Search

In this paper, it is shown that for $d\in\mathbb{N}$, a minimal system $(X,T)$ is a $d$-step pro-nilsystem if its enveloping semigroup is a $d$-step top-nilpotent group, answering an open question by Donoso. Thus, combining the previous result of Donoso, it turns out that a minimal system $(X,T)$ is a $d$-step pro-nilsystem if and only if its enveloping semigroup is a $d$-step top-nilpotent group.

In this paper, we study the shift on the space of uniformly bounded continuous functions band-limited in a given compact interval with the standard topology of tempered distributions. We give a constructive proof of the existence of minimal subsystems with any given mean dimension strictly less than twice its band-width. A version of real-valued function spaces is considered as well., Comment: 14

Background Chemokines are a subfamily of cytokines known for their ability to promote cell migration, particularly that of immune cells. Chemokines are necessary for immune system function and have attracted considerable attention on account of their roles in regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Chemokine genes were obtained from the TISIDB database, and we examined the correlation, gene alteration, differential expression, and prognostic value of these genes in 33 tumor types based on Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. The chemokine score of each sample was calculated using the “ssGSEA” function of the R package “GSVA.” We also evaluated the correlation between chemokine scores and a tumor immune microenvironment index and assessed the influence of chemokine scores on the response of cancer patients to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Results We found that tumor samples with high chemokine scores were immune-activated, and further analysis using three immunotherapy cohorts revealed that patients with high chemokine scores were sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy. Conclusions Our results indicate that chemokines are closely associated with the tumor microenvironment, and consequently, patients with high chemokine scores may be suitable for treatment using immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Chemokines are a subfamily of cytokines known for their ability to promote cell migration, particularly that of immune cells. Chemokines are necessary for immune system function and have attracted considerable attention on account of their roles in regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.Methods: Chemokine genes were obtained from the TISIDB database, and we examined the correlation, gene alteration, differential expression, and prognostic value of these genes in 33 tumor types based on Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. The chemokine score of each sample was calculated using the “ssGSEA” function of the R package “GSVA.” We also evaluated the correlation between chemokine scores and a tumor immune microenvironment index and assessed the influence of chemokine scores on the response of cancer patients to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Results: We found that tumor samples with high chemokine scores were immune-activated, and further analysis using three immunotherapy cohorts revealed that patients with high chemokine scores were sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy.Conclusions: Our results indicate that chemokines are closely associated with the tumor microenvironment, and consequently, patients with high chemokine scores may be suitable for treatment using immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Let $(X, T)$ be a weakly mixing minimal system, $p_1, \cdots, p_d$ be integer-valued generalized polynomials and $(p_1,p_2,\cdots,p_d)$ be non-degenerate. Then there exists a residual subset $X_0$ of $X$ such that for all $x\in X_0$ $$\{ (T^{p_1(n)}x, \cdots, T^{p_d(n)}x): n\in \mathbb{Z}\}$$ is dense in $X^d$., Comment: 27 pages

This paper is a continuation of our recent paper (Elect. J. Probab. 24 (2019), no. 141) and is devoted to the asymptotic behavior of a class of supercritical super Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes $(X_t)_{t\geq 0}$ with branching mechanisms of infinite second moment. In the aforementioned paper, we proved stable central limit theorems for $X_t(f) $ for some functions $f$ of polynomial growth in three different regimes. However, we were not able to prove central limit theorems for $X_t(f) $ for all functions $f$ of polynomial growth. In this note, we show that the limit stable random variables in the three different regimes are independent, and as a consequence, we get stable central limit theorems for $X_t(f) $ for all functions $f$ of polynomial growth.

Aim: To summary the experience for prevention and treatment of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in thyroid surgery. Methods: Clinical features of 623 patients who received thyroid surgery from January 2010 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively, and the features of RLN injury and intraoperative as well as postoperative treatments were reviewed. Results: RLN injury occurred in 31 patients (4.98%), in which, unilateral RLN injury occurred in 27 patients and bilateral RLN injuries occurred in 4 patients (temporary injury in 28 patients and permanent injury in 3 patients). 6 patients underwent RLN anastomosis during surgery and exhibited transient hoarseness after surgery. RLN exploration and decompression was given in 1 patient and the patient got normal vocal cord motion 2 months after surgery. 1 patient with bilateral injuries received tracheotomy and CO2 laser resection of arytenoid cartilage and achieved recovery 1 year later. Conclusions: In order to prevent RLN injury, the anatomic variations of RLN should be mastered. Routine exposure of RLN can effectively prevent the injury in patients receiving the second or multiple surgeries. Early interventions for RLN injury include mainly early discovery, early exploration and early anastomosis, and the function of RLN in some patients can recover completely. Subsequent treatments mainly focus on the improvement of the voice, expansion of glottis and melioration of dyspnea.