover, the birg1 grains contain higher level of chloride compared to WT grains when grown under normal paddy field. The birg1 roots accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline condition. Collectively, our findings suggest that BIRG1 functions as a chloride efflux transporter regulating grain size and salt tolerance via controlling chloride homeostasis in rice.
- Published
- 2021
29. Leaf-derived ABA regulates rice seed development via a transporter-mediated and temperature-sensitive mechanism
- Author
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Peng Qin, Guohua Zhang, Jing Xie, Jie Wu, Bingtian Ma, Binhua Hu, Yuping Wang, Legong Li, Limin Ye, Yulan Liu, Shigui Li, Bin Tu, Weilan Chen, Zhijie Ren, Cheng-Bin Xiang, and Hua Yuan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,organic chemicals ,Mutant ,fungi ,Plant Sciences ,food and beverages ,SciAdv r-articles ,Transporter ,01 natural sciences ,Phenotype ,Caryopsis ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biological significance ,Temperature sensitive ,Abscisic acid ,Gene ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Article - Abstract
A leaf-to-caryopsis abscisic acid transport mechanism ensures normal seed development in response to variable temperatures., Long-distance transport of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been studied for ~50 years, yet its mechanistic basis and biological significance remain very poorly understood. Here, we show that leaf-derived ABA controls rice seed development in a temperature-dependent manner and is regulated by defective grain-filling 1 (DG1), a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter that effluxes ABA at nodes and rachilla. Specifically, ABA is biosynthesized in both WT and dg1 leaves, but only WT caryopses accumulate leaf-derived ABA. Our demonstration that leaf-derived ABA activates starch synthesis genes explains the incompletely filled and floury seed phenotypes in dg1. Both the DG1-mediated long-distance ABA transport efficiency and grain-filling phenotypes are temperature sensitive. Moreover, we extended these mechanistic insights to other cereals by observing similar grain-filling defects in a maize DG1 ortholog mutant. Our study demonstrates that rice uses a leaf-to-caryopsis ABA transport–based mechanism to ensure normal seed development in response to variable temperatures.
- Published
- 2021
30. A transceptor-channel complex couples nitrate sensing to calcium signaling in Arabidopsis
- Author
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Xiaohan Wang, Qian Zhang, Sheng Luan, Dongdong Kong, Jiali Song, Congcong Hou, Chengcai Chu, Liangyu Liu, Wang Tian, Yikun He, Bin Hu, Ligeng Ma, Zhijie Ren, Qi Niu, Changxin Feng, Li-Li Tian, and Legong Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Potassium Channels ,Mutant ,Anion Transport Proteins ,Arabidopsis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Nutrient sensing ,Calcium ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,Calcium Signaling ,Molecular Biology ,Calcium signaling ,Plant Proteins ,Nitrates ,biology ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Calcium channel ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Biophysics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Nitrate-induced Ca2+ signaling is crucial for the primary nitrate response in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the generation of the nitrate-specific calcium signature remains unknown. We report here that a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) protein, CNGC15, and the nitrate transceptor (NRT1.1) constitute a molecular switch that controls calcium influx depending on nitrate levels. The expression of CNGC15 is induced by nitrate, and its protein is localized at the plasma membrane after establishment of young seedlings. We found that disruption of CNGC15 results in the loss of the nitrate-induced Ca2+ signature (primary nitrate response) and retards root growth, reminiscent of the phenotype observed in the nrt1.1 mutant. We further showed that CNGC15 is an active Ca2+-permeable channel that physically interacts with the NRT1.1 protein in the plasma membrane. Importantly, we discovered that CNGC15–NRT1.1 interaction silences the channel activity of the heterocomplex, which dissociates upon a rise in nitrate levels, leading to reactivation of the CNGC15 channel. The dynamic interactions between CNGC15 and NRT1.1 therefore control the channel activity and Ca2+ influx in a nitrate-dependent manner. Our study reveals a new nutrient-sensing mechanism that utilizes a nutrient transceptor–channel complex assembly to couple nutrient status to a specific Ca2+ signature.
- Published
- 2020
31. Interaction Between AtCML9 and AtMLO10 Regulates Pollen Tube Development and Seed Setting
- Author
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Tiange Li, Changxin Feng, Qian Zhang, Congcong Hou, Wang Tian, Mengou Li, Liangyu Liu, Yudan Tian, Xiaohan Wang, Mitianguo Tang, Jinlong Qiu, Zhijie Ren, Jiali Song, and Legong Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Gynoecium ,pollination ,Pollination ,Mutant ,MLO10 ,Plant Science ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Double fertilization ,03 medical and health sciences ,CML9 ,Human fertilization ,Pollen ,medicine ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Original Research ,food and beverages ,pollen tube ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Germination ,stigma ,Pollen tube ,recognition ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In higher-plant reproduction, the compatibility of pollen tube germination in the pistil is essential for successful double fertilization. It has been reported that Mildew Locus O (MLO) family gene NTA (MLO7), expressing in synergid cells, can correctly guide pollen tubes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interacting partners to MLOs in the fertilization is still unknown. In our study, we identified the direct protein interaction between CML9 and MLO10 within a non-canonical CaMBD. In GUS reporter assays, CML9 expresses in a high level in pollens, whereas MLO10 can be specifically detected in stigma which reaches up to a peaking level before fertilization. Therefore, the spatio-temporal expression patterns of MLO10 and CML9 are required for the time-window of pollination. When we observed the pollen germination in vitro, two cml9 mutant alleles dramatically reduced germination rate by 15% compared to wild-type. Consistently, the elongation rate of pollen tubes in planta was obviously slow while manually pollinating cml9-1 pollens to mlo10-1 stigmas. Additionally, cml9-1 mlo10-1 double mutant alleles had relatively lower rate of seed setting. Taken together, protein interaction between MLO10 and CML9 is supposed to affect pollen tube elongation and further affect seed development.
- Published
- 2020
32. Localization shift of a sugar transporter contributes to phloem unloading in sweet watermelons
- Author
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Jianyu Zhao, Yong Xu, Jie Zhang, Jinfang Wang, Fan Liu, Honghe Sun, Yongtao Yu, Zhangjun Fei, Hongju He, Yi Ren, Legong Li, Shouwei Tian, Mei Zong, Haiying Zhang, Guoyi Gong, Zhijie Ren, Li Maoying, Shaogui Guo, and Xiaolan Zhang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Sucrose ,Physiology ,Population ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Phloem ,01 natural sciences ,Citrullus ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sugar transporter ,Sugar ,education ,Plant Proteins ,education.field_of_study ,food and beverages ,Transporter ,Biological Transport ,Subcellular localization ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Efflux ,Sugars ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Unloading sugar from sink phloem by transporters is complex and much remains to be understood about this phenomenon in the watermelon fruit. Here, we report a novel vacuolar sugar transporter (ClVST1) identified through map-based cloning and association study, whose expression in fruit phloem is associated with accumulation of sucrose (Suc) in watermelon fruit. ClVST197 knockout lines show decreased sugar content and total biomass, whereas overexpression of ClVST197 increases Suc content. Population genomic and subcellular localization analyses strongly suggest a single-base change at the coding region of ClVST197 as a major molecular event during watermelon domestication, which results in the truncation of 45 amino acids and shifts the localization of ClVST197 to plasma membranes in sweet watermelons. Molecular, biochemical and phenotypic analyses indicate that ClVST197 is a novel sugar transporter for Suc and glucose efflux and unloading. Functional characterization of ClVST1 provides a novel strategy to increase sugar sink potency during watermelon domestication.
- Published
- 2020
33. Genomic Mechanisms of Physiological and Morphological Adaptations of Limestone Langurs to Karst Habitats
- Author
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Zhijin Liu, Xinxin Tan, Ming Li, Chaohui Tang, Ziming Wang, Jia-Li Zhang, Yifeng Li, Zhiyuan Xiang, Zuomin Yang, Christian Roos, Song Wang, Tengcheng Que, Guangjian Liu, Liye Zhang, Fang Dong, Junyi Wu, Fengming Han, Legong Li, Chengming Huang, Zhijie Ren, and Zhongze Yan
- Subjects
Male ,Population ,Adaptation, Biological ,Trachypithecus francoisi ,Genome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,Gene family ,Animals ,Primate ,Calcium Signaling ,Selection, Genetic ,education ,Hair Color ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Asia, Southeastern ,Ecosystem ,030304 developmental biology ,Comparative genomics ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Presbytini ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,White (mutation) ,Phylogeography ,Evolutionary biology ,Multigene Family ,Adaptation ,Animal Distribution ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Knowledge of the physiological and morphological evolution and adaptation of nonhuman primates is critical to understand hominin origins, physiological ecology, morphological evolution, and applications in biomedicine. Particularly, limestone langurs represent a direct example of adaptations to the challenges of exploiting a high calcium and harsh environment. Here, we report a de novo genome assembly (Tfra_2.0) of a male François’s langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) with contig N50 of 16.3 Mb and resequencing data of 23 individuals representing five limestone and four forest langur species. Comparative genomics reveals evidence for functional evolution in genes and gene families related to calcium signaling in the limestone langur genome, probably as an adaptation to naturally occurring high calcium levels present in water and plant resources in karst habitats. The genomic and functional analyses suggest that a single point mutation (Lys1905Arg) in the α1c subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2 (CACNA1C) attenuates the inward calcium current into the cells in vitro. Population genomic analyses and RNA-sequencing indicate that EDNRB is less expressed in white tail hair follicles of the white-headed langur (T. leucocephalus) compared with the black-colored François’s langur and hence might be responsible for species-specific differences in body coloration. Our findings contribute to a new understanding of gene–environment interactions and physiomorphological adaptative mechanisms in ecologically specialized primate taxa.
- Published
- 2019
34. Danger-Associated Peptides Close Stomata by OST1-Independent Activation of Anion Channels in Guard Cells
- Author
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Yanping Jing, Legong Li, Xiaojiang Zheng, Gerald A. Berkowitz, Fugeng Zhao, Jianmin Zhou, Zhijie Ren, Seock Kang, Jisen Shi, Aigen Fu, Sheng Luan, and Wenzhi Lan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Mutant ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Guard cell ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Pseudomonas syringae ,Research Articles ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,Anion channel activity ,biology.organism_classification ,Elicitor ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Plant Stomata ,Signal transduction ,Peptides ,Protein Kinases ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The plant elicitor peptides (Peps), a family of damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are perceived by two receptors, PEPR1 and PEPR2, and contribute to plant defense against pathogen attack and abiotic stress. Here, we show that the Peps-PEPR signaling pathway functions in stomatal immunity by activating guard cell anion channels in Arabidopsis thaliana. The mutant plants lacking both PEPR1 and PEPR2 (pepr1 pepr2) displayed enhanced bacterial growth after being sprayed with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000, but not after pathogen infiltration into leaves, implicating PEPR function in stomatal immunity. Indeed, synthetic Arabidopsis Peps (AtPeps) effectively induced stomatal closure in wild-type but not pepr1 pepr2 mutant leaves, suggesting that the AtPeps-PEPR signaling pathway triggers stomatal closure. Consistent with this finding, patch-clamp recording revealed AtPep1-induced activation of anion channels in the guard cells of wild-type but not pepr1 pepr2 mutant plants. We further identified two guard cell-expressed anion channels, SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAH3, as functionally overlapping components responsible for AtPep1-induced stomatal closure. The slac1 slah3 double mutant, but not slac1 or slah3 single mutants, failed to respond to AtPep1 in stomatal closure assays. Interestingly, disruption of OPEN STOMATA1 (OST1), an essential gene for abscisic acid-triggered stomatal closure, did not affect the AtPep1-induced anion channel activity and stomatal response. Together, these results illustrate a DAMP-triggered signaling pathway that, unlike the flagellin22-FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 pathway, triggers stomata immunity through an OST1-independent mechanism.
- Published
- 2018
35. The diversity of ion channel-assembled molecular switches empowers the flexibility and specificity of Ca2+ language
- Author
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Qian Zhang, Xiaohan Wang, Wang Tian, Changxin Feng, Yajun Pan, Liangyu Liu, Congcong Hou, Dongdong Kong, Zhijie Ren, and Legong Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Molecular switch ,Flexibility (engineering) ,Multiple stress ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plant development ,030104 developmental biology ,Biophysics ,Ion channel ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Cytosolic calcium - Abstract
Ca2+ transport mediated by ion channels across the membrane triggers specific cytosolic calcium signals, which play pivotal roles in plant development control and multiple stress responses. CNGCs (...
- Published
- 2021
36. Transfer cells mediate nitrate uptake to control root nodule symbiosis
- Author
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Zhijie Ren, Xiaxia Zhang, Yanjun Yu, Jing Ren, Chen Zhang, George F. Gao, Juan Tian, Legong Li, Jiaqi Su, Yige Huang, Zhaosheng Kong, and Qi Wang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Root nodule ,Anion Transport Proteins ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,Symbiosis ,Nitrogen Fixation ,Medicago truncatula ,Nitric oxide homeostasis ,Plant Proteins ,Nitrates ,biology ,Cell Membrane ,Nitrogenase ,Biological Transport ,Nitrate Transporters ,Membrane transport ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Nitrogen fixation ,Root Nodules, Plant ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Root nodule symbiosis enables nitrogen fixation in legumes and, therefore, improves crop production for sustainable agriculture1,2. Environmental nitrate levels affect nodulation and nitrogen fixation, but the mechanisms by which legume plants modulate nitrate uptake to regulate nodule symbiosis remain unclear1. Here, we identify a member of the Medicago truncatula nitrate peptide family (NPF), NPF7.6, which is expressed specifically in the nodule vasculature. NPF7.6 localizes to the plasma membrane of nodule transfer cells (NTCs), where it functions as a high-affinity nitrate transporter. Transfer cells show characteristic wall ingrowths that enhance the capacity for membrane transport at the apoplasmic-symplasmic interface between the vasculature and surrounding tissues3. Importantly, knockout of NPF7.6 using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in developmental defects of the nodule vasculature, with excessive expansion of NTC plasma membranes. npf7.6 nodules showed severely compromised nitrate responsiveness caused by an attenuated ability to transport nitrate. Moreover, npf7.6 nodules exhibited disturbed nitric oxide homeostasis and a notable decrease in nitrogenase activity. Our findings indicate that NPF7.6 has been co-opted into a regulatory role in nodulation, functioning in nitrate uptake through NTCs to fine-tune nodule symbiosis in response to fluctuating environmental nitrate status. These observations will inform efforts to optimize nitrogen fixation in legume crops.
- Published
- 2019
37. A Blockchain based Witness Model for Trustworthy Cloud Service Level Agreement Enforcement
- Author
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Jinshu Su, Cees de Laat, Zhijie Ren, Zhiming Zhao, Xue Ouyang, Huan Zhou, and System and Network Engineering (IVI, FNWI)
- Subjects
Blockchain ,Smart contract ,Computer science ,Cloud computing ,02 engineering and technology ,Audit ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,symbols.namesake ,020204 information systems ,Credibility ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Enforcement ,Service (business) ,business.industry ,Witness ,Incentive ,Nash equilibrium ,Collusion ,symbols ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,Cloud ,computer ,Game theory - Abstract
Traditional cloud Service Level Agreement (SLA) suffers from lacking a trustworthy platform for automatic enforcement. The emerging blockchain technique brings in an immutable solution for tracking transactions among business partners. However, it is still very challenging to prove the credibility of possible violations in the SLA before recording them onto the blockchain. To tackle this challenge, we propose a witness model using game theory and the smart contract techniques. The proposed model extends the existing service model with a new role called “witness” for detecting and reporting service violations. Witnesses gain revenue as an incentive for performing these duties, and the payoff function is carefully designed in a way that trustworthiness is guaranteed: in order to get the maximum profit, the witness has to always tell the truth. This is analyzed and proved through game theory using the Nash equilibrium principle. In addition, an unbiased sortition algorithm is proposed to ensure the randomness of the independent witnesses selection from the decentralized witness pool, to avoid possible unfairness or collusion. An auditing mechanism is also introduced in the paper to detect potential irrational or malicious witnesses. We have prototyped the system leveraging the smart contracts of Ethereum blockchain. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model and indicate good performance in accordance with the design expectations.
- Published
- 2019
38. A Scale-Out Blockchain for Value Transfer with Spontaneous Sharding
- Author
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Zekeriya Erkin, Bart de Jonge, Zhijie Ren, Taico Aerts, Alejandro Morais, and Kelong Cong
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Reliability (computer networking) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Fault tolerance ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.file_format ,Consistency (database systems) ,Scalability ,Node (computer science) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Executable ,business ,Database transaction ,Throughput (business) ,computer ,Computer network - Abstract
Bitcoin, as well as many of its successors, require the whole transaction record to be reliably acquired by all nodes to prevent double-spending. Recently, many blockchains have been proposed to achieve scale-out throughput by letting nodes only acquire a fraction of the whole transaction set. However, these schemes, e.g., sharding and off-chain techniques, suffer from a degradation in decentralization or the capacity of fault tolerance. In this paper, we show that the complete set of transactions is not a necessity for the prevention of double-spending if the properties of value transfers is fully explored. In other words, we show that a value-transfer ledger like Bitcoin has the potential to scale-out by its nature without sacrificing security or decentralization. Firstly, we give a formal definition for the value-transfer ledger and its distinct features from a generic database. Then, we introduce the blockchain structure with a shared main chain for consensus and an individual chain for each node for recording transactions. A locally executable validation scheme is proposed with uncompromising validity and consistency. A beneficial consequence of our design is that nodes will spontaneously try to reduce their transmission cost by only providing the transactions needed to show that their transactions are not double spend. As a result, the network is sharded as each node only acquires part of the transaction record and a scale-out throughput could be achieved, which we call "spontaneous sharding".
- Published
- 2018
39. Transaction Propagation on Permissionless Blockchains: Incentive and Routing Mechanisms
- Author
-
Oguzhan Ersoy, Zekeriya Erkin, Zhijie Ren, and Reginald L. Lagendijk
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Node (networking) ,02 engineering and technology ,Network topology ,Incentive ,020204 information systems ,Shortest path problem ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Routing (electronic design automation) ,business ,Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,Database transaction ,Block (data storage) ,Computer network - Abstract
Existing permissionless blockchain solutions rely on peer-to-peer propagation mechanisms, where nodes in a network transfer transaction they received to their neighbors. Unfortunately, there is no explicit incentive for such transaction propagation. Therefore, existing propagation mechanisms will not be sustainable in a fully decentralized blockchain with rational nodes. In this work, we formally define the problem of incentivizing nodes for transaction propagation. We propose an incentive mechanism where each node involved in the propagation of a transaction receives a share of the transaction fee. We also show that our proposal is Sybil-proof. Furthermore, we combine the incentive mechanism with smart routing to reduce the communication and storage costs at the same time. The proposed routing mechanism reduces the redundant transaction propagation from the size of the network to a factor of average shortest path length. The routing mechanism is built upon a specific type of consensus protocol where the round leader who creates the transaction block is known in advance. Note that our routing mechanism is a generic one and can be adopted independently from the incentive mechanism., 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology
- Published
- 2017
40. Secure Transmission on the Two-Hop Relay Channel With Scaled Compute-and-Forward
- Author
-
Jasper Goseling, Michael Gastpar, Jos H. Weber, Zhijie Ren, and Stochastic Operations Research
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer science ,Computer Science - Information Theory ,Jamming ,Compute-and-forward ,02 engineering and technology ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,Library and Information Sciences ,Upper and lower bounds ,law.invention ,Channel capacity ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Relay ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,information theoretic security ,Secure transmission ,untrusted relay ,Channel use ,Computer Science::Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Signal to noise ratio ,two-hop channel ,business.industry ,Information Theory (cs.IT) ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,020302 automobile design & engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Eavesdropping ,lattice codes ,Lattices ,Reliability ,Relays ,Computer Science Applications ,Electronic mail ,2023 OA procedure ,two-hop ,business ,Relay channel ,Upper bound ,Information Systems ,Computer network ,Communication channel - Abstract
In this paper, we consider communication on a two-hop channel, in which a source wants to send information reliably and securely to the destination via a relay. We consider both the untrusted relay case and the external eavesdropper case. In the untrusted relay case, the relay behaves as an eavesdropper and there is a cooperative node which sends a jamming signal to confuse the relay when the it is receiving from the source. We propose two secure transmission schemes using the scaled compute-and-forward technique. One of the schemes is based on a random binning code and the other one is based on a lattice chain code. It is proved that in either the high Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) scenario and/or the restricted relay power scenario, if the destination is used as the jammer, both schemes outperform all existing schemes and achieve the upper bound. In particular, if the SNR is large and the source, the relay, and the cooperative jammer have identical power and channels, both schemes achieve the upper bound for secrecy rate, which is merely $1/2$ bit per channel use lower than the channel capacity without secrecy constraints. We also prove that one of our schemes achieves a positive secrecy rate in the external eavesdropper case in which the relay is trusted and there exists an external eavesdropper., This paper has been submitted to the IEEE transactions on information theory
- Published
- 2017
41. Research on Yacht Design Method Based on Game Engine
- Author
-
Guanlin Li, Zhijie Ren, Fuyong Liu, Chaohe Chen, and Guoye Long
- Subjects
Design phase ,Engineering ,Design stage ,Game engine ,business.industry ,Systems engineering ,Work efficiency ,Design methods ,business ,Simulation ,User feedback ,Visualization - Abstract
This paper presents a new yacht design methodology that applies the game engine to the yacht design phase to address the communication between the designer and the terminal customer (ship owner). Also, this paper evaluates and achieves the interaction and visualization through the integration between the game engine and the yacht’s early design stage, which can improve communication efficiency of the yacht design standards and related norms between the designer and ship owner. The thinking way of ship owner is incorporated into the game engine prototype development, which can inspire the designer to improve work efficiency in turn. This paper introduces a new design method and theory framework, the development of prototype and use case demonstration, discusses preliminary evaluation and user feedback and makes further improvement of the development prototype.
- Published
- 2017
42. BYY harmony learning of log-normal mixtures with automated model selection
- Author
-
Yifan Zhou, Jinwen Ma, Zhijie Ren, and Wenli Zheng
- Subjects
Harmony (color) ,Estimation theory ,Statistical learning ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Model selection ,Bayesian probability ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Science Applications ,Artificial Intelligence ,Log-normal distribution ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Parameter learning ,Mathematics - Abstract
Bayesian Ying–Yang (BYY) harmony learning system is a powerful tool for statistical learning. Via the BYY harmony leaning of finite mixtures, model selection, i.e., the selection of an appropriate number of components for the mixture, can be made automatically during parameter learning on a given dataset. In this paper, an adaptive gradient BYY harmony learning algorithm is proposed for log-normal mixtures to implement parameter learning with automated model selection. It is demonstrated by the experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets that the proposed BYY harmony learning algorithm not only has the ability of automated model selection, but also leads to a rather good estimation of the parameters in the original log-normal mixture.
- Published
- 2015
43. SbHKT1;4 , a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter gene family from Sorghum bicolor , functions to maintain optimal Na+ /K+ balance under Na+ stress
- Author
-
Zhijie Ren, Bao-Guo Li, Xue Feng, Tian-Tian Wang, Rui-Qi Guo, Hai-Chun Jing, Zhi-Quan Liu, and Le-Gong Li
- Subjects
biology ,Chemistry ,Potassium ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Mutant ,Xenopus ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Transporter ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Botany ,Gene family ,Arabidopsis thaliana - Abstract
In halophytic plants, the high-affinity potassium transporter HKT gene family can selectively uptake K+ in the presence of toxic concentrations of Na+. This has so far not been well examined in glycophytic crops. Here, we report the characterization of SbHKT1;4, a member of the HKT gene family from Sorghum bicolor. Upon Na+ stress, SbHKT1;4 expression was more strongly upregulated in salt-tolerant sorghum accession, correlating with a better balanced Na+/K+ ratio and enhanced plant growth. Heterogeneous expression analyses in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that overexpressing SbHKT1;4 resulted in hypersensitivity to Na+ stress, and such hypersensitivity could be alleviated with the supply of elevated levels of K+, implicating that SbHKT1;4 may mediate K+ uptake in the presence of excessive Na+. Further electrophysiological evidence demonstrated that SbHKT1;4 could transport Na+ and K+ when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The relevance of the finding that SbHKT1;4 functions to maintain optimal Na+/K+ balance under Na+ stress to the breeding of salt-tolerant glycophytic crops is discussed.
- Published
- 2014
44. Unsatisfied customer call detection with deep learning
- Author
-
Yanmeng Wang, Huixin Wang, Zhijie Ren, Pengyu Cong, Junlan Feng, and Chaomin Wang
- Subjects
Artificial neural network ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Speech recognition ,Deep learning ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Feature extraction ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Semantics ,Convolutional neural network ,Support vector machine ,Statistical classification ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Conversation ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
In this paper, we describe our practical efforts for applying speech emotion recognition(SER) in customer care scenarios. We systematically analyze the challenges we observe in our data, which are very different from speech emotion databases uttered by actors. Our contributions are two-fold. One, we propose a 2-level framework to measure the customers satisfaction score on the conversation level. We explore most acoustic and semantic features reported in previous work for SER and propose a few new features such as rhythm features. Second, we combine a fully connected deep neural network model with acoustic features, a convolutional neural network model with semantic features as well as rules from business experiences. We compare our approach with a few methods reported in the literature. The obtained system can detect unsatisfied customer calls with 64.4% precision at the recall of 30%. The precision is 18% absolutely better than a decent baseline built on top of traditional classification algorithms.
- Published
- 2016
45. Information Fusion in Automatic User Satisfaction Analysis in Call Center
- Author
-
Pengyu Cong, Zhijie Ren, Chaomin Wang, Weiqun Xu, Huixin Wang, Junlan Feng, Yonghong Yan, and Jia Sun
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Speech recognition ,User satisfaction ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Statistical model ,Computer user satisfaction ,02 engineering and technology ,Anger ,computer.software_genre ,Support vector machine ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Test set ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Artificial intelligence ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Classifier (UML) ,computer ,Natural language processing ,media_common ,Spoken language - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method to predict the user emotional state (anger or neutral) for improvement of user satisfaction in call center. In order to detect the user satisfaction more accurately, our work employs the following information fusion technologies: (1) in view of the data imbalance problem, we adopt statistical model fusion, (2) for improving classifier performance, we combine features with n-gram, sentiment word and domain-specific word, (3) according to the characteristics of spoken language, we use the combination of statistical model and language rule, (4) as to the multi dimension of emotion expression, we adopt the two perspectives of acoustic and linguistics to comprehensive evaluation. We have done a series of experiments on human-human dialogues which derived from China Mobile call center corpus, and our system gives each dialogue a user emotion result that is angry or neutral, corresponding to the user satisfaction or dissatisfaction. We regard the user's feedback as the standard answer. As a result, the fusion system, with 69.1% f1-meaurement, outperforms the signal statistical model (Support Vector Machines) with linguistics features which as baseline of approximately 65.4% f1-meaurement on test set.
- Published
- 2016
46. Customer voice sensor: A comprehensive opinion mining system for call center conversation
- Author
-
Yonghong Yan, Chaomin Wang, Pengyu Cong, Zhijie Ren, Peijia Li, Huixin Wang, and Junlan Feng
- Subjects
Voice of the customer ,Customer retention ,Service quality ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,Data science ,Corporation ,Customer advocacy ,020204 information systems ,Customer reference program ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Customer satisfaction ,Customer intelligence ,Customer to customer - Abstract
Call center is an important intermediary between enterprise and customers. It not only helps customers to solve the problems they are faced with but also allows the enterprise to deeply analyze the customer's voice and make a distinct market positioning. Nowadays customer satisfaction in call center have been attached much importance and studied extensively. However, few researches are actually about analyzing and understanding the data from the mining standpoint. In this paper, a comprehensive opinion mining system of the call center conversation named the customer voice sensor (CVS) is designed and implemented. The proposed system incorporates sentiment classification, information extraction and domain knowledge base techniques. It is able to find out the sentiments of customers and services as well as the intention of the caller. Experimental results on a dataset collected by China Mobile Communication Corporation prove the effectiveness of these techniques.
- Published
- 2016
47. On the Energy Benefit of Compute-and-forward for Multiple Unicasts
- Author
-
Zhijie Ren, Jasper Goseling, Jos H. Weber, Michael Gastpar, and Stochastic Operations Research
- Subjects
Decoding ,Wireless communication ,Unicast ,02 engineering and technology ,Topology ,01 natural sciences ,Network coding ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,Mathematics ,Routing ,Wireless network ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Function (mathematics) ,Energy consumption ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bounded function ,Linear network coding ,Routing (electronic design automation) ,business ,Energy (signal processing) ,Upper bound ,Computer network - Abstract
Compute-and-forward (CF) is a technique which exploits broadcast and superposition in wireless networks. In this paper, the CF energy benefit is studied for networks with unicast sessions and modeled by connected graphs. This benefit is defined as the ratio of the minimum energy consumption by traditional routing techniques, not using broadcast and superposition features, and the corresponding CF consumption. It is shown to be upper bounded by min(d̅, K, 12√K), where d̅ and K are the average hop-count distance and the number of sessions, respectively. Also, it can be concluded that the energy benefit of network coding (NC) is also upper bounded by the same value, which is a new scaling law of the energy benefit for NC as a function of K.
- Published
- 2016
48. Parameter estimation of Poisson mixture with automated model selection through BYY harmony learning
- Author
-
Zhijie Ren, Jianfeng Liu, and Jinwen Ma
- Subjects
Estimation theory ,business.industry ,Model selection ,Feature extraction ,Pattern recognition ,Mixture theory ,symbols.namesake ,Artificial Intelligence ,Signal Processing ,symbols ,Feature (machine learning) ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Gaussian process ,Gradient method ,Software ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Mathematics - Abstract
Finite mixture is widely used in the fields of information processing and data analysis. However, its model selection, i.e., the selection of components in the mixture for a given sample data set, has been still a rather difficult task. Recently, the Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) harmony learning has provided a new approach to the Gaussian mixture modeling with a favorite feature that model selection can be made automatically during parameter learning. In this paper, based on the same BYY harmony learning framework for finite mixture, we propose an adaptive gradient BYY learning algorithm for Poisson mixture with automated model selection. It is demonstrated well by the simulation experiments that this adaptive gradient BYY learning algorithm can automatically determine the number of actual Poisson components for a sample data set, with a good estimation of the parameters in the original or true mixture where the components are separated in a certain degree. Moreover, the adaptive gradient BYY learning algorithm is successfully applied to texture classification.
- Published
- 2009
49. The effects of flexible housing on urban housing obsolescence in China
- Author
-
Zhijie Ren
- Subjects
Labour economics ,Market economy ,Obsolescence ,Business - Published
- 2015
50. Secure transmission using an untrusted relay with scaled compute-and-forward
- Author
-
Jasper Goseling, Zhijie Ren, Jos H. Weber, and Michael Gastpar
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,Jamming ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,Upper and lower bounds ,law.invention ,Channel state information ,Relay ,law ,Lattice (order) ,Secrecy ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,business ,Secure transmission ,Relay channel ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Computer network - Abstract
A two-hop channel is considered, in which the source wants to send information to the destination while keeping the information confidential from the relay. A novel lattice chain and compute-and-forward based scheme is proposed in which the destination provides cooperative jamming. Channel state information is used at the source and the destination to scale the encoding lattices for the message and the jamming signal according to the channel gains. We compare the achievable secrecy rate of our scheme with an upper bound and with the achievable secrecy rate of other schemes. It follows that our scheme outperforms all existing schemes except in the low power region.
- Published
- 2015
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