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Table S1. Distribution and difference between testosterone level and collection time. (DOCX 14 kb).

Height, evolution and structure of the nocturnal aerosol layers in the lower troposphere is reported by using a ground-based lidar over Chung-Li ( 24.58 ∘ N , 121.10 ° E ), Taiwan, during the period from March 2002 to December 2008. Investigation shows that the aerosol layers mainly distributed at an altitude range between 0.2 and 3 km. The mean height and depth of the aerosol layer are 0.57±0.11 km and 0.63±0.14 km, respectively. Seasonality is observed for the depth and height of the aerosol layer. The wind shear and temperature inversion is calculated from the radiosonde data. The statistical interpretation shows a correlation between lidar-derived aerosol layer height and wind shear and also with the temperature inversion. The depth and height of aerosol layer have a positive correlation with Bulk Richardson number. The seasonal features of tropospheric aerosols and their impact on the PM10 mass concentrations are also examined.

Based on density functional theory, the extraordinary magnetic properties of finite graphene fragments (graphene nanoflake, GNF) with different shapes are studied by first-principles electronic structure calculations with all electron numerical-orbital basis set scheme as implemented in DMol3 code of Materials Studio 8.0 software package. According to the graph theory, the spin characteristics of several typical hydrogen-terminated GNF shaped into 3-fold and 6-fold highly rotational symmetries as well as two specific geometrical structures related to graphene nanoribbon are analyzed and verified by first-principles calculations. In some characteristic GNFs shaped into a singular graph, the electron energy matrix becomes singular and multiple states of zero eigenvalue appear which is called nonbonding state (NBS). In these singular graph structures, all the -bonds cannot be satisfied simultaneously and spin-aligned singly occupied molecular orbitals are generated from degeneracy at Fermi-level, which means that the topological frustration occurs. It is proved that the electronic spin magnetic order of GNF originates from topological frustration of conjugate -bonds determined by its shape. The net spin of triangular GNF with zigzag edges is not zero, like an artificial ferromagnetic atom, increasing proportionally with its linear dimension. According to the principle of topological frustration, the large net spins and specific spin distributions can be reasonably introduced into graphene nanocrystals, such as by triangulation. The NBSs of zigzag-edged triangular GNFs with nanoscale dimension create 0.4-0.7 eV energy gaps at Fermi-level to achieve stable spin-alignment at ambient temperature. Even though the linear size of zigzag-edged triangular GNF increases beyond nanoscale, the maximum energy gap is still ~0.68 eV and thus the magnetic moment measurement is feasible at room ambient temperature. The total spin of the complex fractal structure constructed by zigzag-edged triangular GNF unit increases exponentially with the fractal level, due to the increased possibility of topological frustration from aggrandizing boundary. In addition, a large net spin can also be acquired by hollowed-out zigzag triangle in graphene with a net spin value of at least 1.00 and a spin-polarization split band gap of ~0.40 eV. The basic design principle for obtaining large spin and controlling spin state distribution by etching GNF of various patterns in graphene atomic layer is presented. In contrast to traditional chemical synthesis of obtaining large spin limited by complicated reaction pathways, the GNF with large spin easily exceeding the reported highest spin in conjugated polymers can be practically produced by carving lithography. It is suggested that the GNF with designed topological structures fabricated by pattern carving technique can be efficiently used to realize the controllable spintronic nanomaterials and devices.

The low-temperature pyrolysis of the mixture of nine typical components from municipal household garbage has been experimentally studied in an externally heated fixed-bed pyrolyser, at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. The yields of final pyrolysis product varying with temperatures are presented in this paper. The solid product yield decreases with the increase of temperature in the test temperature range, and reduces quickly at 300–550 °C but very slowly at 550–700 °C. However, the pyrolysis liquid yield increases with the increase of temperature, but reaches the maximum at 550 °C, and afterwards begins to decline. Among liquid product, cream-shaped tar is found, the yield of which also reaches the maximum at 550 °C. The pyrolysis gas yield steadily increases with the increase of temperature at the whole test temperature range. The above-mentioned experimental results could be helpful to the practical application of low-temperature pyrolysis of municipal household garbage.

To solve the problem of versatile sizes and irregular number in cut order planning (COP) for apparel mass customization, the mathematical model was built and optimization method based on probability search was proposed. Several cutting table layout plans were generated randomly with the production constriction. The optimized sizes combination plan was accordingly obtained using probability search algorithm. The optimization method could rapidly get the apparel cutting plan and decrease the number of cutting table.

A rate-based model of a counter-current reactive absorption process has been developed for the absorption of SO2 into Na2SO3 in a packed column. The model adopts the film theory, includes diffusion and reaction processes, and assumes that thermodynamic equilibrium among the reacting species exists in the bulk liquid. For the calculation of the absorption rate of SO2 into Na2SO3 solution, it is important to take into account all reversible reactions simultaneously. The model was used to calculate concentration profiles in the liquid film, partial pressure, mass transfer rate, pH profiles, enhancement factor along the column. Model predictions were compared to experimental data and a good agreement was achieved. The study provided a basic study for theoretical analysis and engineering design of the process of SO2 absorption in flue gas by sodium alkali solution and other wet FGD process.

The pyrolysis experiments of sewage sludge at low and middle temperature range from 250°C to 700°C were carried out in a φ 200mm laboratory fixed bed external-heat reactor. The influence of final pyrolysis temperature on product yield of gases was studied. It was found that the gases yield increased with increasing the final pyrolysis temperature. But the productive rate increased above 450°C. The results indicated the secondary pyrolysis of intermediate product occurred about 450°C. According to the analysis of NCG, the yield of CO2 was maximum at lower pyrolysis temperature but the yields of H2, CO, CH4 were higher at elevated pyrolysis temperature and the maximum caloric value of gaseous emissions were 16712 kJ/m3. According the TG-DTA curves the decomposition of sewage sludge had three stages. The first stage was deprivation of interstitial moisture (100°C-110°C), the second stage was the depolymerization reactions of lipid and the generation of large molecular intermediate fragments (110°C-325°C), the last stage was cracking of the large molecular and the decomposition of protein and saccharide (325°C-600°C). All the results can offer reliable base data for the application of pyrolysis technique of sewage sludge.