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In order to achieve accurate measurement of the radial growth of tree, this paper proposes a tree trunk diameter measurement algorithm based on line structured light, and constructs a tree radial growth measurement system based on line structured light vision. The original image is acquired by using an infrared camera and the original image is preprocessed. The image is segmented by the target contour extraction function findContours and the contour minimum bounding rectangle function boundingRect in OpenCV to extract the area where the tree is located. Line structured light is extracted by using a Hough transform. The distance between the camera and the tree is obtained in real time by using the TOF module, and the diameter of the tree trunk is obtained based on the principle of line structured light stereo measurement. The test results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately measure the diameter of tree and achieve the automatic monitoring of the radial growth of tree.