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Objective: The present study aimed to improve the diagnosis and treatment outcome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea caused by patent meningoencephalocele of Sternberg’s canal of the sphenoid sinus by analyzing the clinical data and imaging features of two rare cases of this disease and by reviewing the relevant literature for possible etiology, diagnoses, and treatments. Methods: Together with the relevant literature, we retrospectively studied the clinical and imaging data of two patients (mother and child) with CSF rhinorrhea caused by patent meningoencephalocele of Sternberg’s canal of the sphenoid sinus, analyzed their diagnostic and treatment procedures, and proposed a potential, feasible treatment method. Results: On the 2nd day after surgery, the expansive sponge and iodoform gauze in the nasal cavity were removed in both patients, and the lumbar subarachnoid drainage was removed 3 days after the operation, as no nasal discharge was observed. One week after the operation, head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the abnormal tissue in the sphenoid sinus had disappeared, and no accumulation of the CSF was observed. Both patients were discharged after 2 weeks. At the time of discharge, both patients were without nasal drip, fever, headache, and other discomforts, and they had grade 5 muscle strength in their extremities, with normal muscle tension. Conclusion: CSF rhinorrhea is usually caused by secondary factors. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea caused by encephalocele of the skull base due to congenital dysplasia of the skull base is very rare and easily misdiagnosed. The presence of brain tissue or CSF signal in the sphenoid sinus on preoperative MR images is an important imaging feature of the disease. Conditional cisternography can be used to further detect CSF leaks. Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal repair of CSF leaks combined with short-term postoperative lumbar subarachnoid drainage is an effective treatment method. According to previous literature, the possible causes of meningoencephalocele with patent Sternberg’s canal of the sphenoid sinus include abnormal development of the sphenoid sinus or the craniopharyngeal canal and bone defects of the skull base. There are no related reports on patent meningoencephalocele caused by Sternberg’s canal in direct blood relatives, such as mother-son; therefore, the possibility of this disease having a genetic origin should be considered in future studies on its pathophysiological mechanisms.

Building upon the concept of edge computing (EC), a distributed EC market requires decentralized and verified transaction management to trade computing resources. Towards this goal, we study a blockchain-aided EC market wherein each data service operator (DSO) rents a group of edge computing nodes (ECNs) and leases the ECNs to the user terminals (UTs) to provide computation offloading services. First, we propose a smart contract based matching mechanism to establish the renting association between the DSOs and ECNs with the aim of maximizing the social welfare. Second, we propose a social welfare improved double auction (SWIDA) mechanism to build up the leasing association between the DSOs and UTs, and show that the proposed mechanism can achieve individual rationality, balanced budget, truthfulness in expectation, and an improved social welfare than the benchmark mechanisms. Moreover, we put forth a trustworthiness-driven Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to enable verified transaction and fair reward allocation. We formulate the block generation as a coalitional game, wherein each stakeholder votes according to its trustworthiness and coinage, and shares the reward among the coalition according to the Shapley values. The simulation results show that the proposed PoS consensus mechanism can reduce the wealth inequality among the network entities.

In view of the various negative impacts brought by hosting, fewer and fewer countries have shown their willingness to host in recent years The influence model of the index is established, and the influence of each index is calculated by the method of hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model (FCE), thus the feasibility evaluation model is constructed.Two strategies are put forward: the first strategy is to organize a fixed place and find that China is the most suitable country to implement the first strategy by using entropy weight method; The second strategy is to divide the seasons into different ones, and calculate that Greece is the host country of summer by TOPSIS method, and Japan is the most suitable country to host the Winter Olympics.

Within the context of the current global economic crisis, employees generally have a high level of fear that may lead them to use unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) to increase their sense of control. We used self-control theory to explore the mechanisms and boundary conditions of employees' fear of external threats and how this affects their levels of UPB. We conducted a twowave survey of 544 finance personnel in China. The results indicated that fear of external threats was positively correlated with UPB and that sense of control mediated this relationship. Perceived ethical climate reinforced the negative relationship between sense of control and UPB, which, in turn, weakened the positive effect of participants' sense of control, whereas fear of external threats increased the incidence of UPB. Implications are discussed.

As a low-power and low-cost wireless protocol, the promising ZigBee has been widely used in sensor networks and cyber-physical systems. Since ZigBee based networks usually adopt tree or cluster topology, the convergecast scenarios are common in which multiple transmitters send packets to one receiver, leading to the severe collision problem. The conventional ZigBee adopts carrier sense multiple access with collisions avoidance to avoid collisions, which introduces additional time/energy overhead. The state-of-the-art methods resolve collisions instead of avoidance, in which mZig decomposes a collision by the collision itself and reZig decodes a collision by comparing with reference waveforms. However, mZig falls into high decoding errors only exploiting the signal amplitudes while reZig incurs high computational complexity for waveform comparison. In this paper, we propose CmZig to embrace channel estimation in multiple-packet reception (MPR) of ZigBee, which effectively improves MPR via lightweight computing used for channel estimation and collision decomposition. First, CmZig enables accurate collision decomposition with low computation complexity, which uses the estimated channel parameters modeling both signal amplitude and phase. Second, CmZig adopts reference waveform comparison only for collisions without chip-level time offsets, instead of the complex machine learning based method. We implement CmZig on USRP-N210 and establish a six-node testbed.

Studying the apportionment and sharing of agricultural water prices is necessary for clarifying the relationship between agricultural water price apportionment and government responsibility and ensuring the benign operation of irrigated areas. From the perspective of the versatility of irrigation water, irrigation benefits are classified as internal or external; the degree of benefit is measured using the proportion of irrigation water per cubic metre of internal and external benefits. This is used as an allocation coefficient to reasonably share prices based on farmers’ water price tolerance, build agricultural water price apportionment and sharing models, and calculate the range of water prices borne by farmers and the government in the Baojixia Irrigation District in the Shaanxi Province of China. Results showed that the apportionment coefficients of farmers and government were 0.85 and 0.15, respectively. For grain crops, the farmers' price range was 0.115–0.508 yuan/m3, while that of the government was 0.516–0.909 yuan/m3; for cash crops, these values were 0.566–3.009 and 0.154–0.458 yuan/m3, respectively. The results of this study support the formulation of agricultural water prices and provide a theoretical reference for reducing the water burden of farmers and promoting the high-quality development of the regional economy

To assess the medium-term functional and radiological outcomes, as well as injury mechanisms, fracture patterns and demographics of typical pilon fractures and pilon variant fractures treated based on the four-column theory in adults.A retrospective comparative study was performed. Demographics of typical pilon and pilon variant fractures, injury mechanisms, OTA/AO classification, Rüedi-Allgöwer and the four-column classification were analyzed for the cohort. Radiographic ankle arthrosis (modified Kellgren-Lawrence 3/4), Burwell Charnley Score, and AOFAS score were also analyzed.There were 142 pilon fractures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study, of which 77(54.23%) were females and 65 (45.77%) were males, with an average of 48 (range, 18-86)years. One hundred twenty-five posterior columns fractured in 142 pilon fractures, and the posterior columns were most prone to fractures. Ninety cases of posterior pilon fractures in 142 pilon fractures were single posterior column fractures with or without medial or lateral malleolar fractures. The average age (51, range, 18-86 years) of low-energy pilon fractures was older than the average age (42, range, 19-66 years) of high-energy pilon fractures significantly. The average time (5, range, 0-17 days) from injury to definitive internal fixation of the low-energy group was shorter than the average time (9, range, 0-21 days) from injury to definitive internal fixation of the high-energy group significantly. The average of AOFAS (87, range, 56-100) of the low-energy group is higher than the average of AOFAS (82, range, 47-100) of the high-energy group significantly. There were more male patients and more die-punch or intercalary fractures in high energy groups significantly. There were more medial and lateral malleolar fractures in low-energy groups. Compared with the non-multiple column group, the multiple-column group had more Rüedi-Allgöwer type III cases, more modified Kellgren-Lawrence 3/4 cases and lower AOFAS score significantly. However, the numbers of Burwell Charnley Score type 1 and 2 cases were not significantly different between the two groups.Kinds of pilon variants should be recognized. Outcomes of high-energy pilon fractures were worse than low-energy pilon fractures. The four-column theory can be applied to typical pilon fracture and pilon variants in adults.

Plantations play a central and lever role in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth, maintaining the overall function of the terrestrial ecosystem, and promoting the coordinated development of economic society and ecological construction. In order to strengthen the ecological management of plantation forests and improve the ecological level of forest region, the C/S framework is taken as the basic structure, and the programming mode of business model-user interface controller is used, on J2EE platform. The ecological management system of a planted forest is constructed by the evaluation module, the principal component comprehensive analysis module of ecological function value and the demand prediction module of planted forest based on extreme learning machine and deep learning algorithm, and runs under the support of windows system, oracle 15G and above database software. The indexes and factors affecting the ecological function of plantation forests were evaluated and analyzed, and the final management decision was given by the prediction module. The results showed that the plant density significantly affected plant biomass, organic carbon storage, water content and nutrient accumulation, and the comprehensive evaluation indexes of four ecological functions increased from 32.69, 31.84, 33.71 and 35.46 to 86.18, 89.46, 89.83 and 88.76, respectively. Although the degree of influence of the system on lemon strip plants, herbaceous plants, surface litter and soil varies, it still has good feasibility, effectiveness and practicality, and can assist the scientific ecological management of artificial plantation forests.