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Recent cross-lingual summarization research has pursued the use of a unified end-to-end model which has demonstrated a certain level of improvement in performance and effectiveness, but this approach stitches together multiple tasks and makes the computation more complex. Less work has focused on alignment relationships across languages, which has led to persistent problems of summary misordering and loss of key information. For this reason, we first simplify the multitasking by converting the translation task into an equal proportion of cross-lingual summary tasks so that the model can perform only cross-lingual summary tasks when generating cross-lingual summaries. In addition, we splice monolingual and cross-lingual summary sequences as an input so that the model can fully learn the core content of the corpus. Then, we propose a reinforced regularization method based on the model to improve its robustness, and build a targeted ABO mechanism to enhance the semantic relationship alignment and key information retention of the cross-lingual summaries. Ablation experiments are conducted on three datasets of different orders of magnitude to demonstrate the effective enhancement of the model by the optimization approach; they outperform the mainstream approaches on the cross-lingual summarization task and the monolingual summarization task for the full dataset. Finally, we validate the model’s capabilities on a cross-lingual summary dataset of professional domains, and the results demonstrate its superior performance and ability to improve cross-lingual sequencing.

Neurologic autoimmune disorders affect people’s physical and mental health seriously. Glial cells, as an important part of the nervous system, play a vital role in the occurrence of neurologic autoimmune disorders. Glial cells can be hyperactivated in the presence of autoantibodies or pathological changes, to influence neurologic autoimmune disorders. This review is mainly focused on the roles of glial cells in neurologic autoimmune disorders and the influence of autoantibodies produced by autoimmune disorders on glial cells. We speculate that the possibility of glial cells might be a novel way for the investigation and therapy of neurologic autoimmune disorders.

Jin-Li Guo,1,* Xian-Yan Yan,1,* Qing-Li Zhao,1 Chao-Na Gao,1 Chen-Hui Wei,1 Zhuan Wei,1 Yi-Ting Yue,2 Xiu-Juan Guo1 1Department of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jin-Li GuoDepartment of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13546395590Email guojl_551@163.comObjective: To study the limit time of phlebitis caused by continuous infusion of KabivenTM Pl and TNA (KabivenTM Pl+ alanyl glutamine + potassium aspartate) through a peripheral vein, and to provide a reference for clinical formulation of preventive measures for phlebitis.Methods: White rabbits (n = 72) were randomly divided into three groups: group A (Normal saline), group B (Kabiven™ Pl), and group C (TNA). Blood was collected from the ear margin vein before administration and after three hours, four hours, five hours, and six hours of administration. CRP and TNF-ɑ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on tissue samples taken from the insertion point of the indwelling needle, the tip of the indwelling needle, and 1 cm from the tip of the indwelling needle, closer to the heart, to analyze early pathological changes in blood vessels.Results: (1) There were no visible inflammatory symptoms in groups A, B, or C within 6 hours. (2) Four hours after starting intravenous administration, the levels of inflammatory markers in groups B and C were higher than in group A, and (3) the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in groups B and C was more severe than in group A. (4) In all groups, the inflammatory reaction at the tip of the indwelling needle was more severe than at the other two sites.Conclusion: When the emulsions TNA and Kabiven™ Pl are infused through a peripheral vein, (1) four hours may be considered as the maximum time for continuous intravenous infusion in the same vein before inflammatory changes become evident, and (2) systematic assessment of the tip of the indwelling needle should be considered for inclusion in the nursing plan for phlebitis monitorings.Keywords: peripheral vein, Kabiven™ Pl, TNA, phlebitis, limit time, CRP, TNF-&#x0251

The article introduces a kind of monodisperse nanoparticles encapsulating nigrosine with about 200 nm diameters. They can be successfully fabricated by swelling the cross-linked monodisperse P(St-M...

As two excellent natural polymers, sodium alginate has excellent biocompatibility and chitosan has good chemical stability and fine bio-availability. They are eco-friendly and easily absorbed by human body. For this reason alginate and chitosan have been widely used in daily life and production, and some efforts were made to improve their application. In this paper a kind of polyelectrolyte membrane made from these two raw materials was prepared and its properties and possible application were studied. The results showed that the sodium alginate/chitosan (SA/CS) polyelectrolyte membrane is sensitive to pH and it hardly has swelling ability in acidic and alkaline solutions but swells easily in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. Meanwhile, the SA/CS membrane has a high rate of water absorption and retention showing that it has a wonderful hydrophobicity and biocompatibility. The drug loading experiment showed than this SA/CS membrane has a smooth release rate of drug like ciprofloxacin hydrochloride indicating that it can be used as a drug carrier material and has a wide application prospect in biomedical material.

In addition to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) the more recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) can also oxidize ammonia, but little is known about AOA community structure and abundance in subtropical forest soils. In this study, both AOA and AOB were investigated with molecular techniques in eight types of forests at surface soils (0-2 cm) and deep layers (18-20 cm) in Nanling National Nature Reserve in subtropical China. The results showed that the forest soils, all acidic (pH 4.24-5.10), harbored a wide range of AOA phylotypes, including the genera Nitrosotalea, Nitrososphaera, and another 6 clusters, one of which was reported for the first time. For AOB, only members of Nitrosospira were retrieved. Moreover, the abundance of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) from AOA dominated over AOB in most soil samples (13/16). Soil depth, rather than forest type, was an important factor shaping the community structure of AOA and AOB. The distribution patterns of AOA and AOB in soil layers were reversed: AOA diversity and abundances in the deep layers were higher than those in the surface layers; on the contrary, AOB diversity and abundances in the deep layers were lower than those in the surface layers. Interestingly, the diversity of AOA was positively correlated with pH, but negatively correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the abundance of AOA was negatively correlated with available phosphorus. Our results demonstrated that AOA and AOB were differentially distributed in acidic soils in subtropical forests and affected differently by soil characteristics.

Calcium alginate microspheres embedded with silver nanoparticles were prepared by dripping mixed solution of sodium alginate and silver nanoparticles, which were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) with sodium alginate as stabilizing agent and sodium borohydride as chemical reducing agent, into a crosslinking bath of calcium chloride solution. The concentration of sodium alginate and sodium borohydride used in synthesis step were found to have effect on the formation and growth of the silver nanoparticles as revealed by UV-visible spectroscopy. The TEM image indicated that uniform silver nanoparticles with particle size range from 20 to 60 nm are fabricated. The XRD spectrums showed that the silver nanoparticles embedded in calcium alginate microspheres exhibit crystalline state. The EDS showed that the higher the ration of AgNO3, the more silver nanoparticles embedded in calcium alginate microspheres. Moreover, X-ray images showed the calcium alginate microspheres embedded with silver nanoparticles exhibited better radiopaque properties than the pure calcium alginate microspheres and the microspheres with higher concentration of AgNO3 solution show sharper X-ray image. All the above facts indicated that these calcium alginate microspheres embedded with silver nanoparticles could therefore be used in embolization.

The area of nanotechnology is currently undergoing a dramatic increase in engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) science research and application. Yield and use of ENMs in many innovative products are continuously increasing. It was reported that the nanotechnology sector generated about US$225 billion in product sales in 2009, which was predicted to expand rapidly over the later decade to create a bright prospect. This surge in demand has been responsible for a corresponding increase in the annual production rates of engineered nanomaterials. However, few people know their potential risks of the environment and human health. It is the popularization of nanomaterials that can lead to greater exposures of the researchers and consumers and our environment. This sector mainly presents the negative effects on human health and environment caused by engineering nanomaterials. We highlight the following three parts: (1) variety of nanomaterials that cause health and environmental issues; (2) effects of ENM exposure; (3) some investigations and research about analysis of the risks.

Sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix-based wound dressing system containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, a topical anti-infective drug, were obtained by a casting/solvent evaporation method. The FTIR spectrum indicated that a strong interaction between SA and PVA and a good compatibility between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and SA/PVA. The surface contact angles showed that the SA/PVA membrane has good compatibility. The water absorption and water retention rate increased when the concentration of PVA increased. The swelling ratio of SA/PVA mixtures indicated that the membrane go to balance in about 30min. Moreover, the release rate of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was found to be increased with the increment of PVA content for all the composite samples. Thus, SA/PVA wound dressing systems containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride could be a novel approach in wound care.

In this paper, calcium–alginate beads have been manufactured by physically cross-linked technology, by dripping an aqueous alginate solution into a solution of calcium salt as a crosslinker. The effect of various elements controlling beads shape such as solution concentration, flow rate and the distance between the orifice tip and surface of the cross-linking solution were studied. The various elements affected the gelling rate and diameter and weight were studied. The findings indicated that shape of alginate beads in the hydrated state was strongly dependent on the flow rate and concentration of sodium alginate solutions.

Interplay between integrins and extracellular matrix is suggested to play an important role in malignant progression and tumor differentiation. The aim of the study was to determine the combined expression of integrin β3 and tenascin-c (TN-c) in breast cancer and examine whether integrin β3 and TN-c can activate urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). We detected the expression of integrin β3, TN-c, p-p38, and uPA in 80 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we blocked integrin β3 and TN-c in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and detected the expression of p-p38 and uPA by Western blot. Integrin β3, TN-c, p-p38, and uPA showed high levels of expression in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. The expression of integrin β3, TN-c, and uPA was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in breast cancer. Furthermore, correlations were noted between any two of the three proteins. The expression of p-p38 and uPA decreased in MDA-MB-231 cells after the addition of integrin β3 antibody and TN-c antibody. The expression of uPA decreased after addition of SB203580. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of the expression of integrin β3 and TN-c could decrease the expression of uPA through p38 MAPK in breast cancer, suggesting that the interaction between integrin β3 and TN-c serves an important role in breast cancer.

Nickel-titanium alloy wires are widely applied in manufacturing biomedical devices; however, it is difficult to be micro-fabricated. Chemical etching process can successfully micro-fabricate the Ni-Ti alloy. The surface morphology, the etching products and the mechanical properties of the fine NiTi wires after the chemical etching process are investigated in the paper. After etching process, the characteristics of the wire surface are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) phase identification analysis is used to identify the etching products on the side surface of the etched wire. The Vickers Micro-hardness Test shows that the micro-hardness in peripheral surface is slightly higher than that in bulk. Mechanical properties of NiTi alloy fine wires after etching were studied by means of tensile tests.

In order to offer a scientific basis for cultivation and management of forests, effects of light radiation intensity on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were studied under different soil moisture contents. By adopting artificial control methods to soil moisture, and under simulated photosynthetic radiation (SPR), the net photosynthetic rate (P N), transpiration rate (T r), water use efficiency (WUE) and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, were studied. Results are as follows: within the photon range of 0–2,200 μmol/(m2·s), P N, T r and WUE were enhanced with an increase in SPR in both species. P N and WUE of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, however, declined with continued increase in SPR. P N, T r, WUE and light saturation point (LSP) of Platycladus orientalis were higher than those of Pinus tabulaeformis, while light compensation point (LCP) of Platycladus orientalis was lower than that of Pinus tabulaeformis at the same soil moisture content. The efficiency of light energy utilization of Platycladus orientalis was higher than that of Pinus tabulaeformis; P N, T r and C i of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were enhanced by increasing soil moisture content, whereas WUE declined. At soil moistures of 7.90%, 13.00% and 19.99%, LSP of Platycladus orientalis was 1,275, 1,450 and 1,675 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, and LCP was 42, 25 and 13 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, with corresponding maximal net CO2 photosynthetic rates (P max) of 3.04, 4.06 and 5.53 μmol/(m2·s). At soil moistures of 7.83%, 13.04% and 20.15%, the LSP of Pinus tabulaeformis was 1,100, 1,325 and 1,500 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, and LCP was 60, 30 and 23 μmol/(m2·s), with P max of 1.08, 3.35 and 4.36 μmol/(m2·s) respectively.

Interplay between integrins and extracellular matrix is suggested to play an important role in malignant progression and tumor differentiation. The aim of the study was to determine the combined expression of integrin β3 and tenascin-c (TN-c) in breast cancer and examine whether integrin β3 and TN-c can activate urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). We detected the expression of integrin β3, TN-c, p-p38, and uPA in 80 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we blocked integrin β3 and TN-c in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and detected the expression of p-p38 and uPA by Western blot. Integrin β3, TN-c, p-p38, and uPA showed high levels of expression in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. The expression of integrin β3, TN-c, and uPA was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in breast cancer. Furthermore, correlations were noted between any two of the three proteins. The expression of p-p38 and uPA decreased in MDA-MB-231 cells after the addition of integrin β3 antibody and TN-c antibody. The expression of uPA decreased after addition of SB203580. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of the expression of integrin β3 and TN-c could decrease the expression of uPA through p38 MAPK in breast cancer, suggesting that the interaction between integrin β3 and TN-c serves an important role in breast cancer.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of the pith decompression of the femoral head and fibular allograft transplantation in the treatment of early stage avascular necrosis.From January 2004 to November 2008, 32 hips of 25 patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head of Ia-IIIb period were treated by the pith decompression of the femoral head and fibular allograft transplantation, hollow lag screw fixation, included 17 males and 8 females, aged from 20 to 55 years old (39.1 years on average). Preoperative pain was from 2 to 14 months (means 5.5 months). All patients were applied on conventional X-ray films, MRI examination, Harris score.The patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months (means 36.4 months). X-ray film showed 21 hips of 18 cases improved,6 hips of 4 cases unchanged, no collapse of articular surface, 3 hips of 2 cases deterioration, 2 hips of 1 case failed. Preoperative Harris score was (77.0 +/- 8.0) and postoperative (90.6 +/- 2.5), there was a significant difference (t = 1.67, P0.05).Pith decompression of the femoral head and fibular allograft transplantation in the treatment of early stage avascular necrosis of femoral head has advantage of joint function in bed-ridden after a short time, quick recovery,clinical symptoms improved. Its short-term efficacy is certain but long-term efficacy is still need further observation.