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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

A comprehensive understanding of genetic background for rare species will provide an important theoretical basis for the future species management, monitoring and conservation. Tetraena mongolica is restrictedly distributed in the western Ordos plateau of China and has been listed as a national protected plant. We generated 13 chloroplast (cp) genomes of T. mongolica (size range of 106,062–106,230 bp) and conducted a series of comparative analyses of six Zygophyllaceae cp genomes. T. mongolica cp genome exhibited a quadripartite structure with drastically reduced inverted repeats (IRs, 4,315 bp) and undergone the loss of a suit of ndh genes and a copy of rRNAs. Furthermore, all the T. mongolica populations were divided into two genetic groups based on complete cp phylogenomics. In addition, notably variable genome size, gene order and structural changes had been observed among the six Zygophyllaceae cp genomes. Overall, our findings provide insights into the cp genome evolution mode and intraspecific relationships of T. mongolica, and provide a molecular basis for scientific conservation of this endangered plant.

Background: The trachea is an important part of the respiratory system. Long-term airway diseases and the effects of human physiological conditions can cause trachea stenosis. This will seriously affect patients’ physical health. Tracheal stents can provide durable support by means of dilating the narrowed area; they can effectively relieve the patient's breathing difficulties, which is of value that is more practical. Objective: To meet the vital requirements for better adaptation to the human airway environment and prevent complications associated with stent placement, the construction and materials of tracheal stents have been improved constantly. Methods: This paper investigates various representative patents related to the tracheal stent. The structure type, placement method and applications situation of these tracheal stents are discussed. Results: The characteristics of different types of tracheal stents are analyzed. This paper analyzes the main problems in its development. The solutions to the issues and the current and future research on tracheal stents are discussed. Conclusion: The tracheal stents are classified into metal stent, silicone stent, biodegradable stent and hybrid material stent. Further improvements are needed in the aspects of structural design, safety, applicability, biocompatibility, algorithm of drive model of tracheal stent. More related patents about tracheal stents need to be developed.

Background: With a growing demand for blueberries, the planting area of blueberries is also increasing. However, the main method of picking blueberries is the traditional manual picking, so the operation of picking is the most time-consuming and laborious in the chain of production. Objective: By analyzing and discussing the patents of equipment of blueberry picking, some valuable conclusions have been drawn to predict the future research and development of equipment of blueberry picking. Methods: This paper sketches out various current representative patents relevant to equipment of blueberry picking. Results: Through summarizing a large number of patents about equipment of blueberry picking, the characters of those patents are analyzed and compared, and further development tendency of equipment of blueberry picking is discussed. Conclusion: The research on the multifunction, intelligence, versatility of blueberry picking machine is helpful in solving the problems of low efficiency, low quality and poor versatility.

Background: Bearing testing machine is the key equipment for bearing design, theoretical research and improvement, and it plays an important role in the performance of bearing life, fatigue, vibration and working temperature. With the requirements of aerospace, military equipment, automobile manufacturing and other industrial fields of the bearing are becoming higher and higher. There is an urgent need for high-precision and high-efficiency bearing testing machines to monitor and analyze the performance of bearings. Objective: By analyzing the recent patents, the characteristics and existing problems of the current bearing testing machine are summarized to provide references for the development of bearing test equipment in the future. Methods: This paper reviews various representative patents related to the third generation bearing testing machines. Results: Although the structure of bearing testing machines is different, the main problems in the structure and design principle of bearing testing machine have been summarized and analyzed, and the development of trend and direction of the future bearing testing machine have been discussed. Conclusion: Bearing testing machines for health monitoring of bearing life cycle is of great significance. The current bearing testing machine has basically achieved the monitoring and analysis However, due to the emergence of new types of bearings, further improvement is still needed. With the development of testing technology towards intelligent and big data-driven direction, bearing testing machine is moving towards the type of cloud computing and large-scale testing.

Background: One of the critical factors affecting the life of bearings is the bearing temperature during operation, so the temperature is an important parameter to detect the running state of the bearing. The abnormal increase in bearing temperature can reflect problems such as bearing damage, lack of lubricating oil, and installation errors. With the continuous improvement of rotating machinery equipment operating speed, load level and equipment processing accuracy requirements, there is an urgent need to detect and analyze the temperature rise of bearings. Objective: By analyzing recent representative patents for bearing temperature detection, we summarize the characteristics and problems of current bearing temperature detection devices and provide a reference for the future development of bearing temperature detection devices Methods: This article traces the recent representative patents related to bearing temperature detection method and device structure. Results: Through the investigation of a large number of patents of bearing temperature detection devices, the main existing problems in the system and structure of bearing temperature detection are concluded and analyzed, and the development of bearing temperature detection is discussed in the future. Conclusion: The bearing temperature measuring device is significant for analyzing bearing heating and detecting the running state of the bearing. The current research results need further development and improvement. With the development of automated detection technology, bearing temperature measurement is also evolving towards intelligence and dynamics. It is foreseeable that more related patents on bearing temperature detection will be invented.

DNA methylation plays an important role in reproduction. Tibetan pigs maintain high sperm motility, even under extreme conditions at high altitudes. However, the DNA methylation mechanisms underlying testicular plateau adaptations in Tibetan pigs remain unclear. We determined the genomic DNA methylation level in the testicular tissues of Tibetan pigs living at high altitudes (TP) and of Yorkshire pigs that migrated to high altitudes (YP) using the fluorescence method. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blots were used to measure the gene and protein expression levels, respectively, of three DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). We found that the genomic DNA methylation level and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the four genes were all significantly lower in the testicular tissues of TP than YP. In short, compared with YP, the downregulation of DNA methyltransferases in the TP testes led to lower levels of genomic DNA methylation, which would facilitate higher sperm motility. Meanwhile, HIF2α expression in the TP testes was down-regulated, which might contributes to TP testes’ adaption to the plateau environment. This study provided new insights into the DNA methylation mechanisms underlying plateau adaptations in TP testicles.

Liver cirrhosis is the 14th leading cause of death in adults worldwide. The liver is an important organ for the metabolism of sugar, protein, and fat. Liver cirrhosis with hypoproteinemia (LCH) can lead to metabolic disorders of the nutrients such as sugar, protein, and fat, as well as insufficient protein intake, digestion and absorption disorders, and continuous leakage of plasma protein into the abdominal cavity. Severe hypoproteinemia leads to a poor prognosis in patients. For every 10 g/L decrease in peripheral blood albumin, the risk of secondary liver disease complications will increase by 89% and the mortality rate increased by 24%–56%. Therefore, it is necessary to take urgent measures to treat liver cirrhosis with hypoalbuminemia and effectively treat and reverse the deterioration of the disease caused by hypoalbuminemia, so as to reduce the burden of secondary liver disease. Emerging evidence suggests that protein balance disorders, auxin resistance, and hyperleptinemia are key steps in the development of cirrhosis and hypoproteinemia. This study comprehensively analyzed the common complications, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment status of cirrhosis caused by hypoproteinemia and proposed research prospects for dealing with this increasingly serious problem.

Background: Bearing has been widely used in automotive, aerospace, electronics industry and other fields. Its pre-tightening technology is one of the most critical technologies. It has an important influence on the accuracy, speed, stiffness and temperature rise of the spindle. Proper pre-tightening force can eliminate bearing clearance and improve machining accuracy and efficiency of machine tools. Therefore, the development trend of bearing pre-tightening mechanism has been paid more and more attention. Objective: In order to improve the processing efficiency and processing accuracy of the bearing system, the structure and function of the bearing pre-tensioning device are continuously enhanced. Methods: This paper retraces various current representative patents relative to the mechanism of bearing pre-tightening. Results: Through the investigation of a number of patents of bearing pre-tightening devices, the principles and effects of different bearing pre-tightening devices are classified and reviewed. Besides, the future development trend of bearing pre-tightening devices is discussed. Conclusion: The optimization of the bearing pre-tightening device is conducive to improving processing efficiency and quality. A controllable pre-tightening force is the research direction, and more related patents will be invented in the future.

Monitoring packet losses at links is beneficial to network management and service quality improvement. Software-defined networking can conveniently obtain flow statistics. However, the packet loss rate of a link or path cannot be directly measured by acquiring the statistics of an ongoing flow. In addition, monitoring the packet loss directly based on statistics inquiries brings considerable extra overhead to the controller. In this paper, we propose a two-way link-level packet loss monitoring solution for the software-defined networks. We propose a packet loss probe structure consisting of distributed rings. The proposed probe structure contains every monitored directed link once and only once, thereby avoiding the mutual interference between different probe flows and thereby improves probe accuracy. We further study two optimization problems of the ring-based packet loss probe structure. The two problems build probe structures, with minimal maximum ring delay, for all the network links and selected network links. The two optimization problems are very complex, and we approximately solve them in polynomial time. A packet loss positioning algorithm, based on flow statistic inquiries and the symmetry design of probe rings, is also proposed. Our proposed solution can effectively monitor link-level packet loss but brings low and controllable overhead to the controller.

The main task of future networks is to build, as much as possible, intelligent networking architectures for intellectualization, activation, and customization. Software-defined networking (SDN) technology breaks the tight coupling between the control plane and the data plane in the traditional network architecture, making the controllability, security, and economy of network resources into a reality. As one of the important actualization methods of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), combined with SDN architecture will have great potential in areas, such as network resource management, route planning, traffic scheduling, fault diagnosis, and network security. This paper presents the network applications combined with SDN concepts based on ML from two perspectives, namely the perspective of ML algorithms and SDN network applications. From the perspective of ML algorithms, this paper focuses on the applications of classical ML algorithms in SDN-based networks, after a characteristic analysis of algorithms. From the other perspective, after classifying the existing network applications based on the SDN architecture, the related ML solutions are introduced. Finally, the future development of the ML algorithms and SDN concepts is discussed and analyzed. This paper occupies the intersection of the AI, big data, computer networking, and other disciplines; the AI itself is a new and complex interdisciplinary field, which causes the researchers in this field to often have different professional backgrounds and, sometimes, divergent research purposes. This paper is necessary and helpful for researchers from different fields to accurately master the key issues.

Aiming at the information security in industrial communication network and industrial network integration requirements, this paper develops in-depth study on the current industrial ethernet, OPC UA, Modbus TCP and Profinet, against the vulnerability in the industrial control network, adopts the security strategy under the combination of security function in the mainstream industrial ethernet and protocol deep analysis, and designs an ethernet security monitor in multi-protocol industry. This monitor is able to identify different network protocols automatically in single or multiple network protocols, maintain surveillance over network status in real-time according to the security configuration strategy, supervise illegal access from unauthorized devices, abnormal message, network abnormalities, etc., track the equipment critical process data, and realize local and remote alarm function. After testing, this monitor does not affect the original industrial control network and can effectively protect the security of industrial control network.

Background. Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a classic prescription, has the potential to prevent ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the active components and mechanisms of ZJP are still arcane. This study aimed to use a network pharmacology approach to find the bioactive compounds and potential action mechanisms of ZJP in the treatment of UC. Methods. Firstly, the components and putative targets of ZJP were collected based on herbal medicine target databases, and a network containing the interaction between the targets of ZJP and the potential therapeutic targets of UC was established. Then, topological parameters were calculated to identify the key targets in the network and, in turn, to import them into the David database to perform path enrichment analysis. Results. 14 potential therapeutic components of ZJP and 26 key targets were obtained. These targets were related to signal transduction, MAPK cascade, inflammatory response, immune response, and the apoptotic process of UC. Moreover, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Prolactin signaling pathway were predicted to participate in ZJP treating UC. Among them, 14 active components of ZJP directly regulate these pathways. Conclusion. ZJP could alleviate UC through the predicted components and mechanisms. The 14 predicted active components of ZJP may mainly play a therapeutic role for UC through synergistic regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective. The systematic review was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the clinical efficacy of Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine in treating CHF were widely searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, Read-show database, VIP database, and WanFang up to December 26, 2020. The methodological quality of each trial was assessed according to the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 5.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3. Results. Twenty-one RCTs (N = 2162) that met the criteria were included in the review for the assessment of methodological quality. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the conventional Western medicine (control group), Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine (experience group) significantly improved clinical efficiency, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), brain natriuretic peptide level (BNP), 6 min-walk distance (6-MWD), and adverse reactions. Conclusion. Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine are better than conventional Western medicine alone to improve the indicators of patients with CHF, which provides a certain basis for the treatment of CHF.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Objective: Ursodeoxycholic acid is the priority drug of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and is usually combined with traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the benefits of integrated Chinese and western interventions for PBC. Methods: Searched the randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP databases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for methodological quality assessment and all data analysis was performed using Revman5.3 and Stata14.2 software. Result: 30 randomized controlled trials involving 10 interventions with a total of 1948 participants were included. Identified the direct and indirect evidence of trials, and used network meta analyses ranked the benefits of different interventions based on pairwise meta analysis. The primary outcom was clinical efficacy rate. Secondary outcome was liver function, including alkaline phosphataseand total bilirubin. Conclusion: The conclusion of this systematic review provide credible evidence - based for the relative advantages of integrated Chinese and western interventions for PBC.

Aims: The present study investigated the function and mechanism of lncRNA Gm43050 in sevoflurane-induced abnormal cognition. Methods: Primary hippocampal neurons were used to establish the model of abnormal cognitive disorder. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed to analyze cell death rates, proliferation, apoptosis and the inflammatory response. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the potential binding targets of lncRNA Gm43050. Rescue experiments were used to assess the downstream targets of Gm43050. Results: We found that lncRNA Gm43050 was in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of lncRNA Gm43050 had no impact on proliferation but significantly reduced the cell death rates and apoptosis. The inflammation markers IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α were manifestly downregulated in the overexpression group. Opposite effects were detected in the lncRNA Gm43050 knockdown group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-640 may be the potential target of Gm43050. Additionally, we found that ZFP91 was the downstream target of miR-640. Conclusion: We provided comprehensive data of the function and mechanism of lncRNA Gm43050 in abnormal cognition. Our study showed that lncRNA Gm43050 exerted its important role via the regulation of miR-640 and ZFP91.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of febuxostat on renal function in CKD stage 3 diabetic nephropathy patients. Methods: Patients in our hospital with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 diabetic nephropathy (DN) complicated by high serum uric acid (360 µmol/L) were recruited. Patients were then divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table method. All the patients received low purine diet, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, and adequate routine hypoglycemic treatment. Febuxostat was employed only in the treatment group. The levels of blood uric acid (sUA), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (cys-c), eGFR, 24-hour urine protein quantification, albuminuria, and creatinine ratio (ACR) were evaluated in all patients before and after treatment at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week. Results: No difference was found before treatment between the two groups. After treatment at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week, the levels of sUA, SCr, cys-c, and eGFR between the two groups were significant different (P

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis and is used frequently. We still do not know which TCM has the best curative effect as an adjuvant drug. Therefore, we decided to use network meta-analysis to solve this problem. Methods. We used the RevMan software (5.3) and Stata software (13.0) to achieve this network meta-analysis (NMA). The primary outcomes of this study were HA, LN, PCIII, and IV-C; the secondary outcomes of this study were AST, ALT, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. For all outcomes, the scissors funnel plot, Egger test, and Begg test were used to detect publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the stability of the results. And the meta-regression was used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Results. A total of 34 articles were included in this study. The study involved a total of 3199 patients, of which 1578 were assigned to the control group and 1621 patients were assigned to the experimental group. The number of men and women is roughly equal, and the average age is about 43 years old. In addition, nine treatment strategies were involved in this study. The combination of TCM and entecavir can significantly improve the patients’ HA, LN, PCIII, IV-C, AST, ALT, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rates. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that FHC combined with entecavir has more advantages than other treatment strategies. Conclusion. For improving the HBV-DNA negative conversion rates, adding TCM to the therapeutic strategies does not seem to show absolute superiority. Finally, FHC combined with entecavir is the best therapeutic strategy.

With the widespread application of intelligent manufacturing and industrial internet technologies, higher requirements for the reliability, stability and robustness of industrial communication networks have been put forward. To achieve these requirements, the detecting and evaluating diagnostic technology for industrial field communication is essential. This paper analyzes the key technologies and difficulties of detecting and evaluating diagnostic technology from the four aspects of access, collection, communication and evaluation & diagnosis and proposes some feasible solutions to provide a new perspective for further in-depth research.

Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with mesoporous cerium oxide (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @ m CeO 2 ) was fabricated as a novel adsorbent to remove phosphate from water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and its phosphate removal performance was investigated through the batch adsorption studies. Characterization results confirmed that mesoporous cerium oxide was successfully assembled on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles, and the synthesized adsorbent possessed a typical core-shell structure with a BET surface area of 195 m 2 /g, accessible mesopores of 2.6 nm, and the saturation magnetization of 21.11 emu/g. The newly developed adsorbent had an excellent performance in adsorbing phosphate, and its maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model was 64.07 mg/g. The adsorption was fast, and the kinetic data could be best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The phosphate removal decreased with the increase of solution pH (2 to 10), while the higher ionic strength slightly promoted the phosphate adsorption. The presence of Cl − and SO 4 2− could enhance the adsorption of phosphate whereas HCO 3 − had interfering effect on the phosphate adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was studied by analyzing Zeta potential and FTIR spectroscopy, and the results indicated that the replacement of the surface hydroxyl groups by phosphate ions with the formation of inner-sphere complex played a key role in the phosphate adsorption. The spent adsorbent could be quickly separated from aqueous solution with the assistance of the external magnetic field, and the adsorbed phosphate could be effectively desorbed using a 1 mol/L NaOH solution.

It has long been recognized that the plasma membranes (PMs) play significant roles in the transport of ions across PMs, but kinetics of cadmium (Cd) transport between root and shoot via internal membrane system is not clear. Our experimental results showed that Cd2+ flux across the root PMs was well fitted by the Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the high-Cd-accumulation (HCA) variety displayed much higher maximum flux rate (Fmax) than the low-Cd-accumulation (LCA) variety. After Cd2+ was internalized, its flux into shoot PMs was linearly correlated with Cd2+ concentration in soluble fraction (FIII) of root cells. The efflux of Cd2+ across shoot PMs into cell wall was linearly correlated with Cd2+ concentration in shoot FIII. Only little amount of Cd2+ in cytosol was transported into organelles. The HCA variety displayed higher Cd2+ concentrations in FIII of root and shoot cells as well as higher Cd2+ flux rate by trans-cellular pathway than the LCA variety. However, efflux rate across shoot PMs to cell wall in the LCA variety was higher than that in the HCA variety. The low influx across PMs of root cells and high efflux across PMs of shoot cells probably are the special detoxification defense mechanisms of the LCA variety.

Background To illuminate the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude tolerance of Tibetan pig spermatozoa, proteomes of spermatozoa from Tibetan pigs raised in high and low altitudes were compared using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics approach. Results A total of 77 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed DEPs that were predominantly associated with the actin cytoskeleton, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism, and were from 12 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three subnetworks were significantly enriched and 10 centric proteins were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Relative expression levels of the proteins (ATP5H, CYCS, MYH9 and FN1) were confirmed using Western blotting. Conclusions Our study is the first to use a tandem mass tag (TMT) approach to analyze Tibetan pig spermatozoa, and provides a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying the reproductive adaptations of Tibetan pigs to high-altitude environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5873-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background To illuminate the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude tolerance of Tibetan pig spermatozoa, proteomes of spermatozoa from Tibetan pigs raised in high and low altitudes were compared using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics approach. Results A total of 77 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed DEPs that were predominantly associated with the actin cytoskeleton, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism, and were from 12 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three subnetworks were significantly enriched and 10 centric proteins were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Relative expression levels of the proteins (ATP5H, CYCS, MYH9 and FN1) were confirmed using Western blotting. Conclusions Our study is the first to use a tandem mass tag (TMT) approach to analyze Tibetan pig spermatozoa, and provides a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying the reproductive adaptations of Tibetan pigs to high-altitude environments.

Background: Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese patent medicines for cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review was designed to provide rigorous therapeutic efficacy and safety evidence on the use of SBP combined with trimetazidine in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) secondary to ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the clinical efficacy of SBP combined with trimetazidine in treating ICM-associated HF were widely searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VMIS, and Wanfang up to January 1, 2018. The methodological quality of each trial was assessed according to the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 5.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Eighteen RCTs (N = 1532) that met the criteria were included in the review for the assessment of methodological quality. Meta-analysis showed that, when compared with conventional therapy, SBP combined with trimetazidine significantly improved the clinical efficacy and indices of cardiac function (including increasing left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] and 6-minute walk distance [6-MWD], decreasing left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [LVEDD] and left ventricular end-systolic diameter [LVESD]) without serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: This work provides evidence of the benefit of SBP combined with trimetazidine for the treatment of HF secondary to ICM. More high quality and well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

the samples collected in the Helan Mountain of Inner Mongolia were studied by Anatomy and molecular biology and found that strain of ascoma was tan, smooth surface, no obvious verrucous protuberance and edges. Gleba of strains was brown, dense, and ivory of vagus veins; Spherical or rod-shaped ascus in honeycomb arrangement contained 1-4 ascospore with package; the surface of ascospore had a protuberant ornamentation and was spherical. Thickness of double wall was about 1.7μm. Diameter of ascospore was 20 microns (including ascospore grain). The molecular evolution analysis shows that the strain was Choiromyces helanshanensis.

The current study evaluates the effects of taxifolin (TA) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. We performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) to determine blood glucose levels. We also measured the following biochemical parameters: uric acid, creatinine, and serum insulin. Kidney pathology was examined by staining sections with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). The expression of Caveolin-1 and NF-κB was analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. TA significantly reduced the concentrations of blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, and serum insulin in STZ-induced diabetic rats.Pathological changes in kidneys of diabetes rats were alleviated by TA. Our data indicate that TA restored the levels of Caveolin-1/NF-κB signaling-related mRNA and proteins in diabetes rats. These combined results suggest that TA might mitigate the effects of STZ-induced diabetes.

Fruit harvesting is one of the most time-consuming and laborious steps in the small berry production chain, many domestic and foreign researchers have carried out deep and extensive researches on the harvesters of the small berries, basically it can achieve automation, high efficiency. Firstly, the mechanism of contact vibration harvesting is analyzed in this paper, and the dynamic equation of the trees vibration system is established. Secondly, the current research status of the existing contact vibration small berry harvester are introduced, and the structure and principle of different harvesting methods, which are rotary vibration type, swing propelled type, self walking type and traction type, are analyzed emphatically. Meanwhile, the problems of small berry harvesting in China are proposed. At last, the achievements of the research in this field and the problems existing in the present stage are analyzed and discussed, and the development direction of future research of small berry harvesting in China is discussed.

Zhao Y.-L., Zhu L.-L., Sun Y., Zhou D.-Q. (2015): Determination of fluoride in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba ) using ion chromatography and its pretreatments selection. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 77–82. A rapid, sensitive and reliable method to quantify fluoride in Antarctic krill has been established. Four different pretreat ment methods were used for the extraction of fluoride: double-deionised water extraction, sulphuric acid distillation, hydrochloric acid extraction, and pH adjustment with buffer after hydrochloric acid extraction. Four methods of com parative analysis revealed that sulphuric acid distillation was suitable preparation for ion chromatography determination of fluoride in Antarctic krill (fluoride content 288.7 ± 10.2 mg/kg). The method was partially validated in linearity, ac curacy, and precision. The linear range was from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l with the regression coefficient of 0.99998. The accuracy expressed as the recoveries of standard addition ranged from 95.3% to 101.3%, the relative standard deviation ( n = 8) was 1.8–1.9%. With this method, the 3σ limit of detection was 0.06 mg/l of fluoride in Antarctic krill. Our results indicate that the method (limit of quantification 0.2 mg/l) could be well applied for the determination of fluoride in Antarctic krill.

Packet loss rate is an important consideration in the Quality of Service (QoS) measurement for a packet-switched network. The software-defined networking (SDN) technique can conveniently monitor flow statistics. However, the packet loss rate of a link or path cannot be directly measured by inquiring the statistics of an ongoing flow at the starting and ending points because it is impossible to accurately compute and control pairwise sampling moments. In this paper, we propose a two-way link-level packet loss measurement solution for software-defined networks. We solve the flow statistics sampling problem mentioned above by inquiring the statistics of a terminated probe flow. We propose a ring-based packet loss probe structure, which contains every measured directed link once and only once. The proposed probe structure effectively avoids the mutual interference between different probe flows, and thereby improves probe accuracy. The ring is implemented based on the flexible flow match capability of SDN. We further study an optimization problem of ring-based packet loss probe structure that strives to minimize the maximum delay of rings. This optimization problem is very complex, and we approximately solve it using a top-down-top graph partition method. A packet loss positioning method, based on flow statistic inquiries and the symmetry design of the probe ring, is also proposed herein.

The linear two-layer barotropic primitive equations in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive a generalized energy equation, which is subsequently applied to explain the instability of the spiral wave in the model. In the two-layer model, there are not only the generalized barotropic instability and the super high-speed instability, but also some other new instabilities, which fall into the range of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the generalized baroclinic instability, when the upper and lower basic flows are different. They are perhaps the mechanisms of the generation of spiral cloud bands in tropical cyclones as well.

It is difficult to timely predict dynamic loads of green buildings in order to optimize operation of its energy supply systems. In this paper, HCMAC (Hyperball CMAC) neural networks are used to build load prediction models of buildings. The model inputs are outdoor meteorological parameters and the personnel distribution, and outputs cold / heat load and electricity load. A Novel fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is proposed to overcome the drawback that the node number of HCMAC neural network increases exponentially with the increasing of input dimensions, effectively reducing the number of the network nodes, and decreasing the computational burden of neural network parameter learning. Load characteristics of a building are analyzed applying software TRNSYS, and the simulating operation data used for building load models are obtained. Simulation results demonstrated that the presented building load prediction method is an effective data-driven method to be universally applied to modeling of buildings.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kushenin (KS) combined with nucleoside analogues (NAs) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of KS combined with NAs for CHB were identified through 7 databases. Frequencies of loss of serum HBeAg, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable serum HBV-DNA, ALT normalization, and adverse events at 48 weeks were abstracted by two reviewers. The Cochrane software was performed to assess the risk of bias in the included trials. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Results. 18 RCTs involving 1684 subjects with CHB were included in the analysis. KS combined with NAs including lamivudine (LAM), entecavir (ETV), adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), and telbivudine (TLV) showed different degree of improvement in CHB indices. KS combined with NAs increased the frequency of loss of serum HBeAg, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable HBV-DNA levels, and ALT normalization compared with single agents. It also decreased serum ALT and AST level after one-year treatment. However, KS combined with TLV did not show a significant difference in CHB indices. The side-effects of KS combined with NAs were light and of low frequency. Conclusion. KS combined with NAs improves the efficacy of NAs in CHB.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of large dosage of Chishao in formulae for treatment of cholestatic hepatitis. Methods. The major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database Wanfang, VIP medicine information system, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched until January 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of large dosage of Chishao in formulae that reported on publications in treatment of cholestatic hepatitis with total efficacy rate, together with the biochemical indices including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL), were extracted by two reviewers. The Cochrane tool was used for the assessment of risk of bias included trials. Data were analyzed with RevMan 5.2.7 software. Results. 11 RCTs involving 1275 subjects with cholestatic hepatitis were included. Compared with essential therapy, large dosage of Chishao in formulae demonstrated more efficiently with down regulation of serum ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL. Meanwhile, there were no obvious adverse events. Conclusion. As a promising novel treatment approach, widely using large dosage of Chishao in formulae may enhance the curative efficacy for cholestatic hepatitis. Considering being accepted by more and more practitioners, further rigorously designed clinical studies are required.

In the past 50 years, much research has been conducted on the erosion process. Unfortunately, the observationand measurement procedures necessary to collect data frequently disturbs the process being observed, raising thequestion of whether the measured process is a valid observation of the process of interest. This paper will brieflyexplore areas of erosion research where such has occurred, its effect on the conclusions drawn, and potential changesthat should be made, both in interpretation of data and in collection of new data.

In this paper, a highly robust digital video watermarking technique is given. First of all, the watermark information is encrypted by Arnord transform. Then it is embedded in DCT domain by high-frequency coefficients correlation algorithm in RGB frames of source video file. The field tests indicate that the video file with the watermark information is transparent, and strong anti-aggressive.

The thresholding method is a fundamental part for motion detection and other advanced applications,so this step is very important, it must base on a reliable, effective method in order to access to the robustness of the computer intelligent video surveillance system. A new thresholding method which is simple and effective is proposed in the article. Firstly, we propose an imitating uni-Gaussian model thresholding method for motion detection, aiming at the disadvantages of this algorithm existed in the experiment, a predecessor's research is introduced, and then the second mixed thresholding method based on complementary advantages of the two aforesaid methods is proposed. Experiment results show that our final method can obtain clear and complete information of the moving object, and eliminate noise fundamentally for the scene at the same time. Motion detection with this thresholding method is accurate and real-time.

This paper tries to explain the network structures and methods of single-layer perceptron and multi-layer perceptron. It also analyses the linear division and un-division problems in logical operation performed by single-layer perceptron. XOR is linear un-division operation, which cannot be treated by single-layer perceptron. With the analysis, several solutions are proposed in the paper to solve the problems of XOR. Single-layer perceptron can be improved by multi-layer perceptron, functional perceptron or quadratic function. These solutions are designed and analyzed.

Roles for SOX9 have been extensively studied in development and particular emphasis has been placed on SOX9 roles in cell lineage determination in a number of discrete tissues. Aberrant expression of SOX9 in many cancers, including colorectal cancer, suggests roles in these diseases as well and recent studies have suggested tissue- and context-specific roles of SOX9. Our genome wide approach by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in human colorectal cancer cells identified a number of physiological targets of SOX9, including ubiquitously expressed cell cycle regulatory genes, such as CCNB1 and CCNB2, CDK1, and TOP2A. These novel high affinity-SOX9 binding peaks precisely overlapped with binding sites for histone-fold NF-Y transcription factor. Furthermore, our data showed that SOX9 is recruited by NF-Y to these promoters of cell cycle regulatory genes and that SOX9 is critical for the full function of NF-Y in activation of the cell cycle genes. Mutagenesis analysis and in vitro binding assays provided additional evidence to show that SOX9 affinity is through NF-Y and that SOX9 DNA binding domain is not necessary for SOX9 affinity to those target genes. Collectively, our results reveal possibly a context-dependent, non-classical regulatory role for SOX9.