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Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (AC) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) have different biological behaviors and clinical features. We utilized our previous proteomic data and public transcriptome, single-cell transcriptome, and spatial transcriptome databases to profile the molecular atlas of the tumor microenvironments of MC, AC, and normal colon tissues. By exploring the general and specific molecular features of AC and MC, we found that AC was immune-active but exposed to a hypoxic microenvironment. MC cells could protect against DNA damage, and the microenvironment was unfavorable to leukocyte transendothelial migration. We identified several potential molecular and cellular targets of AC and MC for future research. We also highlighted that the major difference between AC and MC was not the variety of cell types and functions but possibly cell interactions. Stromal and epithelial cell interactions play important roles in both MC and AC, but different regulatory pathways were involved.

In this study, through a questionnaire survey of university students, we examined how short- and longterm mental health effects of writing one’s stress experiences on SNS could vary depending on the depth of message contents and frequency of writing. We classified solely stating experience of stress as low-level content, inclusion of related thoughts and feelings as moderate-level content, and additional inclusion of possible future impact as high-level content. The results of this study indicated that those who predominately wrote moderate-level messages, in contrast to low- and high-level content, tended to feel less stressed afterwards over a short period. However, the stress release did not hold in the long run. Furthermore, consistent with previous studies that focused on number of messages, we also found that people who often wrote about stress experiences on SNS - no matter the depth - tended to be more depressed. Altogether, in terms of depth of messages, writing about stress experiences on SNS is not as useful as people feel, and frequent writing may be related to poor mental health.

Heterogeneous multicore processor systems, as one of the highlights of multicore processor systems, are widely loved by people for their high efficiency and low cost, and they have also become the most commonly used processor systems in embedded systems. In the process of research on heterogeneous multicore processor systems, system task scheduling is particularly important. A good task scheduling algorithm can give full play to system performance. In this paper, the intelligent approximation algorithm is applied to the task scheduling problem of heterogeneous multicore processor system, and the heterogeneous multicore processor system is obtained as a highlight in the multicore processor system. Relying on the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost, it is widely loved by people, and at the same time, it has become the most commonly used processor system in embedded systems. In the process of research on heterogeneous multicore processor systems, the system task scheduling problem is particularly important. A good task scheduling algorithm can give full play to system performance. Some commonly used heuristic task scheduling algorithms are insufficient in solving such problems. This paper combines the granularity-based wavefront parallel decoding algorithm and the fast fusion loop filter algorithm to apply pipeline parallel technology between pixels. Decoding reconstruction module and fast loop filter module realize the fusion of multilevel parallel decoding. Based on the multicore platform, a dynamic multiparallel scheduling algorithm is designed to realize two-way video real-time parallel high-speed decoding, which improves the core resource utilization rate and decoding execution efficiency of the multicore processing platform. This paper also designs an indicator collector, a read-write hit collector, and a cache block priority determiner to implement a dynamic generation strategy with low hardware overhead. Multimodal teaching has certain feasibility and effectiveness and can have a positive impact on the English reading motivation and English reading comprehension ability of university students. Multimodal teaching improves students’ English reading comprehension ability, deepens students’ understanding and memory of words, and broadens the scope of knowledge, which has a significant promoting effect. The research results show that multimodality can be applied to college English teaching, and it can achieve better results than traditional teaching methods. By comparing the test results before and after the test, there are obvious differences between the experimental class and the control class. Whether it is the paired sample T-test of the experimental class or the independent sample T-test of two teaching methods in two classes, it proves that the scores under the multimodal English teaching mode are higher than the traditional teaching mode. Multimodal classrooms provide students with many opportunities to participate in classroom activities and form a competitive learning atmosphere. This competitive learning atmosphere has become a driving force to promote student learning. Multimodal teaching methods help to cultivate students’ independent and cooperative learning. In a multimodal classroom, many activities require cooperation and discussion among students. When they encounter difficulties, they can help each other, discuss with each other, and cooperate to complete tasks. Therefore, the multimodal teaching method will stimulate students’ interest in learning, give full play to students’ initiative, and improve students’ English ability.

Polymer flooding is one of the techniques used to enhance oil recovery from depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. Although this technology is popular for this application, the shearing effect in the injection process causes poor performance, which is an obstacle to meeting the needs of the formation. An experimental evaluation of the rheological properties, viscoelasticity, hydrodynamic size, static adsorption, and seepage characteristics of the associated polymer solution before and after shearing was conducted to determine the influence of shearing on the polymer solution. The results show that the effect of shear on the polymer was irreversible, and the properties of the polymer solution damaged by shear were attenuated. After the critical associating concentration, the associated polymer can recover its solution properties through hydrophobic association, which can improve the shear resistance of the polymer solution and make its own rheological law and reduce the viscoelastic change. Although the hydrodynamic size, viscoelasticity, and adsorption capacity of the polymer solution after shear failure decreased, strong flow resistance during porous media seepage and mobility control was achieved. Improving the shear resistance of the polymer solution by increasing the intermolecular force is proposed to develop new polymer systems for subsequent oil displacement.

With the sustained attention on carbon neutrality, the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme has been embraced as an auspicious paradigm for scaling down carbon emissions. To facilitate the simultaneous clearance of energy and carbon allowance inside the energy community while hedging against uncertainty, a joint trading framework is proposed in this article. The energy trading is implemented in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner without the intervention of a central operator, and the uncertainty trading is materialized through procuring reserve of conventional generators and flexibility of users. Under the PCT scheme, carbon allowance is transacted via a sharing mechanism. Possible excessive carbon emissions due to uncertainty balance are tackled by obliging renewable agents to procure sufficient carbon allowances, following the consumption responsibility principle. A two-stage iterative method consisting of tightening McCormick envelope and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is devised to transform the model into a mixed-integer second-order cone program (MISOCP) and to allow for a fully decentralized market-clearing procedure. Numerical results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed market model.

The effective management of stochastic characteristics of renewable power generations is vital for ensuring the stable and secure operation of power systems. This paper addresses the formidable task of optimizing the chance-constrained voltage-stability-constrained optimal power flow (CC-VSC-OPF) problem, which is hindered by the implicit voltage stability index and intractable chance constraints. Leveraging a neural network (NN)-based surrogate model, the stability constraint is explicitly formulated and seamlessly integrated into the model. To perform uncertainty propagation without relying on presumptions or complicated transformations, an advanced data-driven method known as adaptive polynomial chaos expansion (APCE) is developed. To extend the scalability of the proposed algorithm, a partial least squares (PLS)-NN framework is designed, which enables the establishment of a parsimonious surrogate model and efficient computation of large-scale Hessian matrices. In addition, a dimensionally decomposed APCE (DD-APCE) is proposed to alleviate the "curse of dimensionality" by restricting the interaction order among random variables. Finally, the above techniques are merged into an iterative scheme to update the operation point. Simulation results reveal the cost-effective performances of the proposed method in several test systems.

Atomically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles are promising for catalytic applications but are difficult to produce because the high-temperature annealing required for atom ordering inevitably accelerates metal sintering that leads to larger crystallites. We prepared platinum intermetallics with an average particle size of5 nanometers on porous sulfur-doped carbon supports, on which the strong interaction between platinum and sulfur suppresses metal sintering up to 1000°C. We synthesized intermetallic libraries of small nanoparticles consisting of 46 combinations of platinum with 16 other metal elements and used them to study the dependence of electrocatalytic oxygen-reduction reaction activity on alloy composition and platinum skin strain. The intermetallic libraries are highly mass efficient in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells and could achieve high activities of 1.3 to 1.8 amperes per milligram of platinum at 0.9 volts.

The coupling relationship between polymer gel system and reservoir pores is an important basis for scientific formulation of tertiary oil recovery programs. The polymer gel profile control agent can significantly modify the fluid migration path inside the reservoir. In this study, artificial cores were used to carry out indoor water flooding experiments after polymer gel injection that considering formation permeability, polymer concentration and polymer injection rates. Based on the accurate records of the breakthrough pressure and injection volume during water flooding, as well as a large number of observations of the microscopic morphology of the cores after the polymer gel profile control and displacement, a set of criteria for determining reservoir-matched polymer gel profile control agents is proposed. The experimental results show that a complex spatial network structure is formed after the gelation of the polymer gel system. As the polymer concentration increases, the network structure of the gel system becomes denser. At the same time, the unit network structure is becoming smaller, and the order of the grid chain structure becomes clearer. Under the condition of low polymer concentrations, the backbone structures of the gel are obvious, but there are a lot of fine pores. When the polymer concentration is greater than 1,500 mg/L and the injection rate is less than 0.15 ml/min, the water flooding breakthrough pressure is greater than 0.2 MPa, the plugging rate is greater than 95%, and a good plugging effect is obtained.

Real-time imaging of transient structure of the electronic excited state is fundamentally critical to understand and control ultrafast physics and chemistry. However, the coherent nuclear motion in a specific excited state is yet to be captured accurately. Here, snapshots of the vibrational wave-packets of the excited (A) and ground states (X) of D$\rm_{2}$O$^{+}$ were acquired simultaneously with sub-10 picometer and few-femtosecond spatiotemporal precision, using a novel approach based on electron recollision-assisted Coulomb explosion. We visualised large amplitude bending and stretching motions for the A state, which significantly increased $\rm \theta _{DOD}$ and R$\rm_{OD}$ by approximately 50$^\circ$ and 10 pm, respectively, within 8 fs after initial tunneling ionization. In contrast, for the X state, only the prominant stretching motion is initialised with a bond extension of 7 pm within 5 fs. Another higher excited state with an asymmetric folding structure is experimentally established, which can be efficiently populated via the excitation of electron recollision. We demonstrate the remarkable dynamical vibrational fingerprints of these excite states and pave the way towards to make a movie of excited state-resolved ultrafast molecular dynamics and light-induced chemical reaction.

Lead-free tin-based perovskites are highly appealing for the next generation of solar cells due to their intriguing optoelectronic properties. However, the tendency of Sn2+ oxidation to Sn4+ in the tin-based perovskites induces serious film degradation and performance deterioration. Herein, we demonstrate, through the density functional theory based first-principle calculations in a surface slab model, that the surface defects of the Sn-based perovskite FASnI3 (FA = NH2CHNH2+) could be effectively passivated by the Lewis base molecules. The passivation performance of Lewis base molecules in tin-based perovskite is tightly correlated with their molecular hardness. We reveal that the degree of hardness of Lewis adsorbate governs the stabilization via dual effects: first, changing the stubborn spatial distribution of tin vacancy (VSn) by triggering charge redistribution; second, saturating the dangling states while simultaneously reducing the amounts of deep band gap states. Specifically, the hard Lewis base molecules like edamine (N-donor group) and Isatin-Cl (Cl-donor group) would show a better healing effect than other candidates on the defects-contained tin-based perovskite surface with a somehow hard Lewis acid nature. Our research provides a general strategy for additive engineering and fabricating stable and high-efficiency lead-free Sn-based perovskite solar cells.

Existence of van der Waals gaps renders two-dimensional (2D) materials ideal passages of lithium for being used as anode materials. However, the requirement of good conductivity significantly limits the choice of 2D candidates. So far only graphite is satisfying due to its relatively high conductivity. Recently, a new polymorph of layered germanium selenide (Gamma-GeSe) was proven to be semimetal in its bulk phase with a higher conductivity than graphite while its monolayer behaves semiconducting. In this work, by using first-principles calculations, we examined the possibility of using this new group-IV monochalcogenide, Gamma-GeSe, as anode in the Li-ion battery (LIBs). Our studies revealed that Li atom would form an ionic adsorption with adjacent selenium atoms at the hollow site and exist in cationic state (lost 0.89 e to Gamma-GeSe). Results of climbing image-nudged elastic band show the diffusion barrier of Li is 0.21 eV in the monolayer limit, which can activate a relatively fast diffusion even at room temperature on the Gamma-GeSe surface. The calculated theoretical average voltages range from 0.071 to 0.015 V at different stoichiometry of LixGeSe with minor volume variation, suggesting its potential application as anode of LIBs. The predicted moderate binding energy, a low open circuit voltage (comparable to graphite) and a fast motion of Li suggests that Gamma-GeSe nanosheet can be chemically exfoliated via Li intercalation and a promising candidate as the anode material for LIBs.

Investigation on structures in the high-harmonic spectrum has provided profuse information of molecular structure and dynamics in intense laser fields, based on which techniques of molecular ultrafast dynamics imaging have been developed. Combining ab initio calculations and experimental measurements on the high-harmonic spectrum of the CO_{2} molecule, we find a novel dip structure in the low-energy region of the harmonic spectrum which is identified as fingerprints of participation of deeper-lying molecular orbitals in the process and decodes the underlying attosecond multichannel coupling dynamics. Our work sheds new light on the ultrafast dynamics of molecules in intense laser fields.

Hydrogen as the cleanest energy carrier is a promising alternative renewable resource to fossil fuels. There is an ever-increasing interest in exploring efficient and cost-effective approaches of hydrogen production. Recent experiments have shown that single platinum atom immobilized on the metal vacancies of MXenes allows a high-efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here using ab initio calculations, we design a series of substitutional Pt-doped Ti n + 1C n T x (Ti n + 1C n T x -PtSA) with different thicknesses and terminations (n = 1, 2 and 3, T x = O, F and OH), and investigate the quantum-confinement effect on the HER catalytic performance. Surprisingly, we reveal a strong thickness effect of the MXene layer on the HER performance. Among the various surface-terminated derivatives, Ti2CF2-PtSA and Ti2CH2O2-PtSA are found to be the best HER catalysts with the change of Gibbs free energy ΔG H* ∼ 0 eV, complying with the thermoneutral condition. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Ti2CF2-PtSA and Ti2CH2O2-PtSA possess a good thermodynamic stability. The present work shows that the HER catalytic activity of the MXene is not solely governed by the local environment of the surface such as Pt single atom. We point out the critical role of thickness control and surface decoration of substrate in achieving a high-performance HER catalytical activity.

Primary biliary melanoma arises from proliferating melanocytes in the mucosal surface of the bile duct and is extremely rare. Since the vast majority of biliary melanomas represent metastases of cutaneous origin, accurate preoperative diagnosis of melanoma and exclusion of other primary sources are vital in cases involving primary lesions. Although melanomas with pigmented cells have typical signal characteristics, obtaining a non-invasive pre-treatment diagnosis remains difficult, due to their low incidence. Here, the case of a 61-year-old male Asian patient who presented with upper quadrant abdominal pain, swelling and jaundice for 2 weeks, and who was diagnosed with primary biliary melanoma following extensive preoperative blood analyses, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is described. Post-resection immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis and the patient received six chemotherapy cycles of temozolomide and cisplatin, however, progression of multiple liver metastases was observed at the 18-month follow-up CT. The patient continued with pembrolizumab and died 17 months later. The present case of primary biliary melanoma is the first reported diagnosis based on typical MRI features and the exhaustive exclusion of a separate primary origin.

Shu-Juan Zheng,1 Yi Luo,1,2 Jian-Hui Xiao1,2 1Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China; 2Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jian-Hui Xiao, Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, HuiChuan District, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China, Email jhxiao@zmu.edu.cnBackground: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology comprising numerous genetic and environmental factors; however, many of the mechanisms underlying disease development remain unclear. Nevertheless, a critical role has recently been assigned to intestinal microorganisms in T1DM disease pathogenesis. In particular, a decrease in intestinal microbial diversity, increase in intestinal permeability, and the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the pancreas have been reported in patients and animal models with T1DM. Moreover, intestinal microbial metabolites differ between healthy individuals and patients with T1DM. Specifically, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which contributes to intestinal barrier integrity and immune response regulation, is significantly reduced in patients with T1DM. Considering this correlation between intestinal microorganisms and T1DM, many studies have investigated the potential of intestinal microbiota in preventive and therapeutic strategies for T1DM.Objective: The aim of this review is to provide further support for the notion that intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of T1DM occurrence and development. In particular, this article reviews the involvement of the intestinal microbiota and the associated metabolites in T1DM pathogenesis, as well as recent studies on the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in T1DM prevention and treatment.Conclusion: Intestinal microbes and their metabolites contribute to T1DM occurrence and development and may become a potential target for novel therapeutics.Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, intestinal microorganisms, intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, metabolites, prevention and treatment

Electrocatalysts of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) have attracted ever-growing attention due to its application for renewable energy alternative to fossil fuels. However, activation of inert N-N bond requires multiple complex charge injection which complicates the design of the catalysts. Here via combining atomic-scale screening and machine learning (ML) methods we explore the rational design of NRR single-atom catalysts (SACs) supported by molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Our work reveals that the activity of NRR SACs is highly dependent on the number of unpaired d electrons of TM: positive samples with high activity favoring higher values while negative cases distributing at lower values, both varying with the doping conditions of the host. We find that the substitution of sulfur with boron can activate the intrinsic NRR activity of some TMs such as Ti and V which are otherwise inactive above pristine MoS2. Importantly, among the various de-scriptors used in ML, the charged state of adsorbed TM plays a key role in donating electron to pi-anti-bonding orbital of N2 via the back-donation mechanism. Our work shows a feasible strategy for rational design of NRR SACs and retrieval of the decisive feature of active catalysts.

In order to further develop efficient ultraviolet light-driven photocatalysts for environmental application, α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and carbon nitride (C3N4) were synthesized, respectively. Then, C3N4–ZrP compositing nanomaterials were prepared by compositing α-ZrP nanocrystals and C3N4 with different mass ratios. C3N4–ZrP compositing nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results illustrated that α-ZrP and C3N4 were successfully composited, and the polarization of the compositing nanomaterials was reduced compared with raw materials. The photocatalytic performances of C3N4–ZrP compositing nanomaterials with different mass ratios were studied by photodegradation of RhB under ultraviolet irradiation. All of the degradation rates of the C3N4–ZrP compositing nanomaterials system were achieved more than 90% after 18 min. When the mass ratio of C3N4–ZrP compositing nanomaterials is 2:1, the degradation efficiency achieved 99.95%, which is more efficient than other tested mass ratios. The result indicated the possibility of utilizing C3N4–ZrP compositing nanomaterials for environmental pollutants degradation.

Layered chalcogenide materials are a wealth of nanoelectronics applications, like resistive switching and energy-harvesting (such as photocatalysis), owing to its electronics, orbitals, and lattice excitations. In this work, we explore monochalcogenide germanium selenide GeSe with respect to substitutional doping with 13 metallic cations by first-principles calculations. Typical dopants, including s-shell (alkali elements Li and Na), p-shell (Al, Pb and Bi), 3d (Fe, Cu, Co and Ni), 4d (Pd and Ag) and 5d (Au and Pt) elements, are systematically examined. Amongst all cationic dopants, Al with highest oxidation states, implying a high mobility driven by the electric field, and Al-doped GeSe may be promising candidates for novel resistive switching devices. We show that many localized induced states exist in the band gap of GeSe on doping with Fe, Co, or Ni. In contrast, for the Cu, Ag, and Au, there is no such state in the gap. Ag and Cu have +0.27 and +0.35 charges respectively, and the positive charges are beneficial for the field-driven motion in GeSe. In contrast, Au is slightly negatively charged, which renders the Au-doped GeSe as a promising photocatalyst and enhanced surface plasmon. Moreover, we explore the coexistence of the dopant and strain in GeSe, and find dynamical adjustments of localized states in GeSe with levels successively shifting upward/downward with strain. This induces dynamic oxidative states of the dopants under strain, which should be quite popular in composites where the motion of metal adatoms causes significant deformation.

A nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) which converts nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) normally requires harsh conditions to break the bound nitrogen bond. Herein, via first-principles calculation it is revealed that a superior NRR catalytic activity could be obtained by anchoring an atomic catalyst above the phosphorene-like puckered surface of germanium selenide (GeSe). By examining the single- and double-atoms (B, Fe, Mo Ru and W) decorated on GeSe, it is found that its rippled structure allows an intimate contact between the deposited species and the GeSe which significantly promotes the states hybridization. Out of all the various atomic catalysts, it is found that the Ru dimer decorated GeSe monolayer (Ru2@GeSe) has superior catalytic activity for the N2 fixation and reduction. By examining the three NRR pathways (distal, alternating and enzymatic), it was found that the distal and enzymatic pathways are both thermodynamically favorable with the maximum Gibbs free energy change (ΔGMAX) of 0.25 and 0.26 eV, respectively. Such a superior activity could be attributed to the Ru dimer filtering the states of GeSe which leads to the effective activation of the adsorbed N2 bond. As an efficient near-infrared absorber of GeSe, the Ru mediated hybridization of the GeSe–Ru–N2 complex enables an in-gap state which further broadens the absorption window, rendering for a broadband solar absorption and possible photocatalysis.

The long dissolution time and large dispensed volumes of oil repellent polymers in offshore oil fields lead to a great increase in the volume and number of dissolution and maturation tanks in the polymer formulation system. However, there is limited space and load-bearing capacity at the offshore platform and only a small space is available for the dispensing system. To further optimize the polymer dispensing system and reduce its floor space, the super-gravity technology may be considered as a way to speed up the dissolution of the polymer. The mechanism of super-gravity rapid dissolution was investigated by establishing mathematical models and with indoor experiments. The effects of filler pore size and super-gravity factor on polymer dissolution time and solution viscosity were investigated using the super-gravity rapid dissolution device, then combined with established graded forced stretching devices for field magnification experiments. The results indicated that the super-gravity method can substantially shorten the polymer dissolution time. The basic dissolution time of the polymer AP-P4 was shortened by 35 min compared with the conventional formulation method after use of the super-gravity rapid dissolution device. The optimal process conditions for the preparation of polymer solution by the super-gravity rapid dissolution device were selected as the optimal super-gravity factor range of 1031~1298.

We have put forward the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach to investigate ionization dynamics of HCl molecules subjected to strong few-cycle laser pulses, which is based on the finite-element discrete-variable representation in prolate spheroidal coordinates and the Crank-Nicolson method. It is demonstrated that the electron is favored to be freed by the peak electric field pointing towards the H atom for the HCl molecule possessing the bonding length $R=2.5$ a.u., while the ionization prefers to occur for the maximum electric field pointing from the H nucleus to Cl nucleus with increasing internuclear separations. Analysis indicates that the ionization yield of $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ electrons becomes significant with respect to that of $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons with stretching bonding lengths, and the relative contributions of the ionization from $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons change as a function of internuclear separations, which gives rise to the above distinct oriented ionization of HCl molecules.

The NovaSAR-1 S-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission is an international partnership designed to offer a new source of satellite SAR imagery. Australia has secured a 10% capacity share in this mission, providing the nation with a first-ever sovereign civilian EO satellite capability. One objective of Australia's involvement in this mission is the use of the data for natural hazard applications - predominantly the mapping and assessment of bushfires and floods. Full operations of NovaSAR-1 commenced in December 2019, and over the first 12 months of operations, several natural hazard events have been investigated with this new satellite capability. Here we present initial observations from three bushfires in Eastern Australia: Jervis Bay, Tumbarumba and Fraser Island. In doing so we compare S-band NovaSAR-1 and C-band Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery as a source of validation information in the absence of ground-truth data. NovaSAR-1 is the only spaceborne S-band SAR in operation, and data acquired under Australia's share of the mission will be made free and open-access to the international community, as described here, to stimulate further use of these data for hazard and other applications.

In this paper, a novel approach for life-cycle reliability-based design and reliability updating of reinforced concrete (RC) shield tunnels in coastal regions has been developed. For new shield tun...

Compared to the area of shallow heavy oil reservoir with severe heterogeneity and fault development with the poor effects of thermal recovery during viscosity reduction construction, chemic...

In contrast to reinforced concrete (RC) structures on land, RC shield tunnels in coastal regions deteriorate rapidly after their construction because of the combined effects of multiple mechanical ...

Weiting Ge,1 Wen Cai,1,2 Rui Bai,1 Wangxiong Hu,1 Dehao Wu,1,2 Shu Zheng,1 Hanguang Hu1,2 1Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; 2Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Background: Hypermutated colorectal cancer (CRC) reportedly accounts for 15%–17% of all cases of CRC. However, the proportion and number of patients with hypermutated CRC cannot be unappreciated. Additionally, therapy options for these patients differ from those for CRC patients, with a greater potential benefit from immunotherapy. Materials and methods: We sequenced the tumor mucosa of CRC patients with >24 months of follow-up data at our center and identified mutation profiles of hypermutated CRC as a training data set (Zhejiang University [ZJU]); we then collected patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as a validation data set. Recurrently mutated genes were combined to calculate a compound score via Cox proportional hazards model. Patients with higher-than-median scores were segregated as the high-risk group. Outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses using Python (3.6.0) and R (3.4.0). Results: We constructed a 4-gene signature (ACVR2A, APC, DOCK2, and POLE), with training in 45 hypermutated patients at ZJU and validation in 24 hypermutated patients from TCGA. Patients in the high-risk group showed poor survival (adjusted HR =9.85, 95% CI: 2.07–46.81, P=0.004). Further subgroup analysis was performed for stage II and III colon cancer (HR =10.91, 95% CI: 1.36–87.5, P=0.005) and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) CRC (HR =12.57, 95% CI: 1.57–100.69, P=0.002) subgroups, which verified that our signature is universal. We then compared our prognostic signature with other risk factors (including MSI status, POLE driver mutation, BRAF-p.V600E, tumor mutational burden, and TNM staging). The results proved that our 4-gene signature is better than the other risk factor for prognosis in hypermutated CRC.Conclusion: Our 4-gene signature is a good predictor of survival for hypermutated CRC, and this signature is powerful in stage II and III colon cancer and MSI-H CRC. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the power of the 4-gene signature in patients receiving immunotherapy. Keywords: colorectal cancer, hypermutation, gene signature, prognosis

Haining City and Jiashan County in Zhejiang Province are the first areas to carry out colorectal cancer screening in China, which started in the early 1970s and has been going on for more than 40 years. Meanwhile, Haining and Jiashan have also become the first batch of National Demonstration Bases for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. In the past 40 years, owing to Professor Zheng Shu who is brave and innovative, with an indomitable spirit, as well as the unremitting efforts and active exploration of all the team members, colorectal cancer screening which was unknown by the public and implemented with difficulties, has gradually been widely accepted and benefited the population. Today, remarkable achievements have been fulfilled in the colorectal cancer screening of Haining and Jiashan which has become the pioneer power in promoting the progress of colorectal cancer prevention and control in China and has certain influence both on China and the world. Meanwhile, a set of colorectal cancer screening strategies suitable for China has been explored and further promoted to be used nationwide, which is of great significance to the prevention and control of colorectal cancer in China. Looking forward to the future, the prevention and control of colorectal cancer in China is still difficult. We will continue to give full play to our existing advantages, not forget our original intention, move forward, explore innovation, and create greater glories!浙江海宁市和嘉善县是我国最早开展结直肠癌筛查的地区，始于20世纪70年代初，至今已持续40余年。由此，海宁和嘉善也成为我国最早一批的"全国结直肠癌早诊早治示范基地"。40年间，得益于郑树教授敢为人先、开拓创新的奋斗精神以及全体团队成员的不懈努力和积极探索，结直肠癌筛查工作从不被理解、困难重重，到广泛接受、造福大众。如今，海宁和嘉善的结直肠癌筛查工作取得了明显成效，成为推动我国结直肠癌防控事业进步的先锋力量，在国内外均具有一定影响力。同时，郑树教授及其团队探索出一套适合我国国情的结直肠癌筛查技术方案，并推广至全国范围使用，对我国的结直肠癌防控工作具有重要意义。展望未来，我国的结直肠癌防控之路依旧艰辛，我们将继续发挥现有的优势，不忘初心，砥砺前行，开拓创新，再创辉煌！.

Additional file 1.

XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H⁻ linac, a 60-230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. The Installation of the synchrotron, beamline and one experimental station were completed at the end of December 2019, and commissioning has just begun. Circulating beam around the synchrotron was observed on the first day of operation, and now 10-200 MeV proton beam directly extracted from the synchrotron had been transported to the experimental station for user experiments. The results of the commissioning and data analysis are presented in this paper., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

The beam commissioning of the capture and acceleration process on the XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) synchrotron has been carried out. The efficiency of the experiment results has been compared with the simulation results. At present, the efficiency of the capture process with single-harmonic is about 73%, and the acceleration efficiency is about 82%, and the simulation results are 77% and 96% without space charge effect, respectively. In order to improve efficiency, dual-harmonic was used during the capture and acceleration process. During the experiment, the capture efficiency was increased by 5%, and the acceleration efficiency was increased by 4%. The capture efficiency decreases with the increase of the maximum RF voltages. We analyzed the reasons for the decrease in capture efficiency. In the next step, further verification will be carried out through experiments under different conditions., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

The synchrotron of XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV proton application Facility) is a compact proton synchrotron, which using H⁻ stripping injection and phase space painting scheme. Now XiPAF is under commissioning with some achievements, the current intensity after injection reach 43mA, the corresponding particle number is 2.3·10¹¹, and the injection efficiency is 57%. The simulation results by PyOrbit show that the injection efficiency is 77%. In this paper, we report how the injection intensity and efficiency were optimized. We analyzed the difference between simulation and experiments, and quantitatively investigate the factors affecting injection efficiency through experiments., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

In the past decades, space missions to small bodies (Galileo, OSIRIS‐REx, Hayabusa, Hayabusa2, Chang'e 2, Rosetta, etc.) have enriched us greatly with voluminous new knowledge on our solar system. In situ observations by these missions have revealed the extreme complexity and remarkable diversity of the spatial environment around their target asteroids. A study on the motion of objects in such complex environments is of great importance for understanding the evolution history of surface/subsurface materials on the asteroids. Establishing a reasonable dynamic model is obviously a crucial step. This paper proposes a method for tracking the motion of an object near the surface of an arbitrary asteroid. This method combines the irregular shape, an unlimited rotational state and asymmetric gravitational field, which are three key factors that dominate the complex movement of an object on and off the asteroid's surface. The gravitational attraction and potential are computed using the polyhedral method with corrections for the possible singularities. The asteroid's surface is then approximated using a continuous and differentiable surface, and the parametric representation forms of the body are derived based on polynomial series. An event‐driven scheme is designed, so that the orbital motion and surface motion are processed separately by checking the triggering events. The algorithm was implemented using C++. Benchmarking tests are organized on a local cluster, showing a satisfactory performance in both accuracy and efficiency. This method was further applied to improve the control accuracy of the landing spot of an asteroid surface lander.

We present, in this paper, the beam dynamics design of a linac injector with laser-accelerated carbon-ions for a medical synchrotron. In the design, the initial transverse divergence is reduced by two apertures. The beam is focused transversely through a quadrupole triplet lens downstream the apertures. The output energy spread of the extracted beam at the exit of the injector is compressed from ±6% to ±0.6% by a debuncher and a bend magnet system to meet the injection requirement for the synchrotron. By changing the width of imaging slit of the bend magnet system, the beam with energy of 4±0.024 MeV/u is extracted, and the particle number per shot and transverse emittances of the beam at the exit of the injector can be regulated through adjusting the slit height. The dynamics design can pave the way for the future concept research of the synchrotron injector., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Xi’an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H⁻ linac, a 60~230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. Slow extraction commissioning for 60 MeV proton beam in XiPAF synchrotron has been finished. After commissioning, the maximal experiment extraction efficiency with the RF-knockout (RF-KO) method can up to 85%. The reason for beam loss has been analyzed and presented in this paper. Besides, an experiment of multiple energy extraction has been conducted in XiPAF synchrotron. The proton beams of 3 different energies were successfully extracted in 1.54 s., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Understanding the evolution of molecular electronic structures is the key to explore and control photochemical reactions and photobiological processes. Subjected to strong laser fields, electronic holes are formed upon ionization and evolve in the attosecond timescale. It is crucial to probe the electronic dynamics in real time with attosecond-temporal and atomic-spatial precision. Here, we present molecular attosecond interferometry that enables the in situ manipulation of holes in carbon dioxide molecules via the interferometry of the phase-locked electrons (propagating in opposite directions) of a laser-triggered rotational wave packet. The joint measurement on high-harmonic and terahertz spectroscopy (HATS) provides a unique tool for understanding electron dynamics from picoseconds to attoseconds. The optimum phases of two-color pulses for controlling the electron wave packet are precisely determined owing to the robust reference provided with the terahertz pulse generation. It is noteworthy that the contribution of HOMO-1 and HOMO-2 increases reflecting the deformation of the hole as the harmonic order increases. Our method can be applied to study hole dynamics of complex molecules and electron correlations during the strong-field process. The threefold control through molecular alignment, laser polarization, and the two-color pulse phase delay allows the precise manipulation of the transient hole paving the way for new advances in attochemistry.

Solenoid magnets can provide strong transverse focusing to electrons and ions with relatively small energies. For the ECR heavy-ion source, the ions are extracted at the central area of the solenoid, the beam is coupled at the exit of the source. The coupling caused by the solenoids can lead to the growth of projected transverse emittance, which has been widely studied with great interest. It is important to study the transfer matrix of a half solenoid to study the beam optics in an ECR souce, thus the property of the beam can be given. Based on the transfer matrix calculation, the summary of the linear transfer matrix of a half solenoid can be given. The beam optics in a half solenoid is studied., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359211023290 for Development and external validation of a novel nomogram for screening Chinese Lynch syndrome: based on a multicenter, population study by Mengyuan Yang, Dan Li, Wu Jiang, Lizhen Zhu, Haixing Ju, Yan Sun, Yuqiang Shan, Chunkang Yang, Jian Dong, Lin Wang, Baoping Wu, Meng Qiu, Xianli Yin, Xicheng Wang, Bin Xiong, Wei Yan, Tao Liu, Chenglin Liu, Xinru Mao, Kefeng Ding, Suzhan Zhang, Shu Zheng, Dong Xu, Peirong Ding and Ying Yuan in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

The coupling of the beam is widely studied in the accelerator physics field. Projected transverse emittances easily grow up if the beam is transversely-coupled. If we decouple the transverse coupled beam, the transverse emittance can be small. The matrix approach based on the symplectic transformation theory for decoupling the coupled beam is summarized. For a proton accelerator, the transverse coupled beam is introduced by an RFQ tilted by 45°. The beam is decoupled with the first five tilted quadrupoles mounted in the DTL section. A study on the gradient choice of the quadrupoles and the space charge effect is given in this paper., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil